@article{kim_holanda_gao_park_yiannikouris_2019, title={Efficacy of a Yeast Cell Wall Extract to Mitigate the Effect of Naturally Co-Occurring Mycotoxins Contaminating Feed Ingredients Fed to Young Pigs: Impact on Gut Health, Microbiome, and Growth}, volume={11}, ISSN={2072-6651}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins11110633}, DOI={10.3390/toxins11110633}, abstractNote={Mycotoxins are produced by fungi and are potentially toxic to pigs. Yeast cell wall extract (YCWE) is known to adsorb mycotoxins and improve gut health in pigs. One hundred and twenty growing (56 kg; experiment 1) and 48 nursery piglets (6 kg; experiment 2) were assigned to four dietary treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial design for 35 and 48 days, respectively. Factors were mycotoxins (no addition versus experiment 1: 180 μg/kg aflatoxins and 14 mg/kg fumonisins; or experiment 2: 180 μg/kg aflatoxins and 9 mg/kg fumonisins, and 1 mg/kg deoxynivalenol) and YCWE (0% versus 0.2%). Growth performance, blood, gut health and microbiome, and apparent ileal digestibility (AID) data were evaluated. In experiment 1, mycotoxins reduced ADG and G:F, and duodenal IgG, whereas in jejunum, YCWE increased IgG and reduced villus width. In experiment 2, mycotoxins reduced BW, ADG, and ADFI. Mycotoxins reduced ADG, which was recovered by YCWE. Mycotoxins reduced the AID of nutrients evaluated and increased protein carbonyl, whereas mycotoxins and YCWE increased the AID of the nutrients and reduced protein carbonyl. Mycotoxins reduced villus height, proportion of Ki-67-positive cells, and increased IgA and the proportion of bacteria with mycotoxin-degrading ability, whereas YCWE tended to increase villus height and reduced IgA and the proportion of pathogenic bacteria in jejunum. The YCWE effects were more evident in promoting gut health and growth in nursery pigs, which showed higher susceptibility to mycotoxin effects.}, number={11}, journal={Toxins}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Kim, Sung Woo and Holanda, Débora Muratori and Gao, Xin and Park, Inkyung and Yiannikouris, Alexandros}, year={2019}, month={Oct}, pages={633} }
 @article{park_pasquetti_malheiros_ferket_kim_2018, title={Effects of supplemental L-methionine on growth performance and redox status of turkey poults compared with the use of DL-methionine}, volume={97}, ISSN={0032-5791}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps/pex259}, DOI={10.3382/ps/pex259}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT This study was conducted to test the effects of dietary supplementation of feed grade L‐Met on growth performance and redox status of turkey poults compared with the use of conventional DL‐Met. Three hundred and eighty five newly hatched turkey poults were weighed and allotted to 5 treatments in a completely randomized design and the birds were fed dietary treatments for 28 d, including a basal diet (BD), the BD + 0.17 or 0.33% DL‐Met or L‐Met (representing 60, 75, and 90% of the requirement by National Research Council (NRC) for S containing AA, respectively). Increasing Met supplementation from 0 to 0.33% increased (P < 0.05) weight gain (690 to 746 g) and feed intake (1,123 to 1,248 g) of turkey poults. Supplementing L‐Met tended (P = 0.053) to reduce feed to gain ratio (1.70 to 1.63) compared with DL‐Met. The relative bioavailability of L‐Met to DL‐Met was 160% based on a multilinear regression analysis of weight gain. Supplementing Met regardless of its sources decreased (P < 0.05) malondialdehyde (3.29 to 2.47 nmol/mg protein) in duodenal mucosa compared with birds in the BD. Supplementing L‐Met tended (P = 0.094) to decrease malondialdehyde (1.27 to 1.16 nmol/mg protein) and increase glutathione (3.21 to 3.45 nmol/mg protein) in the liver compared with DL‐Met. Total antioxidant capacity, protein carbonyl, and morphology of duodenum and jejunum were not affected by Met sources. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of 0.33% Met to a diet with S containing AA meeting 60% of the NRC requirement enhanced weight gain, feed intake, and redox status by reducing oxidative stress in the gut and liver of turkey poults during the first 28 d of age. Use of L‐Met tended to enhance feed efficiency and was more effective in reducing oxidative stress and increasing glutathione in the liver compared with the use of DL‐Met. The use of L‐Met as a source of Met replacing DL‐Met seems to be beneficial to turkey poults during the first 28 d of age.}, number={1}, journal={Poultry Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Park, I. and Pasquetti, T. and Malheiros, R.D. and Ferket, P.R. and Kim, S.W.}, year={2018}, month={Jan}, pages={102–109} }
