@article{springer_harrysson_marcellin-little_bernacki_2014, title={In vitro dermal and epidermal cellular response to titanium alloy implants fabricated with electron beam melting}, volume={36}, ISSN={["1873-4030"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.medengphy.2014.07.004}, abstractNote={Transdermal osseointegrated prostheses (TOPs) are emerging as an alternative to socket prostheses. Electron beam melting (EBM) is a promising additive manufacturing technology for manufacture of custom, freeform titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) implants. Skin ongrowth for infection resistance and mechanical stability are critically important to the success of TOP, which can be influenced by material composition and surface characteristics. We assessed viability and proliferation of normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) and normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) on several Ti6Al4V surfaces: solid polished commercial, solid polished EBM, solid unpolished EBM and porous unpolished EBM. Cell proliferation was evaluated at days 2 and 7 using alamarBlue(®) and cell viability was analyzed with a fluorescence-based live-dead assay after 1 week. NHDF and NHEK were viable and proliferated on all Ti6Al4V surfaces. NHDF proliferation was highest on commercial and EBM polished surfaces. NHEK was highest on commercial polished surfaces. All EBM Ti6Al4V discs exhibited an acceptable biocompatibility profile compared to solid Ti6Al4V discs from a commercial source for dermal and epidermal cells. EBM may be considered as an option for fabrication of custom transdermal implants.}, number={10}, journal={MEDICAL ENGINEERING & PHYSICS}, author={Springer, Jessica Collins and Harrysson, Ola L. A. and Marcellin-Little, Denis J. and Bernacki, Susan H.}, year={2014}, month={Oct}, pages={1367–1372} }
 @article{haslauer_springer_harrysson_loboa_monteiro-riviere_marcellin-little_2010, title={In vitro biocompatibility of titanium alloy discs made using direct metal fabrication}, volume={32}, ISSN={["1873-4030"]}, url={http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000279857300014&KeyUID=WOS:000279857300014}, DOI={10.1016/j.medengphy.2010.04.003}, abstractNote={Custom orthopedic implants may be generated using free-form fabrication methods (FFF) such as electron beam melting (EBM). EBM FFF may be used to make solid metal implants whose surface is often polished using CNC machining and porous scaffolds that are usually left unpolished. We assessed the in vitro biocompatibility of EBM titanium–6 aluminum–4 vanadium (Ti6Al4V) structures by comparing the cellular response to solid polished, solid unpolished, and porous EBM discs to the cellular response to discs made of commercially produced Ti6Al4V. The discs were seeded with 20,000 human adipose-derived adult stem cells (hASCs) and assessed for cell viability, proliferation, and release of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8). Cell viability was assessed with Live/Dead staining 8 days after seeding. Cell proliferation was assessed using alamarBlue assays at days 0, 1, 2, 3, and 7. The hASCs were alive on all discs after 8 days. Cellular proliferation on porous EBM discs was increased at days 2, 3, and 7 compared to discs made of commercial Ti6Al4V. Cellular proliferation on porous EBM discs was also increased compared to solid polished and unpolished EBM discs. IL-6 and IL-8 releases at day 7 were lower for porous EBM discs than for other discs. Solid polished, unpolished, and porous EBM Ti6Al4V discs exhibited an acceptable biocompatibility profile compared to solid Ti6Al4V discs from a commercial source. EBM FFF may be considered as an option for the fabrication of custom orthopedic implants.}, number={6}, journal={MEDICAL ENGINEERING & PHYSICS}, author={Haslauer, Carla Maria and Springer, Jessica Collins and Harrysson, Ola L. A. and Loboa, Elizabeth G. and Monteiro-Riviere, Nancy A. and Marcellin-Little, Denis J.}, year={2010}, month={Jul}, pages={645–652} }