@article{moulton_zambon_xue_warner_bao_yin_defne_he_hegermiller_2024, title={Modeled Coastal-Ocean Pathways of Land-Sourced Contaminants in the Aftermath of Hurricane Florence}, volume={129}, ISSN={["2169-9291"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JC019685}, DOI={10.1029/2023JC019685}, abstractNote={Extreme precipitation during Hurricane Florence, which made landfall in North Carolina in September 2018, led to breaches of hog waste lagoons, coal ash pits, and wastewater facilities. In the weeks following the storm, freshwater discharge carried pollutants, sediment, organic matter, and debris to the coastal ocean, contributing to beach closures, algae blooms, hypoxia, and other ecosystem impacts. Here, the ocean pathways of land‐sourced contaminants following Hurricane Florence are investigated using the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) with a river point source with fixed water properties from a hydrologic model (WRF‐Hydro) of the Cape Fear River Basin, North Carolina's largest watershed. Patterns of contaminant transport in the coastal ocean are quantified with a finite duration tracer release based on observed flooding of agricultural and industrial facilities. A suite of synthetic events also was simulated to investigate the sensitivity of the river plume transport pathways to river discharge and wind direction. The simulated Hurricane Florence discharge event led to westward (downcoast) transport of contaminants in a coastal current, along with intermittent storage and release of material in an offshore (bulge) or eastward (upcoast) region near the river mouth, modulated by alternating upwelling and downwelling winds. The river plume patterns led to a delayed onset and long duration of contaminants affecting beaches 100 km to the west, days to weeks after the storm. Maps of the onset and duration of hypothetical water quality hazards for a range of weather conditions may provide guidance to managers on the timing of swimming/shellfishing advisories and water quality sampling.}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS}, author={Moulton, Melissa and Zambon, Joseph B. and Xue, Z. George and Warner, John C. and Bao, Daoyang and Yin, Dongxiao and Defne, Zafer and He, Ruoying and Hegermiller, Christie}, year={2024}, month={Mar} }
 @article{bane_seim_haines_han_he_zambon_2023, title={Atmospheric forcing of the Hatteras coastal ocean during 2017-2018: The PEACH program}, volume={102}, ISSN={["1872-6879"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2023.101364}, abstractNote={The Hatteras coastal ocean is centrally located along the east coast of the 48 contiguous United States, offshore of Cape Hatteras in a complex land/ocean/atmosphere region where major ocean currents of differing temperatures and salinities meet and interact, where the atmosphere fluctuates on a wide range of time scales, and where atmosphere-ocean interactions vary both spatially and temporally. The Gulf Stream current typically leaves its contact with the continental margin here. Continental shelf currents from the north and from the south converge here, resulting in a net shelf-to-ocean transport of shelf waters that carry important water properties and constituents. The two major drivers of these shelf currents and exchanges are the atmosphere and the oceanic Gulf Stream. Atmospheric driving of the Hatteras coastal ocean is through surface wind stress and heat flux across the air-sea interface. The complexity and importance of this region motivated the NSF-sponsored PEACH research program during 2017–2018 (PEACH: Processes driving Exchange At Cape Hatteras). In this paper, we utilize the substantial number of observations available during PEACH to describe the atmospheric forcing of the ocean then. Atmospheric conditions are described in terms of two seasons: the warm season (May to mid-September), with predominantly mild northeastward winds punctuated by occasional tropical cyclones (TCs); and the cool season (mid-September through April), with a nearly continuous, northeastward progression of energetic extratropical cyclones (ETCs) through the region. Cool season ETCs force the region with strong wind stress and ocean-to-atmosphere heat flux episodes, each with a time-scale of several days. Wind stress fluctuation magnitudes typically exceed mean stress magnitudes in each season by a factor of 3–5. These stresses account for just over 40% of the total current variability in the region, showing the wind to be a major driver of the ocean here. Atmosphere-ocean heat flux is typically into the ocean throughout the warm season (~100 W m-2); it is essentially always out of the ocean during the cool season (~500 W m-2 or more). New results herein include: southward intraseasonal oscillations of the jet stream’s position drove the strongest ETCs (including one “bomb” cyclone); and during the 41 years leading up to and including PEACH, the season-averaged number and strength of atmospheric cyclones passing over the Hatteras coastal ocean have shown little long-term change. Looking ahead, the NSF Pioneer Array is scheduled to be relocated to the northern portion of the Hatteras coastal ocean in 2024, and the NASA SWOT satellite has begun its ocean topography mission, which has a ground-track cross-over here.