 @article{chen_zhang_park_kim_2017, title={Impacts of energy feeds and supplemental protease on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and gut health of pigs from 18 to 45 kg body weight}, volume={3}, ISSN={2405-6545}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2017.09.005}, DOI={10.1016/j.aninu.2017.09.005}, abstractNote={A total of 144 pigs with 18.4 ± 2.3 kg initial body weight (BW) at 6 wk of age were used in a 40-d trial to evaluate effects of protease (300,000 U/kg feed, BioResource International Inc., Durham, NC, USA) on growth performance, apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of nutrients, and gut health of pigs fed diets with sorghum. Pigs were randomly allotted to 4 treatments (12 pens per treatment, 3 pigs per pen) in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement (corn or sorghum basal diets, and 0 or 0.05% protease as 2 factors) with sex and initial BW as blocks. Experimental period had phase 1 (d 1 to 21) and phase 2 (d 22 to 40). About 65% (phase 1) and 72% (phase 2) of cereal grains were used in corn or sorghum based diets. Both grains were ground to 400 μm. Body weight and feed intake were recorded weekly. On d 35, serum was collected to quantify tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Titanium dioxide (0.3%) was added as an indigestible marker for an additional 4 d feeding. On d 40, 32 pigs (8 pigs per treatment) were euthanized to collect digesta from jejunum and ileum (for viscosity and AID), tissues (for morphology) and mucosa samples (for TNF-α and MDA) from duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Replacing corn with sorghum in the diet increased (P < 0.05) overall average daily gain (from 756 to 787 g/day) and average daily feed intake (from 1,374 to 1,473 g/day), reduced (P < 0.05) overall gain:feed ratio (from 0.553 to 0.537), and did not affect AID. Pigs fed diets with sorghum had lower (P < 0.05) MDA content in serum (from 14.61 to 6.48 μmol/L) and jejunum (from 1.42 to 0.91 μmol/g protein), and reduced (P < 0.05) villus height (from 492 to 396 μm) and crypt depth (from 310 to 257 μm) in jejunum. Dietary protease improved (P < 0.05) AID of crude protein (from 81.8% to 86.0%), decreased MDA level (from 1.20 to 0.98 μmol/g protein) in duodenum, and increased (P < 0.05) the ratio of villus height to crypt depth (from 1.08 to 1.21) in duodenum. Overall, use of sorghum fully replacing corn in diets could benefit pigs with enhanced growth and feed intake potentially by reducing oxidative stress, whereas feed efficiency was compromised. Supplementation of protease improved protein digestion and maintained gut health, irrespective of sorghum or corn based diets.}, number={4}, journal={Animal Nutrition}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Chen, Hongyu and Zhang, Shihai and Park, Inkyung and Kim, Sung Woo}, year={2017}, month={Dec}, pages={359–365} }
 @article{liu_aguilar_zhang_ren_chen_guan_xiong_liao_li_huang_et al._2016, title={Dietary supplementation with sanguinarine enhances serum metabolites and antibodies in growing pigs}, volume={94}, ISSN={0021-8812 1525-3163}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.2015-9719}, DOI={10.2527/jas.2015-9719}, abstractNote={This study was conducted to determine the effect of dietary sanguinarine supplementation on serum metabolites in growing pigs. A total of 240 (Yorkshire ´ [Duroc ´ Landrace]) pigs at 6 wk of age were randomly allotted to 3 dietary treatments, with 8 replicates per treatment and 10 piglets per replicate. The dietary treatments were as follows: the basal diet (BD) control group, the sanguinarine group (BD + 0.04 g/kg), and the antibiotic group (BD + 0.2 g/kg colistin). On d 7 and 14 after initiation of the treatment, BW, ADG, ADFI, feed efficiency (F/G), and serum levels of amino acids were measured. Dietary sanguinarine and antibiotic supplementation increased ADG, ADFI, and BW compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The data showed that the serum contents of amino acids, such as Gly, Ile, Lys, Met, Arg, Ala, and Thr, increased (P < 0.05) in the sanguinarine group compared with those in the colistin group and/or control group. These findings indicate a beneficial effect of dietary sanguinarine supplementation on the serum concentrations of some essential and nonessential amino acids, which improves growth performance of growing pigs.}, number={suppl_3}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Liu, G. and Aguilar, Y. M. and Zhang, L. and Ren, W. and Chen, S. and Guan, G. and Xiong, X. and Liao, P. and Li, T. and Huang, R. and et al.}, year={2016}, month={Sep}, pages={75–78} }
