Harald Ade

Dong, X., Lee, B., Song, R., Neu, J., Kashani, S., You, W., & Ade, H. (2025, January 2). Control Over Vertical Composition in Low Complexity Polymer Solar Cells. ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS, Vol. 1. https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202404962

Yu, H., Wang, Y., Kwok, C. H., Zhou, R., Yao, Z., Mukherjee, S., … Yan, H. (2024). A polymer acceptor with double-decker configuration enhances molecular packing for high-performance all-polymer solar cells. JOULE, 8(8). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2024.06.010

Shanahan, J., Yan, L., Olanrewaju, Y., Kashani, S., Ade, H., So, F., & You, W. (2024, October 28). Acid-Triggered Side Chain Cleavage Leads to Doped Conjugated Polymers of High Conductivity. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, Vol. 10. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.4c09843

Arneson, C., Huang, X., Huang, X., Fan, D., Gao, M., Ye, L., … Forrest, S. R. (2024, September 16). Erratum: "Relationship between charge transfer state electroluminescence and the degradation of organic photovoltaics" [Appl. Phys. Lett. <bold>118</bold>, 063301 (2021)]. APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, Vol. 125. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0237612

Schrickx, H. M., Kashani, S., Buck, L., Ding, K., Rech, J. J., Flagg, L. Q., … Brendan T. O'Connor. (2024, April 8). Exceptional Alignment in a Donor-Acceptor Conjugated Polymer via a Previously Unobserved Liquid Crystal Mesophase. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Vol. 4. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202315183

Pacalaj, R. A., Dong, Y., Ramirez, I., Mackenzie, R. C. I., Hosseini, S. M., Bittrich, E., … Durrant, J. R. (2024, October 23). From generation to collection - impact of deposition temperature on charge carrier dynamics of high-performance vacuum-processed organic solar cells. ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE, Vol. 10. https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ee03623a

Henry, R., & Ade, H. (2024, November 13). Melt Expansion and Thermal Transitions of Semiconducting Polymers in Thin Films. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Vol. 11. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202409465

Kim, H. K., Ng, H. M., Pan, M., Lai, J. Y. L., Li, X., Li, Y., … Yu, H. (2024, January 22). Modification of the Electron-Deficient Core on Unfused-Ring Acceptors Enabling High Open-Circuit Voltage of Organic Solar Cells. SOLAR RRL, Vol. 1. https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202300997

Neu, J., Ding, K., Liu, S., Ade, H., Xu, J., & You, W. (2024, April 10). Optimized Incorporation of Furan into Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Conjugated Polymers for Organic Field-Effect Transistors. CHEMSUSCHEM, Vol. 4. https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202400171

Zou, B., Ng, H. M., Yu, H., Ding, P., Yao, J., Chen, D., … Yan, H. (2024, June 5). Precisely Controlling Polymer Acceptors with Weak Intramolecular Charge Transfer Effect and Superior Coplanarity for Efficient Indoor All-Polymer Solar Cells with over 27% Efficiency. ADVANCED MATERIALS, Vol. 6. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202405404

Kwon, S.-J., Giridharagopal, R., Neu, J., Kashani, S., Chen, S. E., Quezada, R. J., … Ginger, D. S. (2024, February 6). Quantifying Doping Efficiency to Probe the Effects of Nanoscale Morphology and Solvent Swelling in Molecular Doping of Conjugated Polymers. JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C, Vol. 2. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.4c00153

Chen, L., Zhao, C., Yu, H., Sergeev, A., Zhu, L., Ding, K., … Yan, H. (2024, May 11). Tailoring Cyano Substitutions on Quinoxaline-based Small-Molecule Acceptors Enabling Enhanced Molecular Packing for High-Performance Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS, Vol. 5. https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202400285

Wang, Z., Guo, Y., Liu, X., Shu, W., Han, G., Ding, K., … Chow, P. C. Y. (2024). The role of interfacial donor-acceptor percolation in efficient and stable all-polymer solar cells. NATURE COMMUNICATIONS, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-45455-0

Peng, Z., Stingelin, N., Ade, H., & Michels, J. J. (2023). A materials physics perspective on structure–processing–function relations in blends of organic semiconductors. Nature Reviews Materials. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41578-023-00541-5

Du, Z., Luong, H. M., Sabury, S., Therdkatanyuphong, P., Chae, S., Welton, C., … Nguyen, T.-Q. (2023, October 5). Additive-free molecular acceptor organic solar cells processed from a biorenewable solvent approaching 15% efficiency. MATERIALS HORIZONS, Vol. 10. https://doi.org/10.1039/d3mh01133j

Luo, S., Li, C., Zhang, J., Zou, X., Zhao, H., Ding, K., … Yan, H. (2023). Auxiliary sequential deposition enables 19%-efficiency organic solar cells processed from halogen-free solvents. NATURE COMMUNICATIONS, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-41978-0

Zhao, H., Kim, J., Ding, K., Jung, M., Li, Y., Ade, H., … Forrest, S. R. (2023, February 9). Control of Host-Matrix Morphology Enables Efficient Deep-Blue Organic Light-Emitting Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS, Vol. 2. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202210794

Charles, M., Edwards, B., Ravishankar, E., Calero, J., Henry, R., Rech, J., … Sederoff, H. (2023). Emergent molecular traits of lettuce and tomato grown under wavelength-selective solar cells. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1087707

Kashani, S., Rech, J. J., Liu, T., Baustert, K., Ghaffari, A., Angunawela, I., … Ade, H. (2023, December 22). Exciton Binding Energy in Organic Polymers: Experimental Considerations and Tuning Prospects. ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS, Vol. 12. https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202302837

Henry, R., Balar, N., & Ade, H. (2023). In-Situ Ellipsometry for the Determination of Thermal Transitions and Relaxations in Organic Photovoltaic Materials. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS, 35(18), 7406–7421. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c00714

Wu, X., Jiang, X., Li, X., Zhang, J., Ding, K., Zhuo, H., … Li, Y. (2023, October 27). Introducing a Phenyl End Group in the Inner Side Chains of A-DA&apos;D-A Acceptors Enables High-Efficiency Organic Solar Cells Processed with Nonhalogenated Solvent. ADVANCED MATERIALS, Vol. 10. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202302946

Siddika, S., Peng, Z., Balar, N., Dong, X., Zhong, X., You, W., … OConnor, B. T. (2023). Molecular interactions that drive morphological and mechanical stabilities in organic solar cells. JOULE, 7(7), 1593–1608. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2023.06.002

Jia, Z., Ma, Q., Chen, Z., Meng, L., Jain, N., Angunawela, I., … Li, Y. (2023). Near-infrared absorbing acceptor with suppressed triplet exciton generation enabling high performance tandem organic solar cells. NATURE COMMUNICATIONS, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-36917-y

Neu, J., Samson, S., Ding, K., Rech, J. J., Ade, H., & You, W. (2023). Oligo(ethylene glycol) Side Chain Architecture Enables Alcohol-Processable Conjugated Polymers for Organic Solar Cells. MACROMOLECULES, 56(5), 2092–2103. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02259

Zhuo, H., Li, X., Zhang, J., Zhu, C., He, H., Ding, K., … Li, Y. (2023). Precise synthesis and photovoltaic properties of giant molecule acceptors. NATURE COMMUNICATIONS, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-43846-3

Al Shafe, A., Schrickx, H. M., Ding, K., Ade, H., & Brendan T. O'Connor. (2023, August 8). Rubber-Toughened Organic Solar Cells: Miscibility-Morphology-Performance Relations. ACS ENERGY LETTERS, Vol. 8. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.3c01124

Singh, A., Kim, Y., Henry, R., Ade, H., & Mitzi, D. B. (2023, August 8). Study of Glass Formation and Crystallization Kinetics in a 2D Metal Halide Perovskite Using Ultrafast Calorimetry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, Vol. 8. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.3c06342

Wang, Z., Peng, Z., Balar, N., & Ade, H. (2023, November 2). Suppressing pre-aggregation to increase polymer solar cell ink shelf life. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A, Vol. 11. https://doi.org/10.1039/d3ta06617g

