@article{fasina_fleming_humphries_thompson_reina_2003, title={Crossflow filtration of brine from cucumber fermentation}, volume={19}, DOI={10.13031/2013.12722}, abstractNote={Due to environmental concerns, pickle companies are considering ways of reclaiming the brine obtained from 
cucumber fermentation. The removal of microbial cells is crucial in use of the brine in finished pickle products. The effects 
of transmembrane pressure (41 to 166 kPa), feed flow rate (7.8 to 15.5 L/min), pore size (500,000 NWCO and 0.2 .m), and 
cell concentration (optical density of 0.171 to 1.170 at 640 nm) on permeate flux during the crossflow filtration of brine 
obtained from bulk fermentation of cucumber were studied. Results indicate that the microfiltration membranes exhibited a 
large flux decline during the first 15 min of operation when challenged with the fermentation brine. The net decline in 
permeate flux increased with transmembrane pressure, flow velocity, pore size, and cell concentration. Filtration through 
filter pore size of 0.2 .m or smaller effectively removed the microbial cells present in the brine. Only the transmembrane 
pressure significantly affected the resistance of the cake formed at the filter surface. From the results obtained from the study, 
it is possible to use microfiltration to filter sediments and microbial cells from brine obtained from cucumber fermentation.}, number={1}, journal={Applied Engineering in Agriculture}, author={Fasina, O. O. and Fleming, H. P. and Humphries, E. G. and Thompson, R. L. and Reina, L. R.}, year={2003}, pages={107–113} }
 @article{humphries_2001, title={Vegetable transport operations with horizontal roller conveyors}, volume={17}, DOI={10.13031/2013.1928}, abstractNote={Abstract. The action of horizontal roller conveyors on isolated vegetable products, or mass quantities of product, is examined and related to product orientation and size relative to roller diameter and spacing. An isolated specimen on a roller conveyor typically aligns its long axis with the roller axes and is subsequently not transported across the rollers. Efficient transport occurs only when the conveyor is loaded to a product density that provides contact between two or more product specimens. Roller diameters larger than three times the smallest product dimension are usually inefficient transporters. Roller spacing, or the slot width between rollers, can be varied to provide size grading functions by roller conveyors. Conveyor bed rollers may also be employed as devices to uniformly feed grading or packing line equipment from bulk containers.}, number={1}, journal={Applied Engineering in Agriculture}, author={Humphries, E. G.}, year={2001}, pages={5–7} }
 @article{humphries_fleming_1996, title={Chlorine dioxide use in pickling cucumber hydrocooler operations}, volume={12}, DOI={10.13031/2013.25703}, abstractNote={Typical operating parameters for a chlorine dioxide generator installed on a hydrocooler (7560 L water capacity) for pickling cucumbers were ascertained. The recycled hydrocooler water (2-8°C) was maintained at 1.3 ppm chlorine dioxide to effectively control microorganisms. The rates of chlorite, hypochlorite, and hydrochloric acid use to generate chlorine dioxide were linearly related to the quantity of cucumbers hydrocooled for operating runs of 172 and 304 field boxes (705 L each, 20 bushels) intermittently hydrocooled over two 16 h periods. Use rates were 0.056 to 0.082 (chlorite), 0.052 to 0.078 (hypochlorite) and 0.022 to 0.029 (hydrochloric acid) kg/box hydrocooled. Materials cost for chlorine dioxide treatment was $0.24 to $0.29 per box. Optical density increased and total solids accumulated in the hydrocooler water in direct proportion to product throughput for both tests.}, number={6}, journal={Applied Engineering in Agriculture}, author={Humphries, E. G. and Fleming, H. P.}, year={1996}, pages={715} }
 @article{humphries_vermillion_1994, title={Pickling cucumber vine pruning treatments and their implications for mechanical harvesting}, volume={37}, DOI={10.13031/2013.28055}, abstractNote={Pickling cucumber plants and vines were pruned at various stages of growth to assess pruning effects on yield and plant size as related to mechanical harvesting. Replicated test plots were grown following recommended cultural practices for three plantings. Pruning treatments were varied for each of the three crops and ranged from severe (over 50% removal of leaves) in the early stages of growth to moderate (20 to 40 cm cut from the tips of flowering vines). Yields, as measured by the number of fruit/plant, were not significantly affected for most pruning treatments, especially moderate pruning late in the growth period. Short term reductions in vine mass or volume were visually noted; however, vine mass of pruned treatments generally recovered to the level of unpruned controls by the end of the two- or three-week harvesting periods. Based on these studies, modification of the plant structure and size can be achieved without significant yield reduction; vine pruning could enhance operation of both once-over and multiple-pick machines.}, number={1}, journal={Transactions of the ASAE}, author={Humphries, E. G. and Vermillion, D. L.}, year={1994}, pages={71} }
 @article{humphries_fleming_1989, title={ANAEROBIC TANKS FOR CUCUMBER FERMENTATION AND STORAGE}, volume={44}, ISSN={["0021-8634"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0021-8634(89)80077-0}, abstractNote={Fermentation in sodium chloride (NaCl) brine by naturally occurring micro-organisms is an established procedure for temporary preservation of cucumbers in open-top tanks. The physical attributes and accessory supporting equipment of an anaerobic, closed-top tanking system with the potential to reduce environmental problems and facilitate the use of new fermentation technology is reviewed and updated. Prototype tanks of 30 to 35 m 3 capacity and fibreglass construction having a food-grade liner were selected for introductory stage testing and semi-commercial evaluation. Anaerobic conditions were achieved by sealing the manhole port located at the tank top and purging the brine with nitrogen (N 2 ) gas to remove oxygen. The purging (at rates up to 1·0 m 3 /h) served to remove carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) generated during fermentation and also operated as a gas lift pump to circulate the cover brine. During fermentation, N 2 and CO 2 gases were vented from the tank top through a 50 mm diameter vent tube at atmospheric pressure. During storage, anaerobic conditions were maintained by a slight (approximately 250 mm water column) positive pressure of N 2 in the headspace above the liquid level; a U-tube manometer served as a means of isolation, a pressure indicator and a safety device against excessive positive or negative tank pressures. Field trials to the system under commercial conditions have demonstrated that anaerobic tanks can alleviate many of the objectional features of open-top tanks. Implications of projected modifications of the system are briefly examined.}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH}, author={HUMPHRIES, EG and FLEMING, HP}, year={1989}, month={Oct}, pages={133–140} }
 @article{humphries_1981, title={Cucumber mechanization: Crown fruit removal}, volume={24}, DOI={10.13031/2013.34347}, number={4}, journal={Transactions of the ASAE}, author={Humphries, E. G.}, year={1981}, pages={833} }
 @article{humphries_humphries_1980, title={Cuke harvester reported ready for production}, volume={39}, number={1}, journal={Research and Farming}, author={Humphries, W. and Humphries, E. G.}, year={1980}, pages={3} }
 @article{humphries_beasley_rohrbach_1978, title={An air conveyor for vegetables}, volume={26}, number={8}, journal={American Vegetable Grower}, author={Humphries, E. G. and Beasley, E. O. and Rohrbach, R. P.}, year={1978}, pages={28} }