@article{lu_kandilov_zhu_2022, title={Does social integration matter for cohort differences in the political participation of internal migrants in China?}, ISSN={["1467-9361"]}, DOI={10.1111/rode.12879}, abstractNote={AbstractUsing nationally representative data from the 2017 National Internal Migrants Dynamic Monitoring Survey, this paper examines the nexus between social integration and the political participation of internal migrants in China. We document a positive association between social integration status and internal migrants’ political participation. The study further examines the political participation differentials from two perspectives: between migration types and between migration distances. Our Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition analysis suggests that while only about 5.2% of the political participation differential between urban‐to‐urban migrants and rural‐to‐urban migrants is attributable to the difference in social integration status, the difference in social integration status explains about 12.0% of the participation gap between intra‐provincial migrants and inter‐provincial migrants. Our findings suggest that regionally diverse social integration policies may have unintended consequences for the political participation of migrant workers in China.}, journal={REVIEW OF DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS}, author={Lu, Haiyang and Kandilov, Ivan T. and Zhu, Rong}, year={2022}, month={Mar} }
 @article{lu_kandilov_nie_2022, title={Heterogeneous Impact of Social Integration on the Health of Rural-to-Urban Migrants in China}, volume={19}, ISSN={["1660-4601"]}, DOI={10.3390/ijerph19169999}, abstractNote={Background: While several studies have found that lower levels of social integration may lead to a deterioration in the health status of migrants, previous research on the nexus between social integration and health has generally ignored the potential endogeneity of social integration. This paper examines the heterogeneous impact of social integration on the health of rural-to-urban migrants in China by exploiting plausibly exogenous, long-term, geographic variation in dialectal diversity. Methods: Drawing on nationally representative data from the 2017 China Migrants Dynamic Survey (n = 117,446), we first regressed self-reported health on social integration using ordinary least squares estimation and then used an ordered probit model as a robustness check. Additionally, to rule out the potential endogeneity of social integration, we relied mainly on an instrumental variable approach and used dialectal diversity as a source of exogenous variation for social integration. Results: We found that social integration has a significant positive impact on rural-to-urban migrants’ health. We also detected considerable heterogeneity in the effects of social integration across gender, generation, and wage levels: the health status of women, more recent generation migrants, and migrants with wages in the middle of wage distribution are more likely to be affected by social integration. Conclusions: We confirmed the beneficial impact of social integration on migrants’ health, which has some important policy implications. Successful migration policies should take the fundamental issue of migrants’ social integration into account.}, number={16}, journal={INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH}, author={Lu, Haiyang and Kandilov, Ivan T. and Nie, Peng}, year={2022}, month={Aug} }
 @article{lu_kandilov_2022, title={Perceptions of upward social mobility and life satisfaction in China: the moderating role of Internet use}, ISSN={["1873-5355"]}, DOI={10.1080/03623319.2022.2087452}, abstractNote={Since Sorokin's seminal work, numerous studies have examined the correlation between upward social mobility and subjective well-being, and they have generated mixed results. One commonality of the existing studies is that most of them have not taken endogeneity issues into account. We exploit plausibly exogenous, within-province, cross-cohort variation in peers to deal with the selection into perceptions of upward social mobility (PUSM). Using nationally representative data from the 2019 Chinese Social Survey, we find that PUSM has a significant positive impact on life satisfaction. An investigation into the mechanisms reveals that PUSM leads to an increased perception of social fairness and political trust. As a unique contribution, we also investigate the moderating role of Internet use, and find that while Internet use significantly attenuates the positive impact of PUSM on life satisfaction, this moderating effect manifests primarily among males, urban residents, and younger adults. Last, the sensitivity analysis using a bounding approach suggests that our main results are robust to the potential selection on unobserved factors.}, journal={SOCIAL SCIENCE JOURNAL}, author={Lu, Haiyang and Kandilov, Ivan T.}, year={2022}, month={Jun} }