Ng, H. M., Kwok, C. H., Qi, Z., Wang, Z., Chen, L., Liu, W., … Yu, H. (2023, October 14). Synergistic effect of benzoselenadiazole core and alkoxy side chain substitution on the photovoltaic performance of non-fullerene acceptors. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A, Vol. 10. https://doi.org/10.1039/d3ta04364a

Peng, Z., & Ade, H. (2023, April 24). Unveiling re-entrant phase behavior and crystalline-amorphous interactions in semi-conducting polymer:small molecule blends. MATERIALS HORIZONS, Vol. 4. https://doi.org/10.1039/d3mh00034f

Zhang, W., Sun, C., Angunawela, I., Meng, L., Qin, S., Zhou, L., … Li, Y. (2022, April 17). 16.52% Efficiency All-Polymer Solar Cells with High Tolerance of the Photoactive Layer Thickness. ADVANCED MATERIALS, Vol. 4. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202108749

Yi, J., Pan, M., Chen, L., Chen, Y., Angunawela, I. C., Luo, S., … Yan, H. (2022, July 19). A Benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']Difuran Based Donor Polymer Achieving High-Performance (>17%) Single-Junction Organic Solar Cells with a Fill Factor of 80.4%. ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS, Vol. 7. https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202201850

Fu, H., Peng, Z., Fan, Q., Lin, F. R., Qi, F., Ran, Y., … Jen, A. K.-Y. (2022, July 15). A Top-Down Strategy to Engineer ActiveLayer Morphology for Highly Efficient and Stable All-Polymer Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS, Vol. 7. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202202608

Gao, W., Qi, F., Peng, Z., Lin, F. R., Jiang, K., Zhong, C., … Jen, A. K.-Y. (2022, July 11). Achieving 19% Power Conversion Efficiency in Planar-Mixed Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells Using a Pseudosymmetric Electron Acceptor. ADVANCED MATERIALS, Vol. 7. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202202089

Charles, M., Edwards, B., Ravishankar, E., Calero, J., Henry, R., Rech, J., … Sederoff, H. (2022, March 13). Beyond energy balance in agrivoltaic food production: Emergent crop traits from wavelength-selective solar cells. https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.03.10.482833

Ho, C. H. Y., Pei, Y., Qin, Y., Zhang, C., Peng, Z., Angunawela, I., … So, F. (2022, October 11). Importance of Electric-Field-Independent Mobilities in Thick-Film Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES, Vol. 10. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.2c11265

Luginbuhl, B. R., Ko, S.-J., Ran, N. A., Hu, H., Becwar, S. M., Karki, A., … Nguyen, T.-Q. (2022, March 16). Low Voltage-Loss Organic Solar Cells Light the Way for Efficient Semitransparent Photovoltaics. SOLAR RRL, Vol. 3. https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202200135

Luo, S., Bai, F., Zhang, J., Zhao, H., Angunawela, I., Zou, X., … Yan, H. (2022). Optimizing spectral and morphological match of nonfullerene acceptors toward efficient indoor organic photovoltaics with enhanced light source adaptability. NANO ENERGY, 98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2022.107281

Ravishankar, E., Booth, R. E., Hollingsworth, J. A., Ade, H., Sederoff, H., DeCarolis, J. F., & Brendan T. O'Connor. (2022, March 10). Organic solar powered greenhouse performance optimization and global economic opportunity. ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE, Vol. 15. https://doi.org/10.1039/D1EE03474J

Kashani, S., Wang, Z., Risko, C., & Ade, H. (2022, December 9). Relating reorganization energies, exciton diffusion length and non-radiative recombination to the room temperature UV-vis absorption spectra of NF-SMA. MATERIALS HORIZONS, Vol. 12. https://doi.org/10.1039/D2MH01228F

Fang, J., Wang, Z., Chen, Y., Zhang, Q., Zhang, J., Zhu, L., … Ma, C.-Q. (2022). Revealing aggregation of non-fullerene acceptors in intermixed phase by ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy. CELL REPORTS PHYSICAL SCIENCE, 3(7). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrp.2022.100983

Booth, R. E., Schrickx, H. M., Hanby, G., Liu, Y., Qin, Y., Ade, H., … Brendan T. O'Connor. (2022, June 15). Silver Nanowire Composite Electrode Enabling Highly Flexible, Robust Organic Photovoltaics. SOLAR RRL, Vol. 6. https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202200264

Li, Z., Kong, X., Chen, Z., Angunawela, I., Zhu, H., Li, X., … Li, Y. (2022, November 9). Small-Molecule Acceptor with Unsymmetric Substituents and Fused Rings for High-Performance Organic Solar Cells with Enhanced Mobility and Reduced Energy Losses. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES, Vol. 11. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.2c17235

Hu, K., Zhu, C., Ding, K., Qin, S., Lai, W., Du, J., … Li, Y. (2022, August 12). Solid additive tuning of polymer blend morphology enables non-halogenated-solvent all-polymer solar cells with an efficiency of over 17%. ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE, Vol. 8. https://doi.org/10.1039/d2ee01727j

Jiang, K., Zhang, J., Zhong, C., Lin, F. R., Qi, F., Li, Q., … Jen, A. K.-Y. (2022). Suppressed recombination loss in organic photovoltaics adopting a planar-mixed heterojunction architecture. NATURE ENERGY, 7(11), 1076–1086. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-022-01138-y

Steckmann, T., Angunawela, I., Kashani, S., Zhu, Y., Nahid, M. M., Ade, H., & Gadisa, A. (2022, March 2). Ultrathin P(NDI2OD-T2) Films with High Electron Mobility in Both Bottom-Gate and Top-Gate Transistors. ADVANCED ELECTRONIC MATERIALS, Vol. 3. https://doi.org/10.1002/aelm.202101324

Zeng, A., Ma, X., Pan, M., Chen, Y., Ma, R., Zhao, H., … Yan, H. (2021, June 16). A Chlorinated Donor Polymer Achieving High-Performance Organic Solar Cells with a Wide Range of Polymer Molecular Weight. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Vol. 6. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202102413

Yu, H., Luo, S., Sun, R., Angunawela, I., Qi, Z., Peng, Z., … Yan, H. (2021). A Difluoro-Monobromo End Group Enables High-Performance Polymer Acceptor and Efficient All-Polymer Solar Cells Processable with Green Solvent under Ambient Condition. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, 31(25). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202100791

Armin, A., Li, W., Sandberg, O. J., Xiao, Z., Ding, L., Nelson, J., … Meredith, P. (2021). [Review of A History and Perspective of Non-Fullerene Electron Acceptors for Organic Solar Cells]. ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS, 11(15). https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202003570

Ghasemi, M., Balar, N., Peng, Z., Hu, H., Qin, Y., Kim, T., … Ade, H. (2021). A molecular interaction-diffusion framework for predicting organic solar cell stability. NATURE MATERIALS, 20(4), 525-+. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-020-00872-6

Zhang, J., Bai, F., Angunawela, I., Xu, X., Luo, S., Li, C., … Yan, H. (2021, October 29). Alkyl-Chain Branching of Non-Fullerene Acceptors Flanking Conjugated Side Groups toward Highly Efficient Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS, Vol. 10. https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202102596

Ravishankar, E., Charles, M., Xiong, Y., Henry, R., Swift, J., Rech, J., … Brendan T. O'Connor. (2021). Balancing crop production and energy harvesting in organic solar-powered greenhouses. CELL REPORTS PHYSICAL SCIENCE, 2(3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrp.2021.100381

Zheng, Y., Sun, R., Zhang, M., Chen, Z., Peng, Z., Wu, Q., … Min, J. (2021, October 17). Baseplate Temperature-Dependent Vertical Composition Gradient in Pseudo-Bilayer Films for Printing Non-Fullerene Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS, Vol. 10. https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202102135

