@article{wang_wang_liu_wang_cheng_daroch_liu_2025, title={A highly efficient adsorbent adapting to low pH condition for Pb(II) sequestration from aqueous solution - marine diatom: Laboratory and pilot scale tests}, volume={353}, ISSN={["1873-3794"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.seppur.2024.128321}, abstractNote={Highly efficient, economically feasible and environmentally friendly adsorbents have been a research hotspot for heavy metal sequestration. In the present study, dried marine diatom biomass (mainly composed of Chaetoceros sp.), which possessed high suface area and cumulative pore volume of 5.72 m2/g and 0.028 cm3/g, respectivly, were used to adsorb Pb(II) from aqueous solution. The immoblized marine diatom beads and an adsorption reactor filled with the beads were further investigated for continuous Pb(II) removal. The removal efficiency was evaluated as a function of contact time, initial concentration, pH and co-existing cations. Results indicated that the dried diatom biomass and the immobilized diatom beads effectively adsorbed Pb(II) under pH > 3.0 and pH > 4 0.0 conditions, respectively. The optimal conditions for the immobilized diatom beads preparation were: diatom powder dosage of 5.0 g / 100 mL sodium alginate solution, sodium alginate concentration of 20 g/L, CaCl2 concentration of 2 %, and cross linking time of 1 h. The Pb(II) adsorption on the marine diatom biomass and the immobilized beads were both well described by pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir model. The maximumPb(II) adsorption capacities of the immobilized beads were 919.1 mg/g, which were much higher than that of the most of adsorbents reported elsewhere. Adsorption mechanism analysis demonstrated that Pb(II) was adsorbed onto the diatom biomass mainly through interaction with nitrogen bonds (mainly with pyrrolic nitrogen) and carboxylic groups, and ion exchange with light metals and hydrogen ions in quaternary nitrogen bonds. The diatom beads were used as adsorbents in a continuous Pb(II) treatment reactor, and the Pb(II) removal efficiency of the reactor reached to almost 100 % from the initial concentration of Pb(II) = 50 mg/L.}, journal={SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY}, author={Wang, Xin and Wang, Ban and Liu, Yangmei and Wang, Jingfeng and Cheng, Jay Jiayang and Daroch, Maurycy and Liu, Key Ke}, year={2025}, month={Jan} }
 @article{nie_he_lin_cheng_yang_2024, title={Functional biochar in enhanced anaerobic digestion: Synthesis, performances, and mechanisms}, volume={906}, ISSN={["1879-1026"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167681}, abstractNote={Anaerobic digestion technology is crucial in bioenergy recovery and organic waste management. At the same time, it often encounters challenges such as low organic digestibility and inhibition of toxic substances, resulting in low biomethane yields. Biochar has recently been used in anaerobic digestion to alleviate toxicity inhibition, improve the stability of anaerobic digestion processes, and increase methane yields. However, the practical application of biochar is limited, for the properties of pristine biochar significantly affect its application in anaerobic digestion. Although much research focuses on understanding original biochar's fundamental properties and functionalization, there are few reviews on the applications of functional biochar and the effects of critical properties of pristine biochar on anaerobic digestion. This review systematically reviewed functionalization strategies, key performances, and applications of functional biochar in anaerobic digestion. The properties determining the role of biochar were reviewed, the synthesis methods of functional biochar were summarized and compared, the mechanism of functional biochar was discussed, and the factors affecting the function of functional biochar were reviewed. This review provided a comprehensive understanding of functional biochar in anaerobic digestion processes, which would be helpful for the development and applications of engineered biochar.}, journal={SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT}, author={Nie, Wenkai and He, Shanying and Lin, Yan and Cheng, Jay J. and Yang, Chunping}, year={2024}, month={Jan} }
 @article{wu_yang_zhou_li_lin_cheng_yang_2023, title={Catalytic activity and reaction mechanisms of single-atom metals anchored on nitrogen-doped carbons for peroxymonosulfate activation}, volume={459}, ISSN={["1873-3336"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132133}, abstractNote={Single-atom catalysts have attracted tremendous interests in peroxymonosulfate (PMS)-based advanced oxidation processes due to their maximum atom utilization and high reactivity, however the role of nitrogen-coordinated metal (MNx) sites with different metal centers remain blurred. Herein, a series of single-atom metals anchored on nitrogen-doped carbons (denoted as M-N/C, M = Fe, Co, Cu, and Mn) using zeolitic imidazolate frameworks as precursors are constructed for PMS activation. Their catalytic activity order follows Fe > Co > undoped N/C > Cu > Mn, especially the degradation rates of the eight model pollutants for Fe-N/C and Co-N/C are 2.5-22.4 and 1.5-19.5 times higher than those for undoped N/C, respectively. Moreover, the nature of catalytic metal center can govern the degradation behaviors in the coexisting water constituents. Experimental and theoretical results reveal that singlet oxygen (1O2) is the main oxidant responsible for pollutant degradation and its evolution path over FeN4 or CoN4 sites (PMS→OH*→*O→1O2) is elucidated, between which FeN4 with lower energy barrier is more conducive to 1O2 generation. This study can not only provide guidance for the development of highly active atomic M-N/C catalysts, but also lead to a better molecular-level understanding of PMS activation mechanism over MN4 sites.}, journal={JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS}, author={Wu, Shaohua and Yang, Zhongwen and Zhou, Ziyang and Li, Xiang and Lin, Yan and Cheng, Jay J. and Yang, Chunping}, year={2023}, month={Oct} }
 @article{nie_lin_wu_wu_li_cheng_yang_2023, title={Chitosan-Fe3O4 composites enhance anaerobic digestion of liquor wastewater under acidic stress}, volume={377}, ISSN={["1873-2976"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128927}, abstractNote={Acid stress in the anaerobic digestion process of liquor wastewater leads to low anaerobic treatment efficiency. Herein, chitosan-Fe3O4 was prepared, and its effects on anaerobic digestion processes under acid stress were studied. Results showed that chitosan-Fe3O4 increased the methanogenesis rate of anaerobic digestion of acidic liquor wastewater by 1.5-2.3 times and accelerated the restoration of acidified anaerobic systems. The analysis of sludge characteristics showed that chitosan-Fe3O4 promoted the secretion of proteins and humic substances in extracellular polymeric substances and increased the electron transfer activity of the system by 71.4%. Microbial community analysis indicated that chitosan-Fe3O4 enriched the abundance of Peptoclostridium, and Methanosaeta participated in direct interspecies electron transfer. Chitosan-Fe3O4 could promote the direct interspecies electron transfer pathway to maintain stable methanogenesis. These methods and results regarding the use of chitosan-Fe3O4 could be referred to for improving the efficiency of anaerobic digestion of high concentration organic wastewater under acid inhibition.}, journal={BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY}, author={Nie, Wenkai and Lin, Yan and Wu, Xin and Wu, Shaohua and Li, Xiang and Cheng, Jay J. and Yang, Chunping}, year={2023}, month={Jun} }
 @article{huang_niu_nie_lin_wu_li_cheng_yang_2023, title={Combined effects of oxytetracycline concentration and organic loading rate on semi-continuous anaerobic digestion of swine wastewater}, volume={382}, ISSN={["1873-2976"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129179}, abstractNote={High concentrations of antibiotics in swine wastewater raises concerns about the potential adverse effects of anaerobic digestion (AD). Current studies mainly focused on the effects of various antibiotic concentrations. However, these studies didn't take into account the fluctuation of swine wastewater quality and the change of reactor operating conditions in practical engineering applications. In this study, it was found that in the operating systems with COD of 3300 mg/L and hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 4.4 days, the continuous addition of oxytetracycline for 30 days had no effect on the AD performance. Nevertheless, when COD and HRT were changed to 4950 mg/L and 1.5 days respectively, oxytetracycline at 2 and 8 mg/L increased the cumulative methane yield by 27% and 38% at the cost of destroying cell membrane, respectively, while oxytetracycline at 0.3 mg/L improved the performance and stability of AD. These results could be referred for practical engineering applications.}, journal={BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY}, author={Huang, Zhiwei and Niu, Qiuya and Nie, Wenkai and Lin, Yan and Wu, Shaohua and Li, Xiang and Cheng, Jay J. and Yang, Chunping}, year={2023}, month={Aug} }
 @article{li_lin_li_cheng_yang_2023, title={Cupric ions inducing dynamic hormesis in duckweed systems for swine wastewater treatment: Quantification, modelling and mechanisms}, volume={866}, ISSN={["1879-1026"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161411}, abstractNote={Hormesis has attracted close attention of environmental and toxicological communities over the past decades. Most studies focused on the hormesis induced by stressors in the aspect of their biotoxicity to organisms, while little research was conducted on hormesis in the aspect of biological wastewater treatment process. In this study, removal of NH4+-N and Cu2+ by S. polyrrhiza under long-term Cu2+ exposure at environmentally relevant concentrations in swine wastewater was investigated. Removal efficiencies of NH4+-N by duckweeds at 0.0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 mg/L Cu2+ were 81.6 %, 83.7 %, 89.4 %, 74.9 %, 61.8 % and 45.1 % on day 28, however, during the initial period of cultivation (0-4 days), such hormetic effect was not observed, indicating time-dependent feature of hormesis in NH4+-N removal. The modified logistic growth model was applied to describe long-term hormesis induced by Cu2+ on NH4+-N removal and it suggested that the optimal copper exposure for ammonium removal was 0.48 mg/L. More importantly, it was found that previous exposure to low doses of Cu2+ (0-1 mg/L) could enhance NH4+-N removal performance under the second exposure. Cu2+ above 1 mg/L could switch copper bioaccumulation pattern from the Langmiur-irreversible type to reversible one, indicating risk of secondary pollution. Six components including freshly-produced humic-like substances, lignin, fulvic acid-protein complex, free amino acid-like substances, tyrosine-like substance and soluble amino acid-like substances in duckweeds were detected by parallel factor (PARAFAC) model detected. Principle component analysis (PCA) conducted on PARAFAC components suggested that enhanced synthesis of protein and growth factors intracellularly at low dose stimulation improved ammonia uptake from the environment. This study provided a novel strategy to improve treatment performance of duckweeds for copper contaminated wastewater and helped understand biochemical responses and their roles in evolutionary adaptive strategies to stresses.}, journal={SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT}, author={Li, Chengxi and Lin, Yan and Li, Xiang and Cheng, Jay J. and Yang, Chunping}, year={2023}, month={Mar} }
 @article{zhang_lin_wu_li_cheng_yang_2023, title={Effect of composition of volatile fatty acids on yield of polyhydroxyalkanoates and mechanisms of bioconversion from activated sludge}, volume={385}, ISSN={["1873-2976"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129445}, abstractNote={Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) is green biodegradable natural polymer. Here PHA production from volatile fatty acids (VFAs) was investigated in sequential batch reactors inoculated with activated sludge. Single or mixed VFAs ranging from acetate to valerate were evaluated, and the dominant VFA concentration was 2 times of that of the others in the tests. Results showed that mixed substrates achieved about 1.6 times higher yield of PHA production than single substrate. The butyrate-dominated substrates maximized PHA content at 72.08% of VSS, and the valerate-dominated substrates were followed with PHA content at 61.57%. Metabolic flux analysis showed the presence of valerate in the substrates caused a more robust PHA production. There was at least 20% of 3-hydroxyvalerate in the polymer. Hydrogenophaga and Comamonas were the main PHA producers. As VFAs could be produced in anaerobic digestion of organic wastes, the methods and data here could be referred for efficient green bioconversion of PHA.}, journal={BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY}, author={Zhang, Ziying and Lin, Yan and Wu, Shaohua and Li, Xiang and Cheng, Jay J. and Yang, Chunping}, year={2023}, month={Oct} }
 @article{luo_li_lin_wu_cheng_yang_2023, title={Stress of cupric ion and oxytetracycline in Chlorella vulgaris cultured in swine wastewater}, volume={895}, ISSN={["1879-1026"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165120}, abstractNote={Chlorella culturing has the advantages in treatment of wastewater including swine wastewater from anaerobic digesters due to the product of biolipids and the uptake of carbon dioxide. However, there often exist high concentrations of antibiotics and heavy metals in swine wastewater which could be toxic to chlorella and harmful to the biological systems. This study examined the stress of cupric ion and oxytetracycline (OTC) at various concentrations on the nutrient removal and biomass growth in Chlorella vulgaris culturing in swine wastewater from anaerobic digesters, and its biochemical responses were also studied. Results showed that dynamic hormesis of either OTC concentration or cupric ion one on Chlorella vulgaris were confirmed separately, and the presence of OTC not only did not limit biomass growth and lipids content of Chlorella vulgaris but also could mitigate the toxicity of cupric ion on Chlorella vulgaris in combined stress of Cu2+ and OTC. Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of Chlorella vulgaris were used to explain the mechanisms of stress for the first time. The content of proteins and carbohydrates in EPS increased, and the fluorescence spectrum intensity of tightly-bound EPS (TB-EPS) of Chlorella vulgaris decreased with increasing concentration of stress because Cu2+ and OTC may be chelated with proteins of TB-EPS to form non-fluorescent characteristic chelates. The low concentration of Cu2+ (≤1.0 mg/L) could enhance the protein content and promote the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) while these parameters were decreased drastically under 2.0 mg/L of Cu2+. The activity of adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) and glutathione (GSH) enhanced with the increase of OTC concentration under combined stress. This study helps to comprehend the impact mechanisms of stress on Chlorella vulgaris and provides a novel strategy to improve the stability of microalgae systems for wastewater treatment.}, journal={SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT}, author={Luo, Yun and Li, Xiang and Lin, Yan and Wu, Shaohua and Cheng, Jay J. and Yang, Chunping}, year={2023}, month={Oct} }
 @article{lower_cunniffe_cheng_sagues_2022, title={COUPLING CIRCULARITY WITH CARBON NEGATIVITY IN FOOD AND AGRICULTURE SYSTEMS}, volume={65}, ISSN={["2769-3287"]}, DOI={10.13031/ja.14908}, abstractNote={Highlights}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE ASABE}, author={Lower, Lillian and Cunniffe, Julia and Cheng, Jay J. and Sagues, William Joe}, year={2022}, pages={849–864} }
 @article{xiao_yang_cheng_2022, title={Effects of Sulfamethazine and Cupric Ion on Treatment of Anaerobically Digested Swine Wastewater with Growing Duckweed}, volume={19}, ISSN={["1660-4601"]}, DOI={10.3390/ijerph19041949}, abstractNote={Duckweed (Spirodela polyrrhiza) has the potential to treat anaerobically digested swine wastewater (ADSW), but the effects of antibiotics and heavy metals in ADSW on the treatment performance and mechanism of Spirodela polyrrhiza are not clear. Herein, an experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of sulfamethazine (SMZ) and cupric ion on NH4+-N and total phosphorus (TP) removal from synthetic ADSW. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the contents of photosynthetic pigments, vitamin E, and proteins in duckweed were also evaluated. Under the stress of SMZ, duckweed showed excellent removal efficiency of nutrients, and the results of SOD activity and photosynthetic pigments content indicated that duckweed had good tolerance to SMZ. Interestingly, a combined application of SMZ and cupric ion would inhibit the nutrient removal by duckweed, but significantly increased the contents of photosynthetic pigments, proteins, and vitamin E. In addition, the consequence indicated that high value-added protein and vitamin E products could be produced and harvested by cultivating duckweed in ADSW. Furthermore, possible degradation pathways of SMZ in the duckweed system were proposed based on the analysis with LC-MS/MS. This research proposed a novel view for using duckweed system to remove nutrients from ADSW and produce value-added products under the stress of SMZ and cupric ion.}, number={4}, journal={INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH}, author={Xiao, Yu and Yang, Chunping and Cheng, Jay J.}, year={2022}, month={Feb} }
 @article{wu_yang_lin_cheng_2022, title={Efficient degradation of tetracycline by singlet oxygen-dominated peroxymonosulfate activation with magnetic nitrogen-doped porous carbon}, volume={115}, ISSN={["1878-7320"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.jes.2021.08.002}, abstractNote={Nonradical reaction driven by peroxymonosulfate (PMS) based advanced oxidation processes has drawn widespread attention in water treatment due to their inherent advantages, but the degradation behavior and mechanism of organic pollutants are still unclear. In this study, the performance, intermediates, mechanism and toxicity of tetracycline (TC) degradation were thoroughly examined in the constructed magnetic nitrogen-doped porous carbon/peroxymonosulfate (Co-N/C-PMS) system. The results showed that 85.4% of TC could be removed within 15 min when Co-N/C and PMS was simultaneously added and the degradation rate was enhanced by 3.4 and 14.7 folds compared with Co-N/C or PMS alone, respectively. Moreover, the performance of Co-N/C was superior to that of most previously reported catalysts. Many lines of evidence indicated that Co-N/C-PMS system was a singlet oxygen-dominated nonradical reaction, which was less interfered by pH and water components, and displayed high adaptability to actual water bodies. Subsequently, the degradation process was elaborated on the basis of three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix spectra and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. At last, the toxicity of treated TC was greatly reduced by using microalgae Coelastrella sp. as ecological indicator. This study provides a promising approach based on singlet oxygen-dominated nonradical reaction for eliminating TC in water treatment.}, journal={JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES}, author={Wu, Shaohua and Yang, Chunping and Lin, Yan and Cheng, Jay J.}, year={2022}, month={May}, pages={330–340} }
 @article{deng_zhao_qiu_li_zhang_guo_mu_wu_qiao_zhang_et al._2022, title={Genome-centric metagenomics provides new insights into the microbial community and metabolic potential of landfill leachate microbiota}, volume={816}, ISSN={["1879-1026"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151635}, abstractNote={Landfills are important sources of microorganisms associated with anaerobic digestion. However, the knowledge on microbiota along with their functional potential in this special habitat are still lacking. In this study, we recovered 1168 non-redundant metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) from nine landfill leachate samples collected from eight cities across China, spanning 42 phyla, 73 classes, 114 orders, 189 families, and 267 genera. Totally, 74.1% of 1168 MAGs could not be classified to any known species and 5.9% of these MAGs belonged to microbial dark matter phyla. Two putative novel classes were discovered from landfill leachate samples. The identification of thousands of novel carbohydrate-active enzymes showed similar richness level compared to the cow rumen microbiota. The methylotrophic methanogenic pathway was speculated to contribute significantly to methane production in the landfill leachate because of its co-occurrence with the acetoclastic and hydrogenotrophic methanogenic pathways. The genetic potential of dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) was observed, implying DNRA may play a role in ammonium generation in landfill leachate. These findings implied that landfill leachate might be a valuable microbial resource repository and filled the previous understanding gaps for both methanogenesis and nitrogen cycling in landfill leachate microbiota. Our study provides a comprehensive genomic catalog and substantially provides unprecedented taxonomic and functional profiles of the landfill leachate microbiota.}, journal={SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT}, author={Deng, Chunfang and Zhao, Renxin and Qiu, Zhiguang and Li, Bing and Zhang, Tong and Guo, Feng and Mu, Rong and Wu, Yang and Qiao, Xuejiao and Zhang, Liyu and et al.}, year={2022}, month={Apr} }
 @article{li_chen_wong_chen_tao_liufu_cheng_yang_2022, title={Mechanism study on the regulation of metabolite flux for producing promising bioactive substances in microalgae Desmodesmus sp.YT through salinity stress}, volume={64}, ISSN={["2211-9264"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.algal.2022.102721}, abstractNote={Desmodesmus sp.YT rich in bioactive substances exhibited impressive tolerance to various environmental conditions. To investigate the metabolism transformation influenced by salt stress in Desmodesmus sp.YT, biochemical compositions and comparative transcriptome were thoroughly explored in this research. Results showed that normal treatment (0‰ salinity) was beneficial for the production of biomass (up to 1.87 times) and protein (up to 1.46 times), compared with salt treatment. Furthermore, differentially expressed genes analysis revealed that vital genes involved in photosynthesis (light-harvesting complexs, LHCs; photosystem II oxygen-evolving enhancer proteins, Psbs), C3 photosynthetic pathway (fructose-bisphosphate aldolase, ALDO; fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, PFK; phosphoglycerate kinase, PGK) and chlorophyll synthesis (coproporphyrinogen III oxidase, CPOX; porphobilinogen synthase, HemB) were significantly up-regulated in 0‰ salinity, leading to enhanced cell growth. Interestingly, salt stress stimulated the expression of cellulose synthase catalytic subunit A2 (CesA2) and starch synthase (GLGA), increasing the biosynthesis of cellulose (up to 3.23 times) and starch (up to 1.05 times). Results showed that Desmodesmus sp.YT cultured at freshwater could be applied as feed additives while microalgae grown in seawater had the potential for biofuel production for further mass cultivation.}, journal={ALGAL RESEARCH-BIOMASS BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS}, author={Li, Shuangfei and Chen, Xianglan and Wong, Ming Hung and Chen, Huirong and Tao, Li and Liufu, Guangyu and Cheng, Jay Jiayang and Yang, Xuewei}, year={2022}, month={May} }
 @article{li_liu_cheng_yang_2021, title={Comparison study on potential syngas produced by mild thermoconversion of microalgal residues through proton nuclear magnetic resonance and thermogravimetric analysis-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy}, volume={11}, ISSN={["2190-6823"]}, DOI={10.1007/s13399-019-00591-2}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={5}, journal={BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY}, author={Li, Shuangfei and Liu, Liangxu and Cheng, Jay Jiayang and Yang, Xuewei}, year={2021}, month={Oct}, pages={1875–1883} }