 @article{qin_kandilov_haefen_2021, title={Air Pollution and Trade: The Case of China}, volume={16}, ISSN={["1673-3568"]}, DOI={10.54605/fec20210205}, abstractNote={We estimate the effects of trade on air pollution in China. To address endogeneity concerns, we use an instrumental variable strategy that treats the Great Recession as an exogenous shock that differentially affected China’s coastal provinces, which export a greater volume of manufacturing as they are closer to navigable waters. In our empirical analysis, we employ annual data on emissions of sulfur dioxide as well as smoke and dust at the province level from 2003 to 2015 to measure air pollution intensity (the ratio of air pollution to GDP), and we also use fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations data derived from satellite imagery as a robustness check. We find that a decrease in trade intensity (the ratio of trade to GDP) by 10 percentage points (a negative trade shock similar to what occurred during the Great Recession) increases sulfur dioxide emissions intensity by about 38 percentage points. Emissions of the other two air pollutants grow by similar proportions.}, number={2}, journal={FRONTIERS OF ECONOMICS IN CHINA}, author={Qin, Jin and Kandilov, Ivan T. and Haefen, Roger H.}, year={2021}, month={Jun}, pages={307–346} }
 @article{zhang_kandilov_walker_2021, title={Belt and road initiative and Chinese cross-border mergers and acquisitions}, ISSN={["1467-9701"]}, DOI={10.1111/twec.13233}, abstractNote={AbstractThe Belt and Road Initiative was introduced to further economic connections with partner countries and foster development within China. We examine the effect of the Initiative on Chinese cross‐border M&As. We find that the Initiative significantly increases the probability and the transaction amount of M&A deals in target countries. Moreover, the market reacts more positively to these deals. We find that the effect is entirely driven by state‐owned enterprises during our sample period and it is more pronounced in firms that are located on the more‐developed eastern coast of China. The evidence suggests that the announcement of the Belt and Road Initiative was followed by economically meaningful cross‐border M&A in targeted countries.}, journal={WORLD ECONOMY}, author={Zhang, Chi and Kandilov, Ivan and Walker, Mark}, year={2021}, month={Dec} }
 @article{zhang_kandilov_walker_2021, title={Direct flights and cross-border mergers & acquisitions}, volume={70}, ISSN={["1872-6313"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2021.102063}, abstractNote={Prior evidence indicates that proximity increases investments resulting in stronger economic growth. The introduction of a non-stop direct flight between two locations in different countries allows for faster travel and a lower cost of acquiring information, potentially facilitating acquisitions abroad. We examine this channel by considering cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&A) activity between China and the U.S. Our results suggest that direct flights matter most in target selection. Direct flights are more important for M&A activity where information asymmetry is greater and for first time acquirers in the market. We demonstrate that endogeneity is unlikely to drive the results.}, journal={JOURNAL OF CORPORATE FINANCE}, author={Zhang, Chi and Kandilov, Ivan T. and Walker, Mark D.}, year={2021}, month={Oct} }
 @article{lu_kandilov_2021, title={Does Mobile Internet Use Affect the Subjective Well-being of Older Chinese Adults? An Instrumental Variable Quantile Analysis}, volume={22}, ISSN={["1573-7780"]}, DOI={10.1007/s10902-021-00365-6}, number={7}, journal={JOURNAL OF HAPPINESS STUDIES}, author={Lu, Haiyang and Kandilov, Ivan T.}, year={2021}, month={Oct}, pages={3137–3156} }
 @article{kandilov_kandilov_2021, title={The impact of the Affordable Care Act Medicaid expansions on agricultural workers' health insurance coverage, medical care utilization, and labor supply}, ISSN={["1467-8276"]}, DOI={10.1111/ajae.12263}, abstractNote={AbstractNearly 30% of documented agricultural workers, that is, those who are authorized to work in the U.S. and may be eligible for government‐sponsored Medicaid coverage, lacked health insurance coverage in 2016. We estimate the impact of the 2014 state‐level Medicaid expansions that were part of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) on farm workers' health insurance coverage, health care utilization, and labor supply. Using confidential individual‐level data from the National Agricultural Workers Survey (NAWS) for the decade between 2007 and 2016, we employ a difference‐in‐differences econometric model to compare workers in states that expanded Medicaid in 2014 to workers in states that did not. We find that, following the ACA Medicaid expansions, documented agricultural workers experience a 12‐percentage point (24%) increase in the likelihood of having health insurance, which is entirely driven by an increase in the likelihood of having a government‐sponsored health insurance plan. We do not detect a decrease in private (employer‐sponsored or worker‐acquired) health insurance coverage. Further, we find no evidence that the ACA Medicaid expansions led to a decline in farm workers' labor supply; in fact, our results imply that there was a small increase in farm workers' hours. In a number of falsification tests, we also show that the Medicaid expansions do not appear to have an impact on undocumented (unauthorized) farm workers' health care utilization, and there was no increase in Medicaid payments for health services among this group of farm workers who were largely ineligible for Medicaid.}, journal={AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS}, author={Kandilov, Amy M. G. and Kandilov, Ivan T.}, year={2021}, month={Oct} }