}, journal={DYNAMICS OF ATMOSPHERES AND OCEANS}, author={Bane, John and Seim, Harvey and Haines, Sara and Han, Lu and He, Ruoying and Zambon, Joseph}, year={2023}, month={Jun} }
 @article{bao_xue_warner_moulton_yin_hegermiller_zambon_he_2022, title={A Numerical Investigation of Hurricane Florence-Induced Compound Flooding in the Cape Fear Estuary Using a Dynamically Coupled Hydrological-Ocean Model}, volume={14}, ISSN={["1942-2466"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1029/2022MS003131}, DOI={10.1029/2022MS003131}, abstractNote={Hurricane‐induced compound flooding is a combined result of multiple processes, including overland runoff, precipitation, and storm surge. This study presents a dynamical coupling method applied at the boundary of a processes‐based hydrological model (the hydrological modeling extension package of the Weather Research and Forecasting model) and the two‐dimensional Regional Ocean Modeling System on the platform of the Coupled‐Ocean‐Atmosphere‐Wave‐Sediment Transport Modeling System. The coupled model was adapted to the Cape Fear River Basin and adjacent coastal ocean in North Carolina, United States, which suffered severe losses due to the compound flood induced by Hurricane Florence in 2018. The model's robustness was evaluated via comparison against observed water levels in the watershed, estuary, and along the coast. With a series of sensitivity experiments, the contributions from different processes to the water level variations in the estuary were untangled and quantified. Based on the temporal evolution of wind, water flux, water level, and water‐level gradient, compound flooding in the estuary was categorized into four stages: (I) swelling, (II) local‐wind‐dominated, (III) transition, and (IV) overland‐runoff‐dominated. A nonlinear effect was identified between overland runoff and water level in the estuary, which indicated the estuary could serve as a buffer for surges from the ocean side by reducing the maximum surge height. Water budget analysis indicated that water in the estuary was flushed 10 times by overland runoff within 23 days after Florence's landfall.}, number={11}, journal={JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS}, author={Bao, Daoyang and Xue, Z. George and Warner, John C. C. and Moulton, Melissa and Yin, Dongxiao and Hegermiller, Christie A. A. and Zambon, Joseph B. B. and He, Ruoying}, year={2022}, month={Nov} }
 @article{seim_savidge_andres_bane_edwards_gawarkiewicz_he_todd_muglia_zambon_et al._2022, title={OVERVIEW OF THE PROCESSES DRIVING EXCHANGE AT CAPE HATTERAS(PROGRAM)}, volume={35}, ISSN={["1042-8275"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2022.205}, DOI={10.5670/oceanog.2022.205}, abstractNote={The Processes driving Exchange At Cape Hatteras (PEACH) program seeks to better understand seawater exchanges between the continental shelf and the open ocean near Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. This location is where the Gulf Stream transitions from a boundary-trapped current to a free jet, and where robust along-shelf convergence brings cool, relatively fresh Middle Atlantic Bight and warm, salty South Atlantic Bight shelf waters together, forming an important and dynamic biogeographic boundary. The magnitude of this convergence implies large export of shelf water to the open ocean here. Background on the oceanography of the region provides motivation for the study and gives context for the measurements that were made. Science questions focus on the roles that wind forcing, Gulf Stream forcing, and lateral density gradients play in driving exchange. PEACH observational efforts include a variety of fixed and mobile observing platforms, and PEACH modeling included two different resolutions and data assimilation schemes. Findings to date on mean circulation, the nature of export from the southern Middle Atlantic Bight shelf, Gulf Stream variability, and position variability of the Hatteras Front are summarized, together with a look ahead to forthcoming analyses.}, number={2}, journal={OCEANOGRAPHY}, author={Seim, Harvey E. and Savidge, Dana and Andres, Magdalena and Bane, John and Edwards, Catherine and Gawarkiewicz, Glen and He, Ruoying and Todd, Robert E. and Muglia, Michael and Zambon, Joseph and et al.}, year={2022}, month={Sep}, pages={6–17} }