 @article{tan_liu_liu_yang_niu_cheng_2021, title={Effects of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural on removal performance and microbial community structure of aerobic activated sludge treating digested swine wastewater}, volume={9}, ISSN={["2213-3437"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.jece.2021.106104}, abstractNote={5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is a high value-added chemical, the starting material for the production of a large number of platform chemicals, and an inhibitor of anaerobic digestion. The selection of microorganisms that can metabolize HMF or have high tolerance to HMF is rapidly arousing scientific interest. For selecting suitable microorganisms from aerobic sludge and exploring the effects of HMF on aerobic digestion, the removal capability, activated sludge characteristics, and microbial community structure of activated sludge treating digested swine wastewater in the presence of HMF were studied. Results showed that HMF deteriorated the removal performance of activated sludge. Removal rates of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total phosphorus (TP) and ammonium (NH4+-N) were reduced from 95.7%, 84.6% and 80.0% to 46.5%, 77.6% and 21.0%, respectively. Besides, HMF also increased EPS content which reduced the settleability and dewatering capacity of activated sludge. Moreover, HMF inhibited dehydrogenase (DHA) activity in activated sludge and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Meanwhile, the functions of microorganisms had changed, extracellular structure increased, carbohydrates and lipids transport and metabolism decreased, and energy production and conversion were inhibited. Microbial community analysis illustrated HMF adversely affects Enterobacteriaceae and streptococcaceae, while Bacillaceae, Rhodocyclaceae and Nitrospira better tolerate HMF.}, number={5}, journal={JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING}, author={Tan, Zhao and Liu, Yiwei and Liu, Hongyu and Yang, Chunping and Niu, Qiuya and Cheng, Jay J.}, year={2021}, month={Oct} }
 @misc{tan_li_yang_liu_cheng_2021, title={Inhibition and disinhibition of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in anaerobic fermentation: A review}, volume={424}, ISSN={["1873-3212"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.cej.2021.130560}, abstractNote={Anaerobic fermentation is a clean production process for recycling of many agricultural and industrial wastes. During anaerobic fermentation, the existence of various inhibitors often leads to low efficiency or even failure of anaerobic digesters. 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is such an inhibitor which can be produced in the pretreatment of biomass for subsequent anaerobic digestion. This paper provides a review of various production methods of HMF and its effects on hydrogen production, methane production and ethanol production through fermentation. The conversion and removal of HMF were summarized from the aspects of biomass pretreatment, non-biological treatment and biological treatment. This article aims to provide new ideas and methods for reducing the inhibition effect of HMF on anaerobic fermentation of biomass and restoring the performance of the anaerobic fermentation.}, journal={CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL}, author={Tan, Zhao and Li, Xiang and Yang, Chunping and Liu, Hongyu and Cheng, Jay J.}, year={2021}, month={Nov} }
 @article{ansanay_kolar_sharma-shivappa_cheng_arellano_2021, title={Pretreatment of Switchgrass for Production of Glucose via Sulfonic Acid-Impregnated Activated Carbon}, volume={9}, ISSN={["2227-9717"]}, DOI={10.3390/pr9030504}, abstractNote={In the present research, activated carbon-supported sulfonic acid catalysts were synthesized and tested as pretreatment agents for the conversion of switchgrass into glucose. The catalysts were synthesized by reacting sulfuric acid, methanesulfonic acid, and p-toluenesulfonic acid with activated carbon. The characterization of catalysts suggested an increase in surface acidities, while surface area and pore volumes decreased because of sulfonation. Batch experiments were performed in 125 mL serum bottles to investigate the effects of temperature (30, 60, and 90 °C), reaction time (90 and 120 min) on the yields of glucose. Enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated switchgrass using Ctec2 yielded up to 57.13% glucose. Durability tests indicated that sulfonic solid-impregnated carbon catalysts were able to maintain activity even after three cycles. From the results obtained, the solid acid catalysts appear to serve as effective pretreatment agents and can potentially reduce the use of conventional liquid acids and bases in biomass-into-biofuel production.}, number={3}, journal={PROCESSES}, author={Ansanay, Yane and Kolar, Praveen and Sharma-Shivappa, Ratna and Cheng, Jay and Arellano, Consuelo}, year={2021}, month={Mar} }
 @article{cheng_muylaert_cheng_liu_chen_addy_zhou_yan_ruan_2020, title={Cobalt enrichment enhances the tolerance of Botryococcus braunii to high concentration of CO2}, volume={297}, ISSN={["1873-2976"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122385}, abstractNote={This work mainly studied B. braunii adapted to different CO2 concentrations with cobalt enrichment, and developed a process for CO2 capture, hydrocarbon production and cobalt removal. The results showed that B. braunii favored rapid growth at 5.0% (v/v) CO2, and the highest biomass was 1.89 g.L-1 with 4.5 mg.L-1 of cobalt. Hydrocarbon productivity in high concentration CO2 (5.0% and 10.0%) with cobalt enrichment was higher than that in Chu 13 medium. The change in cobalt removal efficiency mainly corresponded to the growth of B. braunii. The LCE of B. braunii in cobalt-rich with high CO2 concentration (5.0% and 10.0%) was 15.7%, and 14.9%, respectively, which was higher than that in normal medium. CO2 fixation rates were also higher in cobalt enrichment coupled with high CO2 concentration. This study not only provides ideas for the removal of toxic metal cobalt, but also has great potential for CO2 biofixation.}, journal={BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY}, author={Cheng, Pengfei and Muylaert, Koenraad and Cheng, Jay J. and Liu, Hui and Chen, Paul and Addy, Min and Zhou, Chengxu and Yan, Xiaojun and Ruan, Roger}, year={2020}, month={Feb} }
 @article{cheng_chu_zhang_song_chen_zhou_yan_cheng_ruan_2020, title={Screening of the dominant Chlorella pyrenoidosa for biofilm attached culture and feed production while treating swine wastewater}, volume={318}, ISSN={["1873-2976"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124054}, abstractNote={This research 12 microalgal species were screened for biofilm attached culture in the treatment of anaerobically digested swine wastewater (ADSW). The influence of ADSW on biomass productivity and removal efficiencies were evaluated using biofilm attached culture with the selected Chlorella pyrenoidosa. The variation of nutritional components from algal cells were further analysed to evaluate the potential applications of C. pyrenoidosa. The results showed that C. pyrenoidosa had the highest tolerance to ADSW, and the highest removal efficiencies for wastewater pollutants were reached when cultured in 5 times diluted ADSW. These test conditions resulted in an algal cell biomass composed of 57.30% proteins, 14.87% extracellular polysaccharide, 3.08% crude fibre, 5.57% crude ash, 2.85% moisture. Amino acids in proteins contained 21.73% essential amino acids and the EAA/NEAA value was 0.64. The essential amino acid score indicates that the selected C. pyrenoidosa could be a good protein source for feed addition.}, journal={BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY}, author={Cheng, Pengfei and Chu, Ruirui and Zhang, Xuezhi and Song, Lirong and Chen, Dongjie and Zhou, Chengxu and Yan, Xiaojun and Cheng, Jay J. and Ruan, Roger}, year={2020}, month={Dec} }
 @article{zang_shih_cheng_liu_liu_lu_2020, title={Thermophilic solid state anaerobic digestion of switchgrass for liquid digestate reuse and organic fertilizer production}, volume={35}, ISSN={["1742-1713"]}, DOI={10.1017/S1742170519000139}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={5}, journal={RENEWABLE AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SYSTEMS}, author={Zang, Jianjun and Shih, Jason C. H. and Cheng, Jay J. and Liu, Zhimin and Liu, Ying and Lu, Wenqing}, year={2020}, month={Oct}, pages={503–512} }
 @article{cheng_cheng_cobb_zhou_zhou_addy_chen_yan_ruan_2020, title={Tribonema sp. and Chlorella zofingiensis co-culture to treat swine wastewater diluted with fishery wastewater to facilitate harvest}, volume={297}, ISSN={["1873-2976"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122516}, abstractNote={Cultivating microalgae on wastewaters is an effective way to produce algal biomass whereas harvesting microalgae is a costly operation. This study we examined the feasibility of co-culturing a high-value microalga with an auto-flocculating strain to enable efficient recovery of biomass. Experiments were conducted to co-cultivate Chlorella zofingiensis with Tribonema sp. on swine wastewater diluted by fishery wastewater under different conditions. The result showed the optimal inoculum ratio of Tribonema sp. to Chlorella zofingiensis was 1:1. The removal efficiencies of pollutants (NH4+-N, TN, TP, and COD) and lipid content were high when the co-culture ratios of Tribonema sp. were high. Also, some larger chain fatty acids, specifically C20:5 and C22:6 were present when the two strains co-culture. The recovery efficiency increased with the increasing proportion of auto-flocculating Tribonema sp.. Algae co-culture has the potential to address limitations in substrate utilization by individual strains, also improve the recovery of biomass.}, journal={BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY}, author={Cheng, Pengfei and Cheng, Jay J. and Cobb, Kirk and Zhou, Chengxu and Zhou, Nan and Addy, Min and Chen, Paul and Yan, Xiaojun and Ruan, Roger}, year={2020}, month={Feb} }
 @article{hess_kolar_classen_knappe_cheng_2019, title={Effects of Co-occurring Species Present in Swine Lagoons on Adsorption of Copper on Eggshell}, volume={13}, ISSN={["2008-2304"]}, DOI={10.1007/s41742-019-00203-x}, number={4}, journal={INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH}, author={Hess, Brianna J. and Kolar, Praveen and Classen, John J. and Knappe, Detlef and Cheng, Jay J.}, year={2019}, month={Aug}, pages={613–622} }
 @article{zambrano_pawlak_daystar_ankeny_cheng_venditti_2019, title={Microfibers generated from the laundering of cotton, rayon and polyester based fabrics and their aquatic biodegradation}, volume={142}, ISSN={0025-326X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.02.062}, DOI={10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.02.062}, abstractNote={The effect of fiber type (cotton, polyester, and rayon), temperature, and use of detergent on the number of microfibers released during laundering of knitted fabrics were studied during accelerated laboratory washing (Launder-Ometer) and home laundering experiments. Polyester and cellulose-based fabrics all shed significant amounts of microfibers and shedding levels were increased with higher water temperature and detergent use. Cellulose-based fabrics released more microfibers (0.2–4 mg/g fabric) during accelerated laundering than polyester (0.1–1 mg/g fabric). Using well-controlled aquatic biodegradation experiments it was shown that cotton and rayon microfibers are expected to degrade in natural aquatic aerobic environments whereas polyester microfibers are expected to persist in the environment for long periods of time.}, journal={Marine Pollution Bulletin}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Zambrano, Marielis C. and Pawlak, Joel J. and Daystar, Jesse and Ankeny, Mary and Cheng, Jay J. and Venditti, Richard A.}, year={2019}, month={May}, pages={394–407} }
 @book{werner_steudler_cheng_2019, title={Solid State Fermentation: Research and Industrial Applications}, volume={169}, ISBN={["978-3-030-23674-8"]}, ISSN={["1616-8542"]}, DOI={10.1007/978-3-030-23675-5}, abstractNote={This book offers an authoritative review of the main challenges, processes, products and applications of solid state fermentation. They range from enzyme production to the production of antibiotics and pigments to the use in environmental technology and energy production.}, journal={SOLID STATE FERMENTATION: RESEARCH AND INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS}, author={Werner, Anett and Steudler, Susanne and Cheng, Jay}, year={2019}, pages={1–172} }
 @article{wu_wang_de costa_tong_cheng_zhou_zhuang_yu_2019, title={The co-existence of anammox genera in an expanded granular sludge bed reactor with biomass carriers for nitrogen removal}, volume={103}, ISSN={["1432-0614"]}, DOI={10.1007/s00253-018-9494-3}, abstractNote={Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox)-based nitrogen removal saves aeration energy and organic carbon costs, attributed to its anaerobic and autotrophic nature. However, due to the slow growth of anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria (AnAOB), drawbacks including long startup time and sensitivity to toxins still hamper the application of anammox-based processes. To cope with the slow growth of AnAOB, various bioreactor configurations have been investigated for the capability of retaining anammox biomass, among which, the expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor is a promising option. In this study, two laboratory-scale EGSB reactors were used to gain insights of microbial population and their response to amending biofilm-carriers, aiming to enhance the biomass retention of AnAOB. The respective ammonium and nitrite removal efficiencies were up to over 90%, and the overall nitrogen removal efficiency (NRE) was stable at over 70%, in the EGSB reactor amended with carriers (CEGSB). Compared to the control EGSB, CEGSB's observed performance was more stable during the 236-day operational period. The abundance of AnAOB reached 22% in the EGSB and 49% in the CEGSB. It was also observed that Ca. Brocadia (14.25%) and Asahi BRW2 (33.19%) coexisted in the CEGSB. The dynamics of major metabolisms and functional genes involved in nitrogen conversion were further observed by FAPROTAX based on the taxonomic data, providing more insights into the functions of the microbial communities.}, number={3}, journal={APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY}, author={Wu, Yang and Wang, Yuexing and De Costa, Yashika G. and Tong, Zhida and Cheng, Jay J. and Zhou, Lijie and Zhuang, Wei-Qin and Yu, Ke}, year={2019}, month={Feb}, pages={1231–1242} }
 @article{zhong_jin_cheng_2018, title={A comprehensive comparable study of the physiological properties of four microalgal species under different light wavelength conditions}, volume={248}, ISSN={["1432-2048"]}, DOI={10.1007/s00425-018-2899-5}, abstractNote={Microalgae treated with blue light have potential for production of human nutrition supplement and biofuel due to their higher biomass productivity and favorable fatty acid composition. Chlorella vulgaris, Chlorella pyrenoidosa, Scenedesmus quadricauda and Scenedesmus obliquus are representative green microalgae which are widely reported for algal production. In this study, we provide a systematic investigation of the biomass productivity, photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll fluorescence and fatty acid content of the four green microalgae. The strains were grown in two primary monochromatic light wavelengths [red and blue LEDs (light emitting diode)], and in white LED conditions, respectively. Among them, blue LED light was determined as the best light for growth rate, followed by red LED and white LED. The chlorophyll generation was more sensitive to the monochromatic blue light. The polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as α-linolenic acid (18:3), which were perfect for human nutrition supplementation, showed high concentrations in these algae strains under blue LED. Collectively, the results indicate that the blue LED is suitable for various food, feed, and algal biofuel productions due to both biomass and fatty acid productivity.}, number={2}, journal={PLANTA}, author={Zhong, Yu and Jin, Peng and Cheng, Jay J.}, year={2018}, month={Aug}, pages={489–498} }
 @book{cheng_2018, title={Biomass to Renewable Energy Processes, 2nd Edition}, ISBN={["978-1-4987-7879-4"]}, DOI={10.1201/9781315152868}, journal={BIOMASS TO RENEWABLE ENERGY PROCESSES, 2ND EDITION}, author={Cheng, Jay}, year={2018}, pages={1–437} }
 @article{hess_kolar_classen_knappe_cheng_2018, title={Evaluation of Waste Eggshells for Adsorption of Copper from Synthetic and Swine Wastewater}, volume={61}, ISSN={2151-0040}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.12599}, DOI={10.13031/trans.12599}, abstractNote={Abstract. Biomass-derived adsorbents are an attractive alternative to conventional water treatment methods. This study evaluated eggshells produced by the liquid egg and food processing industry for the adsorption of copper from aqueous systems. Research objectives were to (1) determine copper adsorption mechanisms and (2) evaluate copper adsorption by eggshells for the treatment of wastewater. Batch experiments were performed by contacting eggshells with copper solutions to obtain equilibrium, kinetic, and thermodynamic data to determine removal mechanisms and maximum adsorption capacity. Results suggested that the adsorption of copper followed a second-order kinetic model with a theoretical maximum adsorption capacity of 4.3 mg g-1 (20°C). In addition, eggshell adsorption was found to be a favorable process, with an activation energy of approximately 27 to 29 kJ mol-1, and followed similar mechanisms as its calcite analog. Data indicated that slightly acidic (pH = 6) to near-neutral pH conditions enhanced adsorption of copper. Additional experiments were performed using swine lagoon wastewater to evaluate the efficacy of eggshells to treat copper from lagoon wastewater. The data suggested that unmodified eggshells were effective for application in swine lagoon systems only under acidic conditions (pH = 4). Further research is needed to modify eggshells that can adsorb copper in lagoon wastewater at neutral and alkaline pH. Keywords: Adsorption, Copper, Eggshell, Swine lagoon, Water.}, number={3}, journal={Transactions of the ASABE}, publisher={American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE)}, author={Hess, Brianna J. and Kolar, Praveen and Classen, John J. and Knappe, Detlef and Cheng, Jay J.}, year={2018}, pages={967–976} }
 @article{zhu_kolar_shah_cheng_lim_2018, title={Simultaneous mitigation of p- cresol and ammonium using activated carbon from avocado seed}, volume={9}, ISSN={2352-1864}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.ETI.2017.10.006}, DOI={10.1016/J.ETI.2017.10.006}, abstractNote={Avocado seed was used as a precursor to prepare an activated carbon (AAC-MA) via physiochemical activation with methanesulfonic acid. The AAC-MA was systematically tested in batch systems for the removal of p-cresol (single-solute) and p-cresol and ammonium (binary solute). It was found that the kinetic data of p-cresol adsorption conformed to a pseudo-second-order model suggesting a predominantly chemisorption process. Additionally, the equilibrium data of p-cresol adsorption in a single solute system were found to follow Redlich–Peterson isotherm. Data analysis of the binary solute studies indicated that extended Langmuir isotherm was the most suitable to describe adsorption of p-cresol and ammonium on AAC-MA. It is also observed that the presence of ammonium did not affect adsorption of p-cresol. On the other hand, presence of p-cresol negatively influenced adsorption of ammonium. Our research suggests that AAC-MA can potentially serve as a waste management tool for mitigation of ammonium and p-cresol from aqueous systems.}, journal={Environmental Technology & Innovation}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Zhu, Yiying and Kolar, Praveen and Shah, Sanjay B. and Cheng, Jay J. and Lim, P.K.}, year={2018}, month={Feb}, pages={63–73} }
 @article{liang_hou_liu_luo_tang_cheng_daroch_2018, title={Textile Dye Decolorizing Synechococcus PCC7942 Engineered With CotA Laccase}, volume={6}, ISSN={["2296-4185"]}, DOI={10.3389/fbioe.2018.00095}, abstractNote={Cyanobacteria are prokaryotic phototrophs capable of achieving high cellular densities with minimal inputs. These prokaryotic organisms can grow using sunlight as energy source and carbon dioxide as carbon source what makes them promising candidates as microbial cell factories for the production of numerous compounds such as chemicals, fuels, or biocatalysts. In this study, we have successfully designed and constructed using synthetic biology approach two recombinant strains of Synechococcus elongatus PCC7942 for heterologous expression of the industrially relevant Bacillus subtilis CotA laccase. One of the strains (PCC7942-NSI-CotA) was constructed through integration of the laccase gene into neutral site I of the cyanobacterial genome whilst the other (PCC7942-NSII-CotA) targeted neutral site II of the genome. Of the two strains the one with CotA laccase integrated in neutral site II (PCC7942-NSII-CotA) was superior in terms of growth rate and enzymatic activity toward typical laccase substrates: ABTS [2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate)] and syringaldazine. That may suggest that two of the traditionally used neutral sites of S. elongatus PCC7942 are not equally suitable for the expression of certain transgenes. The PCC7942-NSII-CotA produced protein was capable of decolourising three classes of dyes namely: anthraquinonic-, azo-, and indigoid-type over 7 days of incubation making the strain a potentially useful microbial cell factory for the production of broad-spectrum biodegradation agent. Interestingly, presence of additional synthetic redox mediator ABTS had no effect on the degradation of these dyes.}, journal={FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY}, author={Liang, Yuanmei and Hou, Juan and Liu, Ying and Luo, Yifan and Tang, Jie and Cheng, Jay J. and Daroch, Maurycy}, year={2018}, month={Jul} }
 @article{liang_kaczmarek_kasprzak_tang_shah_jin_klepacz-smolka_cheng_ledakowicz_daroch_2018, title={Thermosynechococcaceae as a source of thermostable C-phycocyanins: properties and molecular insights}, volume={35}, ISSN={["2211-9264"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.algal.2018.08.037}, abstractNote={This study describes characterisation of three thermophilic strains of cyanobacteria belonging to Thermosynechococcaceae and their utilisation as a source of thermostable C-phycocyanin. Three strains NIES 2133, NIES 2134 and PCC 6715 have been cultivated in two types of growth media and two temperatures: 45 and 50 °C and assessed for C-phycocyanin productivity. Among these strains Synechococcus lividus sp. PCC 6715, phylogenetically closer to Thermosynechococcus sp. clade than other Synechococcaceae, has been selected for subsequent study to characterise its C-phycocyanin. The strain showed faster growth rates than the other two and appeared to utilise different bicarbonate uptake mechanism based on SbtA, whilst BCT1 mechanism was found in NIES2133 and 2134. Higher growth rates translated to larger overall C-phycocyanin productivity. C-phycocyanin has been purified using chromatographic methods and its thermostability and pH stability has been assessed against that of Spirulina. Results have shown that PCC 6715 C-phycocyanin is one of the most stable proteins of this type reported to date. It exhibits 90% stability after 5-hour incubation at 50 °C and about 70% stability after 2-week incubation at the same temperature. PCC 6715 phycocyanins show high stability at acidic pH at both 4 °C and 50 °C, whilst at 50 °C maintain 100% stability during 4-hour incubation at pH 4.0 to 8.0. PCC 6715 phycocyanin shows good long-term stability characteristics and could be considered as a thermostable replacement for Spirulina phycocyanin. Analysis of molecular model of PCC 6715 C-phycocyanins and crystal structures of other phycocyanins reveals interesting pattern of amino acid substitutions that are present in thermophilic proteins that could have significant impact on their significantly higher thermostability. Phycocyanins from thermostable cyanobacteria exhibit evolutionarily conserved amino acid substitutions localised in the single structural hotspot of the protein that result in additional stabilising interactions within and between protein subunits when compared to proteins from mesophilic counterparts.}, journal={ALGAL RESEARCH-BIOMASS BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS}, author={Liang, Yuanmei and Kaczmarek, Michal B. and Kasprzak, Agnieszka K. and Tang, Jie and Shah, Md Mahfuzur Rahman and Jin, Peng and Klepacz-Smolka, Anna and Cheng, Jay J. and Ledakowicz, Stanislaw and Daroch, Maurycy}, year={2018}, month={Nov}, pages={223–235} }