 @article{lu_kandilov_2022, title={The moderating role of Internet use in the relationship between China's internal migration and generalized trust}, volume={25}, ISSN={["1468-4462"]}, DOI={10.1080/1369118X.2020.1850840}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT
 While there is a large literature on the determinants of generalized trust, few studies have explored the impact of internal migration and attempted to tackle potential endogeneity issues. Using nationally representative data from the latest five rounds of the China General Society Survey, this paper estimates the impact of internal migration on generalized trust by exploiting arguably exogenous, historical changes in the GDP growth target set by the government and the share of migrants at the county level. We find evidence of a significant negative impact of internal migration on generalized trust. We also investigate the moderating role of Internet use, and find that whilst Internet use significantly attenuates the negative impact on generalized trust of internal migration, this moderating effect is much stronger for urban-to-urban migrants than it is for rural-to-urban migrants. The results further indicate that internal migration in China has led to the deterioration of subjective well-being, changing perceptions of fairness, increased likelihood of downward social mobility, and deterioration in social relations, which we interpret as potential mechanisms behind our findings.}, number={9}, journal={INFORMATION COMMUNICATION & SOCIETY}, author={Lu, Haiyang and Kandilov, Ivan T.}, year={2022}, month={Jul}, pages={1229–1246} }
 @article{saki_moore_kandilov_rothenberg_godfrey_2019, title={Revealed comparative advantage for US textiles and apparel}, volume={29}, ISSN={["2051-3143"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85071955664&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1108/CR-03-2018-0025}, abstractNote={
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to identify US textile and apparel (TAP) products and categories that demonstrate export comparative advantage and their respective country destinations.


Design/methodology/approach
Revealed comparative advantage (RCA) and normalized revealed comparative advantage (NRCA) in the long term (1996-2016) and short term (2010-2016) using two-digit Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System codes (HS codes) provide an insight into export advantage of TAP products. Non-parametric rank correlation (i.e. Spearman rank correlation) tests consistency between RCA and NRCA. Subsequently, NRCA using four-digit HS codes identify textile sub-categories with export comparative advantage. Bilateral trade data identify export destinations for sub-categories that indicate US export comparative advantage in the short term.


Findings
Aggregated product-level comparison of RCA and NRCA ranking indicates a consistent positive correlation between the two indices. The disaggregated findings reveal cotton fiber HS5201, artificial filament tow HS5502, non-wovens HS5603, cotton yarn HS5205, carpet and other floor coverings HS5703 and worn clothing HS6309 as sources of US TAP export advantage.


Originality/value
This research provides a comprehensive, current analysis of the US competitive position within the TAP global environment. Incorporation of NRCA into the study’s design demonstrates the flexibility of this measure in a new industry context.
}, number={4}, journal={COMPETITIVENESS REVIEW}, author={Saki, Zahra and Moore, Marguerite and Kandilov, Ivan and Rothenberg, Lori and Godfrey, A. Blanton}, year={2019}, month={Jul}, pages={462–478} }
 @article{kandilov_renkow_2020, title={THE IMPACTS OF THE USDA BROADBAND LOAN AND GRANT PROGRAMS: MOVING TOWARD ESTIMATING A RATE OF RETURN}, volume={58}, ISSN={["1465-7295"]}, DOI={10.1111/ecin.12872}, abstractNote={In this article, we evaluate the rate of return to government efforts to promote broadband. Specifically, we estimate the impact of USDA's broadband loan and grant programs on the average payroll per worker using zip code level data from the Zip Code Business Patterns for the period from 1997 to 2007. Our results indicate that two of the smaller broadband programs (the Pilot loan program and the broadband grants program) likely had no effect on local payroll per workers. On the other hand, the largest program in terms of funding and coverage (the current broadband loan program) likely had a positive impact. Our estimate implies that a $1 per capita increase in a particular zip code's one‐time receipt of the current program broadband loan results in a $0.92 increase in payroll per worker annually. Our calculated point estimates of the benefit: cost ratios for this broadband program range from 1.98 to 2.99, depending on assumptions about the time frame over which benefits accrue. However, the confidence intervals are wide enough to include the possibility that the costs outweigh the benefits.(JEL L86, J30, O18)}, number={3}, journal={ECONOMIC INQUIRY}, author={Kandilov, Ivan T. and Renkow, Mitch}, year={2020}, month={Jul}, pages={1129–1145} }