 @article{seim_savidge_andres_bane_edwards_gawarkiewicz_he_todd_muglia_zambon_et al._2022, title={Overview of the Processes Driving Exchange at Cape Hatteras Program}, volume={35}, number={2}, journal={Oceanography}, author={Seim, H.E. and Savidge, D. and Andres, M. and Bane, J. and Edwards, C. and Gawarkiewicz, G. and He, R. and Todd, R.E. and Muglia, M. and Zambon, J.B. and et al.}, year={2022}, month={Sep}, pages={6–17} }
 @article{zambon_he_warner_hegermiller_2021, title={Impact of SST and Surface Waves on Hurricane Florence (2018): A Coupled Modeling Investigation}, volume={36}, ISSN={0882-8156 1520-0434}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/WAF-D-20-0171.1}, DOI={10.1175/WAF-D-20-0171.1}, abstractNote={Hurricane Florence (2018) devastated the coastal communities of the Carolinas through heavy rainfall that resulted in massive flooding. Florence was characterized by an abrupt reduction in intensity (Saffir-Simpson Category 4 to Category 1) just prior to landfall and synoptic-scale interactions that stalled the storm over the Carolinas for several days. We conducted a series of numerical modeling experiments in coupled and uncoupled configurations to examine the impact of sea surface temperature (SST) and ocean waves on storm characteristics. In addition to experiments using a fully coupled atmosphere-ocean-wave model, we introduced the capability of the atmospheric model to modulate wind stress and surface fluxes by oceanwaves through data from an uncoupled wave model. We examined these experiments by comparing track, intensity, strength, SST, storm structure, wave height, surface roughness, heat fluxes, and precipitation in order to determine the impacts of resolving ocean conditions with varying degrees of coupling. We found differences in the storm’s intensity and strength, with the best correlation coefficient of intensity (r=0.89) and strength (r=0.95) coming from the fully-coupled simulations. Further analysis into surface roughness parameterizations added to the atmospheric model revealed differences in the spatial distribution and magnitude of the largest roughness lengths. Adding ocean andwave features to the model further modified the fluxes due to more realistic cooling beneath the stormwhich in turn modified the precipitation field. Our experiments highlight significant differences in how air-sea processes impact hurricane modeling. The storm characteristics of track, intensity, strength, and precipitation at landfall are crucial to predictability and forecasting of future landfalling hurricanes.}, number={5}, journal={Weather and Forecasting}, publisher={American Meteorological Society}, author={Zambon, Joseph B. and He, Ruoying and Warner, John C. and Hegermiller, Christie A.}, year={2021}, month={May}, pages={1713–1734} }
 @inproceedings{bane_seim_haines_he_zambon_gawarkiewicz_2020, title={Atmospheric forcing of the Hatteras coastal ocean during PEACH}, author={Bane, J. and Seim, H. and Haines, S. and He, R. and Zambon, J.B. and Gawarkiewicz, G.}, year={2020} }
 @inproceedings{warner_zambon_he_dafne_hegermiller_2020, title={Integrating WRF Hydro into the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere-Wave-Sediment Transport (COAWST) modeling system: application to Hurricane Florence (2018)}, author={Warner, J.C. and Zambon, J.B. and He, R. and Dafne, Z. and Hegermiller, C.}, year={2020} }
 @inproceedings{xue_bao_yin_he_zambon_moulton_warner_dafne_gochis_yu_2020, title={Investigating hurricane-induced compound flooding and sediment dispersal using coupled hydrology and ocean models}, author={Xue, Z.G. and Bao, D. and Yin, D. and He, R. and Zambon, J.B. and Moulton, M. and Warner, J.C. and Dafne, Z. and Gochis, D. and Yu, W.}, year={2020} }
 @inproceedings{zambon_he_warner_hegermiller_2020, title={Investigation of extreme weather, ocean current, wave, and coastal flooding during Hurricane Florence (2018) using the Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere–Wave–Sediment Transport (COAWST) model}, author={Zambon, J.B. and He, R. and Warner, J.C. and Hegermiller, C.}, year={2020} }
