@article{suppa_andres_dunne_arram_morgan_chen_2024, title={Autotetraploid Induction of Three A-Genome Wild Peanut Species, <i>Arachis cardenasii</i>, <i>A. correntina</i>, and <i>A. diogoi</i>}, volume={15}, ISSN={["2073-4425"]}, url={https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/15/3/303}, DOI={10.3390/genes15030303}, abstractNote={A-genome Arachis species (AA; 2n = 2x = 20) are commonly used as secondary germplasm sources in cultivated peanut breeding, Arachis hypogaea L. (AABB; 2n = 4x = 40), for the introgression of various biotic and abiotic stress resistance genes. Genome doubling is critical to overcoming the hybridization barrier of infertility that arises from ploidy-level differences between wild germplasm and cultivated peanuts. To develop improved genome doubling methods, four trials of various concentrations of the mitotic inhibitor treatments colchicine, oryzalin, and trifluralin were tested on the seedlings and seeds of three A-genome species, A. cardenasii, A. correntina, and A. diogoi. A total of 494 seeds/seedlings were treated in the present four trials, with trials 1 to 3 including different concentrations of the three chemical treatments on seedlings, and trial 4 focusing on the treatment period of 5 mM colchicine solution treatment of seeds. A small number of tetraploids were produced from the colchicine and oryzalin gel treatments of seedlings, but all these tetraploid seedlings reverted to diploid or mixoploid states within six months of treatment. In contrast, the 6-h colchicine solution treatment of seeds showed the highest tetraploid conversion rate (6–13% of total treated seeds or 25–40% of surviving seedlings), and the tetraploid plants were repeatedly tested as stable tetraploids. In addition, visibly and statistically larger leaves and flowers were produced by the tetraploid versions of these three species compared to their diploid versions. As a result, stable tetraploid plants of each A-genome species were produced, and a 5 mM colchicine seed treatment is recommended for A-genome and related wild Arachis species genome doubling.}, number={3}, journal={GENES}, author={Suppa, Robert W. and Andres, Ryan J. and Dunne, Jeffrey C. and Arram, Ramsey F. and Morgan, Thomas B. and Chen, Hsuan}, year={2024}, month={Mar} }
 @article{foote_jordan_gorny_dunne_lux_ahumada_shew_brandenburg_ye_2024, title={Influence of Cropping Sequence and Tillage System on Plant-Parasitic Nematodes and Peanut (<i>Arachis hypogaea</i>) Response to Fluopyram Applied at Planting}, volume={14}, ISSN={["2073-4395"]}, DOI={10.3390/agronomy14040875}, abstractNote={Crop sequence and tillage can affect the yield of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and other crops. Research was conducted from 2006 through 2022 to determine the response of peanut to previous crop sequences including corn (Zea mays L.) and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) planted in continuous conventional tillage (e.g., disking, field cultivating, and bedding with in-row sub-soiling) or strip tillage (e.g., tilling a 45 cm section on rows spaced 91 cm apart using fluted coulters, rolling baskets, and in-row sub-soiling). In 2013, 2019, and 2022, the entire test area was planted with peanut. In 2019 and 2022, peanut was planted without or with fluopyram applied in the seed furrow at planting. Decreasing the number of years between peanut planting resulted in lower peanut yields compared with fewer years of peanut planting in the rotation sequence. Continuous conventional tillage and strip tillage resulted in similar peanut yields at one location, while the yield was lower at a second location when peanut was planted in continuous strip tillage. Fluopyram did not affect peanut yield regardless of previous crop rotation sequence, the number of years separating peanut plantings, or the tillage system. However, minor differences in the populations of plant-parasitic nematodes in soil were noted when comparing fluopyram treatment. The results from these experiments indicate that while fluopyram can reduce the populations of some plant-parasitic nematodes in soil, the magnitude of reduction does not translate into increases in peanut yield.}, number={4}, journal={AGRONOMY-BASEL}, author={Foote, Ethan and Jordan, David and Gorny, Adrienne and Dunne, Jeffrey and Lux, Leann and Ahumada, Daisy and Shew, Barbara and Brandenburg, Rick and Ye, Weimin}, year={2024}, month={Apr} }