 @article{lu_kandilov_zhu_2020, title={The Impact of Internal Migration on the Health of Rural Migrants: Evidence from Longitudinal Data in China}, volume={56}, ISSN={["1743-9140"]}, DOI={10.1080/00220388.2019.1590553}, abstractNote={Abstract Previous studies investigating the health consequences of migration often face difficulties choosing a proper comparison group and tackling the problems of potential endogeneity and self-selection bias. Using propensity score matching difference-in-differences and an instrumental variable approach, this paper examines the impact of internal migration on the health of rural migrants in China. We find robust evidence of a significant negative effect of internal migration on rural migrants’ health. We also find significant heterogeneity in the impact across different age groups. Younger migrants aged between 16 and 35 are most likely to experience health decline following migration. In addition, we find that the key mechanisms through which internal migration affects the health of rural migrants are the changes in emotional state and social trust.}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENT STUDIES}, author={Lu, Haiyang and Kandilov, Ivan T. and Zhu, Rong}, year={2020}, month={Apr}, pages={840–855} }
 @article{kandilov_kandilov_2020, title={The minimum wage and seasonal employment: Evidence from the US agricultural sector}, volume={60}, ISSN={["1467-9787"]}, DOI={10.1111/jors.12474}, abstractNote={AbstractNearly 40% of agricultural workers in the United States earn an hourly wage that is within 10% of the prevailing state‐level minimum wage. We evaluate the impact of the minimum wage on farm employment using county‐level data from the United States Census of Agriculture. We employ long‐differences specifications and find evidence of a dynamic, negative effect of the minimum wage on seasonal agricultural employment, but no effect on year‐round agricultural employment. We estimate a long‐run elasticity of total agricultural employment with respect to the minimum wage of about −0.40, which is both statistically and economically significant. Employers’ total expenditures on hired agricultural workers are not affected by the minimum wage. Finally, our analysis suggests that increases in minimum wages may lead to higher capital investment as well as the consolidation of farming operations in the agricultural sector.}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF REGIONAL SCIENCE}, author={Kandilov, Amy M. G. and Kandilov, Ivan T.}, year={2020}, month={Sep}, pages={612–627} }
 @article{kandilov_leblebicioglu_manghnani_2021, title={Trade Liberalization and Investment in Foreign Capital Goods: A Look at the Intensive Margin}, volume={57}, ISSN={["1558-0938"]}, DOI={10.1080/1540496X.2019.1694896}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT We evaluate the impact of trade liberalization on the intensive margin of the firm’s investment in foreign capital goods. To do so, we use Indian firm-level panel data from a period of a large-scale trade liberalization (1989–1997) to estimate an investment equation using the system-GMM estimator. Importantly, we control separately for the tariffs on capital goods, intermediate inputs and final goods, which allows us to estimate the price elasticity of investment in foreign capital goods. Consistent with theory, we find that reductions in the tariffs on capital goods, and intermediate inputs led to higher investment in foreign capital goods, whereas reduction in the output tariff resulted in lower investment. The impact of the capital goods tariffs is the largest.}, number={12}, journal={EMERGING MARKETS FINANCE AND TRADE}, author={Kandilov, Ivan T. and Leblebicioglu, Asli and Manghnani, Ruchita}, year={2021}, month={Sep}, pages={3387–3410} }
 @article{kandilov_kandilov_2018, title={THE IMPACT OF BANK BRANCHING DEREGULATIONS ON THE US AGRICULTURAL SECTOR}, volume={100}, ISSN={["1467-8276"]}, DOI={10.1093/ajae/aax059}, abstractNote={We demonstrate how states that lifted restrictions on interstate bank expansions, thereby improving access to cheaper credit, experienced increased farm sales and net farm income. In our empirical analysis, we use nationwide county‐level data from 1970 through 2001 and a difference‐in‐differences econometric framework, exploiting only within‐state variation in banking deregulation, to distinguish the effect of an increase in bank competition from potential confounding factors. By including region‐by‐year fixed effects in our econometric equation, we compare changes in farm sales and expenditures in states that lift restrictions on interstate banking to changes in states that do not lift such restrictions within the same census region. Our estimates indicate that county‐level farm sales increase by about 3.4% and county‐level net farm income rises by $1.57 million (in 1982 dollars) after a state deregulates its banking sector by allowing interstate bank expansion. We also find evidence that farm expenditures, in particular expenditures on feed, fuel, machine and equipment rental, as well as interest payments, grew as a result of the banking deregulation. The positive impacts on farm sales, net income, and interest payments are larger in metropolitan counties than in rural counties, consistent with the notion that interstate bank entry following deregulation was concentrated in larger metropolitan markets, leading to a greater reduction in the cost of credit in those areas.}, number={1}, journal={AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS}, author={Kandilov, Amy M. G. and Kandilov, Ivan T.}, year={2018}, month={Jan}, pages={73–90} }