 @inproceedings{he_mao_zambon_bane_gawarkiewicz_todd_seim_edwards_andres_savidge_2020, title={Ocean responses to major hurricanes during PEACH: a model synthesis study}, author={He, R. and Mao, S. and Zambon, J.B. and Bane, J. and Gawarkiewicz, G. and Todd, R.E. and Seim, H. and Edwards, C. and Andres, M. and Savidge, D.}, year={2020} }
 @inproceedings{zambon_he_warner_hegermiller_2019, title={WRF explicit surface wave modeling experiments beneath Hurricane Florence (2018)}, author={Zambon, J.B. and He, R. and Warner, J.C. and Hegermiller, C.}, year={2019} }
 @inproceedings{rudzin_shay_jaimes_zambon_he_2018, title={Examining the influence of caribbean sea upper ocean variability on Hurricane Ivan (2004) using uncoupled and coupled simulations}, author={Rudzin, J.E. and Shay, L.K. and Jaimes, B. and Zambon, J.B. and He, R.}, year={2018} }
 @inproceedings{zambon_he_bane_2018, title={From top to bottom: an investigation of wintertime atmosphere-ocean interaction in the vicinity of the Gulf Stream in January 2018}, author={Zambon, J.B. and He, R. and Bane, J.}, year={2018} }
 @inproceedings{he_mao_zambon_2018, title={Hurricane Florence and its impact on coastal ocean off Carolinas, United States}, author={He, R. and Mao, S. and Zambon, J.B.}, year={2018} }
 @inproceedings{zambon_he_warner_zong_2018, title={Investigation of precipitation on upper-ocean stratification during Hurricanes Irene (2011) and Harvey (2017)}, author={Zambon, J.B. and He, R. and Warner, J.C. and Zong, H.}, year={2018} }
 @inproceedings{zambon_he_bane_2017, title={Preliminary comparisons of the Coupled Northwest Atlantic Prediction System (CNAPS) to data at the Cape Hatteras shelf break in April 2017}, author={Zambon, J.B. and He, R. and Bane, J.}, year={2017} }
 @inproceedings{zambon_he_warner_2016, title={Development of the Coupled Northwest Atlantic Prediction System (CNAPS}, author={Zambon, J.B. and He, R. and Warner, J.C.}, year={2016} }
 @inproceedings{he_woods_zambon_xue_2016, title={Monitoring the Gulf Stream and shelf environment in the South Atlantic Bight through integrated autonomous underwater glider observations and data assimilative ocean model predictions}, DOI={10.1109/oceansap.2016.7485539}, abstractNote={Gliders are the state-of-the-art autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV) that can operate unattended for roughly a month-long period in the ocean. Given a forward horizontal speed of 0.25 ms-1, gliders can cover ~ 25 km per day. They trace sawtooth profiles in the ocean by changing buoyancy, observing subsurface temperature, conductivity, and other water properties versus depth, and at the surface, fix position via Global Positioning System. Onshore team monitor and direct glider trajectories using two-way Iridium satellite communications, which permit near real-time delivery of observations and re-direction of mission/adaptive sampling. NCSU Ocean Observing and Modeling Group group has been running glider surveys in the South Atlantic Bight on a seasonal basis. Active research are being carried out to assimilate glider data along with other coastal ocean observations (satellite SST and SSH, mooring time series, HF Radar surface currents) into high resolution regional ocean model using advanced variational data assimilation schemes, providing a new look at along-shelf and cross-shelf exchanges associated with Gulf Stream dynamics.}, booktitle={Oceans 2016 - shanghai}, publisher={IEEE}, author={He, R. Y. and Woods, W. and Zambon, Joseph and Xue, Z.}, year={2016}, pages={1–4} }
 @inproceedings{ricchi_miglietta_benetazzo_warner_zambon_bonaldo_falcieri_bergamasco_sclavo_carniel_2015, title={A coupled atmosphere-ocean modelling system to investigate the exceptional winter 2012 conditions in the northern Adriatic Sea}, author={Ricchi, A. and Miglietta, M.M. and Benetazzo, A. and Warner, J.C. and Zambon, J.B. and Bonaldo, D. and Falcieri, F.M. and Bergamasco, A. and Sclavo, M. and Carniel, S.}, year={2015} }
 @article{xue_zambon_yao_liu_he_2015, title={An integrated ocean circulation, wave, atmosphere, and marine ecosystem prediction system for the South Atlantic Bight and Gulf of Mexico}, volume={8}, ISSN={1755-876X 1755-8778}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1755876X.2015.1014667}, DOI={10.1080/1755876x.2015.1014667}, abstractNote={An integrated nowcast/forecast modelling system covering the South Atlantic Bight and Gulf of Mexico (SABGOM) is in operation, utilizing sophisticated model coupling and parallel computing techniques. This three-dimensional, high-resolution, regional nowcast/forecast system provides a nowcast and an 84 h forecast of marine weather, ocean waves and circulation, and basic marine ecosystem conditions to the public via a Google Map interface. The SABGOM system runs automatically daily and supports a series of user-defined online applications. Extensive model validations were performed online against in situ and satellite-observed ocean conditions. The SABGOM system exhibits a reliable capability of providing valuable forecasts.}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Operational Oceanography}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Xue, Zuo and Zambon, Joseph and Yao, Zhigang and Liu, Yuchuan and He, Ruoying}, year={2015}, month={Jan}, pages={80–91} }