Zhong, Y., Kirmani, A. R., Lan, X., Carpenter, J., Rong-Hui Chew, A., Awartani, O., … Amassian, A. (2022). Conjugated polymers with controllable interfacial order and energetics enable tunable heterojunctions in organic and colloidal quantum dot photovoltaics. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 10(4), 1788–1801. https://doi.org/10.1039/d1ta09544g

Rech, J. J., Neu, J., Qin, Y., Samson, S., Shanahan, J., Josey, R. F., III, … You, W. (2021, June 10). Designing Simple Conjugated Polymers for Scalable and Efficient Organic Solar Cells. CHEMSUSCHEM, Vol. 6. https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202100910

Schopp, N., Brus, V. V., Lee, J., Dixon, A., Karki, A., Liu, T., … Nguyen, T.-Q. (2021). Effect of Palladium-Tetrakis(Triphenylphosphine) Catalyst Traces on Charge Recombination and Extraction in Non-Fullerene-based Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, 31(15). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202009363

Zhang, L., Zhu, X., Deng, D., Wang, Z., Zhang, Z., Li, Y., … Wei, Z. (2021, December 13). High Miscibility Compatible with Ordered Molecular Packing Enables an Excellent Efficiency of 16.2% in All-Small-Molecule Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS, Vol. 12. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202106316

Jia, Z., Qin, S., Meng, L., Ma, Q., Angunawela, I., Zhang, J., … Li, Y. (2021). High performance tandem organic solar cells via a strongly infrared-absorbing narrow bandgap acceptor. NATURE COMMUNICATIONS, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-20431-6

Du, Z., Mainville, M., Vollbrecht, J., Dixon, A. L., Schopp, N., Schrock, M., … Nguyen, T.-Q. (2021, June 3). Insights into Bulk-Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells Processed from Green Solvent. SOLAR RRL, Vol. 5. https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202100213

Zhou, L., Meng, L., Zhang, J., Zhu, C., Qin, S., Angunawela, I., … Li, Y. (2021, November 8). Introducing Low-Cost Pyrazine Unit into Terpolymer Enables High-Performance Polymer Solar Cells with Efficiency of 18.23%. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Vol. 11. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202109271

Peng, Z., Jiang, K., Qin, Y., Li, M., Balar, N., Brendan T. O'Connor, … Geng, Y. (2021). Modulation of Morphological, Mechanical, and Photovoltaic Properties of Ternary Organic Photovoltaic Blends for Optimum Operation. ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS, 11(8). https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202003506

Li, Y., Huang, X., Ding, K., Sheriff, H. K. M., Jr., Ye, L., Liu, H., … Forrest, S. R. (2021). Non-fullerene acceptor organic photovoltaics with intrinsic operational lifetimes over 30 years. NATURE COMMUNICATIONS, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-25718-w

Zou, X., Ma, C., Chan, C. C. S., Zhang, J., Li, Y., Shang, A., … Chow, P. C. Y. (2021). Optically Probing Field-Dependent Charge Dynamics in Non-Fullerene Organic Photovoltaics with Small Interfacial Energy Offsets. JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C, 125(3), 1714–1722. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c09663

An, C., Qin, Y., Zhang, T., Lv, Q., Qin, J., Zhang, S., … Hou, J. (2021, April 28). Optimization of active layer morphology by small-molecule donor design enables over 15% efficiency in small-molecule organic solar cells. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A, Vol. 4. https://doi.org/10.1039/d0ta12242d

Mukherjee, S., Gann, E., Nahid, M. M., McAfee, T., Herzing, A. A., DeLongchamp, D. M., & Ade, H. (2021). Orientational Ordering within Semiconducting Polymer Fibrils. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, 31(28). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202102522

Du, J., Hu, K., Zhang, J., Meng, L., Yue, J., Angunawela, I., … Li, Y. (2021). Polymerized small molecular acceptor based all-polymer solar cells with an efficiency of 16.16% via tuning polymer blend morphology by molecular design. NATURE COMMUNICATIONS, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-25638-9

Jiang, K., Zhang, J., Peng, Z., Lin, F., Wu, S., Li, Z., … Jen, A. K.-Y. (2021). Pseudo-bilayer architecture enables high-performance organic solar cells with enhanced exciton diffusion length. NATURE COMMUNICATIONS, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-20791-z

Xu, G., Xue, R., Stuard, S. J., Ade, H., Zhang, C., Yao, J., … Li, Y. (2021). Reducing Energy Disorder of Hole Transport Layer by Charge Transfer Complex for High Performance p-i-n Perovskite Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS, 33(13). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202006753

Yu, H., Pan, M., Sun, R., Agunawela, I., Zhang, J., Li, Y., … Yan, H. (2021). Regio-Regular Polymer Acceptors Enabled by Determined Fluorination on End Groups for All-Polymer Solar Cells with 15.2 % Efficiency. ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION, 60(18), 10137–10146. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202016284

Arneson, C., Huang, X., Huang, X., Fan, D., Gao, M., Ye, L., … Forrest, S. R. (2021). Relationship between charge transfer state electroluminescence and the degradation of organic photovoltaics. APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 118(6). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0037710

Balar, N., Rech, J. J., Siddika, S., Song, R., Schrickx, H. M., Sheikh, N., … Brendan T. O'Connor. (2021, October 8). Resolving the Molecular Origin of Mechanical Relaxations in Donor-Acceptor Polymer Semiconductors. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Vol. 32. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202105597

Marina, S., Gutierrez-Fernandez, E., Gutierrez, J., Gobbi, M., Ramos, N., Solano, E., … Martin, J. (2021, December 15). Semi-paracrystallinity in semi-conducting polymers. MATERIALS HORIZONS, Vol. 12. https://doi.org/10.1039/d1mh01349a

Nevola, D., Bataller, A., Kumar, A., Sridhar, S., Frick, J., O'Donnell, S., … Dougherty, D. B. (2021). Timescales of excited state relaxation in alpha-RuCl3 observed by time-resolved two-photon photoemission spectroscopy. PHYSICAL REVIEW B, 103(24). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.103.245105

Peng, Z., Ye, L., & Ade, H. (2021, December 1). Understanding, quantifying, and controlling the molecular ordering of semiconducting polymers: from novices to experts and amorphous to perfect crystals. MATERIALS HORIZONS, Vol. 12. https://doi.org/10.1039/d0mh00837k

Peng, Z., Balar, N., Ghasemi, M., & Ade, H. (2021). Upper and Apparent Lower Critical Solution Temperature Branches in the Phase Diagram of Polymer:Small Molecule Semiconducting Systems. JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS, 12(44), 10845–10853. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02848

Zhang, B., Yu, Y., Zhou, J., Wang, Z., Tang, H., Xie, S., … Cao, Y. (2020). 3,4-Dicyanothiophene-a Versatile Building Block for Efficient Nonfullerene Polymer Solar Cells. ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS, 10(12). https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201904247

Jiang, C., Huang, X., Sun, B., Li, Y., Gao, M., Ye, L., … Fan, J. (2020). A 3D nonfullerene electron acceptor with a 9,9 ' -bicarbazole backbone for high -efficiency organic solar cells. ORGANIC ELECTRONICS, 84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2020.105784

Ravishankar, E., Booth, R. E., Saravitz, C., Sederoff, H., Ade, H. W., & Brendan T. O'Connor. (2020). Achieving Net Zero Energy Greenhouses by Integrating Semitransparent Organic Solar Cells. JOULE, 4(2), 490–506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2019.12.018

Chen, Y., Bai, F., Peng, Z., Zhu, L., Zhang, J., Zou, X., … Yan, H. (2021). Asymmetric Alkoxy and Alkyl Substitution on Nonfullerene Acceptors Enabling High-Performance Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS, 11(3). https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202003141

Guo, Q., Lin, J., Liu, H., Dong, X., Guo, X., Ye, L., … Li, Y. (2020). Asymmetrically noncovalently fused-ring acceptor for high-efficiency organic solar cells with reduced voltage loss and excellent thermal stability. NANO ENERGY, 74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.104861