 @article{kandilov_leblebicioglu_petkova_2017, title={Cross-border mergers and acquisitions: The importance of local credit and source country finance}, volume={70}, ISSN={["1873-0639"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.jimonfin.2016.09.003}, abstractNote={We study host and source country finance and the interplay between the two in determining the incidence and intensity of cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&As) into the U.S. We find that states adopting interstate banking deregulation attract a greater number and higher total volume of cross-border M&A deals. We also document a positive impact of source country financial depth on the incidence of cross-border M&As and uncover a substitution effect between local and source country bank finance. The effects are larger for deals where cash is used as the method of payment as well as for firms that are more dependent on external finance, and smaller for publicly traded firms.}, journal={JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL MONEY AND FINANCE}, author={Kandilov, Ivan T. and Leblebicioglu, Ash and Petkova, Neviana}, year={2017}, month={Feb}, pages={288–318} }
 @article{kandilov_leblebicioglu_manghnani_2017, title={Deregulation and firm investment: evidence from the dismantling of the license system in India}, volume={24}, ISSN={["1466-4291"]}, DOI={10.1080/13504851.2016.1248282}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT We analyse the impact of deregulatory reforms in India during the 1990s, which eliminated compulsory industrial licensing, on manufacturing firms’ investment decisions. We find an economically and statistically significant positive effect of delicensing on investment. We also show that firms in states with better credit conditions benefitted more from the removal of licences. Moreover, our analysis demonstrates that the increase in investment was predominantly driven by smaller firms.}, number={14}, journal={APPLIED ECONOMICS LETTERS}, author={Kandilov, Ivan T. and Leblebicioglu, Asli and Manghnani, Ruchita}, year={2017}, pages={1031–1034} }
 @article{kandilov_senses_2016, title={The effects of wrongful discharge protection on foreign multinationals: Evidence from transaction-level data}, volume={49}, ISSN={["1540-5982"]}, DOI={10.1111/caje.12192}, abstractNote={AbstractUsing detailed micro‐level data from 1977 to 1994, we analyze the impact of employment protection measures adopted across US states on the number and the value of new inbound foreign direct investment (FDI) transactions completed by foreign‐owned companies. Our findings point to a robust negative association between the implementation of employment protection laws and both the extensive and the intensive margins of FDI in the US. When states adopt regulations that increase employers’ firing costs, FDI transactions by foreign multinational companies become less frequent and decrease in value, with stronger negative impacts in more labour‐intensive industries. There is also some evidence of diversion and spillover effects from the adoption of these measures by neighbouring states.}, number={1}, journal={CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS-REVUE CANADIENNE D ECONOMIQUE}, author={Kandilov, Ivan T. and Senses, Mine Z.}, year={2016}, month={Feb}, pages={111–146} }
 @article{kandilov_leblebicioglu_petkova_2016, title={The impact of banking deregulation on inbound foreign direct investment: Transaction-level evidence from the United States}, volume={100}, ISSN={["1873-0353"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.jinteco.2016.02.008}, abstractNote={We evaluate the effects of state-level banking deregulation that resulted in improved access to cheaper local finance on foreign firms investing in the U.S. We provide direct, micro-level evidence from U.S. inbound foreign direct investment transactions showing that interstate banking, but not intrastate branching, deregulation increased the number of transactions, reduced the average transaction value, and boosted overall investment by foreign multinationals. We also show that lower cost of local credit and greater local bank competition in each state, following the interstate banking deregulation, are potential mechanisms that stimulated FDI activity. Finally, we demonstrate that after the adoption of the interstate banking deregulation, both the number and the average value of transactions increased in industries that are more dependent on external finance relative to industries that are less dependent.}, journal={JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS}, author={Kandilov, Ivan T. and Leblebicioglu, Asli and Petkova, Neviana}, year={2016}, month={May}, pages={138–159} }