 @inproceedings{zambon_2015, title={Tropical to extratropical: marine environmental changes associated with Superstorm Sandy prior to its landfall}, author={Zambon, J.B.}, year={2015} }
 @phdthesis{zambon_2014, title={Air-sea interaction during landfalling tropical and extra-tropical cyclones}, url={http://repository.lib.ncsu.edu/ir/handle/1840.16/9951}, school={North Carolina State University}, author={Zambon, J.B.}, year={2014} }
 @inproceedings{zambon_he_warner_2014, title={Investigation of Hurricane Sandydynamics using the 3-way Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere-Wave-Sediment Transport (COAWST) model}, author={Zambon, J.B. and He, R. and Warner, J.C.}, year={2014} }
 @article{zambon_he_warner_2014, title={Investigation of hurricane Ivan using the coupled ocean–atmosphere–wave–sediment transport (COAWST) model}, volume={64}, ISSN={1616-7341 1616-7228}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10236-014-0777-7}, DOI={10.1007/s10236-014-0777-7}, number={11}, journal={Ocean Dynamics}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Zambon, Joseph B. and He, Ruoying and Warner, John C.}, year={2014}, month={Oct}, pages={1535–1554} }
 @inproceedings{zambon_he_warner_2014, title={Northeast tropical/extra-tropical cyclone case studies: Irene (2011) and Sandy (2012)}, author={Zambon, J.B. and He, R. and Warner, J.C.}, year={2014} }
 @article{zambon_he_warner_2014, title={Tropical to extratropical: Marine environmental changes associated with Superstorm Sandy prior to its landfall}, volume={41}, ISSN={0094-8276}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014GL061357}, DOI={10.1002/2014gl061357}, abstractNote={Superstorm Sandy was a massive storm that impacted the U.S. East Coast on 22–31 October 2012, generating large waves, record storm surges, and major damage. The Coupled Ocean‐Atmosphere‐Wave‐Sediment Transport modeling system was applied to hindcast this storm. Sensitivity experiments with increasing complexity of air‐sea‐wave coupling were used to depict characteristics of this immense storm as it underwent tropical to extratropical transition. Regardless of coupling complexity, model‐simulated tracks were all similar to the observations, suggesting the storm track was largely determined by large‐scale synoptic atmospheric circulation, rather than by local processes resolved through model coupling. Analyses of the sea surface temperature, ocean heat content, and upper atmospheric shear parameters showed that as a result of the extratropical transition and despite the storm encountering much cooler shelf water, its intensity and strength were not significantly impacted. Ocean coupling was not as important as originally thought for Sandy.}, number={24}, journal={Geophysical Research Letters}, publisher={American Geophysical Union (AGU)}, author={Zambon, Joseph B. and He, Ruoying and Warner, John C.}, year={2014}, month={Dec}, pages={8935–8943} }
 @inproceedings{zambon_2014, title={Tropical to extratropical: marine environmental changes associated with Superstorm Sandy prior to its landfall}, author={Zambon, J.B.}, year={2014} }
 @inproceedings{he_zambon_yao_nelson_warner_2013, title={NCSU COAWST nowcast/forecast modeling system: implementation and examples}, author={He, R. and Zambon, J.B. and Yao, Z. and Nelson, J. and Warner, J.C.}, year={2013} }
 @inproceedings{he_xue_zambon_2012, title={An integrated ocean circulation, wave, atmosphere and marine ecosystem prediction system for the South Atlantic Bight and Gulf of Mexico}, author={He, R. and Xue, Z. and Zambon, J.B.}, year={2012} }
 @inproceedings{zambon_he_2012, title={Coupled application examples: modeling of tropicalcyclones}, author={Zambon, J.B. and He, R.}, year={2012} }
 @inproceedings{he_woods_xue_zambon_chen_li_gong_yin_2012, title={Glider surveys in the South Atlantic Bight: a component of an integrated coastal ocean observing and data assimilative prediction system}, author={He, R. and Woods, W. and Xue, Z. and Zambon, J.B. and Chen, K. and Li, Y. and Gong, Y. and Yin, Y.}, year={2012} }