Szymanski, R., Henry, R., Stuard, S., Vongsaysy, U., Courtel, S., Vellutini, L., … Wantz, G. (2020). Balanced Charge Transport Optimizes Industry-Relevant Ternary Polymer Solar Cells. SOLAR RRL, 4(11). https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202000538

Szymanski, R., Henry, R., Stuard, S., Vongsaysy, U., Courtel, S., Vellutini, L., … Wantz, G. (2020). Balanced Charge Transport Optimizes Industry‐Relevant Ternary Polymer Solar Cells. Solar RRL, 4(11), 2070111. https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202070111

Wu, J., Fan, Q., Xiong, M., Wang, Q., Chen, K., Liu, H., … Zhang, M. (2021). Carboxylate substituted pyrazine: A simple and low-cost building block for novel wide bandgap polymer donor enables 15.3% efficiency in organic solar cells. NANO ENERGY, 82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.105679

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He, X., Collins, B. A., Watts, B., Ade, H., & McNeill, C. R. (2012). Studying Polymer/Fullerene Intermixing and Miscibility in Laterally Patterned Films with X-Ray Spectromicroscopy. SMALL, 8(12), 1920–1927. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201102382

Cochran, J. E., Amir, E., Sivanandan, K., Ku, S.-Y., Seo, J. H., Collins, B. A., … Chabinyc, M. L. (2013). Synthesis, solid-state, and charge-transport properties of conjugated polythiophene-S,S-dioxides. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS, 51(1), 48–56. https://doi.org/10.1002/polb.23167

Bartelt, J. A., Beiley, Z. M., Hoke, E. T., Mateker, W. R., Douglas, J. D., Collins, B. A., … McGehee, M. D. (2013). The Importance of Fullerene Percolation in the Mixed Regions of Polymer-Fullerene Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells. ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS, 3(3), 364–374. https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201200637

Watts, B., Swaraj, S., Nordlund, D., Lüning, J., & Ade, H. (2011). Calibrated NEXAFS spectra of common conjugated polymers. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 134(2), 024702. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3506636

Yan, H., Collins, B. A., Gann, E., Wang, C., Ade, H., & McNeill, C. R. (2012). Correlating the Efficiency and Nanomorphology of Polymer Blend Solar Cells Utilizing Resonant Soft X-ray Scattering. ACS NANO, 6(1), 677–688. https://doi.org/10.1021/nn204150f

Wang, C., Lee, D. H., Hexemer, A., Kim, M. I., Zhao, W., Hasegawa, H., … Russell, T. P. (2011). Defining the Nanostructured Morphology of Triblock Copolymers Using Resonant Soft X-ray Scattering. NANO LETTERS, 11(9), 3906–3911. https://doi.org/10.1021/nl2020526

Collins, B. A., Li, Z., McNeill, C. R., & Ade, H. (2011). Fullerene-Dependent Miscibility in the Silole-Containing Copolymer PSBTBT-08. MACROMOLECULES, 44(24), 9747–9751. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma201883a

Yan, H., Wang, C., Garcia, A., Swaraj, S., Gu, Z., McNeill, C. R., … Ade, H. (2011, November 15). Interfaces in organic devices studied with resonant soft x-ray reflectivity. JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, Vol. 110. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3661991

Collins, B. A., Tumbleston, J. R., & Ade, H. (2011). Miscibility, Crystallinity, and Phase Development in P3HT/PCBM Solar Cells: Toward an Enlightened Understanding of Device Morphology and Stability. JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS, 2(24), 3135–3145. https://doi.org/10.1021/jz2014902

Kilcoyne, D., Ade, H., Attwood, D., Hitchcock, A., McKean, P., Mitchell, G., … Wilkins, S. (2010). A new Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscope at the ALS for operation up to 2500eV. Presented at the SRI 2009, 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3463241

Jeong, S., Kwon, Y., Choi, B.-D., Ade, H., & Han, Y. S. (2010). Improved efficiency of bulk heterojunction poly(3-hexylthiophene):[6,6]-phenyl-C-61-butyric acid methyl ester photovoltaic devices using discotic liquid crystal additives. APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 96(18). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3395391

Yan, H., Swaraj, S., Wang, C., Hwang, I., Greenham, N. C., Groves, C., … McNeill, C. R. (2010). Influence of Annealing and Interfacial Roughness on the Performance of Bilayer Donor/Acceptor Polymer Photovoltaic Devices. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, 20(24), 4329–4337. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201001292

Collins, B. A., Gann, E., Guignard, L., He, X., McNeill, C. R., & Ade, H. (2010). Molecular Miscibility of Polymer-Fullerene Blends. JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS, 1(21), 3160–3166. https://doi.org/10.1021/jz101276h

Swaraj, S., Wang, C., Yan, H., Watts, B., Lüning Jan, McNeill, C. R., & Ade, H. (2010). Nanomorphology of Bulk Heterojunction Photovoltaic Thin Films Probed with Resonant Soft X-ray Scattering. Nano Letters, 10(8), 2863–2869. https://doi.org/10.1021/nl1009266

Wang, Y., Zou, Y., Araki, T., Luening, J., Kilcoyne, A. L. D., Sokolov, J., … Rafailovich, M. (2010). Probing the Chain and Crystal Lattice Orientation in Polyethylene Thin Films by Near Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (NEXAFS) Spectroscopy. MACROMOLECULES, 43(19), 8153–8161. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma101213h

Ade, H. (2010). Quantitative Soft X-ray Microscopy of Soft Matter. Microscopy and Microanalysis, 16(S2), 888–889. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927610058174

Hub, C., Wenzel, S., Raabe, J., Ade, H., & Fink, R. H. (2010). Surface sensitivity in scanning transmission x-ray microspectroscopy using secondary electron detection. REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS, 81(3). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3360813

Zhang, W., Lin, M., Winesett, A., Dhez, O., Kilcoyne, A. L., Ade, H., … Frisch, H. L. (2011, January). The use of functionalized nanoparticles as non-specific compatibilizers for polymer blends. POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES, Vol. 22, pp. 65–71. https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.1875

Watts, B., Belcher, W. J., Thomsen, L., Ade, H., & Dastoor, P. C. (2009). A Quantitative Study of PCBM Diffusion during Annealing of P3HT: PCBM Blend Films. MACROMOLECULES, 42(21), 8392–8397. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma901444u

Ade, H., Wang, C., Garcia, A., Yan, H., Sohn, K. E., Hexemer, A., … Kramer, E. J. (2009). Characterization of multicomponent polymer trilayers with resonant soft X-ray reflectivity. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, 47(13), 1291–1299. https://doi.org/10.1002/polb.21730

McNeill, C. R., Watts, B., Thomsen, L., Belcher, W. J., Greenham, N. C., Dastoor, P. C., & Ade, H. (2009). Evolution of Laterally Phase-Separated Polyfluorene Blend Morphology Studied by X-ray Spectromicroscopy. MACROMOLECULES, 42(9), 3347–3352. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma801816r

Fujii, S., Dupin, D., Araki, T., Armes, S. P., & Ade, H. (2009). First Direct Imaging of Electrolyte-Induced Deswelling Behavior of pH-Responsive Microgels in Aqueous Media Using Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscopy. LANGMUIR, 25(5), 2588–2592. https://doi.org/10.1021/la804212y

Martin, Z., Jimenez, I., Angeles Gomez, M., Ade, H., & Kilcoyne, D. A. (2010). Interfacial Interactions in PP/MMT/SEBS Nanocomposites. MACROMOLECULES, 43(1), 448–453. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma901952p

Wang, C., Garcia, A., Yan, H. P., Sohn, K. E., Hexemer, A., Nguyen, T. Q., … Ade, H. (2009). Interfacial widths of conjugated polymer bilayers. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 131(35), 12538-. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja905293m

Ade, H., Watts, B., Swaraj, S., McNeill, C., Thomsen, L., Belcher, W., & Dastoor, P. C. (2009). NEXAFS microscopy of polymeric materials: Successes and challenges encountered when characterizing organic devices. 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON X-RAY MICROSCOPY, Vol. 186. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/186/1/012102