 @article{kumar_haak_dunne_balota_2024, title={Phenotypic Dissection of Drought Tolerance in Virginia and Carolinas within a Recombinant Inbred Line Population Involving a Spanish and a Virginia-Type Peanut Lines}, volume={14}, ISSN={["2077-0472"]}, DOI={10.3390/agriculture14060908}, abstractNote={Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a rainfed crop grown in both tropical and subtropical agro-climatic regions of the world where drought causes around 20% yield losses per year. In the United States, annual losses caused by drought are around $50 million. The objective of this research was to (1) identify genetic variation for the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), canopy temperature depression (CTD), relative chlorophyll content by SPAD reading (SCMR), CO2 assimilation rate, and wilting among recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from two diverse parents N08086olJCT and ICGV 86015, to (2) determine if the physiological traits can be used for expediting selection for drought tolerance, and (3) experimental validation to identify lines with improved yield under water-limited conditions. Initially, 337 lines were phenotyped under rainfed production and a selected subset of 52 RILs were tested under rainout shelters, where drought was imposed for eight weeks during the midseason (July and August). We found that under induced drought, pod yield was negatively correlated with wilting and CTD, i.e., cooler canopy and high yield correlated positively with the NDVI and SPAD. These traits could be used to select genotypes with high yields under drought stress. RILs #73, #56, #60, and #31 performed better in terms of yield under both irrigated and drought conditions compared to check varieties Bailey, a popular high-yielding commercial cultivar, and GP-NC WS 17, a drought-tolerant germplasm.}, number={6}, journal={AGRICULTURE-BASEL}, author={Kumar, Naveen and Haak, David C. and Dunne, Jeffrey C. and Balota, Maria}, year={2024}, month={Jun} }
 @article{jones_andres_owen_dunne_contreras_cahoon_jennings_leon_everman_2023, title={Confirmation of a five-way herbicide-resistant Amaranthus tuberculatus population in North Carolina}, volume={7}, ISSN={["1365-3180"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1111/wre.12590}, DOI={10.1111/wre.12590}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={WEED RESEARCH}, author={Jones, Eric A. L. and Andres, Ryan J. and Owen, Micheal D. K. and Dunne, Jeffrey C. and Contreras, Diego J. and Cahoon, Charles W. and Jennings, Katherine M. and Leon, Ramon G. and Everman, Wesley J.}, year={2023}, month={Jul} }
 @article{jones_austin_dunne_leon_everman_2023, title={Discrimination between protoporphyrinogen oxidase-inhibiting herbicide-resistant and herbicide-susceptible redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) with spectral reflectance}, volume={5}, ISSN={["1550-2759"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1017/wsc.2023.25}, DOI={10.1017/wsc.2023.25}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={WEED SCIENCE}, author={Jones, Eric A. L. and Austin, Robert and Dunne, Jeffrey C. and Leon, Ramon G. and Everman, Wesley J.}, year={2023}, month={May} }
 @article{fletcher_patterson_dunne_saski_fallen_2023, title={Evaluating the Effects of Flooding Stress during Multiple Growth Stages in Soybean}, volume={13}, ISSN={["2073-4395"]}, DOI={10.3390/agronomy13051243}, abstractNote={Flooding is becoming an increasing concern for soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) production worldwide due to the sensitivity of most cultivars grown today to flood stress. Flooding can stunt plant growth and limit yield, causing significant economic loss. One sustainable approach to improve performance under flood stress is to develop flood-tolerant soybean cultivars. This study was conducted to evaluate soybean genotypes for the response to flood stress at three critical growth stages of production—germination, early vegetative growth (V1 and V4), and early reproductive growth (R1). The results demonstrated that stress imposed by flooding significantly