 @inproceedings{zambon_he_warner_2012, title={Investigation of Hurricane Ivan using the 3-way Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere-Wave-Sediment Transport (COAWST) Model}, author={Zambon, J.B. and He, R. and Warner, J.C.}, year={2012} }
 @article{olabarrieta_warner_armstrong_zambon_he_2012, title={Ocean–atmosphere dynamics during Hurricane Ida and Nor’Ida: An application of the coupled ocean–atmosphere–wave–sediment transport (COAWST) modeling system}, volume={43-44}, ISSN={1463-5003}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2011.12.008}, DOI={10.1016/j.ocemod.2011.12.008}, abstractNote={The coupled ocean–atmosphere–wave–sediment transport (COAWST) modeling system was used to investigate atmosphere–ocean–wave interactions in November 2009 during Hurricane Ida and its subsequent evolution to Nor'Ida, which was one of the most costly storm systems of the past two decades. One interesting aspect of this event is that it included two unique atmospheric extreme conditions, a hurricane and a nor'easter storm, which developed in regions with different oceanographic characteristics. Our modeled results were compared with several data sources, including GOES satellite infrared data, JASON-1 and JASON-2 altimeter data, CODAR measurements, and wave and tidal information from the National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) and the National Tidal Database. By performing a series of numerical runs, we were able to isolate the effect of the interaction terms between the atmosphere (modeled with Weather Research and Forecasting, the WRF model), the ocean (modeled with Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS)), and the wave propagation and generation model (modeled with Simulating Waves Nearshore (SWAN)). Special attention was given to the role of the ocean surface roughness. Three different ocean roughness closure models were analyzed: DGHQ (which is based on wave age), TY2001 (which is based on wave steepness), and OOST (which considers both the effects of wave age and steepness). Including the ocean roughness in the atmospheric module improved the wind intensity estimation and therefore also the wind waves, surface currents, and storm surge amplitude. For example, during the passage of Hurricane Ida through the Gulf of Mexico, the wind speeds were reduced due to wave-induced ocean roughness, resulting in better agreement with the measured winds. During Nor'Ida, including the wave-induced surface roughness changed the form and dimension of the main low pressure cell, affecting the intensity and direction of the winds. The combined wave age- and wave steepness-based parameterization (OOST) provided the best results for wind and wave growth prediction. However, the best agreement between the measured (CODAR) and computed surface currents and storm surge values was obtained with the wave steepness-based roughness parameterization (TY2001), although the differences obtained with respect to DGHQ were not significant. The influence of sea surface temperature (SST) fields on the atmospheric boundary layer dynamics was examined; in particular, we evaluated how the SST affects wind wave generation, surface currents and storm surges. The integrated hydrograph and integrated wave height, parameters that are highly correlated with the storm damage potential, were found to be highly sensitive to the ocean surface roughness parameterization.}, journal={Ocean Modelling}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Olabarrieta, Maitane and Warner, John C. and Armstrong, Brandy and Zambon, Joseph B. and He, Ruoying}, year={2012}, month={Jan}, pages={112–137} }
 @inproceedings{zambon_2012, title={Using the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere-Wave-Sediment Transport(COAWST) model to forecast Hurricane Irene}, author={Zambon, J.B.}, year={2012} }
 @inproceedings{zambon_2011, title={Investigation of Hurricane Ivan using the 3-way Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere-Wave-Sediment Transport (COAWST) model}, author={Zambon, J.B.}, year={2011} }
 @inproceedings{zambon_he_warner_2011, title={Investigation of Hurricane Ivan using the 3-way Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere-Wave-Sediment Transport (COAWST) model}, author={Zambon, J.B. and He, R. and Warner, J.C.}, year={2011} }
 @inproceedings{warner_armstrong_olabarrieta_he_zambon_voulgaris_kumar_haas_2010, title={Development and application of a Coupled-Ocean-Atmosphere-Wave-Sediment Transport (COAWST) modeling system for nearshore environments}, author={Warner, J.C. and Armstrong, B.N. and Olabarrieta, M. and He, R. and Zambon, J.B. and Voulgaris, G. and Kumar, N. and Haas, K.A.}, year={2010} }