Ade, H., & Stoll, H. (2009). Near-edge X-ray absorption fine-structure microscopy of organic and magnetic materials. Nature Materials, 8(4), 281–290. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat2399

Burke, K. B., Belcher, W. J., Thomsen, L., Watts, B., McNeill, C. R., Ade, H., & Dastoor, P. C. (2009). Role of Solvent Trapping Effects in Determining the Structure and Morphology of Ternary Blend Organic Devices. MACROMOLECULES, 42(8), 3098–3103. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma802632y

Watts, B., Queen, D., Kilcoyne, A. L. D., Tyliszczak, T., Hellman, F., & Ade, H. (2009). Soft X-Ray Beam Induced Current Technique. 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON X-RAY MICROSCOPY, Vol. 186. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/186/1/012023

Martin, Z., Jimenez, I., Angeles Gomez, M., Ade, H. W., Kilcoyne, D. A., & Hernadez-Cruz, D. (2009). Spectromicroscopy Study of Intercalation and Exfoliation in Polypropylene/Montmorillonite Nanocomposites. JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B, 113(32), 11160–11165. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp9049999

Meyer, A., & Ade, H. (2009). The effect of angle of incidence on the optical field distribution within thin film organic solar cells. JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, 106(11). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3253718

Swaraj, S., Wang, C., Araki, T., Mitchell, G., Liu, L., Gaynor, S., … Ade, H. (2009). The utility of resonant soft x-ray scattering and reflectivity for the nanoscale characterization of polymers. EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL-SPECIAL TOPICS, 167, 121–126. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjst/e2009-00946-3

McNeill, C. R., Watts, B., Swaraj, S., Ade, H., Thomsen, L., Belcher, W., & Dastoor, P. C. (2008). Evolution of the nanomorphology of photovoltaic polyfluorene blends: sub-100 nm resolution with x-ray spectromicroscopy. NANOTECHNOLOGY, 19(42). https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/19/42/424015

Cody, G. D., Alexander, C. M. O. D., Yabuta, H., Kilcoyne, A. L. D., Araki, T., Ade, H., … Mysen, B. O. (2008). Organic thermometry for chondritic parent bodies. EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS, 272(1-2), 446–455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2008.05.008

Raabe, J., Tzvetkov, G., Flechsig, U., Boege, M., Jaggi, A., Sarafimov, B., … Quitmann, C. (2008). PolLux: A new facility for soft x-ray spectromicroscopy at the Swiss Light Source. REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS, 79(11). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3021472

Cody, G. D., Ade, H., Alexander, C. M. O. D., Araki, T., Butterworth, A., Fleckenstein, H., … Yabuta, H. (2008). Quantitative organic and light-element analysis of comet 81P/Wild 2 particles using C-, N-, and O-mu-XANES. METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE, 43(1-2), 353–365. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1945-5100.2008.tb00627.x

Ade, H. (2008). X-ray Microscopy of Soft Matter. Microscopy and Microanalysis, 14(S2), 58–59. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927608084092

Watts, B., & Ade, H. (2008). A simple method for determining linear polarization and energy calibration of focused soft X-ray beams. JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA, 162(2), 49–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elspec.2007.08.008

Harton, S. E., Zhu, Z., Stevie, F. A., Aoyama, Y., & Ade, H. (2007). Carbon-13 labeling for quantitative analysis of molecular movement in heterogeneous organic materials using secondary ion mass spectrometry. ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, 79(14), 5358–5363. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac070437q

Hub, C., Harton, S. E., Hunt, M. A., Fink, R., & Ade, H. (2007). Influence of sample preparation and processing on observed glass transition temperatures of polymer nanocomposites. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS, 45(16), 2270–2276. https://doi.org/10.1002/polb.21249

Harton, S. E., Zhu, Z., Stevie, F. A., Griffis, D. P., & Ade, H. (2007). Mass fractionation of carbon and hydrogen secondary ions upon Cs+ and O-2(+) bombardment of organic materials. JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A, 25(3), 480–484. https://doi.org/10.1116/1.2718957

Ade, H., & Hitchcock, A. P. (2008). [Review of NEXAFS microscopy and resonant scattering: Composition and orientation probed in real and reciprocal space]. POLYMER, 49(3), 643–675. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2007.10.030

Wang, C., Araki, T., Watts, B., Harton, S., Koga, T., Basu, S., & Ade, H. (2007). Resonant soft x-ray reflectivity of organic thin films. JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A, 25(3), 575–586. https://doi.org/10.1116/1.2731352

McNeill, C. R., Watts, B., Thomsen, L., Ade, H., Greenham, N. C., & Dastoor, P. C. (2007). X-ray microscopy of photovoltaic polyfluorene blends: Relating nanomorphology to device performance. MACROMOLECULES, 40(9), 3263–3270. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma070132d

Hoedl, S. A., Young, A. R., Ade, H., & Lozano, A. (2006). An electron transparent proton detector for neutron decay studies. JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, 99(8), 084904. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2186970

Harton, S. E., Stevie, F. A., Zhu, Z., & Ade, H. (2006). Carbon-13 labeled polymers: An alternative tracer for depth profiling of polymer films and multilayers using secondary ion mass spectrometry. ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, 78(10), 3452–3460. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac060133o

Harton, S. E., Stevie, F. A., & Ade, H. (2006). Carbon-13 labeling for improved tracer depth profiling of organic materials using secondary ion mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY, 17(8), 1142–1145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasms.2006.03.018

Harton, S. E., Stevie, F. A., Zhu, Z., & Ade, H. (2006). Changes in Thermodynamic Interactions at Highly Immiscible Polymer/Polymer Interfaces due to Deuterium Labeling. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 110(22), 10602–10605. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp061811d

Si, M., Araki, T., Ade, H., Kilcoyne, A. L. D., Fisher, R., Sokolov, J. C., & Rafailovich, M. H. (2006). Compatibilizing bulk polymer blends by using organoclays. MACROMOLECULES, 39(14), 4793–4801. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma060125+

Ennis, D., Betz, H., & Ade, H. (2006). Direct spincasting of polystyrene thin films onto poly(methyl methacrylate). JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS, 44(22), 3234–3244. https://doi.org/10.1002/polb.20976

Harton, S. E., Stevie, F. A., & Ade, H. (2006). Investigation of the effects of isotopic labeling, at a PS/PMMA interface using SIMS and mean-field theory. MACROMOLECULES, 39(4), 1639–1645. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma052236z

Harton, S. E., Luning, J., Betz, H., & Ade, H. (2006). Polystyrene/poly(methyl methacrylate) blends in the presence of cyclohexane: Selective solvent washing or equilibrium adsorption? MACROMOLECULES, 39(22), 7729–7733. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma061401n

Araki, T., Ade, H., Stubbs, J. M., Sundberg, D. C., Mitchell, G. E., Kortright, J. B., & Kilcoyne, A. L. D. (2006). Resonant soft x-ray scattering from structured polymer nanoparticles. Applied Physics Letters, 89(12). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2356306

Harton, S. E., Stevie, F. A., Griffis, D. P., & Ade, H. (2006, July 30). SIMS depth profiling of deuterium labeled polymers in polymer multilayers. APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE, Vol. 252, pp. 7224–7227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2006.02.146

Zou, Y., Araki, T., Appel, G., Kilcoyne, A. L. D., & Ade, H. (2006). Solid state effects in the NEXAFS spectra of alkane-based van der Waals crystals: Breakdown of molecular model. CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS, 430(4-6), 287–292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2006.08.110

Wang, Y., Rafailovich, M., Sokolov, J., Gersappe, D., Araki, T., Zou, Y., … Lustiger, A. (2006). Substrate effect on the melting temperature of thin polyethylene films. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, 96(2). https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.96.028303