 @article{kandilov_vukina_2016, title={SALARIES OR PIECE RATES: ON THE ENDOGENOUS MATCHING OF HARVEST WORKERS AND CROPS}, volume={54}, ISSN={["1465-7295"]}, DOI={10.1111/ecin.12231}, abstractNote={The objective of this paper is to determine whether the choice of payment schemes (hourly vs. piece rates) is systematically related to the workers' risk aversion and ability. We derive the equilibrium relationship between agents' risk aversion and ability and the power of incentives (payment scheme) in a market where many heterogeneous principals and agents are endogenously matched. The equilibrium matching between principals and agents depends on the traits and is critical in determining the contract choice. Using confidential data from the National Agricultural Workers Survey (NAWS), we find evidence of matching between agricultural workers and the riskiness of their jobs (crops they harvest) based on workers' risk aversion and no matching based on ability. When controlling for matching, we find strong evidence that high risk‐averse workers choose hourly rates and low risk‐averse workers choose piece rates. We also found that high ability types choose piece rates and low ability types choose hourly rates but the evidence is weaker. (JEL J33, D82, Q12)}, number={1}, journal={ECONOMIC INQUIRY}, author={Kandilov, Ivan and Vukina, Tomislav}, year={2016}, month={Jan}, pages={76–99} }
 @article{kandilov_grennes_2012, title={The determinants of service offshoring: Does distance matter?}, volume={24}, ISSN={["1879-2006"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.japwor.2011.12.001}, abstractNote={The importance of distance for international trade remains an unsettled issue. Innovations in information technology have reduced the costs of offshore outsourcing of services. However, empirical studies using the gravity model continue to demonstrate that distance is important for merchandise and service trade. We estimate a gravity model of the determinants of service trade. After we properly control for all non-transport trade costs, including information barriers, and multilateral resistance terms as suggested by Anderson and van Wincoop (2003), we show that the remaining influence of distance is negligible.}, number={1}, journal={JAPAN AND THE WORLD ECONOMY}, author={Kandilov, Ivan T. and Grennes, Thomas}, year={2012}, month={Jan}, pages={36–43} }
 @article{kandilov_zheng_2011, title={The impact of entry costs on export market participation in agriculture}, volume={42}, ISSN={["1574-0862"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1574-0862.2010.00530.x}, abstractNote={Theoretical models of market entry imply that sunk costs are an important factor in the decision to export. Following Helpman, Melitz, and Rubinstein (2008), we develop a simple model of foreign market participation and use a Bayesian method to estimate the resulting dynamic discrete-choice model with lagged dependent variable. Employing a balanced panel data that follows 81 trading partners for 30 years from 1971 to 2000, we estimate our model and compute the marginal effect of sunk costs on the likelihood of export market participation. We find that such costs are economically and statistically important for trade in all of the six major agricultural commodities (Cereals, Dairy, Fish, Meat, Vegetables and Fruits, and Sugar), for agricultural producers in both developed and developing countries. We also find evidence suggesting that, in general, market access for both developed and developing exporters had improved in the years following the Uruguay round of trade negotiations (1995–2000).}, number={5}, journal={AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS}, author={Kandilov, Ivan T. and Zheng, Xiaoyong}, year={2011}, month={Sep}, pages={531–546} }
 @article{kandilov_leblebicioglu_2012, title={Trade Liberalization and Investment: Firm-level Evidence from Mexico}, volume={26}, ISSN={["0258-6770"]}, DOI={10.1093/wber/lhr048}, abstractNote={Plant-level panel data from Mexico's Annual Industrial Survey is employed to evaluate the impact of reductions in tariffs and import license coverage on final goods, as well as intermediates, on firms'investment decisions. Using data from 1984 to 1990, a period during which a large scale trade liberalization occurred, a dynamic investment equation is estimated using the system-GMM estimator developed by Arellano and Bover (1995) and Blundell and Bond (1998). Consistent with theory, the empirical analyses show that a reduction in import protection on final goods leads to lower plant-level investment, whereas reductions in tariffs and import license coverage on intermediate inputs result in higher investment. Also, firms with larger import costs experience a larger increase in investment following a reduction in import protection. On the other hand, higher markup firms lower investment more aggressively following reductions in tariffs and import license coverage on final goods. Copyright 2012, Oxford University Press.}, number={2}, journal={WORLD BANK ECONOMIC REVIEW}, author={Kandilov, Ivan T. and Leblebicioglu, Ash}, year={2012}, pages={320–349} }
 @article{kandilov_2010, title={How import competition affects displaced workers in the US}, volume={10}, DOI={10.2202/1935-1682.2048}, abstractNote={Abstract
               I use the Displaced Worker Survey and bilateral trade data to assess the impact of import competition from low-wage countries on displaced workers' unemployment duration and re-employment wages.  While low-wage imports have almost no effect on unemployment duration for workers displaced from an industry with the average length of the quality ladder, I find that a ten percentage point increase in low-wage imports leads to a 5.6 week longer jobless spell duration for workers displaced from an industry with a short quality ladder.  Similarly, a ten percentage point increase in low-wage imports leads to a 7.2 percent decline in re-employment wages for workers displaced from an average ladder industry, but it leads to an 11.3 percent decline in re-employment wages for workers displaced from a short ladder industry.  I show evidence that greater low-wage imports raise the likelihood of sectoral relocation upon re-employment, leading to loss of sector specific human capital.}, number={1}, journal={B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy}, author={Kandilov, I. T.}, year={2010} }
