@article{bruhn_wunsch_osburn_rudolph_stedmon_2023, title={Lignin phenol quantification from machine learning-assisted decomposition of liquid chromatography-absorbance spectroscopy data}, volume={6}, ISSN={["1541-5856"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1002/lom3.10561}, DOI={10.1002/lom3.10561}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY-METHODS}, author={Bruhn, Anders Dalhoff and Wunsch, Urban and Osburn, Christopher L. and Rudolph, Jacob C. and Stedmon, Colin A.}, year={2023}, month={Jun} }
 @article{paerl_hall_hounshell_rossignol_barnard_luettich jr_rudolph_osburn_bales_harding jr_2023, title={Recent increases of rainfall and flooding from tropical cyclones (TCs) in North Carolina (USA): implications for organic matter and nutrient cycling in coastal watersheds}, volume={164}, ISSN={["1573-515X"]}, DOI={10.1007/s10533-021-00770-2}, abstractNote={Coastal North Carolina experienced 36 tropical cyclones (TCs), including three floods of historical significance in the past two decades (Hurricanes Floyd-1999, Matthew-2016 and Florence-2018). These events caused catastrophic flooding and major alterations of water quality, fisheries habitat and ecological conditions of the Albemarle-Pamlico Sound (APS), the second largest estuarine complex in the United States. Continuous rainfall records for coastal NC since 1898 reveal a period of unprecedented high precipitation storm events since the late-1990s. Six of seven of the “wettest” storm events in this > 120-year record occurred in the past two decades, identifying a period of elevated precipitation and flooding associated with recent TCs. We examined storm-related freshwater discharge, carbon (C) and nutrient, i.e., nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) loadings, and evaluated contributions to total annual inputs in the Neuse River Estuary (NRE), a major sub-estuary of the APS. These contributions were highly significant, accounting for > 50% of annual loads depending on antecedent conditions and storm-related flooding. Depending on the magnitude of freshwater discharge, the NRE either acted as a “processor” to partially assimilate and metabolize the loads or acted as a “pipeline” to transport the loads to the APS and coastal Atlantic Ocean. Under base-flow, terrestrial sources dominate riverine carbon. During storm events these carbon sources are enhanced through the inundation and release of carbon from wetlands. These findings show that event-scale discharge plays an important and, at times, predominant role in C, N and P loadings. We appear to have entered a new climatic regime characterized by more frequent extreme precipitation events, with major ramifications for hydrology, cycling of C, N and P, water quality and habitat conditions in estuarine and coastal waters.}, number={1}, journal={BIOGEOCHEMISTRY}, author={Paerl, Hans W. and Hall, Nathan S. and Hounshell, Alexandria G. and Rossignol, Karen L. and Barnard, Malcolm A. and Luettich Jr, Richard A. and Rudolph, Jacob C. and Osburn, Christopher L. and Bales, Jerad and Harding Jr, Lawrence W.}, year={2023}, month={May}, pages={257–276} }
 @article{paerl_hall_hounshell_rossignol_barnard_luettich_rudolph_osburn_bales_harding_2020, title={Recent increases of rainfall and flooding from tropical cyclones (TCs) in North Carolina (USA): implications for organic matter and nutrient cycling in coastal watersheds}, volume={150}, ISSN={["1573-515X"]}, DOI={10.1007/s10533-020-00693-4}, abstractNote={Coastal North Carolina experienced 36 tropical cyclones (TCs), including three floods of historical significance in the past two decades (Hurricanes Floyd-1999, Matthew-2016 and Florence-2018). These events caused catastrophic flooding and major alterations of water quality, fisheries habitat and ecological conditions of the Albemarle-Pamlico Sound (APS), the second largest estuarine complex in the United States. Continuous rainfall records for coastal NC since 1898 reveal a period of unprecedented high precipitation storm events since the late-1990s. Six of seven of the "wettest" storm events in this > 120-year record occurred in the past two decades, identifying a period of elevated precipitation and flooding associated with recent TCs. We examined storm-related freshwater discharge, carbon (C) and nutrient, i.e., nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) loadings, and evaluated contributions to total annual inputs in the Neuse River Estuary (NRE), a major sub-estuary of the APS. These contributions were highly significant, accounting for > 50% of annual loads depending on antecedent conditions and storm-related flooding. Depending on the magnitude of freshwater discharge, the NRE either acted as a "processor" to partially assimilate and metabolize the loads or acted as a "pipeline" to transport the loads to the APS and coastal Atlantic Ocean. Under base-flow, terrestrial sources dominate riverine carbon. During storm events these carbon sources are enhanced through the inundation and release of carbon from wetlands. These findings show that event-scale discharge plays an important and, at times, predominant role in C, N and P loadings. We appear to have entered a new climatic regime characterized by more frequent extreme precipitation events, with major ramifications for hydrology, cycling of C, N and P, water quality and habitat conditions in estuarine and coastal waters.}, number={2}, journal={BIOGEOCHEMISTRY}, author={Paerl, Hans W. and Hall, Nathan S. and Hounshell, Alexandria G. and Rossignol, Karen L. and Barnard, Malcolm A. and Luettich, Richard A., Jr. and Rudolph, Jacob C. and Osburn, Christopher L. and Bales, Jerad and Harding, Lawrence W., Jr.}, year={2020}, month={Sep}, pages={197–216} }