 @article{liang_liu_tang_ma_cheng_daroch_2018, title={Transcriptomic Profiling and Gene Disruption Revealed that Two Genes Related to PUFAs/DHA Biosynthesis May be Essential for Cell Growth of Aurantiochytrium sp.}, volume={16}, ISSN={["1660-3397"]}, DOI={10.3390/md16090310}, abstractNote={Aurantiochytrium sp. PKU#SW7 is a thraustochytrid strain that was found to exhibit high potential for docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6n-3) production. In this work, the transcriptome of Aurantiochytrium sp. PKU#SW7 was analyzed for the study of genes involved in basic metabolic functions and especially in the mechanisms of DHA biosynthesis. Sequence annotation and functional analysis revealed that the strain contains components of fatty acid synthesis (FAS) and polyketide synthase (PKS) pathways. Fatty acid desaturases and elongases were identified as components of FAS pathway, whilst key components of PKS pathway were also found in the cDNA library. The relative contribution of the two pathways to the synthesis of DHA was unknown, as both pathways appeared to be lacking full complement of genes for standalone synthesis of DHA. Further analysis of two putative genes encoding the very-long-chain (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase and dehydrase/isomerase involved in FAS and PKS pathways, respectively, revealed that under various salinity conditions, their relative expression levels changed corresponding to the variation of DHA content in Aurantiochytrium sp. Independent knock outs of these genes in Aurantiochytrium sp. resulted in poor cell growth, probably due to little or no intracellular DHA accumulation. Hence, it can be speculated that both genes are engaged in DHA biosynthesis and DHA in Aurantiochytrium sp. could be produced by jointed actions of both FAS and PKS systems.}, number={9}, journal={MARINE DRUGS}, author={Liang, Yuanmei and Liu, Ying and Tang, Jie and Ma, Jiong and Cheng, Jay J. and Daroch, Maurycy}, year={2018}, month={Sep} }
 @article{wu_cui_daroch_cheng_2017, title={Concentration of Docosahexaenoic Acid from Aurantiochytrium sp Oil by Urea Complexation: Optimization of Process Parameters}, volume={11}, ISSN={["1556-6579"]}, DOI={10.1166/jbmb.2017.1657}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF BIOBASED MATERIALS AND BIOENERGY}, author={Wu, Hailong and Cui, Yan and Daroch, Maurycy and Cheng, Jay J.}, year={2017}, month={Jun}, pages={223–229} }
 @article{zhong_cheng_2017, title={Effects of Selenite on Unicellular Green Microalga Chlorella pyrenoidosa: Bioaccumulation of Selenium, Enhancement of Photosynthetic Pigments, and Amino Acid Production}, volume={65}, ISSN={0021-8561 1520-5118}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ACS.JAFC.7B04246}, DOI={10.1021/ACS.JAFC.7B04246}, abstractNote={Microalgae were studied as function bioaccumulators of selenium (Se) for food and feed supplement. To investigate the bioaccumulation of Se and its effects on the unicellular green alga Chlorella pyrenoidosa, the algal growth curve, fluorescence parameters, antioxidant enzyme activity, and fatty acid and amino acid profiles were examined. We found that Se at low concentrations (≤40 mg L-1) positively promoted algal growth and inhibited lipid peroxidation and intracellular reactive oxygen species. The antioxidative effect was associated with an increase in the levels of glutathione peroxidase, catalase, linolenic acid, and photosynthetic pigments. Meanwhile, a significant increase in amino acid and organic Se content was also detected in the microalgae. In contrast, we found opposite effects in C. pyrenoidosa exposed to >60 mg L-1 Se. The antioxidation and toxicity appeared to be correlated with the bioaccumulation of excess Se. These results provide a better understanding of the effect of Se on green microalgae, which may help in the development of new technological applications for the production of Se-enriched biomass from microalgae.}, number={50}, journal={Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Zhong, Yu and Cheng, Jay J.}, year={2017}, month={Dec}, pages={10875–10883} }
 @article{qin_wang_li_cheng_wu_2017, title={Improving methane yield from organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) with magnetic rice-straw biochar}, volume={245}, ISSN={["1873-2976"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.biortech.2017.09.047}, abstractNote={Magnetic biochar is a potential economical anaerobic digestion (AD) additive. To better understand the possible role of magnetic biochar for the improvement of biomethanization performance and the retention of methanogens, magnetic biochar fabricated under different precursor concentrations were introduced into organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) slurry AD system. Results showed that methane production in AD treatment with magnetic biochar fabricated under 3.2g FeCl3:100g rice-straw ratio increased by 11.69% compared with control treatment without biochar addition, due to selective enrichment of microorganisms participating in anaerobic digestion on magnetic biochar. AD treatment with magnetic biochar fabricated under 32g FeCl3:100g rice-straw ratio resulted in 38.34% decreasement of methane production because of the competition of iron oxide for electron. Furthermore, 25% of total methanogens were absorbed on magnetic biochar and can be harvested with magnet, which can offer a potential solution for preventing the methanogens loss in the anaerobic digesters.}, journal={BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY}, author={Qin, Yong and Wang, Haoshu and Li, Xiangru and Cheng, Jay Jiayang and Wu, Weixiang}, year={2017}, month={Dec}, pages={1058–1066} }
 @article{ansanay_kolar_sharma-shivappa_cheng_park_arellano_2017, title={Pre-treatment of biomasses using magnetised sulfonic acid catalysts}, volume={48}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Agricultural Engineering}, author={Ansanay, Y. and Kolar, P. and Sharma-Shivappa, R. and Cheng, J. and Park, S. and Arellano, C.}, year={2017}, pages={117–122} }
 @article{yarong_xin_jiayang_2017, title={Preparation and characteristics of biosilica derived from marine diatom biomass of Nitzschia closterium and Thalassiosira}, volume={35}, ISSN={["1993-5005"]}, DOI={10.1007/s00343-017-5329-9}, number={3}, journal={CHINESE JOURNAL OF OCEANOLOGY AND LIMNOLOGY}, author={Yarong, Qi and Xin, Wang and Jiayang, Cheng Jay}, year={2017}, month={May}, pages={668–680} }
 @article{qi_wang_wang_cheng_wen_2017, title={Selective adsorption of Pb(II) from aqueous solution using porous biosilica extracted from marine diatom biomass: Properties and mechanism}, volume={396}, ISSN={["1873-5584"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.11.069}, abstractNote={Biosilica with a surface area of 143 m2 g−1 derived from marine diatoms was prepared using an easy two-step method involving washing with dilute acid and baking. The extracted biosilica was used to remove divalent lead ions, i.e., Pb(II), from aqueous solution. The effects on Pb(II) adsorption of initial pH, shaking speed, and adsorbent loading were investigated. The adsorption of Pb(II) in the presence of other ions was also investigated. The biosilica showed a high adsorption capacity with high selectivity for Pb(II). The experimental maximum adsorption capacity was 108.2–120.4 mg g−1 at an adsorbent loading of 1 g L−1. The adsorption process was best described by the Langmuir model. The adsorbent selectively adsorbed Pb(II) from binary ion systems in the presence of Cu(II), Cd(II), Ni(II), and Ag(I). The results of this study show that biosilica extracted from fresh marine diatoms is a more efficient and selective adsorbent for Pb(II) than other inorganic adsorbents.}, journal={APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE}, author={Qi, Yarong and Wang, Jingfeng and Wang, Xin and Cheng, Jay Jiayang and Wen, Zhiyou}, year={2017}, month={Feb}, pages={965–977} }
 @article{liu_sanguanphun_yuan_cheng_meetam_2017, title={The biological responses and metal phytoaccumulation of duckweed Spirodela polyrhiza to manganese and chromium}, volume={24}, ISSN={["1614-7499"]}, DOI={10.1007/s11356-017-9519-y}, abstractNote={The phytoaccumulation ability of duckweed Spirodela polyrhiza on manganese (Mn) and chromium (Cr) was assessed by exposing the plant to various concentrations of single or dual metals (5-70 mg L -1  Mn, 2-12 mg L -1  Cr(VI)) under laboratory conditions. The results showed that S. polyrhiza can tolerate Mn at high concentrations of up to 70 mg L -1 , and its growth rate was barely affected by Mn. The effects of Cr on S. polyrhiza growth were dose-dependent, and the growth was completely inhibited in the presence of 12 mg L -1  Cr. Analysis of metal content in the plant biomass revealed a high accumulation of Mn (up to 15.75 mg per g of duckweed dry weight). The Cr bioaccumulation (from below detection limit to 2.85 mg Cr (11.84 mg Cr 2 O 7 2- ) per g of duckweed dry weight) increased with cultivation time and metal concentration in the medium. Further study with the concurrence of Mn and Cr showed increased toxicity to plant growth and photosynthesis. The metal accumulations in the dual metal treatments were also significantly decreased as compared to the single metal treatments. Nevertheless, the phytoaccumulation of these two metals in S. polyrhiza in the dual metal treatments were still comparable to or higher than in previous reports. Thus, it was concluded that duckweed S. polyrhiza has the potential to be used as a phytoremediator in aquatic environments for Mn and Cr removal.}, number={23}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH}, author={Liu, Ying and Sanguanphun, Tanatcha and Yuan, Wenqiao and Cheng, Jay J. and Meetam, Metha}, year={2017}, month={Aug}, pages={19104–19113} }
 @misc{shah_liang_cheng_daroch_2016, title={Astaxanthin-Producing Green Microalga Haematococcus pluvialis: From Single Cellto High Value Commercia Products}, volume={7}, ISSN={["1664-462X"]}, DOI={10.3389/fpls.2016.00531}, abstractNote={Many species of microalgae have been used as source of nutrient rich food, feed, and health promoting compounds. Among the commercially important microalgae, Haematococcus pluvialis is the richest source of natural astaxanthin which is considered as “super anti-oxidant.” Natural astaxanthin produced by H. pluvialis has significantly greater antioxidant capacity than the synthetic one. Astaxanthin has important applications in the nutraceuticals, cosmetics, food, and aquaculture industries. It is now evident that, astaxanthin can significantly reduce free radicals and oxidative stress and help human body maintain a healthy state. With extraordinary potency and increase in demand, astaxanthin is one of the high-value microalgal products of the future.This comprehensive review summarizes the most important aspects of the biology, biochemical composition, biosynthesis, and astaxanthin accumulation in the cells of H. pluvialis and its wide range of applications for humans and animals. In this paper, important and recent developments ranging from cultivation, harvest and postharvest bio-processing technologies to metabolic control and genetic engineering are reviewed in detail, focusing on biomass and astaxanthin production from this biotechnologically important microalga. Simultaneously, critical bottlenecks and major challenges in commercial scale production; current and prospective global market of H. pluvialis derived astaxanthin are also presented in a critical manner. A new biorefinery concept for H. pluvialis has been also suggested to guide toward economically sustainable approach for microalgae cultivation and processing. This report could serve as a useful guide to present current status of knowledge in the field and highlight key areas for future development of H. pluvialis astaxanthin technology and its large scale commercial implementation.}, journal={FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE}, author={Shah, Md. Mahfuzur R. and Liang, Yuanmei and Cheng, Jay J. and Daroch, Maurycy}, year={2016}, month={Apr} }
 @article{zhu_kolar_shah_cheng_lim_2016, title={Avocado seed-derived activated carbon for mitigation of aqueous ammonium}, volume={92}, ISSN={0926-6690}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.INDCROP.2016.07.016}, DOI={10.1016/J.INDCROP.2016.07.016}, abstractNote={There is a significant interest in value-addition of agricultural residues. In the present research, a novel avocado seed-activated carbon prepared from methanesulfonic acid (denoted as AAC-MA) was systematically tested as an adsorbent for removal of ammonium for the first time. SEM characterization technique was employed to identify the structural and morphological properties of the prepared carbon. The effects of pH, adsorbent dosage, initial NH4+ concentrations, and contact time on ammonium removal from aqueous solution were also investigated. Moreover, different kinetic and isotherm models were fit to the experimental data to gain a better understanding of the efficiency and applicability of the adsorption system. The pseudo-second order kinetic model was found to best describe the ammonium adsorption. The equilibrium data were found to conform best to Langmuir isotherm model with a theoretical maximum adsorption capacity of 5.4 mg g−1 at 25 °C. The results clearly suggested that the novel avocado-derived can potentially mitigate ammonium from aqueous systems.}, journal={Industrial Crops and Products}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Zhu, Yiying and Kolar, Praveen and Shah, Sanjay B. and Cheng, Jay J. and Lim, P.K.}, year={2016}, month={Dec}, pages={34–41} }
 @article{zhong_li_cheng_2016, title={Effects of selenite on chlorophyll fluorescence, starch content and fatty acid in the duckweed Landoltia punctata}, volume={129}, ISSN={["1618-0860"]}, DOI={10.1007/s10265-016-0848-6}, abstractNote={Developing a Se-enriched feed for animal has become a considerable effort. In this study, Landoltia punctata 7449 was grown over a 12 day period under concentrations of selenite (Na2SeO3) from 0 to 80 μmol L(-1). The growth rate, the chlorophyll fluorescence, the starch content and fatty acid were measured. Se at low concentrations of ≤20 μmol L(-1) had positive effects also on growth rate, fatty acid content and yield of the L. punctata. The appropriate Se treatment enhanced the activity of the photosynthetic system by increasing Fv, Fm, Fv/Fm and Fv/Fo and decreasing Fo. However, negative impact to the L. punctata was observed when the duckweed was exposed to high Se concentrations (≥40 μmol L(-1)). Significant increases in starch content in the duckweed were observed after Se application. The present study suggests that the changes in growth rate, the photosynthetic system, the starch content and the fatty acid were closely associated with the application of Se. An increased Se concentration (0-20 μmol L(-1)) in duckweed could positively induce photosynthesis, thereby increasing the yield of L. punctata and could be a resource for high nutritive quality Se-enrich feed.}, number={5}, journal={JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH}, author={Zhong, Yu and Li, Yang and Cheng, Jay J.}, year={2016}, month={Sep}, pages={997–1004} }
 @article{zhong_cheng_2016, title={Effects of selenium on biological and physiological properties of the duckweed Landoltia punctata}, volume={18}, ISSN={["1438-8677"]}, DOI={10.1111/plb.12479}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={5}, journal={PLANT BIOLOGY}, author={Zhong, Y. and Cheng, J. J.}, year={2016}, month={Sep}, pages={797–804} }
 @article{lu_yuan_cheng_rose_classen_simmons_2016, title={Modeling the Growth of Archaeon Halobacterium halobium Affected by Temperature and Light}, volume={181}, ISSN={0273-2289 1559-0291}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12010-016-2270-x}, DOI={10.1007/s12010-016-2270-x}, abstractNote={The objective of this study was to develop sigmoidal models, including three-parameter (Quadratic, Logistic, and Gompertz) and four-parameter models (Schnute and Richards) to simulate the growth of archaeon Halobacterium halobium affected by temperature and light. The models were statistically compared by using t test and F test. In the t test, confidence bounds for parameters were used to distinguish among models. For the F test, the lack of fit of the models was compared with the prediction error. The Gompertz model was 100 % accepted by the t test and 97 % accepted by the F test when the temperature effects were considered. Results also indicated that the Gompertz model was 94 % accepted by the F test when the growth of H. halobium was studied under varying light intensities. Thus, the Gompertz model was considered the best among the models studied to describe the growth of H. halobium affected by temperature or light. In addition, the biological growth parameters, including specific growth rate, lag time, and asymptote changes under Gompertz modeling, were evaluated.}, number={3}, journal={Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Lu, Hao and Yuan, Wenqiao and Cheng, Jay and Rose, Robert B. and Classen, John J. and Simmons, Otto D.}, year={2016}, month={Oct}, pages={1080–1095} }
 @article{lee_yangcheng_cheng_jane_2016, title={Starch characterization and ethanol production of duckweed and corn kernel}, volume={68}, ISSN={["1521-379X"]}, DOI={10.1002/star.201500126}, abstractNote={The objectives of this study were to characterize the chemical structure, physical properties, enzyme digestibility, and ethanol production of duckweed starch and compare them with that of corn starch (B73). Duckweed consisted of 23.3% starch (dry basis, db), which was less than B73 corn kernels (66.5%). The morphology of duckweed starch granules displayed disk/dome shapes with one side of the granule flat and diameters of 4–9 µm. Duckweed starch displayed a B‐type polymorph, having an average amylopectin branch‐chain length of DP 26.5, and 35.7% amylose; both were larger than corn starch counterparts (DP 21.3 and 31.0%, respectively). Cooked duckweed starch showed higher resistant‐starch content (14.1%) and a greater percentage of retrogradation after 7‐day storage (57.5%) than the cooked B73 corn starch counterparts (8.7 and 49.6%, respectively). Duckweed plant produced a smaller ethanol‐yield (12.0 g/100 g plant, db) but a greater ethanol‐conversion efficiency (90.8%) than the B73 corn kernels (33.7 g/100 g kernels and 89.4%, respectively).}, number={3-4}, journal={STARCH-STARKE}, author={Lee, Chang Joo and Yangcheng, Hanyu and Cheng, Jay J. and Jane, Jay-Lin}, year={2016}, month={Apr}, pages={348–354} }
 @article{li_liu_cheng_mos_daroch_2015, title={Biological potential of microalgae in China for biorefinery-based production of biofuels and high value compounds}, volume={32}, ISSN={["1876-4347"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.nbt.2015.02.001}, abstractNote={Microalgae abundance and diversity in China shows promise for identifying suitable strains for developing algal biorefinery. Numerous strains of microalgae have already been assessed as feedstocks for bioethanol and biodiesel production, but commercial scale algal biofuel production is yet to be demonstrated, most likely due to huge energy costs associated with algae cultivation, harvesting and processing. Biorefining, integrated processes for the conversion of biomass into a variety of products, can improve the prospects of microalgal biofuels by combining them with the production of high value co-products. Numerous microalgal strains in China have been identified as producers of various high value by-products with wide application in the medicine, food, and cosmetics industries. This paper reviews microalgae resources in China and their potential in producing liquid biofuels (bioethanol and biodiesel) and high value products in an integrated biorefinery approach. Implementation of a 'high value product first' principle should make the integrated process of fuels and chemicals production economically feasible and will ensure that public and private interest in the development of microalgal biotechnology is maintained.}, number={6}, journal={NEW BIOTECHNOLOGY}, author={Li, Jingjing and Liu, Ying and Cheng, Jay J. and Mos, Michal and Daroch, Maurycy}, year={2015}, month={Dec}, pages={588–596} }
 @article{wang_utsumi_yang_li_zhao_zhang_feng_sugiura_cheng_2015, title={Degradation of microcystin-LR by highly efficient AgBr/Ag3PO4/TiO2 heterojunction photocatalyst under simulated solar light irradiation}, volume={325}, ISSN={0169-4332}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.APSUSC.2014.10.078}, DOI={10.1016/J.APSUSC.2014.10.078}, abstractNote={A novel photocatalyst AgBr/Ag3PO4/TiO2 was developed by a simple facile in situ deposition method and used for degradation of mirocystin-LR. TiO2 (P25) as a cost effective chemical was used to improve the stability of AgBr/Ag3PO4 under simulated solar light irradiation. The photocatalytic activity tests for this heterojunction were conducted under simulated solar light irradiation using methyl orange as targeted pollutant. The results indicated that the optimal Ag to Ti molar ratio for the photocatalytic activity of the resulting heterojunction AgBr/Ag3PO4/TiO2 was 1.5 (named as 1.5 BrPTi), which possessed higher photocatalytic capacity than AgBr/Ag3PO4. The 1.5 BrPTi heterojunction was also more stable than AgBr/Ag3PO4 in photocatalysis. This highly efficient and relatively stable photocatalyst was further tested for degradation of the hepatotoxin microcystin-LR (MC-LR). The results suggested that MC-LR was much more easily degraded by 1.5 BrPTi than by AgBr/Ag3PO4. The quenching effects of different scavengers proved that reactive h+ and •OH played important roles for MC-LR degradation.}, journal={Applied Surface Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Wang, Xin and Utsumi, Motoo and Yang, Yingnan and Li, Dawei and Zhao, Yingxin and Zhang, Zhenya and Feng, Chuanping and Sugiura, Norio and Cheng, Jay Jiayang}, year={2015}, month={Jan}, pages={1–12} }
 @misc{cui_cheng_2015, title={Growing duckweed for biofuel production: a review}, volume={17}, ISSN={["1438-8677"]}, DOI={10.1111/plb.12216}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={PLANT BIOLOGY}, author={Cui, W. and Cheng, J. J.}, year={2015}, month={Jan}, pages={16–23} }
 @article{cui_yuan_cheng_wang_2015, title={The effects of solid carrier material and surface roughness on microalgal cell attachment}, volume={58}, number={1}, journal={Transactions of the ASABE}, author={Cui, Y. and Yuan, W. and Cheng, J. and Wang, B.}, year={2015}, pages={161–168} }
