@article{noah_kraus_herring_2022, title={Swine Lagoon Compost: Analysis as Transplant Substrate for 'Traviata' Eggplant, 'Clemson Spineless' Okra, and 'Moneymaker' Tomato}, volume={32}, ISSN={["1943-7714"]}, DOI={10.21273/HORTTECH04944-21}, abstractNote={Composted swine ( Sus domesticus ) lagoon solids may provide a nutrient rich alternative to peatmoss ( Sphagnum sp.) in a transplant substrate while dispersing the concentrated nutrients of this waste product in a cost effective, environmentally conscientious manner. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physical and chemical characteristics of swine lagoon solids composted with peanut ( Arachis hypogaea ) hulls and evaluate the utility of this substrate to support growth of vegetable transplants. Swine lagoon solids were composted in an in-vessel compost reactor with peanut hulls 15:85 v/v producing a transplant substrate, swine lagoon compost (SLC). A greenhouse study was conducted with three vegetable species: ‘Moneymaker’ tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum ), ‘Traviata’ eggplant ( Solanum melongena ), and ‘Clemson Spineless’ okra ( Abelmoschus esculentus ) grown in SLC, an organic potting mix (OM), and a peatmoss-based substrate (PEAT). ‘Traviata’ eggplant, ‘Clemson Spineless’ okra, and ‘Moneymaker’ tomato transplants produced in SLC substrate were significantly greater in height and dry weight than those produced in either the OM or PEAT. Based on these findings SLC can provide both the physical and chemical requirements needed for vegetable transplant production without additional amendments or fertilizers.}, number={1}, journal={HORTTECHNOLOGY}, author={Noah, Abbey C. and Kraus, Helen T. and Herring, Paige L.}, year={2022}, month={Feb}, pages={67–73} }
 @article{suchoff_schultheis_kleinhenz_louws_gunter_2018, title={Rootstock improves high-tunnel tomato water use efficiency}, volume={28}, ISSN={["1943-7714"]}, DOI={10.21273/horttech03947-17}, abstractNote={Sphagnum peat is a finite resource that is often used in the horticultural industry as a component in many substrates, especially for greenhouse production of transplants. Because peatlands are being depleted by vast amounts of mining, the horticultural industry is exploring alternative resources to use in substrates. Swine lagoon sludge (SLS) is an attractive option as it may provide nutrients needed to support plant growth, as well as using an agricultural waste product to address the peat shortage. A compost was developed using an in-vessel compost reactor to compost SLS with peanut hulls [15:85 (by volume) SLS:peanut hull] to produce a swine lagoon compost (SLC). A greenhouse transplant study was conducted with three species: basil ( Ocimum basilicum ‘Dark Opal’), chives ( Allium schoenoprasum ), and dill ( Anethum graveolens ‘Hera’) grown in three substrates: SLC, a commercially available organic potting substrate with a nutrient charge (OM), and a commercial peat-based potting substrate with a 2-week nutrient charge (PEAT). The average height for basil, chives, and dill was significantly greater at transplant harvest when produced in the SLC substrate compared with the OM and PEAT. Airspace was greatest for SLC and lowest for OM and PEAT. Although root growth was not measured in this study, more prolific root growth throughout the plug was observed with SLC compared with OM and PEAT possibly because of the greater airspace in SLC. Substrate solution pH did not change substantially over time, whereas electrical conductivity (EC) decreased from 0.24 to 0.14 mS·cm −1 . Both substrate pH and EC were within acceptable ranges for transplant production. SLC provided the physical and chemical requirements for herb transplant production without any additional fertilizers or amendments.}, number={3}, journal={HortTechnology}, author={Suchoff, D.H. and Schultheis, J.R. and Kleinhenz, M.D. and Louws, F.J. and Gunter, C.C.}, year={2018}, pages={337–343} }
 @article{turk_kraus_hunt_carmen_bilderback_2017, title={Nutrient Sequestration by Vegetation in Bioretention Cells Receiving High Nutrient Loads}, volume={143}, ISSN={["1943-7870"]}, DOI={10.1061/(asce)ee.1943-7870.0001158}, abstractNote={Bioretention plant selection for nutrient removal (and even basic plant survival) is an understudied and not-well-understood component of this stormwater control measure. Twelve bioretention cells were constructed to evaluate 16 plants growing in three different media for their ability to remove nutrient pollution from urban stormwater runoff with high nutrient loads. Plants evaluated were pairs of natives and cultivars and included trees (Magnolia and Betula), shrubs (Viburnum and Itea), herbaceous perennial flowers (Helianthus and Eupatorium), a rush (Juncus), and an ornamental grass (Panicum). Eleven of the 16 species (B. nigra; B. Dura-Heat; M. virginiana; M. Sweet Thing; I. virginica; I. Henry’s Garnet; J. effusus; P. Shenandoah; H. angustifolius; H. First Light; and E. Gateway) performed well (grew and were aesthetically acceptable) in the bioretention cells and can be recommended as bioretention plants. Species and cultivar impacted the levels of remediation of the high N and P loads applied. The woody B. nigra and its cultivar stored the most N and P per specimen and per cost per unit canopy area. The herbaceous species P. virgatum and H. angustifolius sequestered the most N and P per unit area. However, if both low cost per nutrient uptake and high nutrient uptake per area are desired, then three species appear to be the optimal choices: P. virgatum; P. Shenandoah; and E. Gateway. The maximum nutrient mass any plant (B. Dura-Heat) accumulated in its dry biomass was nearly 11% of the inflow load.}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING}, author={Turk, R. P. and Kraus, H. T. and Hunt, W. F. and Carmen, N. B. and Bilderback, T. E.}, year={2017}, month={Feb} }
 @article{shropshire_li_he_2016, title={Storm impact on sea surface temperature and chlorophyll a
 in the Gulf of Mexico and Sargasso Sea based on daily cloud-free satellite data reconstructions}, volume={43}, ISSN={0094-8276}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016GL071178}, DOI={10.1002/2016gl071178}, abstractNote={Upper ocean responses to tropical storms/hurricanes have been extensively studied using satellite observations. However, resolving concurrent sea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophyll a (chl a) responses along storm tracks remains a major challenge due to extensive cloud coverage in satellite images. Here we produce daily cloud-free SST and chl a reconstructions based on the Data INterpolating Empirical Orthogonal Function method over a 10 year period (2003–2012) for the Gulf of Mexico and Sargasso Sea regions. Daily reconstructions allow us to characterize and contrast previously obscured subweekly SST and chl a responses to storms in the two main storm-impacted regions of the Atlantic Ocean. Statistical analyses of daily SST and chl a responses revealed regional differences in the response time as well as the response sensitivity to maximum sustained wind speed and translation speed. This study demonstrates that SST and chl a responses clearly depend on regional ocean conditions and are not as universal as might have been previously suggested.}, number={23}, journal={Geophysical Research Letters}, publisher={American Geophysical Union (AGU)}, author={Shropshire, Taylor and Li, Yizhen and He, Ruoying}, year={2016}, month={Dec}, pages={12,199–12,207} }
 @article{blecken_hunt_al-rubaei_viklander_lord_2015, title={Stormwater control measure (SCM) maintenance considerations to ensure designed functionality}, volume={14}, ISSN={1573-062X 1744-9006}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1573062X.2015.1111913}, DOI={10.1080/1573062x.2015.1111913}, abstractNote={AbstractGreat investment is made in the design and installation of stormwater control measures (SCMs). Substantial research investment, too, is made to optimise the performance of SCMs. However, once installed, SCMs often suffer from lack of maintenance or even outright neglect. Key maintenance needs for wet ponds, constructed stormwater wetlands, bioretention, infiltration practices, permeable pavement, swales, and rainwater harvesting systems are reviewed with many tasks, such as the cleaning of pre-treatment areas and the preservation of infiltration surfaces, being common maintenance themes among SCMs. Consequences of lacking maintenance are illustrated (mainly insufficient function or failure). Probable reasons for neglect include insufficient communication, unclear responsibilities, lack of knowledge, financial barriers, and decentralised measures. In future designs and research, maintenance (and lack thereof) should be considered. Assessing the performance of SCMs conservatively and including safet...}, number={3}, journal={Urban Water Journal}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Blecken, Godecke-Tobias and Hunt, William F., III and Al-Rubaei, Ahmed Mohammed and Viklander, Maria and Lord, William G.}, year={2015}, month={Nov}, pages={278–290} }
