@article{tham_olivry_2021, title={Determination of the efficacy rate and time-to-efficacy of subcutaneous immunotherapy in dogs with atopic dermatitis}, volume={33}, ISSN={["1365-3164"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1111/vde.13048}, DOI={10.1111/vde.13048}, abstractNote={BACKGROUND
Allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) is reported to have a success rate of 50-70% when given for up to 12 months to dogs with atopic dermatitis (AD). How soon ASIT is clinically effective is unclear.


OBJECTIVES
To compare the efficacy rate (ER) and time-to-efficacy (TTE) of various types of subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) administered using conventional dosing regimens using the methodology of a critically appraised topic.


METHODS AND MATERIALS
Three databases were searched to extract information on the ER and TTE of SCIT in dogs with AD. Herein, "efficacy" was defined as a ≥50% reduction in pruritus and/or skin lesions, and the TTE as the time needed to achieve such a reduction.


RESULTS
We selected 12 publications including 194 dogs. The ER was significantly higher with the polymerised allergoids coupled with nonoxidized mannan than for the "classic" aqueous and alum-precipitated SCIT types. A TTE of three months or shorter was seen in a significantly higher proportion of dogs receiving mannan-couple allergoids, pullulan-conjugated Der f 2 or tyrosine-adjuvanted than aqueous or alum-precipitated SCIT; with the latter two formulations, the TTE might be nine months or longer in ≤20% of atopic dogs.


CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
In spite of the low number of articles available for review and small number of enrolled dogs, novel SCIT regimens appear to have a faster - and possibly higher - efficacy than the currently available aqueous or alum-precipitated formulations. A standardisation of outcome measures for ASIT clearly is needed to allow a more meaningful comparison between SCIT types.}, number={2}, journal={VETERINARY DERMATOLOGY}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Tham, Heng L. and Olivry, Thierry}, year={2021}, month={Dec} }
 @article{tham_linder_olivry_2019, title={Autoimmune diseases affecting skin melanocytes in dogs, cats and horses: vitiligo and the uveodermatological syndrome: a comprehensive review}, volume={15}, ISSN={1746-6148}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12917-019-2003-9}, DOI={10.1186/s12917-019-2003-9}, abstractNote={Autoimmune dermatoses targeting melanocytes have gained attention in human medicine due to their progressive nature and the social impact suffered by affected individuals. In veterinary medicine, vitiligo and the uveodermatological syndrome are the two autoimmune diseases that are known to affect skin melanocytes. In the first part of this article, we will review the signalment, clinical signs, histopathology and the treatment outcome of vitiligo in dogs, cats and horses; where pertinent, we compare the animal diseases to their human homologue. In a similar fashion, the information on the uveodermatological syndrome in dogs is reviewed and, where relevant, it is compared to the Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) syndrome in humans. Canine, feline and equine vitiligo have many features that mirror their human counterparts. The most effective treatment and outcome of vitiligo in animals remain unclear. The canine uveodermatological syndrome resembles the incomplete VKH variant in humans; for affected individuals, an immediate diagnosis and aggressive treatment are crucial to prevent the development of blindness.}, number={1}, journal={BMC Veterinary Research}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Tham, Heng L. and Linder, Keith E. and Olivry, Thierry}, year={2019}, month={Jul} }
 @article{tham_jacob_bizikova_2016, title={Molecular confirmation of shampoo as the putative source of Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced postgrooming furunculosis in a dog}, volume={27}, ISSN={["1365-3164"]}, DOI={10.1111/vde.12332}, abstractNote={BACKGROUND
An acute onset furunculosis due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa following grooming is a well recognized entity. Although contaminated shampoos have been suspected to be the source of the infection, a molecular confirmation of this association has been missing.


OBJECTIVE
This case report describes a dog with postgrooming furunculosis in which Pseudomonas aeruginosa with an identical genetic fingerprint was isolated from the skin lesions as well as from the shampoo used prior to the disease onset.


RESULTS
The dog presented for lethargy, anorexia, pain and rapidly progressing skin lesions consistent with haemorrhagic papules, pustules, coalescing ulcers and crusts localized to the dorsal and lateral aspects of the thorax and gluteal region, which developed within 24 h after a bath. Cytology demonstrated suppurative inflammation with occasional intracellular rod-shaped bacteria. Bacterial culture from skin lesions and the shampoo bottle yielded Pseudomonas aeruginosa with an identical pulsed-field gel electrophoresis pattern. Treatment with oral ciprofloxacin and topical antimicrobial shampoo resulted in a complete resolution of skin lesions within eight weeks.


CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE
Our clinical investigation suggests a link between Pseudomonas-contaminated shampoo and development of postgrooming furunculosis, and underscores the need for hygienic management of shampoos to help limit this disease.}, number={4}, journal={VETERINARY DERMATOLOGY}, author={Tham, Heng L. and Jacob, Megan E. and Bizikova, Petra}, year={2016}, month={Aug}, pages={320–E80} }
 @article{tham_olivry_linder_bizikova_2016, title={Mucous membrane pemphigoid in dogs: A retrospective study of 16 new cases}, volume={27}, number={5}, journal={Veterinary Dermatology}, author={Tham, H. L. and Olivry, T. and Linder, K. E. and Bizikova, P.}, year={2016}, pages={376-} }
 @article{tham_linder_tucker_maggi_bizikova_2015, title={Protozoal nodular dermatitis and panniculitis in a Rottweiler puppy caused by Caryospora bigenetica}, volume={27}, ISSN={0959-4493}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/vde.12271}, DOI={10.1111/vde.12271}, abstractNote={BACKGROUND
Caryospora bigenetica is an intracellular protozoan parasite in snakes and raptors (primary hosts) and rodents (secondary host). Experimental infection has been documented in mice, pigs and goats; natural infection in dogs is rare.


OBJECTIVES
To describe the clinical presentation, histological features, treatment and outcome of a case of protozoal nodular dermatitis and panniculitis in a Rottweiler puppy caused by C. bigenetica.


RESULTS
The puppy presented with generalized subcutaneous nodules measuring up to 2 cm in diameter. Histopathology revealed marked suppurative to pyogranulomatous dermatitis and panniculitis with intralesional protozoal organism. PCR and DNA sequencing confirmed infection with C. bigenetica. Treatment with a combination of oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMS), pyrimethamine and high-dose clindamycin (20 mg/kg twice daily) resulted in resolution of lesions in 6 weeks. Discontinuation of the treatment 2 weeks later was followed by a rapid relapse of skin lesions. Clindamycin and TMS were restarted and all lesions resolved within 2 weeks; TMS was discontinued 4 weeks later due to adverse effects. The lesions remained in remission for 2 months while the puppy received clindamycin monotherapy before a second relapse of skin lesions occurred.


CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE
To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first documentation of the treatment and outcome of C. bigenetica cutaneous infection in a dog. Although remission of clinical signs can be achieved with combination therapy of clindamycin and TMS, long-term management is challenging and relapses should be anticipated.}, number={1}, journal={Veterinary Dermatology}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Tham, Heng L. and Linder, Keith E. and Tucker, Alison and Maggi, Ricardo and Bizikova, Petra}, year={2015}, month={Nov}, pages={44–e12} }