 @article{liu_tang_li_daroch_cheng_2014, title={Efficient production of triacylglycerols rich in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) by osmo-heterotrophic marine protists}, volume={98}, ISSN={["1432-0614"]}, DOI={10.1007/s00253-014-6032-9}, abstractNote={Thraustochytrids have recently emerged as a promising source for docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) production due to their high growth rate and oil content. In this study, two thraustochytrid isolates, Aurantiochytrium sp. PKU#SW7 and Thraustochytriidae sp. PKU#Mn16 were used for DHA production. Following growth parameters were optimized to maximize DHA production: temperature, pH, salinity, and glucose concentration. Both isolates achieved the highest DHA yield at the cultivation temperature of 28 °C, pH 6, 100 % seawater, and 2 % glucose. A DHA yield of 1.395 g/l and 1.426 g/l was achieved under the optimized culture conditions. Further investigation revealed that both isolates possess simple fatty acids profiles with palmitic acid and DHA as their dominant constituents, accounting for ∼79 % of total fatty acids. To date, very few studies have focused on the DHA distribution in various lipid fractions which is an important factor for identifying strains with a potential for industrial DHA production. In the present study, the lipids profiles of each strain both revealed that the majority of DHA was distributed in neutral lipids (NLs), and the DHA distribution in NLs of PKU#SW7 was exclusively in the form of triacylglycerols (TAGs) which suggest that PKU#SW7 could be utilized as an alternative source of DHA for dietary supplements. The fermentation process established for both strains also indicating that Aurantiochytrium sp. PKU#SW7 was more suitable for cultivation in fermenter. In addition, the high percentage of saturated fatty acids produced by the two thraustochytrids indicates their potential application in biodiesel production. Overall, our findings suggest that two thraustochytrid isolates are suitable candidates for biotechnological applications.}, number={23}, journal={APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY}, author={Liu, Ying and Tang, Jie and Li, Jingjing and Daroch, Maurycy and Cheng, Jay J.}, year={2014}, month={Dec}, pages={9643–9652} }
 @article{you_wei_cheng_2014, title={Improving Anaerobic Codigestion of Corn Stover Using Sodium Hydroxide Pretreatment}, volume={28}, ISSN={["1520-5029"]}, DOI={10.1021/ef4016476}, abstractNote={NaOH pretreatment of corn stover was investigated for anaerobic codigestion of corn stover with swine manure to shorten digestion time and improve biogas yield. Different NaOH concentration (2%, 4%, and 6%) at various temperatures (20 °C, 35 °C, and 55 °C) and 3 h of pretreatment time were tested for corn stover pretreatment. A C/N ratio of 25:1 in the substrates (corn stover and swine manure) was employed in the codigestion test. The results showed that the lignin removal rate of 54.57% to 79.49% was achieved through the NaOH pretreatment. The highest biogas production rate was obtained from the corn stover pretreated at 6% NaOH at 35 °C produced for 3 h, which was 34.59% higher than that from the untreated raw corn stover. The increase of methane yield was from 276 to 350 mL/g VS. On the average, the reducing sugar content of corn stover decreased to 126.7 mg/g after digestion. Digestion time (T80) of pretreated corn stover was shortened from 18 days to 12–13 days. NaOH pretreatment not only effectively...}, number={1}, journal={ENERGY & FUELS}, author={You, Zhaoyang and Wei, Taoyuan and Cheng, Jay J.}, year={2014}, month={Jan}, pages={549–554} }
 @article{daroch_jia_shao_guo_liu_cheng_2014, title={Microalgal biofuels from native biological resource of Pearl River Delta}, volume={31}, ISSN={1871-6784}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.NBT.2014.05.1669}, DOI={10.1016/J.NBT.2014.05.1669}, journal={New Biotechnology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Daroch, Maurycy and Jia, Zongchao and Shao, Cong and Guo, Hui and Liu, Ying and Cheng, Jay J.}, year={2014}, month={Jul}, pages={S25} }
 @article{ansanay_kolar_sharma-shivappa_cheng_2014, title={Niobium oxide catalyst for delignification of switchgrass for fermentable sugar production}, volume={52}, ISSN={["1872-633X"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.11.044}, abstractNote={In this research, niobium oxide, a solid acid catalyst was evaluated as a pretreatment agent for delignification of Alamo switchgrass. The objectives were to determine the effects of temperature, catalyst loading, and pretreatment time on delignification and enzymatic hydrolysis of switchgrass and evaluate reusability of the catalyst. Batch experiments were performed using a Box–Behnken statistical model to study the effects of temperature, pretreatment time, and catalyst loading followed by hydrolysis using Cellic®Ctec2 (Novozymes). Niobium oxide was able to reduce total lignin concentrations up to 44.6 ± 0.97%. Hydrolysis experiments performed for 72 and 168 h (7% enzyme loading) indicated that a maximum glucose yield of 0.169 g g−1 (59.94% conversion)–0.196 g g−1 (77.51% conversion) was obtained. Catalyst reusability studies suggested that niobium oxide was able to pretreat four separate batches of switchgrass without losing activity. Niobium oxide is expected to serve as a reusable pretreatment catalyst and make ethanol production inexpensive and environmentally friendly.}, journal={INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS}, author={Ansanay, Yane and Kolar, Praveen and Sharma-Shivappa, Ratna R. and Cheng, Jay J.}, year={2014}, month={Jan}, pages={790–795} }
 @article{yang_zhang_fu_geng_cheng_sun_2014, title={Pyrolysis kinetic and product analysis of different microalgal biomass by distributed activation energy model and pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry}, volume={163}, ISSN={0960-8524}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2014.04.040}, DOI={10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2014.04.040}, abstractNote={To assess the energy potential of different microalgae, Chlorella sorokiniana and Monoraphidium were selected for studying the pyrolytic behavior at different heating rates with the analytical method of thermogravimetric analysis (TG), distributed activation energy model (DAEM) and pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (Py–GC/MS). Results presented that Monoraphidium 3s35 showed superiority for pyrolysis at low heating rate. Calculated by DAEM, during the conversion rate range from 0.1 to 0.7, the activation energies of C. sorokiniana 21 were much lower than that of Monoraphidium 3s35. Both C. sorokiniana 21 and Monoraphidium 3s35 can produce certain amount (up to 20.50%) of alkane compounds, with 9-Octadecyne (C18H34) as the primary compound. Short-chain alkanes (C7–C13) with unsaturated carbon can be released in the pyrolysis at 500 °C for both microalgal biomass. It was also observed that the pyrolysis of C. sorokiniana 21 released more alcohol compounds, while Monoraphidium 3s35 produced more saccharides.}, journal={Bioresource Technology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Yang, Xuewei and Zhang, Rui and Fu, Juan and Geng, Shu and Cheng, Jay Jiayang and Sun, Yuan}, year={2014}, month={Jul}, pages={335–342} }
 @article{jia_liu_daroch_geng_cheng_2014, title={Screening, Growth Medium Optimisation and Heterotrophic Cultivation of Microalgae for Biodiesel Production}, volume={173}, ISSN={["1559-0291"]}, DOI={10.1007/s12010-014-0954-7}, abstractNote={This article presents a study on screening of microalgal strains from the Peking University Algae Collection and heterotrophic cultivation for biodiesel production of a selected microalgal strain. Among 89 strains, only five were capable of growing under heterotrophic conditions in liquid cultures and Chlorella sp. PKUAC 102 was found the best for the production of heterotrophic algal biodiesel. Composition of the growth medium was optimised using response surface methodology and optimised growth conditions were successfully used for cultivation of the strain in a fermentor. Conversion of algal lipids to fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) showed that the lipid profile of the heterotrophically cultivated Chlorella sp. PKUAC 102 contains fatty acids suitable for biodiesel production.}, number={7}, journal={APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY}, author={Jia, Zongchao and Liu, Ying and Daroch, Maurycy and Geng, Shu and Cheng, Jay J.}, year={2014}, month={Aug}, pages={1667–1679} }
 @article{mota_head_williams_eland_cheng_reyes_2014, title={Structural integrity affects nitrogen removal activity of granules in semi-continuous reactors}, volume={25}, ISSN={["1572-9729"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84907062953&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1007/s10532-014-9712-3}, number={6}, journal={BIODEGRADATION}, publisher={Springer Science \mathplus Business Media}, author={Mota, Cesar R. and Head, Melanie A. and Williams, Jon C. and Eland, Lucy and Cheng, Jay J. and Reyes, Francis L., III}, year={2014}, month={Nov}, pages={923–934} }
 @article{cui_yuan_cheng_2014, title={Understanding pH and Ionic Strength Effects on Aluminum Sulfate-Induced Microalgae Flocculation}, volume={173}, ISSN={["1559-0291"]}, DOI={10.1007/s12010-014-0957-4}, abstractNote={The objective of this study was to understand the effect of pH and ionic strength of aluminum sulfate on the flocculation of microalgae. It was found that changing pH and ionic strength influenced algal flocculation by changing the zeta potential of cells, which was described by the classical theory of Derjaguin, Landau, Verwey, and Overbeek (DLVO). For both algal species of Scenedesmus dimorphus and Nannochloropsis oculata, cells with lower total DLVO interaction energy had higher flocculation efficiency, indicating that the DLVO model was qualitatively accurate in predicting the flocculation of the two algae. However, the two algae responded differently to changing pH and ionic strength. The flocculation of N. oculata increased with increasing aluminum sulfate concentration and favored either low (pH 5) or high (pH 10) pH where cells had relatively low negative surface charges. For S. dimorphus, the highest flocculation was achieved at low ionic strength (1 μM) or moderate pH (pH 7.5) where cell surface charges were fully neutralized (zero zeta potential).}, number={7}, journal={APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY}, author={Cui, Y. and Yuan, W. and Cheng, J.}, year={2014}, month={Aug}, pages={1692–1702} }
 @article{daroch_shao_liu_geng_cheng_2013, title={Induction of lipids and resultant FAME profiles of microalgae from coastal waters of Pearl River Delta}, volume={146}, ISSN={["1873-2976"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.biortech.2013.07.048}, abstractNote={This article presents a study on identification, cultivation and characterisation of microalgal strains from the coastal waters of the Pearl River Delta in Guangdong, China. Thirty-seven identified strains belong to the families: Chlorellaceae, Scotiellocystoidaceae, Scenedesmaceae,Selenastraceae,Micractiniaceae, Coccomyxaceae, Trebouxiaceae and Chlorococcaceae. Of isolated strains, Hindakia PKUAC 169 was selected for lipid induction using two methods: nitrogen starvation and salt stress. After derivatisation of algal lipids through in situ transesterification, lipid profiles of the alga under the two methods were analysed. The results have shown that both lipid yield and fatty acid profiles vary with the methods. Of the two tested methods of inducing lipid production, salt stress yielded three-fold higher lipid productivity than nitrogen starvation. The lipids are predominantly composed of C14-C18 fatty acids, which are favourable for biodiesel production. Moreover, the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids was below the limit of 12% set by EN14214 biodiesel standard.}, journal={BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY}, author={Daroch, Maurycy and Shao, Congcong and Liu, Ying and Geng, Shu and Cheng, Jay J.}, year={2013}, month={Oct}, pages={192–199} }
 @inproceedings{wei_you_liu_gontupil_cheng_2012, title={Characteristics of cellulose-degrading microbes in anaerobic co-digestion of swine manure with corn stover for biogas production}, booktitle={Proceeding of the 4th International Conference on Pulping, Papermaking and Biotechnology (ICPPB '12), vols. I and II}, author={Wei, T. Y. and You, Z. Y. and Liu, Z. M. and Gontupil, J. and Cheng, J. J.}, year={2012}, pages={649–653} }
 @article{zhou_xu_wang_cheng_li_qu_2012, title={Dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment of transgenic switchgrass for sugar production}, volume={104}, ISSN={["0960-8524"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.biortech.2011.11.051}, abstractNote={Conventional Alamo switchgrass and its transgenic counterparts with reduced/modified lignin were subjected to dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment for improved sugar production. At 150 °C, the effects of acid concentration (0.75%, 1%, 1.25%) and residence time (5, 10, 20, 30 min) on sugar productions in pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis were investigated, with the optimal pretreatment conditions determined for each switchgrass genotype based on total sugar yield and the amounts of sugar degradation products generated during the pretreatment. The results show that genetic engineering, although did not cause an appreciable lignin reduction, resulted in a substantial increase in the ratio of acid soluble lignin:acid insoluble lignin, which led to considerably increased sugar productions in both pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis. At an elevated threshold concentration of combined 5-hydroxyfuranmethal and furfural (2.0 g/L), the overall carbohydrate conversions of conventional switchgrass and its transgenic counterparts, 10/9-40 and 11/5-47, reached 75.9%, 82.6%, and 82.2%, respectively.}, journal={BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY}, author={Zhou, Xu and Xu, Jiele and Wang, Ziyu and Cheng, Jay J. and Li, Ruyu and Qu, Rongda}, year={2012}, month={Jan}, pages={823–827} }
 @article{xu_cheng_stomp_2012, title={Growing Spirodela polyrrhiza in Swine Wastewater for the Production of Animal Feed and Fuel Ethanol: A Pilot Study}, volume={40}, ISSN={1863-0650}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/clen.201100108}, DOI={10.1002/clen.201100108}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={7}, journal={CLEAN - Soil, Air, Water}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Xu, Jiele and Cheng, Jay J. and Stomp, Anne-M.}, year={2012}, month={May}, pages={760–765} }
 @article{wang_xu_pandey_cheng_li_qu_2012, title={Improvement of Sugar Production from Transgenic Switchgrass with Low-Temperature Alkali Pretreatment}, volume={26}, ISSN={["1520-5029"]}, DOI={10.1021/ef3004575}, abstractNote={Genetically modified switchgrass (cv. Alamo) and its conventional plant were both pretreated using two groups of conditions: lime at 50 °C and the combination of lime and NaOH at ambient temperature. The results show that the transgenic plant (with altered lignin content and composition) was more susceptible to alkali pretreatment than the conventional plant. At the recommended conditions (0.1 g/g of raw biomass and 12 h) for lime pretreatment at 50 °C, the glucan and xylan conversions of transgenic switchgrass were 12 and 10%, respectively, higher than those of the conventional plant. These increases were reduced to 7 and 8% for glucan and xylan conversions, respectively, when the best conditions (0.025 g of lime/g of raw biomass, 0.1 g of NaOH/g of raw biomass, and 6 h) for combined alkali pretreatment at ambient temperature were employed. The advantage of transgenics over a conventional plant in sugar production could be maximized if proper pretreatment conditions were used.}, number={5}, journal={ENERGY & FUELS}, author={Wang, Ziyu and Xu, Jiele and Pandey, Pankaj and Cheng, Jay J. and Li, Ruyu and Qu, Rongda}, year={2012}, month={May}, pages={3054–3061} }
 @article{xu_cheng_stomp_2012, title={Nutrient removal from swine wastewater by growing duckweed: A pilot study}, volume={55}, DOI={10.13031/2013.41264}, abstractNote={A pilot-scale duckweed pond was installed and integrated into the existing swine wastewater management system of a swine farm in Zebulon, North Carolina to investigate its effectiveness in removing nutrients from anaerobically treated swine wastewater. The nutrient-rich wastewater was added intermittently into the duckweed pond to maintain an ammonium (NH4-N) concentration of about 20 mg L-1, and the duckweed was harvested regularly to ultimately remove nutrients from the water body. The results show that duckweed (Spirodela polyrrhiza) grew rapidly on swine wastewater under field conditions, with a dry biomass yield of 10.7 g m-2 d-1 in August and September. Over the 16-week experimental period, NH4-N, the major nutrient concern in swine wastewater, was removed at 1.12 g m-2 d-1. The fast duckweed growth and an average duckweed protein content of 26.3% enabled a protein yield of 2.11 g m-2 d-1 throughout the experiment.}, number={1}, journal={Transactions of the ASABE}, author={Xu, J. and Cheng, Jay and Stomp, A. M.}, year={2012}, pages={181–185} }
 @article{xu_zhang_cheng_2012, title={Pretreatment of corn stover for sugar production with switchgrass-derived black liquor}, volume={111}, ISSN={["1873-2976"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.biortech.2012.02.006}, abstractNote={To improve the cost-effectiveness of biomass-to-sugar conversion, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) pretreatment of switchgrass was carried out at 21°C using previously determined optimum conditions (2% NaOH (w/v), 6h), and the spent alkaline liquid (black liquor) was collected and used for pretreatment of corn stover, a feedstock exhibiting a higher susceptibility to NaOH attack, for improved enzymatic hydrolysis at a reduced cost. The results showed that, because of the high pH and the appreciable amount of carbohydrates in the black liquor, sugar production during enzymatic hydrolysis of corn stover pretreated with black liquor was comparable to that of biomass pretreated with 1% NaOH. After black liquor pretreatment at the best residence time (24h), the total reducing sugar, glucose, and xylose yields of corn stover reached 478.5, 287.7, and 145.3mg/g raw biomass, respectively, indicating the viability of this novel pretreatment technology.}, journal={BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY}, author={Xu, Jiele and Zhang, Ximing and Cheng, Jay J.}, year={2012}, month={May}, pages={255–260} }
 @article{wang_li_xu_marita_hatfield_qu_cheng_2012, title={Sodium hydroxide pretreatment of genetically modified switchgrass for improved enzymatic release of sugars}, volume={110}, ISSN={0960-8524}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.01.097}, DOI={10.1016/j.biortech.2012.01.097}, abstractNote={Overcoming biomass recalcitrance to bioconversion is crucial for cellulosic biofuels commercialization. In this study, Alamo switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) was genetically transformed to suppress the expression of 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL). The transgenic plants were determined to have lignin content reductions of up to 5.8%. The ratios of acid soluble lignin (ASL) to acid insoluble lignin (AIL) and syringyl/guaiacyl (S/G) in transgenic plants were 21.4–64.3% and 11.8–164.5%, respectively, higher than those of conventional biomass. Both conventional and transgenic plants were pretreated with 0.5%, 1%, and 2% (w/v) NaOH for 15, 30, and 60 min at 121 °C, followed by enzymatic hydrolysis with commercial cellulases and xylanases. At the optimal conditions, the glucan and xylan conversion efficiency in the best transgenic plants were 16% and 18% higher than the conventional plant, respectively. The results show that down-regulation of 4CL gene promoted enzymatic hydrolysis of plant cell walls following a mild alkali pretreatment.}, journal={Bioresource Technology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Wang, Ziyu and Li, Ruyu and Xu, Jiele and Marita, Jane M. and Hatfield, Ronald D. and Qu, Rongda and Cheng, Jay J.}, year={2012}, month={Apr}, pages={364–370} }
 @misc{xu_wang_cheng_2011, title={Bermuda grass as feedstock for biofuel production: A review}, volume={102}, ISSN={["1873-2976"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.biortech.2011.05.070}, abstractNote={Bermuda grass is a promising feedstock for the production of fuel ethanol in the Southern United States. This paper presents a review of the significant amount of research on the conversion of Bermuda grass to ethanol and a brief discussion on the factors affecting the biomass production in the field. The biggest challenge of biomass conversion comes from the recalcitrance of lignocellulose. A variety of chemical, physico-chemical, and biological pretreatment methods have been investigated to improve the digestibility of Bermuda grass with encouraging results reported. The subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation steps have also been extensively studied and effectively optimized. It is expected that the development of genetic engineering technologies for the grass and fermenting organisms has the potential to greatly improve the economic viability of Bermuda grass-based fuel ethanol production systems. Other energy applications of Bermuda grass include anaerobic digestion for biogas generation and pyrolysis for syngas production.}, number={17}, journal={BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY}, author={Xu, Jiele and Wang, Ziyu and Cheng, Jay J.}, year={2011}, month={Sep}, pages={7613–7620} }
 @article{xu_chen_cheng_sharma-shivappa_burns_2011, title={Delignification of switchgrass cultivars for bioethanol production}, volume={6}, number={1}, journal={BioResources}, author={Xu, J. L. and Chen, Y. and Cheng, J. J. and Sharma-Shivappa, R. R. and Burns, J. C.}, year={2011}, pages={707–720} }
 @article{xu_wang_sharma-shivappa_cheng_2011, title={Enzymatic hydrolysis of switchgrass and coastal bermuda grass pretreated using different chemical methods}, volume={6}, number={3}, journal={BioResources}, author={Xu, J. L. and Wang, Z. Y. and Sharma-Shivappa, R. R. and Cheng, J. J.}, year={2011}, pages={2990–3003} }
 @article{yu_liu_venkateshan_yan_cheng_sun_wang_2011, title={Functional, physiochemical, and rheological properties of duckweed (spirodela polyrhiza) protein}, volume={54}, DOI={10.13031/2013.36459}, abstractNote={Duckweed contains mainly starch and protein, and protein is a coproduct of starch-based biofuel production. Plant proteins have a great potential for value-added products. However, the lack of information on duckweed protein as a bioenergy coproduct limits its use. In this study, duckweed protein was extracted, purified, and characterized for chemical composition, molecular weight, surface hydrophobicity, emulsion, thermal stability, and rheological properties. Duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza) with an initial protein content of 34.5% was selected for this study, and the protein was extracted from fresh, frozen, and ambient temperature dried duckweed. The highest extraction rate (52.1%) was obtained from fresh duckweed, followed by ambient-dried duckweed (45.6%) and frozen duckweed (44.3%). The protein samples extracted from ambient-dried duckweed had the highest purity (67.8%) of the three prepared duckweed sources. Duckweed protein showed a low stability of the emulsion and poor emulsifying properties. Molecular weights of duckweed protein fractions ranged from 14 kDa to more than 160 kDa. FTIR showed five distinct absorption bands related to amide A and B, amide I and II, and the carbohydrate component. The melting peak of the duckweed protein sample was broad; it began below 50°C, covered a range of about 120°C, ended at 160°C, and degraded at 250°C. Duckweed protein is more hydrophobic than soy proteins at the same pH value, which suggests that duckweed protein has potential to improve water resistance of protein-based adhesives.}, number={2}, journal={Transactions of the ASABE}, author={Yu, G. and Liu, H. and Venkateshan, K. and Yan, S. and Cheng, Jay and Sun, X. S. and Wang, D.}, year={2011}, pages={555–561} }