Lucovsky, G., Hong, J. G., Fulton, C. C., Stoute, N. A., Zou, Y., Nemanich, R. J., … Schlom, D. G. (2005). Conduction band states of transition metal (TM) high-k gate dielectrics as determined from X-ray absorption spectra. MICROELECTRONICS RELIABILITY, Vol. 45, pp. 827–830. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microrel.2004.11.038

Lucovsky, G., Fulton, C. C., Zhang, Y., Zou, Y., Luning, J., Edge, L. F., … Rogers, B. R. (2005). Conduction band-edge states associated with the removal of d-state degeneracies by the Jahn-Teller effect. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DEVICE AND MATERIALS RELIABILITY, 5(1), 65–83. https://doi.org/10.1109/TDMR.2005.845804

Ge, S., Rafailovich, M., Sokolov, J., Zou, Y., Ade, H., Lüning, J., … Marom, G. (2005). Crystallization in the Thin and Ultrathin Films of Poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) and Linear Low-Density Polyethylene. Macromolecules, 38(5), 2022–2022. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma0501601

Harton, S. E., Stevie, F. A., & Ade, H. (2005). Diffusion-controlled reactive coupling at polymer-polymer interfaces. MACROMOLECULES, 38(9), 3543–3546. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma047421b

Fujii, S., Armes, S. P., Araki, T., & Ade, H. (2005). Direct imaging and spectroscopic characterization of stimulus-responsive microgels. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, 127(48), 16808–16809. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja056589p

Lucovsky, G., Zhang, Y., Fulton, C. C., Zou, Y., Nemanich, R. J., Ade, H., & Whitten, J. L. (2005, June). Final state effects in VUV and soft X-ray absorption spectra of transition metal oxides and silicate alloys: comparisons between experiment and ab initio calculations. JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA, Vol. 144, pp. 917–919. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elspec.2005.01.251

Harton, S. E., Koga, T., Stevie, F. A., Araki, T., & Ade, H. (2005). Investigation of blend miscibility of a ternary PS/PCHMA/PMMA system using SIMS and mean-field theory. MACROMOLECULES, 38(25), 10511–10515. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma051595r

Harton, S. E., Stevie, F. A., Spontak, R. J., Koga, T., Rafailovich, M. H., Sokolov, J. C., & Ade, H. (2005). Low-temperature reactive coupling at polymer–polymer interfaces facilitated by supercritical CO2. Polymer, 46(23), 10173–10179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2005.07.085

Wang, C., Araki, T., & Ade, H. (2005). Soft x-ray resonant reflectivity of low-Z material thin films. APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 87(21). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2136353

Fulton, C. C., Lucovsky, G., Zhang, Y., Zou, Y., Nemanich, R. J., Ade, H., & Whitten, J. L. (2005, June). Studies of the coupling of final d*-states in mixed Hf and Ti oxides (HfO2)(x)(TiOx)(1-x) and other complex oxides. JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA, Vol. 144, pp. 913–916. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elspec.2005.01.098

Wang, Y., Ge, S., Rafailovich, M., Sokolov, J., Zou, Y., Ade, H., … Maron, G. (2004). Crystallization in the thin and ultrathin films of poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) and linear low-density polyethylene. MACROMOLECULES, 37(9), 3319–3327. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma030456b

Tyliszczak, T., Kilcoyne, A. L. D., Liddle, J. A., Warwick, T., Hitchcock, A. P., Ade, H., & Shuh, D. K. (2004). Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscopes at the Advanced Light Source: Performance and Experimental Capabilities. Microscopy and Microanalysis, 10(S02), 1018–1019. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927604883855

Yang, W. C., Ade, H., & Nemanich, R. J. (2004). Shape stability of TiSi2 islands on Si (111). JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, 95(3), 1572–1576. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1636526

Lucovsky, G., Hong, J. G., Fulton, C. C., Zou, Y., Nemanich, R. J., Ade, H., … Freeouf, J. L. (2004, August). Spectroscopic studies of metal high-k dielectrics: transition metal oxides and silicates, and complex rare earth/transition metal oxides. PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS, Vol. 241, pp. 2221–2235. https://doi.org/10.1002/pssb.200404938

Yang, W. C., Ade, H., & Nemanich, R. J. (2004). Stability and dynamics of Pt-Si liquid microdroplets on Si(001). PHYSICAL REVIEW B, 69(4). https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.69.045421

Ade, H., Zou, Y., Kilcoyne, A. D. L., Wang, Y., Rafailovich, M., & Sokolov, J. (2004). X-ray Linear Dichroism Microscopy of Crystalline Short Chain Alkanes and Semi-crystalline Polyethylene Thin Films. Microscopy and Microanalysis, 10(S02), 1020–1021. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927604881595

Lucovsky, G., Hong, J. G., Fulton, C. C., Zou, Y., Nemanich, R. J., & Ade, H. (2004). X-ray absorption spectra for transition metal high-kappa dielectrics: Final state differences for intra- and inter-atomic transitions. JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B, Vol. 22, pp. 2132–2138. https://doi.org/10.1116/1.1771670

Winesett, D. A., Ade, H., Smith, A. P., Urquhart, S. G., Dias, A. J., & Stevens, P. (2003). Application of scanning transmission X-ray microscopy to the rubber industry. RUBBER CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY, 76(4), 803–811. https://doi.org/10.5254/1.3547773

Yang, W. C., Zeman, M., Ade, H., & Nemanich, R. J. (2003). Attractive migration and coalescence: A significant process in the coarsening of TiSi2 islands on the Si(111) surface. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, 90(13). https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.90.136102

Lucovsky, G., Raynor, G. B., Zhang, Y., Fulton, C. C., Nemanich, R. J., Appel, G., … Whitten, J. L. (2003, May 15). Electronic structure of transition metal high-k dielectrics: interfacial band offset energies for microelectronic devices. APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE, Vol. 212, pp. 563–569. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-4332(03)00055-2

Kilcoyne, A. L. D., Tyliszczak, T., Steele, W. F., Fakra, S., Hitchcock, P., Franck, K., … Ade, H. (2003). Interferometer-controlled scanning transmission X-ray microscopes at the Advanced Light Source. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION, 10(2003 Mar), 125–136. https://doi.org/10.1107/S0909049502017739

Appel, G., Ade, H., Guerek, A. G., Stadler, S., Mikalo, R. P., & Schmeisser, D. (2003). Orientation studies of Si-phthalocyanine sulfonic acids cast on SiOx substrates. APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING, 76(2), 177–182. https://doi.org/10.1007/s003390201320

Ade, H., Kilcoyne, A. L. D., Tyliszczak, T., Hitchcock, P., Anderson, E., Harteneck, B., … Warwick, T. (2003, March). Scanning transmission X-ray microscopy at a bending magnet beamline at the Advanced Light Source. JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV, Vol. 104, pp. 3–8. https://doi.org/10.1051/jp4:200300017

Harris, M., Appel, G., & Ade, H. (2003). Surface morphology of annealed polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate) thin film blends and bilayers. MACROMOLECULES, 36(9), 3307–3314. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma0257043

Scholl, A., Fink, R., Umbach, E., Mitchell, G. E., Urquhart, S. G., & Ade, H. (2003). Towards a detailed understanding of the NEXAFS spectra of bulk polyethylene copolymers and related alkanes. CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS, 370(5-6), 834–841. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2614(03)00215-X

Winesett, D. A., Story, S., Luning, J., & Ade, H. (2003). Tuning substrate surface energies for blends of polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate). LANGMUIR, 19(20), 8526–8535. https://doi.org/10.1021/la030129x

Zhang, W., Ge, S., Wang, Y., Rafailovich, M. H., Dhez, O., Winesett, D. A., … Sokolov, J. (2003). Use of functionalized WS2 nanotubes to produce new polystyrene/polymethylmethacrylate nanocomposites. POLYMER, 44(7), 2109–2115. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0032-3861(03)00053-3

Warwick, T., Ade, H., Kilcoyne, D., Kritscher, M., Tylisczcak, T., Fakra, S., … Padmore, H. (2002). A new bend-magnet beamline for scanning transmission X-ray microscopy at the Advanced Light Source. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION, 9(2002 Jul), 254–257. https://doi.org/10.1107/S0909049502005502

Dhez, O., Ade, H., & Urquhart, S. G. (2003). Calibrated NEXAFS spectra of some common polymers. JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA, 128(1), 85–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0368-2048(02)00237-2

Coffey, T., Urquhart, S. G., & Ade, H. (2002). Characterization of the effects of soft X-ray irradiation on polymers. JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA, 122(1), 65–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0368-2048(01)00342-5

Zhang, W. H., Fu, B. X., Seo, Y., Schrag, E., Hsiao, B., Mather, P. T., … Sokolov, J. (2002). Effect of methyl methacrylate/polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane random copolymers in compatibilization of polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate) blends. MACROMOLECULES, 35(21), 8029–8038. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma020725i

Lucovsky, G., Zhang, Y., Rayner, G. B., Appel, G., Ade, H., & Whitten, J. L. (2002). Electronic structure of high-k transition metal oxides and their silicate and aluminate alloys. Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology. B, Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures, 20(4), 1739–1747.

