@article{chen_yang_zhou_moering_yin_gong_zhao_2017, title={Mechanical Properties of Gradient Structure Mg Alloy}, volume={48A}, ISSN={["1543-1940"]}, DOI={10.1007/s11661-017-4216-5}, number={9}, journal={METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE}, author={Chen, Hongliang and Yang, Jiang and Zhou, Hao and Moering, Jordan and Yin, Zhe and Gong, Yulan and Zhao, Kunyu}, year={2017}, month={Sep}, pages={3961–3970} }
 @article{ma_huang_moering_ruppert_hoeppel_goeken_narayan_zhu_2016, title={Mechanical properties of copper/bronze laminates: Role of interfaces}, volume={116}, ISSN={["1873-2453"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2016.06.023}, DOI={10.1016/j.actamat.2016.06.023}, abstractNote={Interfaces play a crucial role in mechanical behaviors of both laminated and gradient structured materials. In this work, copper/bronze laminates with varying interface spacing were fabricated by accumulative roll bonding and subsequent annealing to systematically study the interface effect on mechanical properties. Heterogeneities exist in chemical composition, grain size, hardness and texture across the interfaces. Simultaneous improvement of strength and ductility with decreasing interface spacing is found in tensile tests. Extra geometrically necessary dislocations (GNDs) are found to accumulate in the vicinity of interfaces, which is due to mechanical incompatibility across the interfaces. Importantly, an interface-affected zone spanning a few micrometers was found, which is not affected by interface spacing. These observations suggest the existence of an optimum spacing, which may produce the highest hardening capacity and ductility without sacrificing strength.}, journal={ACTA MATERIALIA}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Ma, Xiaolong and Huang, Chongxiang and Moering, Jordan and Ruppert, Mathis and Hoeppel, Heinz Werner and Goeken, Mathias and Narayan, Jagdish and Zhu, Yuntian}, year={2016}, month={Sep}, pages={43–52} }
 @article{yin_yang_ma_moering_yang_gong_zhu_zhu_2016, title={Strength and ductility of gradient structured copper obtained by surface mechanical attrition treatment}, volume={105}, ISSN={["1873-4197"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.matdes.2016.05.015}, abstractNote={By using surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) at room temperature, a gradient structure (GS) is generated in the surface layer of bulk pure copper samples, which exhibits good uniform elongation and high yield strength simultaneously. Changing SMAT processing time leads to different gradient structures with various component fractions and therefore tune their mechanical properties. The yield strength of the SMAT samples is much higher than the sum of standalone GS layer and coarse-grained (CG) matrix, indicating a synergetic strengthening. Repeated stress relaxation tests were performed to characterize the evolution of mobile dislocations. It was found that the relative mobile dislocation density of SMAT processed sample first drops and then increases with increasing tensile strain. The evolution of mobile dislocations correlates well with strain-hardening evolution. These observations provide insight for the superior combination of high strength and good ductility in SMAT samples.}, journal={MATERIALS & DESIGN}, author={Yin, Zhe and Yang, Xincheng and Ma, Xiaolong and Moering, Jordan and Yang, Jian and Gong, Yulan and Zhu, Yuntian and Zhu, Xinkun}, year={2016}, month={Sep}, pages={89–95} }
 @article{moering_ma_malkin_yang_zhu_mathaudhu_2016, title={Synergetic strengthening far beyond rule of mixtures in gradient structured aluminum rod}, volume={122}, ISSN={["1359-6462"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.scriptamat.2016.05.006}, abstractNote={Gradient structured metals have been reported to exhibit high strength and high ductility. Here we report that the strength of gradient structured aluminum rod is much higher than the value calculated using the rule of mixtures. The mechanical incompatibility in the gradient structured round sample produced 3D stress states, extraordinary strengthening and good ductility. An out of plane {111} wire texture was developed during the testing, which contributes to the evolution of the stress state and mechanical behavior.}, journal={SCRIPTA MATERIALIA}, author={Moering, Jordan and Ma, Xiaolong and Malkin, Jacob and Yang, Muxin and Zhu, Yuntian and Mathaudhu, Suveen}, year={2016}, month={Sep}, pages={106–109} }
 @article{ma_xu_zhou_moering_narayan_zhu_2015, title={Alloying effect on grain-size dependent deformation twinning in nanocrystalline Cu-Zn alloys}, volume={95}, ISSN={["1478-6443"]}, DOI={10.1080/14786435.2014.1000418}, abstractNote={Grain-size dependency of deformation twinning has been previously reported in nanocrystalline face-centred-cubic metals, which results in an optimum grain-size range for twin formation. Here, we report, for the first time in experiments, the observed optimum grain sizes for deformation twins in nanocrystalline Cu–Zn alloys which slightly increase with increasing Zn content. This result agrees with the reported trend but is much weaker than predicted by stacking-fault-energy based models. Our results indicate that alloying changes the relationship between the stacking-fault and twin-fault energy and therefore affects the optimum grain size for deformation twinning. These observations should be also applicable to other alloy systems.}, number={3}, journal={PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE}, author={Ma, X. L. and Xu, W. Z. and Zhou, H. and Moering, J. A. and Narayan, J. and Zhu, Y. T.}, year={2015}, month={Jan}, pages={301–310} }