 @article{redding_wang_keshwani_cheng_2011, title={High temperature dilute acid pretreatment of coastal Bermuda grass for enzymatic hydrolysis}, volume={102}, ISSN={["1873-2976"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.biortech.2010.09.053}, abstractNote={Dilute sulfuric acid was used to pretreat coastal Bermuda grass at high temperature prior to enzymatic hydrolysis. After both pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis processes, the highest yield of total sugars (combined xylose and glucose) was 97% of the theoretical value. The prehydrolyzate liquor was analyzed for inhibitory compounds (furfural, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF)) in order to assess potential risk for inhibition during the following fermentation. Accounting for the formation of the inhibitory compounds, a pretreatment with 1.2% acid at 140 °C for 30 min with a total sugar yield of 94% of the theoretical value may be more favorable for fermentation. From this study, it can be concluded that dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment can be successfully applied to coastal Bermuda grass to achieve high yields of monomeric glucose and xylose with acceptable levels of inhibitory compound formation.}, number={2}, journal={BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY}, author={Redding, Arthur P. and Wang, Ziyu and Keshwani, Deepak R. and Cheng, Jay J.}, year={2011}, month={Jan}, pages={1415–1424} }
 @article{wang_cheng_2011, title={Lime Pretreatment of Coastal Bermudagrass for Bioethanol Production}, volume={25}, ISSN={["1520-5029"]}, DOI={10.1021/ef2000932}, abstractNote={Coastal bermudagrass (CBG) is regarded as a potential lignocellulosic feedstock for bioethanol production in the southeast United States. Lime pretreatment of CBG for enhanced reducing sugar recovery was investigated in this study, which examined a variety of temperatures (21−121 °C) at a range of residence times with different lime loadings (0.02−0.20 g/g of dry biomass). During pretreatment, 10−20% lignin was removed. After enzymatic hydrolysis with excessive cellulases and cellobiase, the best total reducing sugar yield for the lime-pretreated CBG was 78% of the theoretical maximum, which is over 2 times more than that from the untreated CBG. The recommended condition is 100 °C for 15 min with a lime loading of 0.1 g/g of dry biomass, under which 87% glucan and 68% xylan were converted to glucose and xylose, respectively. Fermentation tests of the hydrolyzates indicated that more than 99% glucose in the hydrolyzate was used by the yeast during the fermentation, with ethanol yields of 95% of the theoret...}, number={4}, journal={ENERGY & FUELS}, author={Wang, Ziyu and Cheng, Jay J.}, year={2011}, month={Apr}, pages={1830–1836} }
 @misc{wang_xu_cheng_2011, title={Modeling biochemical conversion of lignocellulosic materials for sugar production: a Review}, volume={6}, number={4}, journal={BioResources}, author={Wang, Z. Y. and Xu, J. L. and Cheng, J. J.}, year={2011}, pages={5282–5306} }
 @article{zhang_xu_cheng_2011, title={Pretreatment of Corn Stover for Sugar Production with Combined Alkaline Reagents}, volume={25}, ISSN={["0887-0624"]}, DOI={10.1021/ef201130d}, abstractNote={Corn stover pretreatment using a combination of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and calcium oxide (CaO) at room temperature was investigated for improved cost-effectiveness of biomass-to-sugar conversion in this study. The effects of NaOH loading, CaO loading, and residence time on enzymatic hydrolysis were studied, and the total reducing sugar yield in the enzymatic hydrolysis was used to evaluate the pretreatment conditions. Compared with NaOH pretreatment, pretreatment with the combination of NaOH and CaO resulted in a similar sugar production rate but at a potentially lower cost. The addition of CaO not only increased the alkalinity, which favored biomass digestibility improvement, but also contributed to better biomass preservation in the pretreatment. On the basis of the sugar production rate and cost-benefit considerations, the two recommended pretreatment conditions were 3 h, 0.05 g NaOH g–1 raw biomass, 0.1 g CaO g–1 raw biomass and 6 h, 0.05 g NaOH g–1 raw biomass, 0.05 g CaO g–1 raw biomass, at which t...}, number={10}, journal={ENERGY & FUELS}, author={Zhang, Ximing and Xu, Jiele and Cheng, Jay J.}, year={2011}, month={Oct}, pages={4796–4802} }
 @article{xu_cheng_2011, title={Pretreatment of switchgrass for sugar production with the combination of sodium hydroxide and lime}, volume={102}, ISSN={["1873-2976"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.biortech.2010.12.038}, abstractNote={Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and lime (Ca(OH)(2)) were innovatively used together in this study to improve the cost-effectiveness of alkaline pretreatment of switchgrass at ambient temperature. Based on the sugar production in enzymatic hydrolysis, the best pretreatment conditions were determined as: residence time of 6h, NaOH loading of 0.10 g/g raw biomass, NaOH addition at the beginning, Ca(OH)(2) loading of 0.02 g/g raw biomass, and biomass wash intensity of 100ml water/g raw biomass, at which the glucose and xylose yields were respectively 59.4% and 57.3% of the theoretical yields. The sugar yield of the biomass pretreated using the combination of 0.10 g NaOH/g raw biomass and 0.02 g Ca(OH)(2)/g raw biomass was found comparable with that of the biomass pretreated using 0.20 g NaOH/g raw biomass at the same conditions, while the chemical expense was remarkably reduced due to the low cost of lime and the reduced loading of NaOH.}, number={4}, journal={BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY}, author={Xu, Jiele and Cheng, Jay J.}, year={2011}, month={Feb}, pages={3861–3868} }
 @article{xu_cui_cheng_stomp_2011, title={Production of high-starch duckweed and its conversion to bioethanol}, volume={110}, ISSN={["1537-5110"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2011.06.007}, abstractNote={Growing high-starch duckweed for its conversion to bioethanol was investigated as a novel technology to supplement maize-based ethanol production. Under the fall (autumn) climate conditions of North Carolina, the biomass accumulation rate of Spirodela polyrrhiza grown in a pilot-scale culture pond using diluted pig effluent was 12.4 g dry weight m−2 day−1. Through simple transfer of duckweed plants into well water for 10 days, the duckweed starch content increased by 64.9%, resulting in a high annual starch yield of 9.42 × 103 kg ha−1. After enzymatic hydrolysis and yeast fermentation of high-starch duckweed biomass in a 14-l fermentor, 94.7% of the theoretical starch conversion was achieved. The ethanol yield of duckweed reached 6.42 × 103 l ha−1, about 50% higher than that of maize-based ethanol production, which makes duckweed a competitive starch source for fuel ethanol production.}, number={2}, journal={BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING}, author={Xu, Jiele and Cui, Weihua and Cheng, Jay J. and Stomp, Anne-M.}, year={2011}, month={Oct}, pages={67–72} }
 @article{cheng_timilsina_2011, title={Status and barriers of advanced biofuel technologies: A review}, volume={36}, ISSN={["0960-1481"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.renene.2011.04.031}, abstractNote={Development of biofuels from renewable resources is critical to the sustainability of the world’s economy and to slow down the global climate change. Currently, a significant amount of bioethanol and biodiesel are produced as biofuels to partially replace gasoline and diesel, respectively, in the transportation sector worldwide. However, these biofuels represent a tiny portion (<4%) of the total fuels consumed. Furthermore, bioethanol is produced predominantly from sugarcane and corn, and biodiesel from crop and plant oils. Production of these raw materials is competing for the limited arable land against food and feed production. It is not feasible to tremendously increase biofuel production using the current technologies. Therefore, it is critical to investigate advanced or 2nd generation biofuel production technologies. This article is trying to summarize the current status of the 2nd generation biofuel technologies including bioethanol from lignocellulosic materials and biodiesel from microalgae. The summary includes the descriptions of the technologies, their advantages and challenges, feedstocks for the 2nd generation biofuels, the key barriers to their commercial applications, and future perspectives of the advanced technologies.}, number={12}, journal={RENEWABLE ENERGY}, author={Cheng, Jay J. and Timilsina, Govinda R.}, year={2011}, month={Dec}, pages={3541–3549} }
 @book{biomass to renewable energy processes_2010, ISBN={9781420095173}, publisher={Boca Raton: CRC Press}, year={2010} }
 @inproceedings{cheng_2010, title={Challenges of lignocellulosic ethanol technologies}, booktitle={Research Progress in Paper Industry and Biorefinery (4th ISETPP), vols 1-3}, author={Cheng, J. J.}, year={2010}, pages={1298–1301} }
 @article{xu_cheng_sharma-shivappa_burns_2010, title={Lime pretreatment of switchgrass at mild temperatures for ethanol production}, volume={101}, ISSN={["1873-2976"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.biortech.2009.12.015}, abstractNote={To improve the enzymatic digestibility of switchgrass at mild temperatures, lime pretreatment of switchgrass was explored at 50 and 21 degrees Celsius, and compared with that at 121 degrees Celsius. The effects of residence time, lime loading, and biomass washing on the sugar production efficiency were investigated. Pretreatments were evaluated based on the yields of biomass-derived sugars in the subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis. Under the best pretreatment conditions (50 degrees Celsius, 24 h, 0.10 g Ca(OH)(2)/g raw biomass, and wash intensity of 100 ml water/g raw biomass), the yields of glucose, xylose, and total reducing sugars reached 239.6, 127.2, and 433.4 mg/g raw biomass, which were respectively 3.15, 5.78, and 3.61 times those of untreated biomass. The study on calcium-lignin bonding showed that calcium ions crosslinked lignin molecules under alkaline conditions, which substantially decreased lignin solubilization during pretreatment, but the resulting high lignin contents of the pretreated biomass did not compromise the improvement of enzymatic digestibility.}, number={8}, journal={BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY}, author={Xu, Jiele and Cheng, Jay J. and Sharma-Shivappa, Ratna R. and Burns, Joseph C.}, year={2010}, month={Apr}, pages={2900–2903} }
 @article{keshwani_cheng_2010, title={Microwave-Based Alkali Pretreatment of Switchgrass and Coastal Bermudagrass for Bioethanol Production}, volume={26}, ISSN={["1520-6033"]}, DOI={10.1002/btpr.371}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={3}, journal={BIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS}, author={Keshwani, Deepak R. and Cheng, Jay J.}, year={2010}, pages={644–652} }
 @article{keshwani_cheng_2010, title={Modeling changes in biomass composition during microwave-based alkali pretreatment of switchgrass}, volume={105}, ISSN={0006-3592 1097-0290}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.22506}, DOI={10.1002/bit.22506}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={Biotechnology and Bioengineering}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Keshwani, Deepak R. and Cheng, Jay J.}, year={2010}, month={Jan}, pages={88–97} }
 @article{xu_cheng_sharma-shivappa_burns_2010, title={Sodium Hydroxide Pretreatment of Switchgrass for Ethanol Production}, volume={24}, ISSN={["1520-5029"]}, DOI={10.1021/ef9014718}, abstractNote={Lignocellulose-to-ethanol conversion is a promising technology to supplement corn-based ethanol production. However, the recalcitrant structure of lignocellulosic material is a major obstacle to the efficient conversion. To improve the enzymatic digestibility of switchgrass for the fermentable sugar production in hydrolysis, sodium hydroxide pretreatment of the biomass feedstock was investigated. At 121, 50, and 21 °C, raw switchgrass biomass at a solid/liquid ratio of 0.1 g/mL was pretreated, respectively, for 0.25−1, 1−48, and 1−96 h at different NaOH concentrations (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0%, w/v). Pretreatments were evaluated based on the yields of lignocellulose-derived sugars in the subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis. At the best pretreatment conditions (50 °C, 12 h, and 1.0% NaOH), the yield of total reducing sugars was 453.4 mg/g raw biomass, which was 3.78 times that of untreated biomass, and the glucan and xylan conversions reached 74.4 and 62.8%, respectively. Lignin reduction was closely related to the ...}, number={3}, journal={ENERGY & FUELS}, author={Xu, Jiele and Cheng, Jay J. and Sharma-Shivappa, Ratna R. and Burns, Joseph C.}, year={2010}, month={Mar}, pages={2113–2119} }
 @article{wang_keshwani_redding_cheng_2010, title={Sodium hydroxide pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of coastal Bermuda grass}, volume={101}, ISSN={["1873-2976"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.biortech.2009.12.097}, abstractNote={Coastal Bermuda grass was pretreated with NaOH at concentrations from 0.5% to 3% (w/v) for a residence time from 15 to 90 min at 121 °C. The pretreatments were evaluated based on total lignin removal and production of total reducing sugars, glucose and xylose from enzymatic hydrolysis of the pretreated biomass. Up to 86% lignin removal was observed. The optimal NaOH pretreatment conditions at 121 °C for total reducing sugars production as well as glucose and xylose yields are 15 min and 0.75% NaOH. Under these optimal pretreatment conditions, total reducing sugars yield was about 71% of the theoretical maximum, and the overall conversion efficiencies for glucan and xylan were 90.43% and 65.11%, respectively.}, number={10}, journal={BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY}, author={Wang, Ziyu and Keshwani, Deepak R. and Redding, Arthur P. and Cheng, Jay J.}, year={2010}, month={May}, pages={3583–3585} }
 @article{creamer_chen_williams_cheng_2010, title={Stable thermophilic anaerobic digestion of dissolved air flotation (DAF) sludge by co-digestion with swine manure}, volume={101}, ISSN={["1873-2976"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.biortech.2009.12.029}, abstractNote={Environmentally sound treatment of by-products in a value-adding process is an ongoing challenge in animal agriculture. The sludge produced as a result of the dissolved air flotation (DAF) wastewater treatment process in swine processing facilities is one such low-value residue. The objective of this study was to determine the fundamental performance parameters for thermophilic anaerobic digestion of DAF sludge. Testing in a semi-continuous stirred tank reactor and in batch reactors was conducted to determine the kinetics of degradation and biogas yield. Stable operation could not be achieved using pure DAF sludge as a substrate, possibly due to inhibition by long-chain fatty acids or to nutrient deficiencies. However, in a 1:1 ratio (w/w, dry basis) with swine manure, operation was both stable and productive. In the semi-continuous stirred reactor at 54.5 degrees Celsius, a hydraulic residence time of 10 days, and an organic loading rate of 4.68 gVS/day/L, the methane production rate was 2.19 L/L/day and the specific methane production rate was 0.47 L/gVS (fed). Maximum specific methanogenic activity (SMA) in batch testing was 0.15 mmoles CH(4) h(-1) gVS(-1) at a substrate concentration of 6.9 gVS L(-1). Higher substrate concentrations cause an initial lag in methane production, possibly due to long-chain fatty acid or nitrogen inhibition.}, number={9}, journal={BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY}, author={Creamer, K. S. and Chen, Y. and Williams, C. M. and Cheng, J. J.}, year={2010}, month={May}, pages={3020–3024} }
 @article{yang_sharma-shivappa_burns_cheng_2009, title={Dilute Acid Pretreatment of Oven-dried Switchgrass Germplasms for Bioethanol Production}, volume={23}, ISSN={["1520-5029"]}, DOI={10.1021/ef900043z}, abstractNote={Bioethanol production potential of three oven-dried switchgrass germplasms (St6−1, St6−3E, and St6−3F) containing 26.65−29.28% glucan, 17.92−19.37% xylan, and 17.74−19.23% lignin (dry matter basis) was investigated. Evaluation of the effect of three acid concentrations (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5% w/v) and residence times (30, 45, and 60 min) on composition of all germplasms indicated significant hemicellulose solublization relying greatly on pretreatment intensity. No apparent delignification was observed during pretreatment. Pretreated samples with the least lignin content or greatest hemicellulose solubilization within each germplasm were selected for hydrolysis and fermentation. Enzymatic hydrolysis at cellulase activities of 0, 15, and 30 FPU (filter paper units)/g dry biomass indicated that addition of cellulase significantly improved glucan hydrolysis (P 0.05). Glucan-to-glucose conversion was enhanced by acid pretreatme...}, number={7}, journal={ENERGY & FUELS}, author={Yang, Ying and Sharma-Shivappa, Ratna and Burns, Joseph C. and Cheng, Jay J.}, year={2009}, month={Jul}, pages={3759–3766} }
 @misc{cheng_stomp_2009, title={Growing Duckweed to Recover Nutrients from Wastewaters and for Production of Fuel Ethanol and Animal Feed}, volume={37}, ISSN={["1863-0650"]}, DOI={10.1002/clen.200800210}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={CLEAN-SOIL AIR WATER}, author={Cheng, Jay J. and Stomp, Anne-M.}, year={2009}, month={Jan}, pages={17–26} }
 @article{yang_sharma-shivappa_burns_cheng_2009, title={Saccharification and Fermentation of Dilute-Acid-Pretreated Freeze-Dried Switchgrass}, volume={23}, ISSN={["1520-5029"]}, DOI={10.1021/ef9003335}, abstractNote={This study investigated the potential of three freeze-dried switchgrass germplasms (St6-1, St6-3E, and St6-3F) as whole plants or their stems and leaves for bioethanol production. Whole switchgrass germplasms contained 24.34−30.95% glucan, 14.68−18.58% xylan, and 17.39−19.46% lignin. Switchgrass samples were pretreated with dilute sulfuric acid at concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5% (w/v) for 30, 45, or 60 min at 121 °C and 15 psi. Although lignin degradation was limited, over 80% hemicellulose solublization was observed, especially in leaf samples, and the removal could be enhanced by increasing the pretreatment intensity through acid concentration and treatment time adjustment. Within each germplasm, pretreated samples with the least lignin content or greatest percent hemicellulose (xylan and arabinan) solublization were hydrolyzed enzymatically by cellulase at 0, 15, or 30 filter paper units (FPU)/g of dry biomass supplemented with cellobiase. Although the addition of cellulase greatly improved cellulo...}, number={11}, journal={ENERGY & FUELS}, author={Yang, Ying and Sharma-Shivappa, Ratna R. and Burns, Joseph C. and Cheng, Jay}, year={2009}, month={Nov}, pages={5626–5635} }
 @misc{keshwani_cheng_2009, title={Switchgrass for bioethanol and other value-added applications: A review}, volume={100}, ISSN={["1873-2976"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.biortech.2008.09.035}, abstractNote={Switchgrass is a promising feedstock for value-added applications due to its high productivity, potentially low requirements for agricultural inputs and positive environmental impacts. The objective of this paper is to review published research on the conversion of switchgrass into bioethanol and other value-added products. Environmental benefits associated with switchgrass include the potential for carbon sequestration, nutrient recovery from runoff, soil remediation and provision of habitats for grassland birds. Pretreatment of switchgrass is required to improve the yields of fermentable sugars. Based on the type of pretreatment, glucose yields range from 70% to 90% and xylose yields range from 70% to 100% after hydrolysis. Following pretreatment and hydrolysis, ethanol yields range from 72% to 92% of the theoretical maximum. Other value-added uses of switchgrass include gasification, bio-oil production, newsprint production and fiber reinforcement in thermoplastic composites. Future prospects for research include increased biomass yields, optimization of feedstock composition for bioenergy applications, and efficient pentose fermentation to improve ethanol yields.}, number={4}, journal={BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY}, author={Keshwani, Deepak R. and Cheng, Jay J.}, year={2009}, month={Feb}, pages={1515–1523} }
 @inproceedings{wang_keshwani_redding_cheng_2008, title={Alkaline pretreatment of coastal bermudagrass for bioethanol production}, volume={084013}, booktitle={Proceedings of the ASABBE Annual International Meeting (Providence, Rhode Island)}, author={Wang, Z. and Keshwani, D. R. and Redding, A. P. and Cheng, J. J.}, year={2008} }
 @inproceedings{xu_cheng_2008, title={Alkaline pretreatment of switchgrass for ethanol production}, booktitle={IBE Annual Meeting (Chapel Hill, North Carolina)}, author={Xu, J. and Cheng, J. J.}, year={2008} }
 @inproceedings{redding_wang_keshwani_cheng_2008, title={High temperature dilute acid pretreatment of coastal bermudagrass}, volume={084148}, DOI={10.13031/2013.25041}, abstractNote={The conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into ethanol is an encouraging technology in the face of concerns over global warming and finite energy resources. In the southeastern United States, coastal bermudagrass shows potential for use as an energy crop for ethanol production. A review of the literature has shown that research has been done on the dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment of costal bermudagrass at 121oC prior to enzymatic hydrolysis. This study examined dilute acid concentrations of 0.3%(w/w) to 1.2%(w/w) at temperatures from 120C to 180C over residence times of 5 to 60 minutes in an effort to optimize the pretreatment process for sugar production. Bermudagrass was pretreated in a 1:10 mixture with dilute sulfuric acid. The pretreated solids were enzymatically hydrolyzed and the resulting reducing sugars have been quantified using a DNS assay method. Data is still being generated,, but from average total reducing sugar data that has been analyzed, the pretreatment conditions of 1.2% sulfuric acid (w/w) for 30 minutes yields optimum sugar production of 300 mg sugars / gram of un-pretreated biomass. Carbohydrate and lignin content will be measured before and after pretreatment in addition to an estimation of reducing sugars in the pretreatment filtrate in future work.}, booktitle={Proceedings of the ASABE Annual International Meeting (Providence, Rhode Island)}, author={Redding, A. P. and Wang, Z. and Keshwani, D. R. and Cheng, Jay}, year={2008} }
 @article{creamer_williams_chen_cheng_2008, title={Implications of urine-to-feces ratio in the thermophilic anaerobic digestion of swine waste}, volume={80}, ISSN={["1554-7531"]}, DOI={10.2175/106143007X184717}, abstractNote={Thermophilic anaerobic digestion of swine manure represents a potential waste treatment technology to address environmental concerns, such as odor emissions and removal of pathogenic microorganisms. However, there are concerns relative to the stability of this process when swine manure is the sole substrate. In this study, the potential of biogas production from swine manure as the sole substrate under thermophilic (50°C) conditions was investigated in the laboratory, to determine whether separation of urine and feces as part of the waste collection process would benefit anaerobic digestion. Effluent from a continuously stirred tank reactor was used as the inoculum for batch tests, in which the substrate contained three different concentrations of urine (urine‐free, as‐excreted urine‐to‐feces ratio and double the as‐excreted urine‐to‐feces ratio). Inocula were acclimated to these same urine‐to‐feces ratios to determine methane production. Results show that both urine‐free and as‐excreted substrates were not inhibitory to anaerobic inocula. Anaerobic microorganisms can be readily acclimated to substrate with double the as‐excreted urine concentration, which contained nitrogen concentrations up to 7.20 g/L. Cumulative methane production reached similar levels in the batch tests, regardless of the substrate urine concentration.}, number={3}, journal={WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH}, author={Creamer, K. S. and Williams, C. M. and Chen, Y. and Cheng, J. J.}, year={2008}, month={Mar}, pages={267–275} }