 @inproceedings{kraus_pledger_riley_fonteno_jackson_bilderback_arboretum_2014, title={Defining rain garden filter bed substrates based on saturated hydraulic conductivity}, volume={1034}, booktitle={International symposium on growing media and soilless cultivation}, author={Kraus, H. and Pledger, R. and Riley, E. and Fonteno, W. C. and Jackson, B. E. and Bilderback, T. and Arboretum, J. C. R.}, year={2014}, pages={57–64} }
 @inproceedings{riley_kraus_bilderback_2014, title={Physical properties of varying rain garden filter bed substrates affect saturated hydraulic conductivity ?}, volume={1055}, DOI={10.17660/actahortic.2014.1055.102}, booktitle={Proceedings of the international plant propagator's society - 2013}, author={Riley, E. D. and Kraus, Helen and Bilderback, T. E.}, year={2014}, pages={485–489} }
 @article{turk_kraus_bilderback_hunt_fonteno_2014, title={Rain garden filter bed substrates affect stormwater nutrient remediation}, volume={49}, number={5}, journal={HortScience}, author={Turk, R. L. and Kraus, H. T. and Bilderback, T. E. and Hunt, W. F. and Fonteno, W. C.}, year={2014}, pages={645–652} }
 @inproceedings{bilderback_riley_jackson_kraus_fonteno_owen_altland_fain_2013, title={Strategies for developing sustainable substrates in nursery crop production}, volume={1013}, DOI={10.17660/actahortic.2013.1013.2}, abstractNote={A comprehensive literature search of industrial and agricultural by-products to replace or extend existing soilless substrate components would produce a seemingly endless list of materials from “garbage” to a plethora of manure-based composts that have been tested both in the laboratory and in crop response studies throughout the world. Many of these alternatives have shown promise, but limiting factors for integration and use of the alternatives substrate components continue to include: regional or national availability; transport costs; handling costs; lack of a uniform and consistent product; guidelines for preparation and use of materials or impact on current crop production practices. If a product can overcome the above limitations, then researchers are tasked with documenting substrate physical or chemical characteristics. The objective in all studies is to maintain or increase growth of nursery crops and to extend the longevity and acceptable physical properties for long-term woody ornamental crops. Proof of results is determined using laboratory analyses and crop growth studies. Physiochemical properties are monitored over days, weeks, and months to ensure stability. Particle size distribution and varying ratios of substrate components are manipulated to achieve optimal air filled porosity and available water content. Soilless substrates are amended with lime, sulfur and nutrients or blended with other substrate components to provide optimal chemical characteristics. Additionally, substrates are evaluated under industry conditions to determine impact on water, nutrient and pest management to better understand obstacles to commercial adoption.}, booktitle={International symposium on growing media, composting and substrate analysis}, author={Bilderback, T. E. and Riley, E. D. and Jackson, B. E. and Kraus, Helen and Fonteno, W. C. and Owen, J. S. and Altland, J. and Fain, G. B.}, year={2013}, pages={43–56} }
 @article{paparozzi_williams_geneve_hatterman-valenti_haynes_kraus_mckenney_pitts_2011, title={Development of the AG*IDEA Alliance's horticulture graduate certificates program and Inter-institutional course share}, volume={21}, number={6}, journal={HortTechnology}, author={Paparozzi, E. T. and Williams, K. A. and Geneve, R. and Hatterman-Valenti, H. and Haynes, C. and Kraus, H. and McKenney, C. and Pitts, J.}, year={2011}, pages={688–691} }
 @article{kraus_warren_bjorkquist_lowder_tchir_walton_2011, title={Nitrogen:phosphorus:potassium ratios affect production of two herbaceous perennials}, volume={46}, number={5}, journal={HortScience}, author={Kraus, H. T. and Warren, S. L. and Bjorkquist, G. J. and Lowder, A. W. and Tchir, C. M. and Walton, K. N.}, year={2011}, pages={776–783} }
 @article{kraus_warren_anderson_2002, title={Nitrogen form affects growth, mineral nutrient content, and root anatomy of Cotoneaster and Rudbeckia}, volume={37}, number={1}, journal={HortScience}, author={Kraus, H. T. and Warren, S. L. and Anderson, C. E.}, year={2002}, pages={126–129} }
 @article{warren_bilderback_kraus_2001, title={Method of fertilizer application affects nutrient losses of controlled-release fertilizer}, ISBN={["90-6605-784-X"]}, ISSN={["0567-7572"]}, DOI={10.17660/actahortic.2001.548.40}, number={548}, journal={PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON GROWING MEDIA AND HYDROPONICS}, publisher={Leuven, Belgium : International Society for Horticultural Science}, author={Warren, SL and Bilderback, TE and Kraus, HH}, year={2001}, pages={349–355} }