 @article{cai_ma_moering_zhou_yang_zhu_2015, title={Enhanced mechanical properties in Cu-Zn alloys with a gradient structure by surface mechanical attrition treatment at cryogenic temperature}, volume={626}, ISSN={["1873-4936"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.msea.2014.12.070}, abstractNote={This paper describes the effects of gradient structure on mechanical properties of Cu–Zn alloys processed by surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) at liquid nitrogen temperature (77 K). This method leads to the formation of a gradient structure with surface fine-grained regions and a coarse-grained interior. In this study, a fine-grained surface layer with a thickness of 10 μm is formed on a coarse-grained Cu–Zn alloy sheet after the cryogenic SMAT process. Microstructural observations and microhardness measurements demonstrate that a significant microstructure refinement in grain size and a gradient increase in hardness from the coarse-grained core to the top surface. Tensile tests at room temperature showed superior strength–ductility synergy for the SMAT sample.}, journal={MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING}, author={Cai, Baozhuang and Ma, Xiaolong and Moering, Jordan and Zhou, Hao and Yang, Xincheng and Zhu, Xinkun}, year={2015}, month={Feb}, pages={144–149} }
 @article{zhou_wang_guo_ye_jian_xu_ma_moering_2015, title={Finite element simulation and experimental investigation on homogeneity of Mg-9.8Gd-2.7Y-0.4Zr magnesium alloy processed by repeated-upsetting}, volume={225}, ISSN={["0924-0136"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2015.06.010}, abstractNote={A novel severe plastic deformation (SPD) process called repeated-upsetting (RU), which produces homogenous samples of large size, is employed to process a high performance magnesium alloy Mg-9.8Gd-2.7Y-0.4Zr at 350 °C with 1–4 passes. Homogenous microstructure and mechanical properties can be achieved after 4 passes of RU. Experimental and finite-element modeling results show that effective strain accumulation with more passes can improve both grain refinement and micro-hardness of samples.}, journal={JOURNAL OF MATERIALS PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY}, author={Zhou, H. and Wang, Q. D. and Guo, W. and Ye, B. and Jian, W. W. and Xu, W. Z. and Ma, X. L. and Moering, J.}, year={2015}, month={Nov}, pages={310–317} }
 @article{yang_ma_moering_zhou_wang_gong_tao_zhu_zhu_2015, title={Influence of gradient structure volume fraction on the mechanical properties of pure copper}, volume={645}, ISSN={["1873-4936"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.msea.2015.08.037}, abstractNote={This paper reports the influence of gradient structure volume fraction on the tensile mechanical behaviors of pure copper processed by surface mechanical attrition treatment at cryogenic temperature. Superior combinations of tensile strength and ductility are observed in a certain volume fraction, in which strain hardening uprising after yielding is also observed. The gradient structure produces a synergetic strengthening and extra work hardening. These findings suggest the existence of an optimum volume fraction of gradient structure for the best mechanical properties.}, journal={MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING}, author={Yang, Xincheng and Ma, Xiaolong and Moering, Jordan and Zhou, Hao and Wang, Wei and Gong, Yulan and Tao, Jingmei and Zhu, Yuntian and Zhu, Xinkun}, year={2015}, month={Oct}, pages={280–285} }
 @article{moering_ma_chen_miao_li_qian_mathaudhu_zhu_2015, title={The role of shear strain on texture and microstructural gradients in low carbon steel processed by Surface Mechanical Attrition Treatment}, volume={108}, ISSN={["1359-6462"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.scriptamat.2015.06.027}, abstractNote={In this study, the shear strain at various depths of a low carbon steel processed by Surface Mechanical Attrition Treatment (SMAT) was measured using deformed carbide bands as internal strain markers. The shear strain gradient is found to strongly correlate with the gradients of texture, microstructure and hardness. The microhardness increases approximately linearly with shear strain, but deviates at the top surface. In the top surface, the average ferrite grain size is reduced to 60 nm with a strong {1 1 0}//SMAT surface texture.}, journal={SCRIPTA MATERIALIA}, author={Moering, Jordan and Ma, Xiaolong and Chen, Guizhen and Miao, Pifeng and Li, Guozhong and Qian, Gang and Mathaudhu, Suveen and Zhu, Yuntian}, year={2015}, month={Nov}, pages={100–103} }