@article{duin_montalban_joglekar_d'amico-willman_ritchie_fagen_huerta_2024, title={First Report of Bacterial Leaf Spot Disease on Sesame (<i>Sesamum indicum</i>) Caused by <i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> pv. <i>sesami</i> in North Carolina}, volume={6}, ISSN={["1943-7692"]}, DOI={10.1094/PDIS-02-24-0292-PDN}, abstractNote={In July 2022, dark brown to black, angular, water-soaked lesions were observed on sesame leaves (Sesamum indicum L.) in a research plot established to assess yield potential for eight varieties at the North Carolina (NC) Sandhills Research Station (Chavez 2023). Symptoms were indicative of a bacterial leaf spot (BLS). At early flowering stage, leaf spots were present on scattered plants; varieties ES108, SS3301, and ES201 exhibited up to 75% disease prevalence, with lower frequency in ES103, S39, S4302, S3251, and S3276. Symptomatic leaves from 3-4 plants were collected on four different dates from July through September. A section of symptomatic tissue was excised and macerated in sterile deionized water (SDW). A 10 µL aliquot was streaked onto SPA medium (15 g sucrose, 5.0 g proteose peptone, 0.50 g MgSO4 7H2O, 0.25 g K2HPO4, 15 g agar per liter of SDW) and incubated at 28ºC. After 72 h, numerous, smooth, white-cream colored, convex-shaped, colonies were individually isolated. Five randomly selected isolates from the different collection dates, designated as AHP108-AHP111 and AHP116, were genotyped. The 16S rRNA, gyrB, rpoD, and gapA genes were sequenced (Heuer et al. 1997; Hwang et al. 2005) and deposited to NCBI (GenBank Accessions: P213467- PP213470; OQ628040-OQ628042; PP214983-PP214994; and PP255798). These five isolates shared 100% sequence identity for gyrB and rpoD. AHP108-AHP111 shared 100% sequence identity for 16S rRNA and gapA, with 99.7% and 90.8% identity, respectively, for AHP116. A phylogenetic tree was inferred from a maximum-likelihood analysis of concatenated gyrB, rpoD, and gapA sequences of the five isolates and the top 11 hts from a blastn search of the NCBI nucleotide database. Those hits included closely related sequences from Pseudomonas syringae pv. sesami type strains ICMP 763T and ICMP 7459T. Based on this phylogenetic analysis AHP108-AHP111 and AHP116 are P. syringae pv. sesami. Recent genomic analysis suggests this pathovar is part of P. amygdali (Gomila et al. 2017), but an official name change has not been proposed. Each of the five isolates were infiltrated into leaves of sesame varieties ES108, ES103, and S327, consistently resulting in similar symptoms. Thus, strain AHP116, as a representative, was used to fulfill Koch's postulates using five, 30-day-old potted sesame plants (var. S3301). Plants were spray-inoculated with a bacterial suspension of ~108 CFU/ml until runoff; plants were incubated in moist chambers 24 h pre and post inoculation at 28ºC with 80% relative humidity and a 12 h photoperiod. At 13 days post inoculation, symptoms resembling those on plants at the Sandhills Research Stations in 2022 were evident. Reisolated bacteria were confirmed to be AHP116 through 16S rRNA and gyrB amplification and sequencing. No symptoms were observed on the five water-inoculated plants. BLS of sesame has been reported in Asia and is thought to be seedborne (Firdous et al. 2009; Prathuangwong and Yowabutra 1997). To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. syringae pv. sesami causing BLS on sesame in North Carolina. Sesame cultivation in the state increased from approximately 2,000 acres in 2022 to 13,000 acres in 2023 and there is interest in cultivating sesame as a rotational and alternative crop because it requires minimal input costs. Potential outbreaks of BLS in this warm, humid region could negatively affect sesame production, where little is known about the economic impact of the disease.}, journal={PLANT DISEASE}, author={Duin, Izabela Moura and Montalban, Kimberly M. and Joglekar, Prasanna and D'Amico-Willman, Katherine and Ritchie, David F. and Fagen, Jennie R. and Huerta, Alejandra I.}, year={2024}, month={Jun} }
 @article{bertoglio_duin_berte_teixeira_oliveira_leite jr_balbi-pena_2023, title={Activity of Brevibacillus brevis strain LABIM17 against Xanthomonas euvesicatoria pv. euvesicatoria and control of bacterial spot of tomato}, ISSN={["1861-3837"]}, DOI={10.1007/s41348-023-00738-4}, journal={JOURNAL OF PLANT DISEASES AND PROTECTION}, author={Bertoglio, Caroline and Duin, Izabela Moura and Berte, Rosiana and Teixeira, Gustavo Manoel and Oliveira, Admilton Goncalves and Leite Jr, Rui Pereira and Balbi-Pena, Maria Isabel}, year={2023}, month={Apr} }
 @article{bertoglio_duin_matos_ribeiro_leite jr_balbi-pena_2023, title={Comparative Study of Inoculation Methods to Determine the Aggressiveness of Xanthomonas citri pv. glycines Isolates and to Evaluate the Reaction of Soybean Cultivars to Bacterial Pustule}, volume={13}, ISSN={["2073-4395"]}, DOI={10.3390/agronomy13061515}, abstractNote={Bacterial pustule caused by Xanthomonas citri pv. glycines (syn. X. axonopodis pv. glycines) is an important bacterial disease for soybean production worldwide. Currently, the planting of resistant soybean cultivars is the main measure for control of the disease. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine the aggressiveness of different X. citri pv. glycines isolates and to establish a new protocol to evaluate the reaction of soybean cultivars to bacterial pustule under greenhouse conditions. The molecular analysis based on the entire 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the isolates GDM 01, GDM 02, 333 and 87-2 belong to the X. citri pv. glycines pathovar with 100% identity with the pathotype strain K29 of this bacterium. Differences in aggressiveness were observed among the X. citri pv. glycines isolates. There were differences in the reaction of the soybean cultivars to bacterial pustule, depending on the inoculation method. The isolates 333, GDM 01 and GDM 02 were the most aggressive, while 87-2 and GDM 03 were the least aggressive ones. The best conditions for inoculation of the soybean plants were in the V3 vegetative growth stage with the inoculum concentration of 108 CFU mL−1, and moist chamber for 24 h before and after inoculation. Spraying without injury was the quickest and most practical inoculation method to screen soybean genotypes for resistance to bacterial pustule in breeding programs. Further, this method of inoculation closely simulates the natural bacterial infection under field conditions and produces typical symptoms of the disease. The standard brush inoculation method overestimated disease severity, so we do not recommend this method for the evaluation of bacterial pustule resistance in soybean breeding programs.}, number={6}, journal={AGRONOMY-BASEL}, author={Bertoglio, Caroline and Duin, Izabela Moura and Matos, Janaina Netzel and Ribeiro, Neucimara Rodrigues and Leite Jr, Rui Pereira and Balbi-Pena, Maria Isabel}, year={2023}, month={Jun} }