affected soybean yield for each growth stage studied. The average germination rate over the various treatments ranged from 95% to 46%. Despite the poor germination rates after the extended flood treatments, the flood-tolerant genotypes maintained a germination rate of >80% after 8 h of flooding. The germination rate of the susceptible genotypes was significantly lower, ranging 58–63%. Imposing flood stress at the V1 and V4 growth stage also resulted in significant differences between the tolerant and susceptible genotypes. Genotypes with the highest level of flood tolerance continually outperformed the susceptible genotypes with an average 30% decrease in foliar damage based on visual scoring and a 10% increase in biomass. The yield of the tolerant genotypes was also on average 25% higher compared to the susceptible genotypes. These results suggest that breeding for flood tolerance in soybean can increase resiliency during crucial growth stages and increase yield under flood conditions. In addition, the genotypes developed from this research can be used as breeding stock to further make improvements to flood tolerance in soybean.}, number={5}, journal={AGRONOMY-BASEL}, author={Fletcher, Elizabeth and Patterson, Robert and Dunne, Jeffery and Saski, Christopher and Fallen, Benjamin}, year={2023}, month={Apr} }
 @article{newman_andres_youngblood_campbell_simpson_cannon_scheffler_oakley_hulse-kemp_dunne_2023, title={Initiation of genomics-assisted breeding in Virginia-type peanuts through the generation of a de novo reference genome and informative markers}, volume={13}, ISSN={["1664-462X"]}, DOI={10.3389/fpls.2022.1073542}, abstractNote={IntroductionVirginia-type peanut, Arachis hypogaea subsp. hypogaea, is the second largest market class of peanut cultivated in the United States. It is mainly used for large-seeded, in-shell products. Historically, Virginia-type peanut cultivars were developed through long-term recurrent phenotypic selection and wild species introgression projects. Contemporary genomic technologies represent a unique opportunity to revolutionize the traditional breeding pipeline. While there are genomic tools available for wild and cultivated peanuts, none are tailored specifically to applied Virginia-type cultivar development programs.}, journal={FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE}, author={Newman, Cassondra S. S. and Andres, Ryan J. J. and Youngblood, Ramey C. C. and Campbell, Jacqueline D. D. and Simpson, Sheron A. A. and Cannon, Steven B. B. and Scheffler, Brian E. E. and Oakley, Andrew T. T. and Hulse-Kemp, Amanda M. M. and Dunne, Jeffrey C. C.}, year={2023}, month={Jan} }
 @article{jordan_buol_brandenburg_shew_wilkerson_lassiter_dunne_gorny_washburn_hoisington_et al._2022, title={A Risk Tool and Production Log Created using Microsoft Excel to Manage Pests in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)}, volume={13}, ISSN={["2155-7470"]}, DOI={10.1093/jipm/pmac006}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT}, author={Jordan, David L. and Buol, Greg S. and Brandenburg, Rick L. and Shew, Barbara B. and Wilkerson, Gail G. and Lassiter, Bridget R. and Dunne, Jeff and Gorny, Adrienne and Washburn, Derek and Hoisington, David and et al.}, year={2022}, month={Jan} }
 @article{larsen_austin_dunne_kudenov_2022, title={Drone-based polarization imaging for phenotyping peanut in response to leaf spot disease}, volume={12112}, ISBN={["978-1-5106-5100-5"]}, ISSN={["1996-756X"]}, DOI={10.1117/12.2623073}, abstractNote={Polarization imaging has been used extensively in applications related to atmospheric monitoring, remote sensing, and quality control. However, it has been used less extensively in agricultural applications, where color sensing - either red, green, and blue (RGB) imaging, multispectral, and/or hyperspectral cameras are more common. In this paper, we discuss our preliminary results related to the use of polarization imaging to quantify defoliation in peanut plants in response to leaf spot disease. A key metric for breeding resistant peanut varieties involves identifying the point at which defoliation occurs. Since defoliation is a geometrical property of the plant canopy, we investigated whether polarization imaging can provide a better-automated score when compared to conventional visual scoring. Initial results are presented, as well as a discussion of our drone-based platform and our experimental trials conducted during the 2021 North Carolina growing season.}, journal={POLARIZATION: MEASUREMENT, ANALYSIS, AND REMOTE SENSING XV}, author={Larsen, Joshua C. and Austin, Robert and Dunne, Jeffrey and Kudenov, Michael W.}, year={2022} }