 @misc{chen_cheng_creamer_2008, title={Inhibition of anaerobic digestion process: A review}, volume={99}, ISSN={["1873-2976"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.biortech.2007.01.057}, abstractNote={Anaerobic digestion is an attractive waste treatment practice in which both pollution control and energy recovery can be achieved. Many agricultural and industrial wastes are ideal candidates for anaerobic digestion because they contain high levels of easily biodegradable materials. Problems such as low methane yield and process instability are often encountered in anaerobic digestion, preventing this technique from being widely applied. A wide variety of inhibitory substances are the primary cause of anaerobic digester upset or failure since they are present in substantial concentrations in wastes. Considerable research efforts have been made to identify the mechanism and the controlling factors of inhibition. This review provides a detailed summary of the research conducted on the inhibition of anaerobic processes. The inhibitors commonly present in anaerobic digesters include ammonia, sulfide, light metal ions, heavy metals, and organics. Due to the difference in anaerobic inocula, waste composition, and experimental methods and conditions, literature results on inhibition caused by specific toxicants vary widely. Co-digestion with other waste, adaptation of microorganisms to inhibitory substances, and incorporation of methods to remove or counteract toxicants before anaerobic digestion can significantly improve the waste treatment efficiency.}, number={10}, journal={BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY}, author={Chen, Ye and Cheng, Jay J. and Creamer, Kurt S.}, year={2008}, month={Jul}, pages={4044–4064} }
 @inproceedings{xu_cheng_sharma-shivappa_burns_2008, title={Lime pretreatment of switchgrass for bioethanol production}, volume={083998}, DOI={10.13031/2013.24815}, abstractNote={Lignocellulose-to-ethanol conversion is a promising technology to supplement corn-based ethanol production. To improve the enzymatic digestibility of lignocellulosic materials, pretreatment is necessary as it alters the structure of lignocellulosic matrix, thereby making the cellulose more accessible to cellulase enzymes during hydrolysis. In this research, switchgrass was used as lignocellulosic feedstock and lime was used as pretreatment agent to study the impact of lime loading, residence time and temperature on the reducing sugar yield of biomass after pretreatment. The results showed that lime pretreatment could effectively improve the digestibility of switchgrass at both high temperature and low temperature. At 121oC, increasing lime loading or extending residence time didn’t necessarily favor the improvement of biomass digestibility. 15 min pretreatment with the lime loading of 0.10 g/g raw biomass was recommended. At 50oC, longer residence times were needed while the lime requirement didn’t change. 24 h pretreatment with the lime loading of 0.10 g/g raw biomass was recommended. Using the recommended conditions, the reducing sugar yields of pretreated biomass were over 4 times that of unpretreated biomass. The research also showed that lime pretreatment was promising at even lower temperatures. At ambient temperature, the total reducing sugar yield from raw biomass reached 392 mg/g raw biomass after 24 h lime pretreatment, only 8% lower than that obtained under the recommended condition at 121oC or 50oC.}, booktitle={Proceedings of the ASABE Annual International Meeting (Providence, Rhode Island)}, author={Xu, J. and Cheng, Jay and Sharma-Shivappa, R. R. and Burns, J. C.}, year={2008} }
 @inproceedings{keshwani_cheng_2008, title={Microwave-based alkali pretreatment of lignocelluloses}, booktitle={IBE Annual Meeting (Chapel Hill, North Carolina)}, author={Keshwani, D. R. and Cheng, J. J.}, year={2008} }
 @inproceedings{keshwani_cheng_2008, title={Modeling of microwave based chemical pretreatment of switchgrass}, volume={083954}, booktitle={Proceedings of the ASABE Annual International Meeting (Providence, Rhode Island)}, author={Keshwani, D. R. and Cheng, J. J.}, year={2008} }
 @inproceedings{xu_chen_wang_sharma-shivappa_burns_cheng_2007, title={Alkaline pretreatment of switchgrass for bioconversion to ethanol}, booktitle={2007 ASABE Regional Annual Conference (Fletcher, North Carolina)}, author={Xu, J. and Chen, Y. and Wang, Z. and Sharma-Shivappa, R. R. and Burns, J. C. and Cheng, J. J.}, year={2007} }
 @article{chen_cheng_2007, title={Anaerobic waste treatment processes}, volume={79}, DOI={10.2175/106143007x218430}, abstractNote={Water Environment ResearchVolume 79, Issue 10 p. 1430-1450 Treatment SystemFree Access Anaerobic Waste Treatment Processes Ye Chen, Ye ChenSearch for more papers by this authorJay J. Cheng, Jay J. ChengSearch for more papers by this author Ye Chen, Ye ChenSearch for more papers by this authorJay J. Cheng, Jay J. ChengSearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 October 2007 https://doi.org/10.2175/106143007X218430AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Volume79, Issue102007 Literature ReviewSeptember 2007Pages 1430-1450 RelatedInformation}, number={10}, journal={Water Environment Research}, author={Chen, Y. and Cheng, Jay}, year={2007}, pages={1430–1450} }
 @inproceedings{chen_yablonski_ernst_stomp_cheng_2007, title={Duckweed: an alternative starch source for bioethanol production}, booktitle={2007 ASABE Regional Annual Conference (Fletcher, North Carolina)}, author={Chen, Y. and Yablonski, M. and Ernst, E. and Stomp, A. -M. and Cheng, J. J.}, year={2007} }
 @article{chen_cheng_2007, title={Effect of potassium inhibition on the thermophilic anaerobic digestion of swine waste}, volume={79}, ISSN={["1061-4303"]}, DOI={10.2175/106143007X156853}, abstractNote={The inhibition effects of high potassium concentration on thermophilic anaerobic digestion of swine waste were studied. A continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR), operated at a hydraulic retention time of 10 days and chemical oxygen demand loading of 7.2 to 7.5 g/L/d, was used to digest swine waste and cultivate thermophilic anaerobic microorganisms. To evaluate the toxicity of potassium, batch inhibition tests were also conducted. Without acclimation to potassium, the inhibition threshold beyond which methane production decreased significantly was 3 g K +/L. Volatile fatty acids accumulation was observed during the decline of methane production. Propionic acid was the dominant fatty acid, indicating that propionic acid utilizers were more sensitive to potassium inhibition than acetoclastic methanogens. To test the effect of acclimation on potassium inhibition, the potassium concentration in the CSTR was increased to 6 and 9 g K +/L. Acclimation to 6 g K +/L increased the tolerance of anaerobic inocula to potassium inhibition without significantly reducing the methanogenic activity. The inhibition threshold was increased from 3 g K +/L for unacclimated inocula, to 6 g K +/L for inocula acclimated to 6 g/L of potassium. Acclimation of inocula to 9 g/L potassium further increased the inhibition threshold to 7.5 g K +/L. However, the overall methanogenic activity in the last case was lower than that of unacclimated and 6 g K +/L acclimated inocula.}, number={6}, journal={WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH}, author={Chen, Ye and Cheng, Jay J.}, year={2007}, month={Jun}, pages={667–674} }
 @article{sun_cheng_himmel_skory_adney_thomas_tisserat_nishimura_yamamoto_2007, title={Expression and characterization of Acidothermus cellulolyticus E1 endoglucanase in transgenic duckweed Lemna minor 8627}, volume={98}, ISSN={["0960-8524"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.biortech.2006.09.055}, abstractNote={Endoglucanase E1 from Acidothermus cellulolyticus was expressed cytosolically under control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter in transgenic duckweed, Lemna minor 8627 without any obvious observable phenotypic effects on morphology or rate of growth. The recombinant enzyme co-migrated with the purified catalytic domain fraction of the native E1 protein on western blot analysis, revealing that the cellulose-binding domain was cleaved near or in the linker region. The duckweed-expressed enzyme was biologically active and the expression level was up to 0.24% of total soluble protein. The endoglucanase activity with carboxymethylcellulose averaged 0.2 units mg protein−1 extracted from fresh duckweed. The optimal temperature and pH for E1 enzyme activity were about 80 °C and pH 5, respectively. While extraction with HEPES (N-[2-hydroxyethyl]piperazine-N′-[2-ethanesulfonic acid]) buffer (pH 8) resulted in the highest recovery of total soluble proteins and E1 enzyme, extraction with citrate buffer (pH 4.8) at 65 °C enriched relative amounts of E1 enzyme in the extract. This study demonstrates that duckweed may offer new options for the expression of cellulolytic enzymes in transgenic plants.}, number={15}, journal={BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY}, author={Sun, Ye and Cheng, Jay J. and Himmel, Michael E. and Skory, Christopher D. and Adney, William S. and Thomas, Steven R. and Tisserat, Brent and Nishimura, Yufuko and Yamamoto, Yuri T.}, year={2007}, month={Nov}, pages={2866–2872} }
 @article{chen_cheng_2006, title={Application of anaerobic processes}, volume={78}, DOI={10.2175/106143006X119224}, abstractNote={Anaerobic digestion includes a diverse array of biological waste treatment systems from which dissolved oxygen is excluded. Originally used to substantially destroy complex organic matter in wastes, anaerobic digestion technique has now found many new and evolving applications on pollution prevention, sustainable energy and nutrient recovery, as well as pathogen inactivation. The main objective of this article is to provide an overview of the recent research on the anaerobic digestion of agricultural, industrial, and municipal wastes. Information of the recent development in anaerobic microbiology and mathematical modeling is also covered in the article. 1 General}, number={10}, journal={Water Environment Research}, author={Chen, Y. and Cheng, Jay}, year={2006}, pages={1363–1385} }
 @inproceedings{koleva_cheng_arsov_topalova_2006, title={Possibilities for implementation of the CANON technology for biological high strength nitrogen removal}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 11th Scientific and Practical Conference Water Quality Technologies and Management in Bulgaria (Sofia, Bulgaria)}, author={Koleva, M. and Cheng, J. and Arsov, R. and Topalova, Y.}, year={2006}, pages={141–150} }
 @misc{chen_cheng_2005, title={Anaerobic processes in waste treatment}, volume={77}, ISSN={["1554-7531"]}, DOI={10.2175/106143005X54407}, abstractNote={Anaerobic digestion is a biochemical conversion technology that can substantially destroy complex organic matter in wastes. When used in a fully engineered system, anaerobic digestion not only provides pollution prevention, but also allows for sustainable energy and nutrient recovery. As the technology continues to mature, anaerobic digestion is becoming a key method for both waste reduction and recovery of a renewable fuel and other valuable co-products. The main objective of this article is to provide an overview of the recent research on the anaerobic digestion of agricultural, industrial, and municipal wastes. Information of the recent development in anaerobic microbiology and mathematical modeling is also covered in the article.}, number={6}, journal={WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH}, author={Chen, Ye and Cheng, Jay J.}, year={2005}, pages={1347–1388} }
 @article{sun_cheng_2005, title={Dilute acid pretreatment of rye straw and bermudagrass for ethanol production}, volume={96}, ISSN={["1873-2976"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.biortech.2004.12.022}, abstractNote={Ethanol production from lignocellulosic materials provides an alternative energy production system. Rye and bermudagrass that are used in hog farms for nutrient uptake from swine wastewater have the potential for fuel ethanol production because they have a relative high cellulose and hemicellulose content. Dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment of rye straw and bermudagrass before enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose was investigated in this study. The biomass at a solid loading rate of 10% was pretreated at 121 degrees C with different sulfuric acid concentrations (0.6, 0.9, 1.2 and 1.5%, w/w) and residence times (30, 60, and 90 min). Total reducing sugars, arabinose, galactose, glucose, and xylose in the prehydrolyzate were analyzed. In addition, the solid residues were hydrolyzed by cellulases to investigate the enzymatic digestibility. With the increasing acid concentration and residence time, the amount of arabinose and galactose in the filtrates increased. The glucose concentration in the prehydrolyzate of rye straw was not significantly influenced by the sulfuric acid concentration and residence time, but it increased in the prehydrolyzate of bermudagrass with the increase of pretreatment severity. The xylose concentration in the filtrates increased with the increase of sulfuric acid concentration and residence time. Most of the arabinan, galactan and xylan in the biomass were hydrolyzed during the acid pretreatment. Cellulose remaining in the pretreated feedstock was highly digestible by cellulases from Trichoderma reesei.}, number={14}, journal={BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY}, author={Sun, Y and Cheng, JJ}, year={2005}, month={Sep}, pages={1599–1606} }
 @article{mota_head_ridenoure_cheng_reyes_2005, title={Effects of aeration cycles on nitrifying bacterial populations and nitrogen removal in intermittently aerated reactors}, volume={71}, ISSN={["1098-5336"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-29144451509&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1128/AEM.71.12.8565-8572.2005}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT}, number={12}, journal={APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY}, author={Mota, C and Head, MA and Ridenoure, JA and Cheng, JJ and Reyes, FL}, year={2005}, month={Dec}, pages={8565–8572} }
 @article{mota_ridenoure_cheng_reyes_2005, title={High levels of nitrifying bacteria in intermittently aerated reactors treating high ammonia wastewater}, volume={54}, ISSN={["1574-6941"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-26244460968&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1016/j.femsec.2005.05.001}, abstractNote={Changes in the fractions of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria in two laboratory-scale reactors were investigated using 16S rRNA probe hybridizations. The reactors were operated in intermittent aeration mode and different aeration cycles to treat anaerobically digested swine wastewater with ammonia concentrations up to 175 mg NH3-N/L. High ammonia removals (>98.8%) were achieved even with increased nitrogen loads and lower aeration: non-aeration time ratios of 1 h:3 h. Nitrosomonas/Nitrosococcus mobilis were the dominant ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in the reactors. Nitrospira-like organisms were the dominant nitrite-oxidizing bacteria during most of the investigation, but were occasionally outcompeted by Nitrobacter. High levels of nitrifiers were measured in the biomass of both reactors, and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and nitrite-oxidizing bacterial levels adjusted to changing aeration: non-aeration time ratios. Theoretical ammonia-oxidizer fractions, determined by a mathematical model, were comparable to the measured values, although the measured biomass fractions were different at each stage while the theoretical values remained approximately constant. Stable ammonia removals and no nitrite accumulation were observed even when rRNA levels of ammonia oxidizers and nitrite-oxidizers reached a minimum of 7.2% and 8.6% of total rRNA, respectively. Stable nitrogen removal performance at an aeration: non-aeration ratio of 1 h:3 h suggests the possibility of significant savings in operational costs.}, number={3}, journal={FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY}, author={Mota, C and Ridenoure, J and Cheng, JY and Reyes, FL}, year={2005}, month={Nov}, pages={391–400} }
 @inproceedings{head_mota_ridenoure_reyes f. l._cheng_2005, title={Intermittent aeration for nitrogen removal from high-ammonia wastewater through nitrification and denitrification in a single reactor}, booktitle={2005 Animal Waste Management Symposium (Research Triangle, NC)}, author={Head, M. A. and Mota, C. R. and Ridenoure, J. A., III and Reyes F. L. and Cheng, J. J.}, year={2005} }
 @inproceedings{head_mota_ridenoure_l._cheng_2005, title={Nitrogen Removal from Anaerobically Pretreated Swine Wastewater in an Intermittent Aeration Process}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-70349157669&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.13031/2013.19488}, abstractNote={Intermittent aeration (IA) process was investigated for nitrogen removal from anaerobically pretreated 
swine wastewater (APTSW) that contained a high concentration of ammonium (average 265 mgNH4- 
N/l) and a low sCOD (soluble chemical oxygen demand)/N ratio (average 1.4). Nitrogen removal from the 
APTSW was achieved through nitrification and denitrification in a single, semi-continuously fed reactor that was 
operated with alternation of aeration and non-aeration at room temperature (23oC). To optimize the IA 
process, different Aeration:Non-Aeration (ANA) ratios and cycle lengths were used in the reactors as follows: 
Reactor A, l hour : 1 hour; Reactor B, 1 hour : 3 hours; Reactor C, 0.5 hour : 1.5 hours; Reactor D, 0.5 hour : 2 
hour; Reactor E, 1 hour : 4 hours; Reactor F, 1 hour : 5 hours; and Reactor G, 1 hour : 6 hours. The hydraulic 
retention time (HRT) and mean cell residence time (MCRT) for the reactors were 3 and 20 days, respectively. 
Over 79 % ammonium was removed in all of the reactors. The reactor with the highest ANA ratio (Reactor A) 
achieved the highest NH3-N removal (99%), while the reactor with the longest non-aeration period (Reactor F) 
achieved the highest total nitrogen removal (83%). It was found that nitrogen removal was achieved through 
nitrate denitrification in Reactors A, B, C, and D, but it was via nitrite reduction in Reactors E and F. The high 
nitrogen removal efficiency indicated that the required organic carbon must have been obtained from the 
solubilization of solids contained in the influent or from microbial decay byproducts. The substantially higher 
denitrification rates observed in Reactors E and F were likely due to the decreased sCOD requirements for 
nitrogen removal via nitrite versus those required via nitrate.}, booktitle={2005 Tampa, FL July 17-20, 2005}, publisher={American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE)}, author={Head, M. A. and Mota, C. R. and Ridenoure, J. A. and L., Reyes F. and Cheng, J. J.}, year={2005} }
 @inproceedings{head_williams_mota_reyes f. l._cheng_2005, title={Nitrogen removing activity of granules in intermittent aeration reactors treating high-ammonia wastewater}, booktitle={4th International Water Association Specialized Conference on Microorganisms in Activated Sludge and Biofilm Systems (Gold Coast, Australia)}, author={Head, M. A. and Williams, J. C. and Mota, C. R., III and Reyes F. L. and Cheng, J. J.}, year={2005} }
 @article{chaiprapat_cheng_classen_liehr_2005, title={Role of internal nutrient storage in duckweed growth for swine wastewater treatment}, volume={48}, DOI={10.13031/2013.20088}, abstractNote={The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship of the nutrient content of duckweed biomass to 
duckweed growth in swine wastewater. Batch tests of Spirodela punctata 7776, the selected strain for highest total protein 
production, were conducted in an environment-controlled growth chamber at 24°C and 16 h of light per day. A prolonged 
growth period was observed after the nutrients in the medium were exhausted, indicating that duckweed could use its stored 
nutrients for growth. Prediction of growth using medium concentration as an independent variable was deemed unsuitable 
to describe this growth. Throughout the 30-day growing period, nitrogen and phosphorus content in the biomass varied from 
59.7 to 19.7 mgN/gbiomass and from 14.8 to 6.8 mgP/gbiomass (dry weight basis), respectively. The relationship between biomass 
nitrogen content and specific growth rate of Spirodela punctata 7776 was found to follow Monod-type kinetics with .max of 
0.24 gN/gbiomass/day and KN of 28.8 mgP/gbiomass. Reduced growth rate was observed in the duckweed culture with high 
duckweed density (mass per unit area). Effects of the duckweed density on growth rate and nutrient uptake are modeled and 
discussed.}, number={6}, journal={Transactions of the ASAE}, author={Chaiprapat, S. and Cheng, J. J. and Classen, J. J. and Liehr, S. K.}, year={2005}, pages={2247–2258} }
 @article{head_ridenoure_mota_reyes f. l._cheng_2005, title={Using intermittent aeration to remove nitrogen from swine wastewater}, volume={4}, number={4}, journal={Industrial Wastewater}, author={Head, M. A. and Ridenoure, J. A. and Mota, C. R., III and Reyes F. L. and Cheng, J. J.}, year={2005}, pages={9–12} }
 @inproceedings{cheng_jason_fleming_2004, title={Anaerobic digestion of swine manure at ambient temperature}, volume={10}, ISBN={1843395509}, booktitle={Anaerobic digestion X : selected proceedings of the 10th IWA Congress on Anaerobic Digestion, held in Montreal, Canada, 29 August - 2 September 2004}, author={Cheng, J. J. and Jason and Fleming, G.}, year={2004} }
 @misc{chen_cheng_2004, title={Anaerobic processes}, volume={76}, ISSN={["1554-7531"]}, DOI={10.2175/106143004X142040}, abstractNote={Water Environment ResearchVolume 76, Issue 6 p. 1155-1190 Treatment SystemFree Access Anaerobic Processes Ye Chen, Ye ChenSearch for more papers by this authorJay J. Cheng, Jay J. ChengSearch for more papers by this author Ye Chen, Ye ChenSearch for more papers by this authorJay J. Cheng, Jay J. ChengSearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 October 2004 https://doi.org/10.2175/106143004X142040AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Volume76, Issue62004 Literature ReviewSeptember-October 2004Pages 1155-1190 RelatedInformation}, number={6}, journal={WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH}, author={Chen, Y and Cheng, JJ}, year={2004}, pages={1155–1190} }
 @article{ponce_peet_harlow_cheng_willits_2004, title={Assessment of swine waste bioremediation using greenhouse tomatoes}, ISBN={["90-6605-627-4"]}, ISSN={["0567-7572"]}, DOI={10.17660/actahortic.2004.633.51}, abstractNote={ISHS XXVI International Horticultural Congress: Protected Cultivation 2002: In Search of Structures, Systems and Plant Materials for Sustainable Greenhouse Production ASSESSMENT OF SWINE WASTE BIOREMEDIATION USING GREENHOUSE TOMATOES}, number={633}, journal={PROTECTED CULTIVATION 2002: IN SEARCH OF STRUCTURES, SYSTEMS AND PLANT MATERIALS FOR SUSTAINABLE GREENHOUSE PRODUCTION}, author={Ponce, KH and Peet, MM and Harlow, CD and Cheng, J and Willits, DH}, year={2004}, pages={415–423} }
 @inproceedings{mota_ridenoure_cheng_reyes f. l._2004, title={Effects of aeration cycles on populations of nitrifying bacteria and nitrogen removal in intermittently-aerated reactors}, booktitle={77th Annual Technical Exhibition and Conference : the water quality event : Ernest N. Morial Convention Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, October 2-6, 2004}, author={Mota, C. R. and Ridenoure, J. A. and Cheng, J. and Reyes F. L.}, year={2004} }
 @article{sun_cheng_2004, title={Enzymatic hydrolysis of rye straw and bermudagrass using cellulases supplemented with beta-glucosidase}, volume={47}, DOI={10.13031/2013.15837}, abstractNote={Enzymatic hydrolysis of acid-pretreated rye straw and Bermudagrass, lignocellulosic agricultural residues 
commonly found in the southeastern U.S., has been investigated for bioconversion of the lignocellulosic materials into 
reducing sugars. Cellulases supplemented with .-glucosidase were used as the biocatalysts for the bioconversion. The effects 
of the cellulase and .-glucosidase loadings on the bioconversion efficiency were studied for both rye straw and 
Bermudagrass. Increase of cellulase loading from 5 to 15 FPU (filter paper unit)/g biomass enhanced glucose production. 