Rightor, E. G., Urquhart, S. G., Hitchcock, A. P., Ade, H., Smith, A. P., Mitchell, G. E., … Lidy, W. E. (2002). Identification and quantitation of urea precipitates in flexible polyurethane foam formulations by X-ray spectromicroscopy. MACROMOLECULES, 35(15), 5873–5882. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma0122627

Urquhart, S. G., & Ade, H. (2002). Trends in the carbonyl core (C 1s, O 1s) -> pi*c=o transition in the near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectra of organic molecules. JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B, 106(34), 8531–8538. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp0255379

Smith, A. P., Ade, H., Smith, S. D., Koch, C. C., & Spontak, R. J. (2001). Anomalous phase inversion in polymer blends prepared by cryogenic mechanical alloying. MACROMOLECULES, 34(6), 1536–1538. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma001151p

Smith, A. P., Ade, H., Koch, C. C., & Spontak, R. J. (2001). Cryogenic mechanical alloying as an alternative strategy for the recycling of tires. POLYMER, 42(9), 4453–4457. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0032-3861(00)00804-1

Zhang, Y. M., Ge, S., Tang, B., Koga, T., Rafailovich, M. H., Sokolov, J. C., … Nguyen, D. (2001). Effect of carbon black and silica fillers in elastomer blends. MACROMOLECULES, 34(20), 7056–7065. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma010183p

Lucovsky, G., Rayner, G. B., Kang, D., Appel, G., Johnson, R. S., Zhang, Y., … Whitten, J. L. (2001). Electronic structure of noncrystalline transition metal silicate and aluminate alloys. APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 79(12), 1775–1777. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1404997

Zhang, Y. M., Li, W., Tang, B., Ge, S., Hu, X., Rafailovich, M. H., … Ade, H. (2001). Interfacial properties of elastomer blends as studied by neutron reflectivity. POLYMER, 42(21), 9133–9141. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0032-3861(01)00370-6

Sloop, C. C., Ade, H., Fornes, R. E., Gilbert, R. D., & Smith, A. P. (2001). Near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) microscopy of a polycarbonate/poly (acrylonitrile/butadiene/styrene) blend. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS, 39(5), 531–535. https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-0488(20010301)39:5<531::AID-POLB1026>3.0.CO;2-Q

Smith, A. P., Spontak, R. J., & Ade, H. (2001). On the similarity of macromolecular responses to high-energy processes: mechanical milling vs. irradiation. POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY, 72(3), 519–524. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-3910(01)00055-6

Hitchcock, A. P., Koprinarov, I., Tyliszczak, T., Rightor, E. G., Mitchell, G. E., Dineen, M. T., … Ade, H. (2001). Optimization of scanning transmission X-ray microscopy for the identification and quantitation of reinforcing particles in polyurethanes. ULTRAMICROSCOPY, 88(1), 33–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3991(00)00113-3

Mitchell, G. E., Wilson, L. R., Dineen, M. T., Urquhart, S. G., Hayes, F., Rightor, E. G., … Ade, H. (2002). Quantitative characterization of microscopic variations in the cross-link density of gels. MACROMOLECULES, 35(4), 1336–1341. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma010840d

Smith, A. P., Urquhart, S. G., Winesett, D. A., Mitchell, G., & Ade, H. (2001). Use of near edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectromicroscopy to characterize multicomponent polymeric systems. Applied Spectroscopy, 55(12), 1676–1681. https://doi.org/10.1366/0003702011954008

Morin, C., Ikeura-Sekiguchi, H., Tyliszczak, T., Cornelius, R., Brash, J. L., Hitchcock, A. P., … Ade, H. (2001). X-ray spectromicroscopy of immiscible polymer blends: polystyrene-poly(methyl methacrylate). Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena, 121(1-3), 203–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0368-2048(01)00335-8

Smith, A. P., Ade, H., Koch, C. C., Smith, S. D., & Spontak, R. J. (2000). Addition of a block copolymer to polymer blends produced by cryogenic mechanical alloying. MACROMOLECULES, 33(4), 1163–1172. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma9915475

Mitchell, G., Wilson, L. R., Rightor, E. G., Dineen, M. T., Hayes, F., Urquhart, S., … Ade, H. (2000). Characterization of microscopic variation in crosslink density in polymer gels using scanning transmission X-ray microscopy. In D. B. Williams & R. Shimizu (Eds.), Microbeam Analysis 2000: proceedings of the Second Conference of the International Union of Microbeam Analysis Societies held in Kailua-Kona, Hawaii, 9-14 July 2000 (Vol. 165, pp. 113–114). Bristol: Institute of Physics Publishing.

Urquhart, S. G., Ade, H., Rafailovich, M., Sokolov, J. S., & Zhang, Y. (2000). Chemical and vibronic effects in the high-resolution near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectra of polystyrene isotopomers. Chemical Physics Letters, 322(5), 412–418. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0009-2614(00)00441-3

Smith, A. P., Ade, H., Balik, C. M., Koch, C. C., Smith, S. D., & Spontak, R. J. (2000). Cryogenic mechanical alloying of poly(methyl methacrylate) with polyisoprene and poly(ethylene-alt-propylene). MACROMOLECULES, 33(7), 2595–2604. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma991453v

Slep, D., Asselta, J., Rafailovich, M. H., Sokolov, J., Winesett, D. A., Smith, A. P., … Anders, S. (2000). Effect of an interactive surface on the equilibrium contact angles in bilayer polymer films. LANGMUIR, 16(5), 2369–2375. https://doi.org/10.1021/la990031b

Smith, A. P., Shay, J. S., Spontak, R. J., Balik, C. M., Ade, H., Smith, S. D., & Koch, C. C. (2000). High-energy mechanical milling of poly(methyl methacrylate), polyisoprene and poly(ethylene-alt-propylene). POLYMER, 41(16), 6271–6283. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0032-3861(99)00830-7

Winn, B., Ade, H., Buckley, C., Feser, M., Howells, M., Hulbert, S., … Zhang, H. (2000). Illumination for coherent soft X-ray applications: the new X1A beamline at the NSLS. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION, 7(2000 Nov.), 395–404. https://doi.org/10.1107/S0909049500012942

Ade, H. (2000). Quantitation of composition in inhomogeneous polymers with NEXAFS microscopy. In D. B. Williams & R. Shimizu (Eds.), Microbeam Analysis 2000: proceedings of the Second Conference of the International Union of Microbeam Analysis Societies held in Kailua-Kona, Hawaii, 9-14 July 2000 (Vol. 165, pp. 109–110). Bristol: Institute of Physics Publishing.

Rightor, E., Urquhart, S., Hitchcock, A., Ade, H., Mitchell, G., Dineen, M. T., … Lidy, W. (2000). Segregated phases in flexible polyurethanes by x-ray spectromicroscopy. In D. B. Williams & R. Shimizu (Eds.), Microbeam Analysis 2000: proceedings of the Second Conference of the International Union of Microbeam Analysis Societies held in Kailua-Kona, Hawaii, 9-14 July 2000 (Vol. 165, pp. 111–112). Bristol: Institute of Physics Publishing.