 @article{kandilov_renkow_2010, title={Infrastructure Investment and Rural Economic Development: An Evaluation of USDA's Broadband Loan Program}, volume={41}, ISSN={["0017-4815"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1468-2257.2010.00524.x}, abstractNote={ABSTRACTWe empirically evaluate whether participation in the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Broadband Loan Program, which began making loans in 2002, has had measurable positive impacts on zip code‐level economic outcomes. Using difference in differences and propensity score matching program evaluation techniques, we find that loans made in 2002 and 2003 under the Pilot Broadband Loan Program have had a substantial positive impact on employment, annual payroll, and the number of business establishments in recipient communities. However, a more spatially disaggregated analysis reveals that the positive economic impacts of the pilot program are driven primarily by the outcomes in communities located closest to urban areas. Finally, we find no evidence that loans received as part of the current Broadband Loan Program have had a measurable positive impact on recipient communities, possibly because not enough time has elapsed for the impacts of the current Broadband Loan Program to have emerged.}, number={2}, journal={GROWTH AND CHANGE}, author={Kandilov, Ivan T. and Renkow, Mitch}, year={2010}, month={Jun}, pages={165–191} }
 @article{kandilov_kandilov_2010, title={JOB DISPLACEMENT FROM AGRICULTURE}, volume={92}, ISSN={["1467-8276"]}, DOI={10.1093/ajae/aaq021}, abstractNote={AbstractUnlike manufacturing employers, “small” agricultural employers are generally not required to participate in the Unemployment Insurance system, which leaves many farm workers ineligible for unemployment benefits. Theory implies that displaced workers who are ineligible for benefits experience shorter jobless spells and a lower reemployment wage. With data from the Displaced Workers’ Survey, we show that displaced agricultural workers spend 4.6 fewer weeks unemployed and upon reemployment earn 9% less than displaced manufacturing workers. Not surprisingly, in states where “small” agricultural employers are required to participate in the Unemployment Insurance program, postdisplacement outcomes for agricultural and manufacturing workers are similar.}, number={3}, journal={AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS}, author={Kandilov, Amy M. G. and Kandilov, Ivan T.}, year={2010}, month={Apr}, pages={591–607} }
 @article{kandilov_kandilov_2010, title={The Effect of Legalization on Wages and Health Insurance: Evidence from the National Agricultural Workers Survey}, volume={32}, ISSN={["2040-5804"]}, DOI={10.1093/aepp/ppq022}, abstractNote={AbstractWe estimate the effect of legalization on the wages and benefits of foreign‐born agricultural workers. Using data from the National Agricultural Workers Survey, we employ propensity score matching techniques to compare legal permanent residents in the United States with an appropriate control group of undocumented workers. Consistent with previous findings, we show that becoming a legal permanent resident results in a modest wage gain of about 5%. Further, we provide novel evidence that, in addition to higher wages, legalization leads to a significantly higher likelihood of receiving some other form of compensation, such as employer‐sponsored health insurance or a monetary bonus.}, number={4}, journal={APPLIED ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES AND POLICY}, author={Kandilov, Amy M. G. and Kandilov, Ivan T.}, year={2010}, pages={604–623} }
 @article{kandilov_grennes_2010, title={The determinants of service exports from Central and Eastern Europe}, volume={18}, ISSN={["1468-0351"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1468-0351.2010.00392.x}, abstractNote={AbstractThe transition economies of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) have become important exporters of many types of services to Western Europe. We identify the sources of CEE’s advantages over competing exporters, such as India, China and Brazil, using disaggregated data on service exports and a novel estimation technique for the gravity equation. Our results indicate that the importance of geographical distance varies substantially across types of service exports. Geography is important for exports of construction services, but it has a negligible impact on computer‐related services. However, the relative quality of legal institutions influences trade across a broad range of service categories. The results demonstrate that aggregating services that are not homogeneous could conceal important differences in the effects of geographical distance and other variables on the pattern of service trade.}, number={4}, journal={ECONOMICS OF TRANSITION}, author={Kandilov, Ivan T. and Grennes, Thomas}, year={2010}, pages={763–794} }