Supplementation of .-glucosidase effectively improved the glucose production rate and cellulose conversion efficiency. 
Significant cellubiose was observed as an intermediate in the conversion process without the addition of .-glucosidase. When 
.-glucosidase was added to 25 CBU (cellobiase unit)/g biomass or higher in the enzymatic hydrolysis, there was no cellobiose 
accumulation in the hydrolyzates. A cellulose conversion efficiency of 45% was achieved for pretreated Bermudagrass. Rye 
straw was more resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis, with a conversion efficiency of 38%.}, number={1}, journal={Transactions of the ASAE}, author={Sun, Y. and Cheng, Jay}, year={2004}, pages={343–349} }
 @inproceedings{ridenoure_head_mota_reyes f. l._cheng_2004, title={Optimization of intermittent aeration for nitrogen removal from swine wastewater}, booktitle={77th Annual Technical Exhibition and Conference : the water quality event : Ernest N. Morial Convention Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, October 2-6, 2004}, author={Ridenoure, J. A. and Head, M. A. and Mota, C. R. and Reyes F. L. and Cheng, J.}, year={2004} }
 @inproceedings{cheng_peet_willits_2004, title={Swine wastewater treatment and reclamation}, volume={1}, booktitle={Progress on bioproducts processing and food safety, selected papers from the 1st International Conference of CIGR section VI on bioproducts processing and food safety, Beijing, China, 11-14 October 2004}, author={Cheng, J. J. and Peet, M. M. and Willits, D. H.}, year={2004} }
 @misc{cheng_shearin_peet_willits_2004, title={Utilization of treated swine wastewater for greenhouse tomato production}, volume={50}, ISSN={["0273-1223"]}, DOI={10.2166/wst.2004.0093}, abstractNote={An integrated system has been developed to recycle waste organics and treated wastewater from a swine farm to make value-added products and to protect the environment from potential contamination. The farm is a farrow-to-wean swine operation with approximately 4,000 sows. A high-strength wastewater (chemical oxygen demand, 18,000 mg/l; total Khejdal nitrogen, 1,600 mg/l; total phosphorus, 360 mg/l) is produced from the swine operation. An ambient-temperature anaerobic digester has been used to treat the swine wastewater and to produce biogas (from an average 475 m3/day in winter to 950 m3/day in summer). The biogas is combusted in an engine to produce electricity (around 900 kW-hr/day). The digester effluent that is rich in nutrients (N, P, and minerals) is then utilized for fertigation for greenhouse tomato production. A trickling nitrification biofilter has been developed to convert ammonium in the effluent into nitrate. The nitrified anaerobic effluent is used as both fertilizer and irrigation water for approximately 14,400 tomato plants in greenhouses. Experimental data indicate that the tomato greenhouses have used approximately 12 m3 of the effluent and 3.84 kg nitrogen per day. At the same time, the greenhouses have a daily yield of 520 kg (37 g/plant) of marketable fruit.}, number={2}, journal={WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}, author={Cheng, J and Shearin, TE and Peet, MM and Willits, DH}, year={2004}, pages={77–82} }
 @inproceedings{cheng_peet_willits_2003, title={Ambient temperature anaerobic digester and greenhouse for swine waste treatment and bioresource recovery at Barham farm}, ISBN={0966977025}, booktitle={Proceedings : North Carolina Animal Waste Management Workshop : Oct. 16-17, 2003, Sheraton Imperial Hotel, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina}, author={Cheng, J. and Peet, M. M. and Willits, D. H.}, year={2003} }
 @article{cheng_2003, title={Anaerobic processes}, volume={75}, DOI={10.2175/106143003x141411}, abstractNote={Anaerobic Processes Jiayang Cheng This review is focusing on anaerobic processes for waste treatment. Citations related to anaerobic biofilm reactors and hazardous waste treatment may also be found in other sections of this volume. The areas covered in this review include anaerobic waste treatment, biofilm anaerobic processes, anaerobic treatment of hazardous wastes, anaerobic microbiology, and modeling.}, number={LR}, journal={Water Environment Research}, author={Cheng, Jay}, year={2003}, pages={505–535} }
 @article{cheng_2003, title={Challenges of CAFO waste management}, volume={129}, DOI={10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(2003)129:5(391)}, abstractNote={JOUR to 5,000 and 2,000 mg/L, respectively!. Because of the large quantity and high contents of organic matter and nutrients, manure and wastewater from CAFOs have caused growing environmental concerns. The animal wastes have the potential to contribute pollutants such as nutrients, organic matter, pathogens, heavy metals, hormones, antibiotics, and ammonia to the environment. These pollutants can cause potential contamination to surface and groundwaters and negative impact to air quality if they are not properly managed. Currently, anaerobic-lagoon/sprayfield irrigation is the most widely used system for animal-waste management in the United States. In such a system, animal manure and wastewater are treated and temporarily stored in an anaerobic lagoon where organic matter is degraded, and the effluent and sludge of the lagoon are irrigated onto a cropland for nutrient utilization. Environmental concerns about the current waste management system include odor and ammonia emissions from the open lagoon and sprayfield, methane emission from the open lagoon, and accidental lagoon spills due to severe weather conditions. Finding solutions for these concerns can be quite challenging, understanding that effective solutions need to balance cost with environmental performance and operational ability of the farm enterprises. There have been considerable regulatory efforts to ameliorate the impacts of animal waste on air and water quality in the last two decades. A common characteristic of these efforts is the adaptation of the technologies widely used in the treatment of municipal and industrial wastewaters. However, the cost of many of these technologies ~e.g., aeration, typical nitrification/ denitrification process! is prohibitively too high for their application on animal-waste treatment. To minimize water quality and public health impacts from AFOs, the U.S. Department of Agriculture ~USDA! and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ~EPA! developed a unified national strategy for feed and manure management in AFOs in 1999 ~http://www.epa.gov/npdes/pubs/finafost.htm!. According to the strategy, all AFO owners and operators are expected to develop and implement technically sound and economically feasible sitespecific comprehensive nutrient management plans ~CNMPs! including feed management, manure handling and storage, and land application of manure. In December 2002, the EPA published ‘‘Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations ~CAFO! Final Rule’’ ~http: //cfpub1.epa.gov/npdes/afo/cafofinalrule.cfm?program_id 57! to regulate CAFO waste management. All CAFOs have a mandatory duty to apply for a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System ~NPDES! permit. NPDES permits under the authority of the Clean Water Act require CAFOs to develop CNMPs and to meet other conditions that minimize the threat to water quality and public health and otherwise ensure compliance with the requirements of the Clean Water Act. Only CAFOs that have successfully demonstrated no potential to discharge may avoid a permit. Considerable efforts have been made in the development of cost-effective, environmentally-friendly alternative technologies for CAFO waste management. A variety of anaerobic digesters Jiayang Cheng Associate Editor, Assistant Professor, Dept. of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695-7625. E-mail: jay_cheng@ncsu.edu}, number={5}, journal={Journal of Environmental Engineering (New York, N.Y.)}, author={Cheng, Jay}, year={2003}, pages={391–392} }
 @inproceedings{mota_hu_cheng_reyes f. l._2003, title={Detection of unusually high levels of nitrifying bacteria in reactors treating high nitrogen wastewater}, ISBN={1555812732}, booktitle={American Society for Microbiology 103rd General Meeting, May 18-22, 2003, Washington, D.C}, author={Mota, C. R. and Hu, Z. and Cheng, J. and Reyes F. L.}, year={2003} }
 @article{chaiprapat_cheng_classen_ducoste_liehr_2003, title={Modeling Nitrogen Transport in Duckweed Pond for Secondary Treatment of Swine Wastewater}, volume={129}, ISSN={0733-9372 1943-7870}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(2003)129:8(731)}, DOI={10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(2003)129:8(731)}, abstractNote={A mathematical model was developed to describe nitrogen transport in duckweed-covered static ponds for nutrient recovery from swine lagoon water. A finite difference technique was used to solve the partial differential equations describing the ammonia transport and concentration in the pond. The key parameters in the model include the diffusion coefficient of ammonium in the medium (D) and kinetic constant of nitrogen uptake by duckweed (k). Using one order of magnitude parameter variations, the simulations showed that the model was clearly much more sensitive to D than to k, indicating the process of nitrogen removal in a static pond by duckweed is diffusion limited. Laboratory testing was conducted with Spirodela punctata 7776, a duckweed strain, to calibrate the model. The calibration of the model with experimental data yielded a new ammonium transport coefficient (T) that is 85 times of D value. Model results showed good agreement with depth-wise experimental ammonium concentration and the model also ...}, number={8}, journal={Journal of Environmental Engineering}, publisher={American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)}, author={Chaiprapat, Sumate and Cheng, Jiayang and Classen, John J. and Ducoste, Joel J. and Liehr, Sarah K.}, year={2003}, month={Aug}, pages={731–739} }
 @inproceedings{hu_mota_reyes f. l._cheng_2003, title={Optimization of nitrogen removal from anaerobically-pretreated swine wastewater in intermittent aeration tanks}, volume={9}, ISBN={1892769328}, booktitle={Animal, Agricultural and Food Processing Wastes IX : proceedings of the Ninth International Symposium, 12-15 October, 2003, Raleigh, North Carolina}, author={Hu, Z. and Mota, C. R., III and Reyes F. L. and Cheng, J.}, year={2003} }
 @inproceedings{mota_hu_cheng_reyes f. l._2003, title={Population dynamics of nitrifying bacteria in intermittently-aerated reactors treating high nitrogen wastewater}, booktitle={WEFTEC.03 : Conference Program & Exhibitor Guide : 76th Annual Technial Exhibition and Conference : the water quality event : Los Angeles, October 11-15, 2003, Los Angeles Convention Center}, author={Mota, C. R. and Hu, Z. and Cheng, J. and Reyes F. L.}, year={2003} }
 @inproceedings{cheng_liehr_lyerly_2003, title={Swine wastewater treatment in an integrated system of anaerobic digestion and duckweed nutrient removal}, DOI={10.13031/2013.13893}, abstractNote={Organics destruction and nutrient uptake in an integrated pilot system of anaerobic digestion and 
duckweed nutrient removal for swine wastewater treatment were monitored under field conditions. Raw swine 
wastewater of 100 gallons/day was first treated in a 1,000-gallon anaerobic digester with floating ballast rings. 
Organic compounds in the wastewater were digested to produce biogas. Many nutrients including nitrogen and 
phosphorus remain in the effluent of the anaerobic digester. Duckweed (Lemna gibba 8678) was grown in 
three 1,000-gallon tanks to recover nutrients from the anaerobic effluent. The duckweed was periodically 
harvested and can be used as animal, poultry, and fish feed. This research provides an initial understanding of 
the attached-growth anaerobic digester and the characteristics exhibited by Lemna gibba in the treatment of 
swine wastewater under conditions similar to those found in North Carolina. Both the anaerobic digester and 
the duckweed tanks were run as completely mixed systems. The performance of the system was monitored by measuring chemical oxygen demand (COD), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus 
(TP), ortho-phosphate-phosphorus, and pH in the influent and effluent of each treatment unit.}, booktitle={ASAE annual International Meeting 2003, Las Vegas : The Riviera Hotel, July 27-30, 2003}, author={Cheng, Jay and Liehr, S. and Lyerly, C.}, year={2003} }
 @inproceedings{shearin_cheng_peet_willits_2003, title={Utilization of nutrients in anaerobically-pretreated swine wastewater for greenhouse tomato production}, ISBN={1892769328}, DOI={10.13031/2013.15240}, abstractNote={Swine waste treatment in North Carolina typically consists of an anaerobic lagoon and sprayfieldupon which crops are grown to utilize the nutrients. Currently, swine lagoon effluent must beapplied at agronomic rates to satisfy the crops nitrogen (N) needs. The majority of landapplication occurs in the summer months, when the weather is typically hot and dry. Agreenhouse tomato production system has been tested for more efficient utilization of nutrients inanaerobically-pretreated swine wastewater. Two 2,600-m2 greenhouses were constructed on a4,000-sow farm located in Johnston County, North Carolina. The swine wastewater was firsttreated in an Ambient Temperature Anaerobic Digester (ATAnD) and the effluent stored in astorage pond. Before being applied to 14,000 tomato plants in the greenhouses, the effluent wastreated in a nitrification biofilter to convert the ammonium (NH4+) into nitrate (NO3-) becausetomato plants prefer the latter as the nitrogen nutrient for their growth. Preliminary data indicatedthat the tomato greenhouses have used approximately 12 m3 of the effluent per day. Based on anaverage inorganic N (NH4+ plus NO3-) concentration of 123 mg/l in the biofilter effluent, thegreenhouses have utilized approximately 1.48 kg N/day. At the same time, the greenhousesproduced a daily yield of 711 kg of marketable fruit, sold at a gross price of $2.20/kg. Thepreliminary findings have shown that the utilization of nutrients in swine wastewater forgreenhouse tomato production is a viable alternative to the traditional system. In addition to thehigh daily N utilization rate, the fruit yields are comparable to conventional greenhouseproduction. Also, the utilization of the treated wastewater during the winter months decreases thepossibility of lagoon overflows and/or spills.}, booktitle={Animal, Agricultural and Food Processing Wastes IX : proceedings of the Ninth International Symposium, 12-15 October, 2003, Raleigh, North Carolina}, author={Shearin, T. E. and Cheng, Jay and Peet, M. M. and Willits, D. H.}, year={2003} }
 @inproceedings{cheng_shearin_peet_willits_2003, title={Utilization of treated swine wastewater for greenhouse tomato production}, volume={4}, ISBN={1843394839}, booktitle={Wastewater reclamation and reuse IV : selected proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse, held at Mexico City, 12-14 November 2003}, author={Cheng, J. and Shearin, T. E. and Peet, M. M. and Willits, D. H.}, year={2003} }
 @inproceedings{harlow_peet_ponce_cheng_willits_casteel_2003, title={Utilizing a greenhouse tomato crop to recover bio-resources from swine waste}, booktitle={Proceedings of the ASHS centennial conference (Providence, Rhode Island)}, author={Harlow, C. and Peet, M. M. and Ponce, A. K. and Cheng, J. and Willits, D. H. and Casteel, M.}, year={2003} }
 @inproceedings{willits_marbis_cheng_peet_shearin_2003, title={Waste heat utilization in a greenhouse used for the removal of nutrients from a swine waste stream}, volume={034043}, booktitle={ASAE annual International Meeting 2003, Las Vegas : The Riviera Hotel, July 27-30, 2003}, author={Willits, D. H. and Marbis, J. M. and Cheng, J. and Peet, M. M. and Shearin, T.}, year={2003} }
 @inproceedings{sun_cheng_2002, title={Dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment of agricultural residues for ethanol production}, volume={2}, booktitle={ASAE annual International Meeting/CIGR World Congress : July 28-31, 2002, Chicago, Illinois : engineering for a sustainable world}, author={Sun, Y. and Cheng, J.}, year={2002}, pages={6198} }
 @inproceedings{sun_adney_bergmann_cheng_decker_freer_himmel_nishimura_skory_stomp_et al._2002, title={Expression of endoglucanase E1 in transgenic duckweed Lemna minor}, ISBN={1588293874}, booktitle={Biotechnology for fuels and chemicals : proceedings of the Twenty-Fourth Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals, held April 28-May 1, 2002, in Gatlinburg, TN}, author={Sun, Y. and Adney, W. S. and Bergmann, B. A. and Cheng, J. and Decker, S. R. and Freer, S. and Himmel, M. E. and Nishimura, Y. and Skory, C. D. and Stomp, A.-M and et al.}, year={2002} }
 @misc{sun_cheng_2002, title={Hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials for ethanol production: a review}, volume={83}, ISSN={["1873-2976"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0960-8524(01)00212-7}, abstractNote={Lignocellulosic biomass can be utilized to produce ethanol, a promising alternative energy source for the limited crude oil. There are mainly two processes involved in the conversion: hydrolysis of cellulose in the lignocellulosic biomass to produce reducing sugars, and fermentation of the sugars to ethanol. The cost of ethanol production from lignocellulosic materials is relatively high based on current technologies, and the main challenges are the low yield and high cost of the hydrolysis process. Considerable research efforts have been made to improve the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials. Pretreatment of lignocellulosic materials to remove lignin and hemicellulose can significantly enhance the hydrolysis of cellulose. Optimization of the cellulase enzymes and the enzyme loading can also improve the hydrolysis. Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation effectively removes glucose, which is an inhibitor to cellulase activity, thus increasing the yield and rate of cellulose hydrolysis.}, number={1}, journal={BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY}, author={Sun, Y and Cheng, JY}, year={2002}, month={May}, pages={1–11} }
 @article{cheng_bergmann_classen_stomp_howard_2002, title={Nutrient recovery from swine lagoon water by Spirodela punctata}, volume={81}, ISSN={["0960-8524"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0960-8524(01)00098-0}, abstractNote={Spirodela punctata 7776, the best duckweed strain in total protein production selected from in vitro screening experiments with synthetic swine lagoon water medium was examined for N and P recovery. It has shown a capability to grow in and to remove N and P from synthetic swine lagoon water with high N (240 mg NH4 N/l) and P (31.0 mg PO4 P/l) levels. A lag period of approximately 96 h was observed before the duckweed started to grow. During the lag period, utilization of N and P by the duckweed was very slow. The rates of N and P uptake, and duckweed growth increased with the increase of the initial N and P concentrations in the medium. The highest rates of N and P uptakes, and duckweed growth observed in this study were 0.955. 0.129 mg/l-h, and 1.33 g/m2-h (or 31.92 g/m2-day), respectively. The N:P ratio in swine lagoon water is adequate for growing the duckweed.}, number={1}, journal={BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY}, author={Cheng, JY and Bergmann, BA and Classen, JJ and Stomp, AM and Howard, JW}, year={2002}, month={Jan}, pages={81–85} }
 @article{cheng_landesman_bergmann_classen_howard_yamamoto_2002, title={Nutrient removal from swine lagoon liquid by Lemna minor 8627}, volume={45}, DOI={10.13031/2013.9953}, abstractNote={Nitrogen and phosphorus removal from swine lagoon liquid by growing Lemna minor 8627, a promising duckweed 
identified in previous studies, was investigated under in vitro and field conditions. The rates of nitrogen and phosphorus 
uptake by the duckweed growing in the in vitro system were as high as 3.36 g m–2 day–1 and 0.20 g m–2 day–1, respectively. 
The highest nitrogen and phosphorus removal rates in the field duckweed system were 2.11 g m–2 day–1 and 0.59 g m–2 day–1, 
respectively. The highest observed duckweed growth rate was close to 29 g m–2 day–1 in both conditions. 
Wastewater concentrations and seasonal climate conditions had direct impacts on the duckweed growth and nutrient 
removal in outdoor tanks. The rate of duckweed production in diluted swine lagoon liquid increased as the dilution rate 
increased. Duckweed assimilation was the dominant mechanism for nitrogen and phosphorus removal from the swine lagoon 
liquid when the nutrient concentration in the wastewater was low, but became less important as nutrient concentration 
increased. Reasonably high light intensity and a longer period of warm temperature could result in a higher growth rate for 
the duckweed. Pre–acclimation of the duckweed with swine lagoon liquid could accelerate the start–up of a duckweed system 
to remove nutrients from the wastewater by preventing the lag phase of duckweed growth.}, number={4}, journal={Transactions of the ASAE}, author={Cheng, Jay and Landesman, L. and Bergmann, Ben and Classen, John and Howard, J. W. and Yamamoto, Y. T.}, year={2002}, pages={1003–1010} }
 @inproceedings{ponce_peet_cheng_harlow_willits_2002, title={Preliminary assessment of swine waste bioremediation using greenhouse tomatoes}, booktitle={XXVIth International Horticultural Congress & Exhibition (IHC 2002) : horticulture : art & science for life : Metro Toronto Convention Centre, August 11-17, 2002}, author={Ponce, K. H. and Peet, M. M. and Cheng, J. and Harlow, C. and Willits, D. H.}, year={2002} }
 @inproceedings{chaiprapat_cheng_classen_liehr_2002, title={Role of internal nutrient storage in duckweed for secondary swine wastewater treatment}, volume={2}, booktitle={Paper, 2002 ASAE annual international meeting/CIGR XVth world congress : Hyatt Regency Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 28 - July 31, 2002}, author={Chaiprapat, S. and Cheng, J. and Classen, J. J. and Liehr, S. K.}, year={2002}, pages={4130} }
 @article{cheng_liu_2002, title={Swine wastewater treatment in anaerobic digesters with floating medium}, volume={45}, DOI={10.13031/2013.8842}, abstractNote={A 20–L attached–growth anaerobic system with floating plastic Ballast rings as a medium has been studied for 
swine wastewater [chemical oxygen demand (COD) = 1,925 to 2,033 mg/L; total suspended solids (TSS) = 1,051 to 1,184 
mg/L] treatment at the mesophilic temperature of 35 
³ 
C. The plastic Ballast rings had a specific surface area of 108 m 2 /m 3 
and a density of 0.98 g/cm 3 and filled the upper half of the anaerobic digesters. The porosity of the filled portion of the digesters 
was 0.86. Performance of the anaerobic digesters was evaluated for organics decomposition and methane production with 
two different hydraulic retention times (HRTs): 10 days and 5 days. When HRT was 10 days in the anaerobic digesters, removal 
of COD, total organic carbon (TOC), TSS, and volatile suspended solids (VSS) was 65%, 55%, 69%, and 70%, respectively. 