 @article{park_park_kim_2016, title={Effects of an enzyme cocktail on digestible and metabolizable energy concentrations in barley, corn, and wheat fed to growing pigs}, volume={187}, ISSN={["1878-0490"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.livsci.2016.02.003}, abstractNote={The objective of this study was to determine the effects of an enzyme cocktail (EC), consisting of xylanase, mannanase, and protease, on digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) concentrations in barley, corn, and wheat fed to growing pigs. A pilot study was conducted to determine the effects of EC on the in vitro ileal dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) in 8 sources of feed ingredient including barley, corn, wheat, canola meal, copra meal, cottonseed meal, palm kernel meal, and soybean meal. The IVDMD was determined in each feed ingredients with or without the 0 or 10 g/kg of EC addition. The values for the IVDMD in barley and wheat increased (P<0.05) when the EC was added. However, the EC addition did not affect IVDMD of corn, canola meal, copra meal, cottonseed meal, palm kernel meal, and soybean meal. Based on the pilot study, an animal experiment was conducted to determine the effects of the EC on DE and ME concentrations in barley, corn, and wheat. A 3×2 factorial treatment arrangement with 3 ingredients and 0 or 2 g EC/kg was used. Six barrows with 35.8±3.3 kg body weight were assigned to 6 dietary treatments in a 6×6 Latin square design. There was no interaction between the ingredient and the EC addition, and the effect of the EC addition was not observed. The apparent total tract digestibility of gross energy in diets containing corn was greater (P<0.05) than diets containing barley, but was less (P<0.05) than diets containing wheat. The concentration of DE in barley, corn, and wheat were 3197, 3376, and 3503 kcal/kg (as-fed basis), respectively, and the respective values of ME were 3035, 3304, and 3407 kcal/kg (as-fed basis). In conclusion, the DE and ME concentrations in barley, corn, and wheat were not affected by the EC addition.}, journal={LIVESTOCK SCIENCE}, author={Park, Chan Sol and Park, Inkyung and Kim, Beob Gyun}, year={2016}, month={May}, pages={1–5} }
 @article{shen_ferket_park_malheiros_kim_2015, title={Effects of feed grade L-methionine on intestinal redox status, intestinal development, and growth performance of young chickens compared with conventional DL-methionine}, volume={93}, ISSN={0021-8812 1525-3163}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.2015-8898}, DOI={10.2527/jas.2015-8898}, abstractNote={This study was conducted to test the effects of supplemental L-Met on redox status, gut development, and growth performance of young broiler chickens compared with DL-Met. A total of 888 (half male and half female) 1-d-old Ross 308 chickens were weighed and randomly allotted to 7 treatments in a randomized complete block design for 21 d, including a basal diet (BD), the BD + 0.095% L-Met or DL-Met, the BD + 0.190% L-Met or DL-Met, and the BD + 0.285% L-Met or DL-Met (representing 60, 70, 80, and 90% of the Met + Cys requirement). Feed disappearance and BW were recorded every 7 d. Liver and duodenum samples were collected on d 0, 7, and 21 to measure redox status and intestine morphology. On d 7, chicks fed a diet supplemented with either 0.285% L-Met or 0.285% DL-Met had increased (P < 0.05) concentrations of glutathione (GSH) and reduced (P < 0.05) protein carbonyl (PC) and malonedialdehyde contents in duodenum mucosa compared with chicks fed the BD. Chicks fed a diet supplemented with 0.285% L-Met had greater (P < 0.05) villus width compared with chicks fed a diet supplemented with 0.285% DL-Met. Chicks fed a diet supplemented with 0.285% L-Met had lower (P < 0.05) crypt depth and greater (P < 0.05) villus height:crypt depth ratio compared with chicks fed a diet supplemented with 0.285% DL-Met or the BD. On d 21, chicks fed a diet supplemented with 0.285% L-Met had increased (P < 0.01) concentrations of GSH and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) but reduced (P < 0.05) PC content in duodenum mucosa compared with chicks fed a diet supplemented with 0.285% DL-Met and the BD. Chicks fed a diet supplemented with 0.285% L-Met had greater (P < 0.05) villus height compared with chicks fed the BD. During the entire 21-d supplementation of either L-Met or DL-Met, ADG and G:F were enhanced (P < 0.01) compared with chicks fed the BD. Chicks fed diets supplemented with L-Met had greater (P < 0.05) ADG and G:F than chicks fed diets supplemented with DL-Met. The relative bioavailability of L-Met to DL-Met for ADG and G:F was 138.2 and 140.7%, respectively. Overall, supplementation of either L-Met or DL-Met has beneficial effects on villus development in association with increased GSH production and levels of TAC and reduced protein oxidation in duodenum. Supplementation of L-Met served a better function on redox status and development of the gut of chicks compared with DL-Met. Chicks fed diets with L-Met had better growth response than chicks fed diets with DL-Met.}, number={6}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Shen, Y. B. and Ferket, P. and Park, I. and Malheiros, R. D. and Kim, S. W.}, year={2015}, month={Jun}, pages={2977–2986} }