 @article{kandilov_leblebicioglu_2011, title={The impact of exchange rate volatility on plant-level investment: Evidence from Colombia}, volume={94}, ISSN={["1872-6089"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.jdeveco.2010.01.013}, abstractNote={We estimate the impact of exchange rate volatility on firms' investment decisions in a developing country setting. Employing plant-level panel data from the Colombian Manufacturing Census, we estimate a dynamic investment equation using the system-GMM estimator developed by Arellano and Bover (1995) and Blundell and Bond (1998). We find a robust negative impact of exchange rate volatility, constructed either using a GARCH model or a simple standard deviation measure, on plant investment. Consistent with theory, we also document that the negative effect is mitigated for establishments with higher mark-up or exports, and exacerbated for lower mark-up plants with larger volume of imported intermediates.}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS}, author={Kandilov, Ivan T. and Leblebicioglu, Asli}, year={2011}, month={Mar}, pages={220–230} }
 @article{kandilov_2009, title={Do Exporters Pay Higher Wages? Plant-level Evidence from an Export Refund Policy in Chile}, volume={23}, ISSN={["0258-6770"]}, DOI={10.1093/wber/lhp004}, abstractNote={The impact of increased export activity on plant wages is estimated in a developing country context. To avoid potential endogenous selection problems, the empirical analysis benefits from exogenous variation in exports induced by a policy experiment, an export subsidy system implemented in Chile in 1986. Analyses using data from a panel survey of Chilean manufacturing establishments show that while the export subsidy had only a modest positive impact on the industry wide relative high-skilled wage, it significantly increased the plant-level relative high-skilled wage in medium-size establishments, which are most likely to take advantage of the subsidy and enter the export market.}, number={2}, journal={WORLD BANK ECONOMIC REVIEW}, author={Kandilov, Ivan T.}, year={2009}, pages={269–294} }
 @article{kandilov_2009, title={Reforming Agricultural Trade for Developing Countries, vol 2, Quantifying the Impact of Multilateral Trade Reform}, volume={91}, ISSN={["0002-9092"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1467-8276.2008.01247_2.x}, abstractNote={American Journal of Agricultural EconomicsVolume 91, Issue 1 p. 291-292 Books Review Reforming Agricultural Trade for Developing Countries (Vol. 2): Quantifying the Impact of Multilateral Trade Reform edited by McCalla, Alex F. and John Nash Ivan Kandilov, Ivan Kandilov North Carolina State UniversitySearch for more papers by this author Ivan Kandilov, Ivan Kandilov North Carolina State UniversitySearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 February 2009 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8276.2008.01247_2.xRead the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume91, Issue1February 2009Pages 291-292 RelatedInformation}, number={1}, journal={AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS}, author={Kandilov, Ivan}, year={2009}, month={Feb}, pages={291–292} }
 @article{kandilov_2009, title={THE EFFECTS OF TRADE WITH DEVELOPING COUNTRIES ON THE REGIONAL DEMAND FOR SKILL IN THE US: EVIDENCE FROM COUNTY DATA}, volume={49}, ISSN={["1467-9787"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1467-9787.2008.00606.x}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Using county‐level data from the 1980s and 1990s and a county‐level trade measure that incorporates the county's industrial mix and patterns of international trade across industries, I provide new evidence that trade with developing countries raises the demand for skill and the skill premium in the U.S. Consistent with Heckscher–Ohlin, I find that trade driven by differences in factor endowments has an economically significant impact on local labor markets. The evidence suggests that when trade with developing countries rises, counties with higher skill endowment and greater employment in industries with larger trade shares experience greater relative demand for high‐skilled labor.}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF REGIONAL SCIENCE}, author={Kandilov, Ivan T.}, year={2009}, month={Aug}, pages={459–482} }
 @article{kandilov_2008, title={The effects of exchange rate volatility on agricultural trade}, volume={90}, ISSN={["1467-8276"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1467-8276.2008.01167.x}, abstractNote={AbstractI extend Cho, Sheldon, and McCorriston's (2002) analysis of the effect of exchange rate volatility on agricultural trade among the G‐10 countries to a broad sample of developed and developing nations. I replicate their original finding that exchange rate volatility has a large negative impact on agricultural trade between G‐10 members. After controlling for agricultural export subsidies, which are correlated with exchange rate volatility, I show that the original impact declines by half. Using the extended sample, I find that the effect of exchange rate volatility is much larger for developing country exporters than for developed exporters.}, number={4}, journal={AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS}, author={Kandilov, Ivan T.}, year={2008}, month={Nov}, pages={1028–1043} }