 @article{fritz_dean_hendrix_andres_newman_oakley_clevenger_dunne_2022, title={Flavor quality and composition of accession resources in the North Carolina State University peanut breeding program}, volume={7}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, DOI={10.1002/csc2.20774}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Fritz, Katelyn R. and Dean, Lisa L. and Hendrix, Keith W. and Andres, Ryan J. and Newman, Cassondra S. and Oakley, Andrew T. and Clevenger, Josh P. and Dunne, Jeffrey C.}, year={2022}, month={Jul} }
 @article{kumar_haak_dunne_balota_2022, title={Multilocation Evaluation of Virginia and Runner -Type Peanut Cultivars for Yield and Grade in Virginia-Carolina Region}, volume={12}, ISSN={["2073-4395"]}, DOI={10.3390/agronomy12123206}, abstractNote={The peanut is mostly grown in semi-arid tropical regions of the world, characterized by unpredictable rainfall amounts and distribution. Average annual precipitation in the Virginia–Carolina (VC) region is around 1300 mm; however, unpredictable distribution can result in significant periods of water deficit and subsequent reduction in yield and gross income. The development of new peanut cultivars with high yield and acceptable levels of yield stability across various water-availability scenarios is an important component of the peanut breeding program in Virginia and the Carolinas, where the large-seeded Virginia-type peanut is the predominantly grown market type. In addition, the simultaneous use of runner cultivars developed in the dryer southeastern region has been proposed as a practical solution to limited irrigation availability in the VC region. Still, the identification and adequate utilization of available commercial cultivars with the best combination of yield, drought tolerance, and gross income is more immediately beneficial to the peanut industry, yet this assessment has not been carried out to date. The aim of this study was to identify cultivars that maintain high yield and grade, therefore gross income, across a wide range of environmental conditions. We evaluated five commercially available Virginia and runner-type peanut cultivars for pod yield stability using multilocation trials over four years across 13 environments. Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) and different stability approaches were used to study genotype (G), environment (E), and their interaction (G × E) on pod yield. Pod yield stability was specifically assessed by using the Lin and Binn approach, Wricke’s ecovalence, Shukla’s stability, and the Finlay–Wilkinson approach. The combined analysis of variance showed highly significant effects (p ≤ 0.001) for genotypes, environments, and G × E for pod yield. The environments varied in yield (2840–8020 kg/ha). Bailey, Sullivan, and Wynne are Virginia-type cultivars. The grade factors SMK, SS, and TK changed with water regime within both market types. Among the runner cultivars, TUFRunner 297 presented high mean productivity; however, it showed specific adaptation to limited environmental conditions. Based on different stability approaches, this study concludes that Sullivan and Bailey are the most stable and adaptable cultivars across the testing environments, whereas Wynne exhibited specific adaptability to some environments. These findings have important implications for peanut cultivar recommendations in terms of meeting peanut industry standards for yield, grading quality, and breeding progress.}, number={12}, journal={AGRONOMY-BASEL}, author={Kumar, Naveen and Haak, David C. and Dunne, Jeffrey C. and Balota, Maria}, year={2022}, month={Dec} }
 @article{chamberlin_bennett_isleib_copeland_dunne_2022, title={Registration of 'Comrade' peanut}, volume={8}, ISSN={["1940-3496"]}, DOI={10.1002/plr2.20233}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS}, author={Chamberlin, Kelly and Bennett, Rebecca S. and Isleib, Thomas George and Copeland, Susan and Dunne, Jeffrey C.}, year={2022}, month={Aug} }