Winesett, D. A., Ade, H., Sokolov, J., Rafailovich, M., & Zhu, S. (2000). Substrate dependence of morphology in thin film polymer blends of polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate). Polymer International, 49(5), 458–462. https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0126(200005)49:5<458::aid-pi373>3.0.co;2-5

Smith, A. P., Spontak, R., Koch, C. C., Smith, S. D., & Ade, H. (2000). Temperature-induced morphological evolution in polymer blends produced by cryogenic mechanical alloying. Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, 274(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1439-2054(20000101)274:1<1::aid-mame1>3.3.co;2-r

Winesett, D. A., Zhu, S., Sokolov, J., Rafailovich, M., & Ade, H. (2000, December). Time-temperature superposition of phase separating polymer blend films. HIGH PERFORMANCE POLYMERS, Vol. 12, pp. 599–602. https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-0083/12/4/315

Zhu, S., Liu, Y., Rafailovich, M. H., Sokolov, J., Gersappe, D., Winesett, D. A., & Ade, H. (1999). Confinement-induced miscibility in polymer blends. Nature, 400(6739), 49–51.

Smith, A. P., Spontak, R. J., Ade, H., Smith, S. D., & Koch, C. C. (1999). High-energy cryogenic blending and compatibilizing of immiscible polymers. ADVANCED MATERIALS, 11(15), 1277-+. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1521-4095(199910)11:15<1277::AID-ADMA1277>3.0.CO;2-9

Nemanich, R. J., English, S. L., Hartman, J. D., Sowers, A. T., Ward, B. L., Ade, H., & Davis, R. F. (1999, May). Imaging electron emission from diamond and III-V nitride surfaces with photo-electron emission microscopy. APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE, Vol. 146, pp. 287–294. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-4332(99)00021-5

Urquhart, S. G., Hitchcock, A. P., Smith, A. P., Ade, H. W., Lidy, W., Rightor, E. G., & Mitchell, G. E. (1999). NEXAFS spectromicroscopy of polymers: overview and quantitative analysis of polyurethane polymers. JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA, 100(1999 Oct.), 119–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0368-2048(99)00043-2

Urquhart, S. G., Smith, A. P., Ade, H. W., Hitchcock, A. P., Rightor, E. G., & Lidy, W. (1999). Near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy of MDI and TDI polyurethane polymers. JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B, 103(22), 4603–4610. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp990059w

Giebler, R., Schulz, B., Reiche, J., Brehmer, L., Wuhn, M., Woll, C., … Unger, W. E. S. (1999). Near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy on ordered films of an amphiphilic derivate of 2,5-diphenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole. LANGMUIR, 15(4), 1291–1298. https://doi.org/10.1021/la980888t

Ade, H., Winesett, D. A., Smith, A. P., Qu, S., Ge, S., Sokolov, J., & Rafailovich, M. (1999). Phase segregation in polymer thin films: Elucidations by X-ray and scanning force microscopy. EUROPHYSICS LETTERS, 45(4), 526–532. https://doi.org/10.1209/epl/i1999-00198-7

Ade, H., Yang, W., English, S. L., Hartman, J., Davis, R. F., Nemanich, R. J., … Madey, J. M. J. (1998). A free electron laser-photoemission electron microscope system (FEL-PEEM). SURFACE REVIEW AND LETTERS, 5(6), 1257–1268. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218625X98001596

Warwick, T., Franck, K., Kortright, J. B., Meigs, G., Moronne, M., Myneni, S., … Tonner, B. P. (1998). A scanning transmission x-ray microscope for materials science spectromicroscopy at the advanced light source. REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS, 69(8), 2964–2973. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1149041

Ade, H., Winesett, D. A., Smith, A. P., Anders, S., Stammler, T., Heske, C., … Stohr, J. (1998). Bulk and surface characterization of a dewetting thin film polymer bilayer. APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 73(25), 3775–3777. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.122891

Cody, G. D., Ade, H., Wirick, S., Mitchell, G. D., & Davis, A. (1998). Determination of chemical-structural changes in vitrinite accompanying luminescence alteration using C-NEXAFS analysis. ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY, 28(7-8), 441–455. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0146-6380(98)00010-2

Warwick, T., Ade, H., Cerasari, S., Denlinger, J., Franck, K., Garcia, A., … Tonner, B. P. (1998, May 1). Development of scanning X-ray microscopes for materials science spectromicroscopy at the Advanced Light Source. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION, Vol. 5, pp. 1090–1092. https://doi.org/10.1107/S0909049597014283

Nemanich, R. J., Baumann, P. K., Benjamin, M. C., Nam, O. H., Sowers, A. T., Ward, B. L., … Davis, R. F. (1998, June). Electron emission properties of crystalline diamond and III-nitride surfaces. APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE, Vol. 130, pp. 694–703. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0169-4332(98)00140-8

Slep, D., Asselta, J., Rafailovich, M. H., Sokolov, J., Winesett, D. A., Smith, A. P., … Sauer, B. B. (1998). Phase separation of polystyrene and bromo-polystyrene mixtures in equilibrium structures in thin films. LANGMUIR, 14(17), 4860–4864. https://doi.org/10.1021/la9804132

Smith, A. P., Bai, C., Ade, H., Spontak, R., Balik, C. M., & Koch, C. C. (1998). X-ray microscopy characterization of a thermoplastic / liquid crystalline polymer blend produced by mechanical alloying. Macromolecular Rapid Communications, 19(1998), 557. https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.1998.030191104

Yang, W., Jedema, F. J., Ade, H., & Nemanich, R. J. (1997, October 31). Correlation of morphology and electrical properties of nanoscale TiSi2 epitaxial islands on Si (001). THIN SOLID FILMS, Vol. 308, pp. 627–633. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-6090(97)00431-8

Urquhart, S. G., Hitchcock, A. P., Smith, A. P., Ade, H., & Rightor, E. G. (1997). Inner-shell excitation spectroscopy of polymer and monomer isomers of dimethyl phthalate. JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B, 101(13), 2267–2276. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp963419d

Warwick, T., Ade, H., Hitchcock, A. P., Padmore, H., Rightor, E. G., & Tonner, B. P. (1997). Soft x-ray spectromicroscopy development for materials science at the advanced light source. JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA, 84(1-3), 85–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0368-2048(97)00026-1

Rightor, E. G., Hitchcock, A. P., Ade, H., Leapman, R. D., Urquhart, S. G., Smith, A. P., … Warwick, T. (1997). Spectromicroscopy of poly(ethylene terephthalate): Comparison of spectra and radiation damage rates in x-ray absorption and electron energy loss. JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B, 101(11), 1950–1960. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp9622748

Ade, H. (1997). Spectromicroscopy: preface. Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena, 84(1-3), R9.

Smith, A. P., Laurer, J. H., Ade, H. W., Smith, S. D., Ashraf, A., & Spontak, R. J. (1997). X-ray microscopy and NEXAFS spectroscopy of macrophase-separated random block copolymer/homopolymer blends. MACROMOLECULES, 30(3), 663–666. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma9612687

Ade, H., Smith, A. P., Zhang, H., Zhuang, G. R., Kirz, J., Rightor, E., & Hitchcock, A. (1997). X-ray spectromicroscopy of polymers and tribological surfaces at beamline X1A at the NSLS. JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA, 84(1-3), 53–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0368-2048(97)00013-3

Ade, H., & Hsiao, B. (1993). X-ray Linear Dichroism Microscopy. Science, 262(5138), 1427–1429. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.262.5138.1427

Ade, H., Zhang, X., Cameron, S., Costello, C., Kirz, J., & Williams, S. (1992). Chemical contrast in X-ray microscopy and spatially resolved XANES spectroscopy of organic specimens. Science, 258(5084), 972–975. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1439809