Methane yield was 0.23 m 3 CH4 per kg COD removed. As the HRT was reduced to 5 days, the removal of COD, TOC, TSS, 
and VSS decreased to 55%, 48%, 57%, and 60%, respectively. Methane yield was 0.24 m 3 CH4/kg CODrem. Higher HRT in 
the anaerobic digester resulted in higher organics degradation efficiency. However, higher rates of methane production and 
organics decomposition were obtained in the digester with lower HRT.}, number={3}, journal={Transactions of the ASAE}, author={Cheng, Jay and Liu, B.}, year={2002}, pages={799–805} }
 @inproceedings{fleming_johnson_cheng_2002, title={Validation of a three dimensional covered lagoon simulation}, booktitle={Animal Residuals 2002: Agricultural Animal Manure Management, Policy and Technology (Washington, DC)}, author={Fleming, J. G. and Johnson, R. R. and Cheng, J.}, year={2002} }
 @inproceedings{peet_ponce_willits_cheng_2001, title={Bioremediation of swine waste using greenhouse tomatoes: a systems approach}, booktitle={98th Conference of the American Society for Horticultural Science}, author={Peet, M. M. and Ponce, K. and Willits, D. H. and Cheng, J.}, year={2001} }
 @inproceedings{smith_cheng_classen_2001, title={Duckweed harvesting and mat control}, volume={1}, DOI={10.13031/2013.4128}, abstractNote={The release of excessive amounts of nutrients into the environment by North 
Carolina’s hog industry has become a major concern in the state. Research is being done on 
the use of duckweed, a floating aquatic plant, in the removal of nutrients from anaerobically 
treated swine wastewater. The plant must be harvested in order to remove the accumulated 
nutrients and to obtain the plant biomass, which may be useful as a protein source. This paper 
describes work towards the design of a system that harvests the plant by skimming it from the 
surface of the wastewater. Specifically, a system was constructed in a concrete tank to test the 
skimming concept. Two qualitative experiments took place: one involved the harvesting of the 
plant under ideal conditions for skimming in which the mat was thin and no clumping of the 
plants had occurred, and the other under very unfavorable conditions in which the plants had 
formed into clumps. It was found that a standard funnel skimmed very effectively under ideal 
conditions, requiring very small amounts of water. The same funnel was much less effective 
when conditions were unfavorable. The experiments showed that skimming could work very 
well in a controlled environment, yet not in a typical agricultural environment. Adjustments must 
be made that can allow the system to work well in all cases.}, booktitle={ASAE 94th annual international meeting : 2001, an engineering odyssey : July 29-August 1, 2001, Sacramento, California}, author={Smith, R. A. and Cheng, Jay and Classen, John}, year={2001}, pages={2277} }
 @inproceedings{cheng_peet_willits_pace_2001, title={Integrated farming for sustainable agriculture.}, booktitle={Proceedings of the International Conference for Agricultural Science and Technology (Beijing, China)}, author={Cheng, J. and Peet, M. M. and Willits, D. H. and Pace, J.}, year={2001} }
 @inproceedings{chaiprapat_cheng_classen_liehr_2001, title={Modeling nitrogen transfer in duckweed covered pond for secondary treatment of swine wastewater}, ISBN={0966977017}, booktitle={Proceedings of the International Symposium Addressing Animal Production and Environmental Issues}, author={Chaiprapat, S. and Cheng, J. and Classen, J. J. and Liehr, S. K.}, year={2001} }
 @article{cheng_liu_2001, title={Nitrification/denitrification in intermittent aeration process for swine wastewater treatment}, volume={127}, DOI={10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(2001)127:8(705)}, abstractNote={A continuous-flow intermittent aeration (IA) process has been studied for nitrogen removal from anaerobically digested swine wastewater with high ammonium content. High nitrogen removal efficiency of average 91% total Kjeldahl nitrogen and 92% NH4-N was achieved in an IA system with an alteration of 1-h aeration and 1-h nonaeration. Nitrification and denitrification were found to be responsible for the nitrogen removal in the system. Nitrite and nitrate in the effluent were less than 1.0 mg/L and 8.0 mg/L, respectively. The specific nitrification and denitrification rates of the single-sludge IA culture were determined through batch experiments as 2.79–3.70 mgNO3-N/g volatile suspended solids-h and 0.59–1.03 mgNO3-N/g volatile suspended solids-h, respectively. In the IA process, the aeration period created favorable conditions for nitrifying bacteria (dissolved oxygen = 4–6 mg/L and oxidation-reduction potential = 80–100 mV), while the nonaeration period provided good environment for denitrifying bacteria...}, number={8}, journal={Journal of Environmental Engineering (New York, N.Y.)}, author={Cheng, Jay and Liu, B.}, year={2001}, pages={705–711} }
 @inproceedings{cheng_pace_peet_willits_shearin_2001, title={Using a greenhouse tomato crop to recover the nutrients from swine wastewater}, ISBN={0966977017}, booktitle={Proceedings of the International Symposium Addressing Animal Production and Environmental Issues}, author={Cheng, J. and Pace, J. and Peet, M. M. and Willits, D. H. and Shearin, T.}, year={2001} }
 @inproceedings{cheng j._j._k. d._j. c._k. f._saele_2000, title={Evaluation of alternative swine waste treatment systems in comparison with traditional lagoon system}, ISBN={1892769115}, booktitle={Animal, agricultural and food processing wastes : proceedings of the eighth international symposium : October 9-11, 2000 : Des Moines, Iowa}, publisher={St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers}, author={Cheng J., Pace and J., Zering and K. D., Barker and J. C., Roos and K. F. and Saele, L. M.}, year={2000}, pages={679} }
 @article{bergmann_cheng_classen_stomp_2000, title={In vitro selection of duckweed geographical isolates for potential use in swine lagoon effluent renovation}, volume={73}, ISSN={["1873-2976"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0960-8524(99)00137-6}, abstractNote={Plant-based systems for nutrient sequestration into valuable biomass have the potential to help avoid the environmental problems associated with the disposal of large volumes of animal waste. The objective of this study was to select superior duckweed (Lemnaceae) genotypes for the utilization of nutrients in animal wastes. A two-step protocol was used to select promising duckweed geographic isolates to be grown on swine lagoon effluent. Forty-one geographic isolates from the worldwide germplasm collection were used in an in vitro screening test, because they were noted to be fast-growing genotypes during routine collection maintenance. In vitro screening was accomplished by growing geographic isolates on a synthetic medium that approximated swine lagoon effluent in terms of nutrient profile, total ionic strength, pH, and buffering capacity. Large differences among geographic isolates were observed for wet weight gain during the 11-day growing period, percent dry weight, and percent protein in dry biomass. Total protein production per culture jar differed 28-fold between the most disparate of the 41 geographic isolates and was the variable used for selection of superior geographic isolates. The challenge of eight of the 41 geographic isolates with full-strength swine lagoon effluent in the greenhouse led to the selection of three that are promising as genotypes to be grown on lagoon effluent.}, number={1}, journal={BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY}, author={Bergmann, BA and Cheng, J and Classen, J and Stomp, AM}, year={2000}, month={May}, pages={13–20} }
 @inproceedings{classen_cheng_bergmann_stomp_2000, title={Lemna gibba growth and nutrient uptake in response to different nutrient levels}, ISBN={1892769115}, booktitle={Animal, agricultural, and food processing wastes : proceedings of the Eighth International Symposium, October 9-11, 2000, Des Moines, Iowa}, author={Classen, J. J. and Cheng, J. and Bergmann, B. A. and Stomp, A. M.}, year={2000} }
 @inproceedings{liu_cheng_2000, title={Nitrification and denitrification in an intermittent aeration for nitrogen removal from swine waste water}, booktitle={Proceedings WEFTEC 2000 : Water Environment Federation 73rd Annual Conference & Exposition on Water Quality and Wastewater Treatment : Anaheim Convention Center, Anaheim, California, USA ; conference: October 14-18, 2000}, author={Liu, B. and Cheng, J.}, year={2000} }
 @article{cheng_stomp_classen_barker_bergmann_2000, title={Nutrient removal from swine lagoon effluent by duckweed}, volume={43}, DOI={10.13031/2013.2701}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT. Three duckweed geographic isolates were grown on varying concentrations of swine lagoon effluent in a 
greenhouse to determine their ability to remove nutrients from the effluent. Duckweed biomass was harvested every other 
day over a 12-day period. Duckweed biomass production, nutrient loss from the swine lagoon effluent, and nutrient 
content of duckweed biomass were used to identify effluent concentrations/geographic isolate combinations that are 
effective in terms of nutrient utilization from swine lagoon effluent and production of healthy duckweed biomass. When 
Lemna minor geographic isolate 8627 was grown on 50% swine lagoon effluent, respective losses of TKN, NH 3 -N, TP, 
OPO 4 -P, TOC, K, Cu, and Zn were 83, 100, 49, 31, 68, 21, 28, and 67%.}, number={2}, journal={Transactions of the ASAE}, author={Cheng, Jay and Stomp, A-M and Classen, John and Barker, J. C. and Bergmann, Ben}, year={2000}, pages={263–269} }
 @inproceedings{cheng_bergmann_classen_stomp_howard_2000, title={Nutrient removal from swine wastewater by duckweed - Spirodela punctata}, volume={1}, ISBN={1900222681}, booktitle={Industrial wastewater and envrironmental contaminants : proceedings of the 1st World Water Congress of the International Water Association, held in Paris, France, 3-7 July 2000}, author={Cheng, J. and Bergmann, B. A. and Classen, J. J. and Stomp, A. M. and Howard, J. W.}, year={2000} }
 @inproceedings{cheng_roos_saele_1999, title={Covered anaerobic lagoon system for swine waste treatment and energy recovery}, volume={994048}, booktitle={1999 ASAE/CSAE-SCGR annual international meeting : emerging technologies for the 21st century ; Toronto, Ontario, Canada, July 18-21, 1999}, author={Cheng, J. and Roos, K. F. and Saele, L. M.}, year={1999} }
 @article{boufadel_reeser_suidan_wrenn_cheng_du_huang_venosa_1999, title={Optimal nitrate concentration for the biodegradation of n-heptadecane in a variably-saturated sand column}, volume={20}, ISSN={["0959-3330"]}, DOI={10.1080/09593332008616808}, abstractNote={Bioremediation of oil spills on beaches commonly involves the addition of nutrients (especially nitrogen and phosphorus) to stimulate the growth of indigenous oil-degrading bacteria. Very little information is available regarding the relationship between nutrient concentration and the rate of oil biodegradation. This information is necessary to design an appropriate nutrient delivery technology. We used continuous-flow beach microcosms containing heptadecane-coated sand (2.0 g per kg of dry sand) to evaluate the effect of nitrate concentration on the hydrocarbon biodegradation rate. Heptadecane biodegradation was determined by monitoring oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production in the microcosms. The maximum biodegradation occurred at 2.5 mg nitrate-N l−1. Nitrogen recycling by the biomass was evidenced by the presence of microbial activity at zero influent nitrate concentration.}, number={2}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY}, author={Boufadel, MC and Reeser, P and Suidan, MT and Wrenn, BA and Cheng, J and Du, X and Huang, THL and Venosa, AD}, year={1999}, month={Feb}, pages={191–199} }
 @inproceedings{cheng_liu_1998, title={An integrated anaerobic/aerobic/anoxic process for energy recovery and nutrient removal from swine wastewater}, volume={984100}, booktitle={The 1998 ASAE annual international meeting : the imaginative world of engineering ... engineering solutions for tomorrow ; Orlando, Florida July 11-16, 1998}, author={Cheng, J. and Liu, B.}, year={1998} }
 @article{cheng_suidan_venosa_1998, title={Anaerobic biotransformation of 2,4-dinitrotoluene with ethanol, methanol, acetic acid and hydrogen as primary substrates}, volume={32}, ISSN={["0043-1354"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0043-1354(98)00089-X}, abstractNote={2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT) was anaerobically reduced to 2,4-diaminotoluene (DAT) with either ethanol, methanol, acetic acid or hydrogen as the primary substrate. Biochemical methane potential (BMP) tests in an anaerobic respirometer indicate that 2,4-DNT was reductively biotransformed to 2,4-DAT via 4-amino-2-nitrotoluene (4-A-2-NT) or 2-amino-4-nitrotoluene (2-A-4-NT) with either methanol, acetic acid or hydrogen as the primary substrate under anaerobic conditions as it was with ethanol as the primary substrate. However, the rate of 2,4-DNT biotransformation was much higher with ethanol as the primary substrate than that with either methanol or acetic acid as the primary substrate. Ethanol-enriched anaerobic culture was much better for the reductive biotransformation of 2,4-DNT than methanol- and acetate-enriched cultures when hydrogen was used as the primary substrate. Biotransformation of 2,4-DNT was not observed without any primary substrate. 2,4-DNT was not completely transformed to 2,4-DAT in the BMP tests unless enough ethanol was initially added to produce twice or more the hydrogen stoichiometrically needed for the reductive biotransformation. The addition of a high concentration of ethanol accelerated the reductive biotransformation of 2,4-DNT. The presence of 2,4-DNT, 4-A-2-NT and 2-A-4-NT inhibited the methanogeneses of methanol, acetate and hydrogen, as they did on the acetogenesis of ethanol.}, number={10}, journal={WATER RESEARCH}, author={Cheng, JY and Suidan, MT and Venosa, AD}, year={1998}, month={Oct}, pages={2921–2930} }
 @article{cheng_suidan_venosa_1997, title={Kinetics of anaerobic cometabolism of 2,4-dinitrotoluene with ethanol as the primary substrate}, volume={36}, ISSN={["1996-9732"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0273-1223(97)00532-5}, abstractNote={A kinetic model that describes the anaerobic cometabolism of 2,4-dinitrtoluene (DNT) with ethanol as the primary substrate has been developed based on experimental results. The kinetic parameters were estimated using the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. 2,4-DNT is anaerobically biotransformed to 2,4-diaminotoluene (DAT) via 4-amino-2-nitrotoluene (4-A-2-NT) and 2-amino-4-nitrotoluene (2-A-4-NT) by the bacteria whose growth is supported by utilizing ethanol. 2,4-DNT shows inhibition to its own biotransformation. It also exhibits a very strong competitive inhibition to further biotransformation of 4-A-2-NT and 2-A-4-NT. All the aromatics in the system, 2,4-DNT, 4-A-2-NT, 2-A-4-NT, and 2,4-DAT, inhibit the conversion of ethanol. Hydrogen produced from the acetogenesis of ethanol is utilized for the transformation of the nitroaromatics. The utilization of hydrogen and acetate by methanogenic bacteria is very strongly inhibited by the presence of the nitroaromatics. Acetate exhibits strong competitive inhibition to the biodegradation of propionate.}, number={6-7}, journal={WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}, author={Cheng, JY and Suidan, MT and Venosa, AD}, year={1997}, pages={271–278} }
 @article{cheng_suidan_venosa_1996, title={Abiotic reduction of 2,4-dinitrotoluene in the presence of sulfide minerals under anoxic conditions}, volume={34}, ISSN={["0273-1223"]}, DOI={10.2166/wst.1996.0235}, abstractNote={Abiotic reduction of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT) in the presence of sulfide minerals has been investigated under anoxic conditions at 35°C. 2,4-DNT was abiotically reduced to 4-amino-2-nitrotoluene (4-A-2-NT) and 2-amino-4-nitrotoluene (2-A-4-NT) in the presence of high concentration of sulfide (0.84 mM). No abiotic reduction of 2,4-DNT was observed in the presence of low sulfide concentration (0.42 mM). The rate and the extent of the abiotic reduction of 2,4-DNT were increased with an increase in sulfide concentration. Sulfide served as an electron donor for the reduction of 2,4-DNT. The 2-nitro group was preferentially reduced, making the 2-A-4-NT:4-A-2-NT ratio in the final products 2:1. The addition of iron, nickel, and cobalt minerals significantly enhanced the abiotic reduction. The FeS, NiS, and CoS solids formed in the serum bottles catalyzed the reduction of 2,4-DNT preferentially to 4-A-2-NT. MnS and CuS solids also catalyzed the reduction of 2,4-DNT to 4-A-2-NT, but did not change the overall reduction of 2,4-DNT. However, the presence of calcium, zinc, and magnesium minerals impeded 2,4-DNT reduction. The calcium, zinc, and magnesium ions have a high affinity to sulfide, inactivating sulfide as an electron donor for the chemical reduction of 2,4-DNT.}, number={10}, journal={WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}, author={Cheng, JY and Suidan, MT and Venosa, AD}, year={1996}, pages={25–33} }
 @article{cheng_kanjo_suidan_venosa_1996, title={Anaerobic biotransformation of 2,4-dinitrotoluene with ethanol as primary substrate: Mutual effect of the substrates on their biotransformation}, volume={30}, ISSN={["0043-1354"]}, DOI={10.1016/0043-1354(95)00169-7}, abstractNote={The effect of the initial concentration of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT) on its biotransformation and on the microbial utilization of ethanol was investigated. The culture used in this study was acclimated in a continuous flow laboratory fermentor with 2,4-DNT and ethanol as substrates under strict anaerobic conditions at 35°C. Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP) tests were conducted in an anaerobic respirometer, and the acclimated culture from the fermentor served as the inoculum. 2,4-DNT was completely transformed to 2,4-diaminotoluene (DAT) under anaerobic conditions. Two intermediates, 2-amino-4-nitrotoluene (2-A-4-NT) and 4-amino-2-nitrotoluene (4-A-2-NT), were found during the biotransformation. 2,4-DNT inhibited its own biotransformation as well as the acetogenesis of ethanol. The extent of the inhibition increased with the increase of the initial concentration of 2,4-DNT. Propionate was formed during the fermentation of ethanol without 2,4-DNT or with low initial concentrations of 2,4-DNT. Higher initial concentrations of 2,4-DNT caused a decrease in the extent of formation of propionate with acetate production being favored.}, number={2}, journal={WATER RESEARCH}, author={Cheng, JY and Kanjo, Y and Suidan, MT and Venosa, AD}, year={1996}, month={Feb}, pages={307–314} }
 @inproceedings{cheng_suidan_venosa_1995, title={Anaerobic biotransformation of 2,4-dinitrotoluene with different primary substrates}, volume={1}, ISBN={1572780258}, booktitle={Proceedings, WEFTEC '95 : 68th Annual Conference & Exposition, Miami Beach, Florida.}, author={Cheng, J. and Suidan, M. T. and Venosa, A. D.}, year={1995} }
 @inproceedings{cheng_suidan_venosa_1995, title={Effect of primary substrate on the reduction of 2,4-dinitrotoluene}, booktitle={E.P.A. Symposium on Bioremediation of Hazardous Wastes (Rye Brook, New York)}, author={Cheng, J. and Suidan, M. T. and Venosa, A. D.}, year={1995}, pages={94–97} }
 @inproceedings{cheng_suidan_venosa_1994, title={Anaerobic biotransformation of 2,4-dinitrotoluene: the impact of sulfide in batch test}, volume={1}, ISBN={1881369684}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 67th Annual Conference & Exposition, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A., October 15-19, 1994.}, author={Cheng, J. and Suidan, M. T. and Venosa, A. D.}, year={1994}, pages={287–296} }
 @inproceedings{cheng_suidan_venosa_1994, title={Kinetics of anaerobic biodegradation of munitions wastes}, booktitle={E.P.A. Symposium on Bioremediation of Hazardous Wastes (San Francisco, California)}, author={Cheng, J. and Suidan, M. T. and Venosa, A. D.}, year={1994}, pages={218–222} }
 @inproceedings{cheng_suidan_kanjo_venosa_1994, title={Kinetics of co-metabolic biotransformation of 2,4-dinitrotoluene and ethanol under anaerobic conditions}, volume={94}, booktitle={94th General Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology 1994 : May 23 - 27, 1994, Las Vegas, Nevada.}, author={Cheng, J. and Suidan, M. T. and Kanjo, Y. and Venosa, A. D.}, year={1994} }
 @inproceedings{cheng_kanjo_venosa_suidan_1993, title={Anaerobic biodegradation of 2,4-dinitrotoluene and its effect on the biotransformation of ethanol}, volume={93}, booktitle={93th General Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology (Atlanta, Georgia)}, author={Cheng, J. and Kanjo, Y. and Venosa, A. D. and Suidan, M. T.}, year={1993} }
 @inproceedings{cheng_suidan_venosa_1993, title={Co-metabolic biodegradation of 2,4-dinitrotoluene using ethanol as a primary substrate}, booktitle={E.P.A. Symposium on Bioremediation of Hazardous Wastes (Dallas, Texas)}, author={Cheng, J. and Suidan, M. T. and Venosa, A. D.}, year={1993}, pages={145–148} }
 @inproceedings{cheng_1988, title={Preparation of wort with unmalted cereals and enzymes (Chinese)}, volume={1}, booktitle={1st Conference of the Jiangxi Biotechnology Association (Nanchang, China)}, author={Cheng, J.}, year={1988}, pages={123–127} }
 @article{zhang_cheng_1985, title={Studies on wall effect in packed towers [in Chinese]}, volume={7}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Jiangsu Polytechnic University = Jiangsu Gong Ye Xue Yuan Xue Bao}, author={Zhang, J. and Cheng, J.}, year={1985}, pages={18–24} }