 @article{andres_dunne_2022, title={Understanding variation in oleic acid content of high-oleic virginia-type peanut}, volume={8}, ISSN={["1432-2242"]}, DOI={10.1007/s00122-022-04190-0}, abstractNote={Contamination at the FAD2B locus due to inadequate screening protocols is the primary cause of sporadic, insufficient oleic acid content in Virginia-type peanut. The high oleic trait in peanut is conditioned by loss-of-function mutations in a pair of homeologous enzymes and is well known to improve the shelf life of peanut products. As such, the trait is given high priority in current and future cultivars by the North Carolina State University peanut breeding program. For unknown reasons, high oleic cultivars and breeding lines intermittently failed to meet self-imposed thresholds for oleic acid content in internal testing. To determine why, a manual seed chipper, crude DNA isolation protocol, genotyping assays for both mutations, and a web-based SNP calling application were developed. The primary cause was determined to be contamination with normal oleic seeds resulting from inadequate screening protocols. In order to correct the problem, a faster screening method was acquired to accommodate a higher oleic acid threshold. Additionally, results showed the mutation in one homeolog is fixed in the program, dig date had no significant effect on oleic acid content, and minor modifiers segregating within the program explained 6% of the variation in oleic acid content.}, journal={THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS}, author={Andres, R. J. and Dunne, J. C.}, year={2022}, month={Aug} }
 @article{jones_austin_dunne_cahoon_jennings_leon_everman_2022, title={Utilization of image-based spectral reflectance to detect herbicide resistance in glufosinate-resistant and glufosinate-susceptible plants: a proof of concept}, volume={12}, ISSN={["1550-2759"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1017/wsc.2022.68}, DOI={10.1017/wsc.2022.68}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={WEED SCIENCE}, author={Jones, Eric A. L. and Austin, Robert and Dunne, Jeffrey C. and Cahoon, Charles W. and Jennings, Katherine M. and Leon, Ramon G. and Everman, Wesley J.}, year={2022}, month={Dec} }
 @article{anco_balota_dunne_brown_2021, title={Sound Splits as Influenced by Seed Size for Runner and Virginia Market Type Peanut Shelled on a Reciprocating Sheller}, volume={11}, ISSN={["2073-4395"]}, DOI={10.3390/agronomy11091869}, abstractNote={The objective of this study was to examine peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) kernel percent sound splits as a function of sound mature kernel seed size when shelled on a reciprocating sheller. Data were compiled from a total of 139 field experiments conducted in the Virginia-Carolina region and Georgia from 2005 to 2020. Runner and Virginia peanut market types were graded according to United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) standards using standard sheller screens with upper grid sizes corresponding to the red pan from the pre-sizer of 10.3 × 19.1 mm (26/64 × 3/4 ″) and 13.5 × 25.4 mm (34/64 × 1 ″) with minimum bar grid clearances of 8.7 (11/32 ″) and 12.7 mm (1/2 ″), respectively. A subset of runner market type samples was graded using the Virginia sheller screen. Grade data per market type and sheller screen was analyzed separately. Among runner market types shelled with the standard runner-type screen, percent sound splits increased linearly with increasing seed size at the logit rate of 1.16 per sound mature kernel g (p < 0.001). Sound splits for Virginia and runner market types shelled on the standard Virginia-type screen did not significantly vary by kernel size (p = 0.939 and 0.687, respectively). Extra-large kernels (proportion) for Virginia types linearly increased with seed size at 1.91 per sound mature kernel g (logit scale) (p < 0.001). Runner market types sized 75 to 91 g/100 sound mature kernels (605 to 500 seed/lb) were estimated to have a 50% probability of a 2.3 to 4.5% or greater increase in sound splits when shelled with the standard runner-type screen compared to runner-type seed sized 55 g/100 sound mature kernels (820 seed/lb), respectively, equivalent to a potential deduction increase of 1.8 to 4.4 USD /1000 kg. For both Virginia and runner market types, seed weight linearly increased with pod weight at 0.169 and 0.195 g/g (p < 0.001), respectively. Results from this study may be used as a reference to suggest runner-type seed sizes above which larger reciprocating sheller screen utilization in line with USDA grading practices is warranted to reduce mechanically induced sound splits during grading and subsequent economic deduction penalties for corresponding farmer stock peanut.