 @article{rudolph_arendt_hounshell_paerl_osburn_2020, title={Use of Geospatial, Hydrologic, and Geochemical Modeling to Determine the Influence of Wetland-Derived Organic Matter in Coastal Waters in Response to Extreme Weather Events}, volume={7}, ISSN={["2296-7745"]}, DOI={10.3389/fmars.2020.00018}, abstractNote={Flooding from extreme weather events (EWE), such as hurricanes, exports large amounts of dissolved organic matter (DOM) to both estuaries and coastal waters globally. Hydrologic connectivity of wetlands to adjacent river channels during flood events can potentially have a major control on the DOM exported to coastal waters after EWEs. In this study, a geographic information system based flood model was used to: (1) determine the volume of flooded wetlands in a river corridor following Hurricane Matthew in 2016; (2) compute the resulting volume fluxes of DOM to the Neuse River Estuary-Pamlico Sound (NRE-PS), in eastern North Carolina and (3) use the flood model to quantify the wetland contribution to DOM export. The flood model-derived contributions were validated with a Bayesian Monte Carlo mixing model combining measurements of DOM quality: specific UV Absorbance at 254 nm (SUVA254), spectral slope ratio (SR), and stable isotope ratios of dissolved organic carbon (δ13C-DOC). Results indicated that (1) hydrologic connectivity of the freshwater riparian wetlands caused the wetlands to become the primary source of organic matter (OM) that was exported into the NRE-PS after Matthew and (2) this source lingered in these coastal waters in the months after the storm. Thus, in consideration of the pulse-shunt concept, EWE such as Hurricane Matthew cause pulses of DOM from wetlands, which were the primary source of the OM shunted from the terrestrial environment to the estuary and sound. Wetlands constituted ca. 48% of the annual loading of DOC into the NRE and 16% of DOC loading into the PS over a period of 30 days after Hurricane Matthew. Results were consistent with prior studies in this system, and other coastal ecosystems, that attributed a high reactivity of DOM as the underlying reason for large CO2 releases following EWE. Adapting the pulse-shunt concept to estuaries requires the addition of a “processing” step to account for the DOM to CO2 dynamics, thus a new pulse-shunt process is proposed to incorporate coastal waters. Our results suggest that with increasing frequency and intensity of EWE, strengthening of the lateral transfer of DOM from land to ocean will occur and has the potential to greatly impact coastal carbon cycling.}, journal={FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE}, author={Rudolph, Jacob C. and Arendt, Carli A. and Hounshell, Alexandria G. and Paerl, Hans W. and Osburn, Christopher L.}, year={2020}, month={Feb} }
 @article{hounshell_rudolph_van dam_hall_osburn_paerl_2019, title={Extreme weather events modulate processing and export of dissolved organic carbon in the Neuse River Estuary, NC}, volume={219}, ISSN={["1096-0015"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2019.01.020}, DOI={10.1016/j.ecss.2019.01.020}, abstractNote={As the interface between riverine and coastal systems, estuaries play a key role in receiving, transporting, and processing terrestrial organic carbon prior to export to downstream coastal systems. Estuaries can switch from terrestrial organic carbon reactors under low river flow to pipelines under high flow, but it remains unclear how estuarine terrestrial organic carbon processing responds to the full spectrum of discharge conditions, which are bracketed by these high and low discharge events. The amount of terrestrial dissolved organic carbon and colored dissolved organic matter imported, processed, and exported was assessed for riverine discharge events spanning from the 4th to 99th flow quantiles in the Neuse River Estuary, North Carolina, USA using spatially and temporally (July 2015–December 2016) resolved measurements. The extent of dissolved organic matter processing in the estuary under various flow conditions was estimated using a non-steady state box model to calculate estuary-wide terrestrial dissolved organic carbon and colored dissolved organic matter source & sink terms. Under mid-range riverine discharge conditions (4th to 89th flow quantiles), the Neuse River Estuary was a sink for terrestrial dissolved organic carbon, retaining and/or processing (i.e., flocculation; photochemical and microbial degradation) on average ∼29% of terrestrial dissolved organic carbon. Following floods due to extreme precipitation events (99th flow quantile), however, over 99% of the terrestrial dissolved organic carbon loaded from the riverine end-member was exported directly to the downstream coastal system. Following such extreme weather events, the estuary acts as a pipeline for direct export of terrestrial dissolved organic carbon, drastically altering the amount and quality of dissolved organic carbon loaded to downstream coastal systems. This has important implications under future climate scenarios, where extreme weather events are expected to increase.}, journal={ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Hounshell, Alexandria G. and Rudolph, Jacob C. and Van Dam, Bryce R. and Hall, Nathan S. and Osburn, Christopher L. and Paerl, Hans W.}, year={2019}, month={Apr}, pages={189–200} }
 @article{hounshell_rudolph_van dam_hall_osburn_paerl_2019, title={Extreme weather events modulate processing and export of dissolved organic carbon in the Neuse River Estuary, NC (vol 219, pg 189, 2019)}, volume={227}, ISBN={1096-0015}, DOI={10.1016/j.ecss.2019.106328}, journal={ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE}, author={Hounshell, Alexandria G. and Rudolph, Jacob C. and Van Dam, Bryce R. and Hall, Nathan S. and Osburn, Christopher L. and Paerl, Hans W.}, year={2019} }
 @article{osburn_rudolph_paerl_hounshell_van dam_2019, title={Lingering Carbon Cycle Effects of Hurricane Matthew in North Carolina's Coastal Waters}, volume={46}, ISSN={0094-8276 1944-8007}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2019GL082014}, DOI={10.1029/2019GL082014}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={5}, journal={Geophysical Research Letters}, publisher={American Geophysical Union (AGU)}, author={Osburn, Christopher L. and Rudolph, Jacob C. and Paerl, Hans W. and Hounshell, Alexandria G. and Van Dam, Bryce R.}, year={2019}, month={Mar}, pages={2654–2661} }