 @article{warner_armstrong_he_zambon_2010, title={Development of a Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere–Wave–Sediment Transport (COAWST) Modeling System}, volume={35}, ISSN={1463-5003}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2010.07.010}, DOI={10.1016/j.ocemod.2010.07.010}, abstractNote={Understanding the processes responsible for coastal change is important for managing our coastal resources, both natural and economic. The current scientific understanding of coastal sediment transport and geology suggests that examining coastal processes at regional scales can lead to significant insight into how the coastal zone evolves. To better identify the significant processes affecting our coastlines and how those processes create coastal change we developed a Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere–Wave–Sediment Transport (COAWST) Modeling System, which is comprised of the Model Coupling Toolkit to exchange data fields between the ocean model ROMS, the atmosphere model WRF, the wave model SWAN, and the sediment capabilities of the Community Sediment Transport Model. This formulation builds upon previous developments by coupling the atmospheric model to the ocean and wave models, providing one-way grid refinement in the ocean model, one-way grid refinement in the wave model, and coupling on refined levels. Herein we describe the modeling components and the data fields exchanged. The modeling system is used to identify model sensitivity by exchanging prognostic variable fields between different model components during an application to simulate Hurricane Isabel during September 2003. Results identify that hurricane intensity is extremely sensitive to sea surface temperature. Intensity is reduced when coupled to the ocean model although the coupling provides a more realistic simulation of the sea surface temperature. Coupling of the ocean to the atmosphere also results in decreased boundary layer stress and coupling of the waves to the atmosphere results in increased bottom stress. Wave results are sensitive to both ocean and atmospheric coupling due to wave–current interactions with the ocean and wave growth from the atmosphere wind stress. Sediment resuspension at regional scale during the hurricane is controlled by shelf width and wave propagation during hurricane approach.}, number={3}, journal={Ocean Modelling}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Warner, John C. and Armstrong, Brandy and He, Ruoying and Zambon, Joseph B.}, year={2010}, month={Jan}, pages={230–244} }
 @inproceedings{zambon_he_warner_2010, title={Investigation of Hurricane Ivan using the 3-way Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere-Wave-Sediment Transport (COAWST) model}, author={Zambon, J.B. and He, R. and Warner, J.C.}, year={2010} }
 @phdthesis{zambon_2009, title={An examination of tropical cyclone dynamics utilizing the 3-Way coupled ocean atmosphere wave sediment transport (COAWST) model}, url={http://repository.lib.ncsu.edu/ir/handle/1840.16/475}, school={North Carolina State University}, author={Zambon, J.B.}, year={2009} }
 @inproceedings{zambon_2009, title={Investigation of tropical cyclone using a new Coupled-Ocean-Atmosphere-Wave-Sediment Transport (COAWST) model}, author={Zambon, J.B.}, year={2009} }
 @inproceedings{warner_he_armstrong_zambon_2009, title={Numerical investigation of Hurricane Isabel Impacts}, author={Warner, J.C. and He, R. and Armstrong, B. and Zambon, J.B.}, year={2009} }
 @inproceedings{zambon_2009, title={Numerical investigation of Hurricane Ivan}, author={Zambon, J.B.}, year={2009} }
 @inproceedings{zambon_2008, title={Investigating a 3-way coupled model of a landfalling tropical cyclone}, author={Zambon, J.B.}, year={2008} }
 @inproceedings{zambon_he_warner_2008, title={Investigation of coastal ocean response to landfalling hurricane using Coupled-Ocean-Atmosphere-Wave-SedimentTransport (COAWST) model: idealized experiments}, author={Zambon, J.B. and He, R. and Warner, J.C.}, year={2008} }
 @inproceedings{he_warner_armstrong_zambon_2008, title={Investigation of coastal ocean response to landfalling hurricane using a Coupled-Ocean-Atmosphere-Wave-Sediment Transport (COAWST) model: realistic hindcast}, author={He, R. and Warner, J.C. and Armstrong, B. and Zambon, J.B.}, year={2008} }
 @inproceedings{warner_armstrong_he_zambon_2008, title={Using a Coupled-Ocean-Atmosphere-Wave-Sediment Transport (COAWST) modeling system to investigate impacts of storms on coastal systems}, author={Warner, J.C. and Armstrong, B. and He, R. and Zambon, J.B.}, year={2008} }