}, number={9}, journal={AGRONOMY-BASEL}, author={Anco, Daniel J. and Balota, Maria and Dunne, Jeffrey C. and Brown, Nino}, year={2021}, month={Sep} }
 @article{rogers_dunne_romay_bohn_buckler_ciampitti_edwards_ertl_flint-garcia_gore_et al._2021, title={The importance of dominance and genotype-by-environment interactions on grain yield variation in a large-scale public cooperative maize experiment}, volume={11}, ISSN={["2160-1836"]}, DOI={10.1093/g3journal/jkaa050}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={2}, journal={G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS}, author={Rogers, Anna R. and Dunne, Jeffrey C. and Romay, Cinta and Bohn, Martin and Buckler, Edward S. and Ciampitti, Ignacio A. and Edwards, Jode and Ertl, David and Flint-Garcia, Sherry and Gore, Michael A. and et al.}, year={2021}, month={Feb} }
 @article{brown_yu_holloway_dacosta_bernstein_lu_tuong_patton_dunne_arellano_et al._2020, title={Differences in proteome response to cold acclimation in Zoysia japonica cultivars with different levels of freeze tolerance}, volume={60}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, DOI={10.1002/csc2.20225}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={5}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Brown, Jessica M. and Yu, Xingwang and Holloway, H. McCamy P. and DaCosta, Michelle and Bernstein, Rachael P. and Lu, Jefferson and Tuong, Tan D. and Patton, Aaron J. and Dunne, Jeffrey C. and Arellano, Consuelo and et al.}, year={2020}, pages={2744–2756} }
 @article{pradhan_dunne_ramirez_sinclair_2020, title={Nitrogen-fixation drought tolerance in virginia-type peanut}, volume={34}, ISSN={["1542-7536"]}, DOI={10.1080/15427528.2020.1740903}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Symbiotic nitrogen-fixation activity of grain legumes commonly does not exhibit tolerance to soil drying, including in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Since the demand for nitrogen of peanut is large in the synthesis of seeds with high protein concentration, loss of nitrogen-fixation activity can result in major yield decreases. The objective of this study was to search the germplasm of virginia-type peanut for sources of nitrogen-fixation drought tolerance. The first phase was a field screen in one growing season of 100 lines from which leaves were harvested and nitrogen concentration measured. Research in soybean had shown that low leaf-nitrogen concentration was associated with nitrogen-fixation drought tolerance. A wide range of leaf nitrogen concentrations was observed, and 10 lines of low leaf nitrogen (23.1 to 26.4 mg N g−1) were identified for the second phase of study. The second phase of study was done in a greenhouse with 5-week old plants sealed in pots subjected to a 2-week dry down. Each day, the plants were briefly exposed to acetylene to measure acetylene reduction activity as an indicator of nitrogen-fixation activity. The soil water content, at which a decline in nitrogen fixation was initiated, was not different among seven lines. Three of the lines exhibited high sensitivity of nitrogen fixation to soil drying. None of the lines, however, exhibited substantial tolerance of nitrogen fixation to soil drying, indicating a need to search an even more diverse population of peanut to identify a genetic source for tolerance.}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF CROP IMPROVEMENT}, author={Pradhan, Deepti and Dunne, Jeffrey and Ramirez, Martha and Sinclair, Thomas R.}, year={2020}, month={Jul}, pages={540–548} }
 @article{jordan_dunne_stalker_shew_brandenburg_anco_mehl_taylor_balota_2020, title={Risk to sustainability of pest management tools in peanut}, volume={5}, ISSN={["2471-9625"]}, DOI={10.1002/ael2.20018}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={AGRICULTURAL & ENVIRONMENTAL LETTERS}, author={Jordan, David L. and Dunne, Jeffrey and Stalker, H. Thomas and Shew, Barbara B. and Brandenburg, Rick L. and Anco, Dan and Mehl, Hillary and Taylor, Sally and Balota, Maria}, year={2020} }
 @article{dunne_tuong_livingston_reynolds_milla-lewis_2019, title={Field and Laboratory Evaluation of Bermudagrass Germplasm for Cold Hardiness and Freezing Tolerance}, volume={59}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2017.11.0667}, abstractNote={Bermudagrass [Cynodon spp. (L.) Rich.] is a high‐quality, durable turfgrass with excellent heat and drought tolerance. However, its lack of freezing tolerance limits its use in the transition zone. The development of cultivars with enhanced freezing tolerance would constitute a significant improvement in the management of bermudagrass in this region and could extend its area of adaptation further north. There has been substantial work on screening of common‐type bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] germplasm for freezing tolerance, but not for the African (Cynodon transvaalensis Burtt‐Davy) germplasm. The purpose of this research was to conduct multiyear field testing and laboratory‐based freezing test evaluations of winter hardiness and freezing tolerance, respectively, of an African and common bermudagrass germplasm collection. A high level of cold hardiness was observed among the germplasm in this study. In field evaluations, plant introductions (PIs) PI 290905, PI 647879, PI 255447, PI 289923, and PI 615161 were the top performers, having consistently greater spring green‐up and reduced winterkill compared with ‘Patriot’, ‘Tifsport’, ‘Quickstand’, and ‘Tifway’, though not always significantly. A comparison between field‐based ratings and calculated lethal temperatures for 50% death (LT50) from laboratory‐based freezing tests showed significant correlations of −0.26 and −0.24 for spring green‐up and winterkill, respectively, suggesting that these controlled freeze experiments could be used to prescreen materials prior to field testing. Overall, results indicate that some of the PIs evaluated in this study can be used as additional sources of cold hardiness in bermudagrass breeding.}, number={1}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, publisher={Crop Science Society of America}, author={Dunne, Jeffrey C. and Tuong, Tan D. and Livingston, David P. and Reynolds, W. Casey and Milla-Lewis, Susana R.}, year={2019}, pages={392–399} }
 @article{khanal_dunne_schwartz_kim_milla-lewis_raymer_hanna_adhikari_auckland_rainville_et al._2019, title={Molecular Dissection of Quantitative Variation in Bermudagrass Hybrids (Cynodon dactylon x transvaalensis): Morphological Traits}, volume={9}, ISSN={["2160-1836"]}, DOI={10.1534/g3.119.400061}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={8}, journal={G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS}, author={Khanal, Sameer and Dunne, Jeffrey C. and Schwartz, Brian M. and Kim, Changsoo and Milla-Lewis, Susana and Raymer, Paul L. and Hanna, Wayne W. and Adhikari, Jeevan and Auckland, Susan A. and Rainville, Lisa and et al.}, year={2019}, month={Aug}, pages={2581–2596} }
 @article{mccamy_holloway_yu_dunne_schwartz_patton_arellano_milla-lewis_2018, title={A SNP-based high-density linkage map of zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.) and its use for the identification of QTL associated with winter hardiness}, volume={38}, ISSN={["1572-9788"]}, DOI={10.1007/s11032-017-0763-0}, number={1}, journal={MOLECULAR BREEDING}, publisher={Springer Nature}, author={McCamy, H. and Holloway, P. and Yu, Xingwang and Dunne, Jeffrey C. and Schwartz, Brian M. and Patton, Aaron J. and Arellano, Consuelo and Milla-Lewis, Susana R.}, year={2018}, month={Jan} }
 @article{dunne_reynolds_miller_arellano_brandenburg_schoeman_yelyerton_milla-lewis_2015, title={Identification of South African bermudagrass germplasm with shade tolerance}, volume={50}, number={10}, journal={HortScience}, author={Dunne, J. C. and Reynolds, W. C. and Miller, G. L. and Arellano, C. and Brandenburg, R. L. and Schoeman, A. and Yelyerton, F. H. and Milla-Lewis, S. R.}, year={2015}, pages={1419–1425} }