@article{kang_king_mclaughlin_wiseman_2014, title={Flocculated sediment and runoff quality improvement by polyacrylamide}, volume={57}, DOI={10.13031/trans.57.10532}, abstractNote={<abstract> <bold><sc>Abstract.</sc></bold> Increasing regulations on construction site runoff requires improved sediment and erosion control practices, including the application of polyacrylamide (PAM) to enhance turbidity reduction. We evaluated water quality improvement and particle size distribution of suspended sediments affected by various types of passive PAM dosing under simulated stormwater flows. Three straw wattles were installed in a 7% sloped channel, and six different treatments were tested individually: (1) wattle with no jute netting and no PAM, (2) solid block PAM (BPAM) after the wattle + no jute netting, (3) granular PAM (GPAM) on wattles + no jute netting, (4) wattle + jute netting with no PAM, (5) wattle + jute netting where GPAM was applied to the wattle, and (6) wattle + jute netting where GPAM was applied to the jute netting. For each treatment, three repeated turbid stormwater flows were run in the channel, and water samples were collected from the entrance (influent) and exit (effluent) of the channel. There was no turbidity reduction with wattles and/or jute netting unless PAM was introduced to the channel system. The use of GPAM reduced effluent turbidity by 58% to 67% relative to influent, with the best treatment being GPAM on jute netting. The addition of jute netting to the GPAM + wattle treatment did not improve sediment reduction but did reduce turbidity. Applying GPAM to jute netting shifted the mean particle size from 24 to 211 μm and the 10th percentile from 1.6 to 66 μm, indicating the greatly increased particle size distribution of the flocculated sediment. This study emphasizes that the passive treatment of stormwater runoff using GPAM is a very effective method of flocculating sediments in turbid water.}, number={3}, journal={Transactions of the ASABE}, author={Kang, J. and King, S. E. and McLaughlin, R. A. and Wiseman, J. D.}, year={2014}, pages={861–867} }
 @article{wiseman_burchell_grabow_osmond_messer_2014, title={GROUNDWATER NITRATE CONCENTRATION REDUCTIONS IN A RIPARIAN BUFFER ENROLLED IN THE NC CONSERVATION RESERVE ENHANCEMENT PROGRAM}, volume={50}, ISSN={["1752-1688"]}, DOI={10.1111/jawr.12209}, abstractNote={AbstractRiparian buffers have been used for many years as a best management practice to decrease the effects of nonpoint pollution from watersheds. The NC Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program (NC CREP) has established buffers to treat groundwater nitrate‐nitrogen (NO3−‐N) from agricultural sources in multiple river basins. A maturing 46 m wide riparian buffer enrolled in NC CREP was studied to determine its effectiveness in reducing groundwater NO3−‐N concentrations from a cattle pasture fertilized with poultry litter. Three monitoring blocks that included groundwater quality wells, water table wells, and soil redox probes, were established in the buffer. NO3−‐N concentrations decreased significantly across the buffer in all of the monitoring blocks with mean reductions of 76‐92%. Many biological processes, including denitrification and plant uptake, may have been responsible for the observed NO3−‐N reductions but could not be differentiated in this study. However, mean reductions in Cl− concentrations ranged from 48‐65% through the blocks, which indicated that dilution was an important factor in observed NO3−‐N reductions. These findings should be carefully considered for future buffer enrollments when assigning nitrogen removal credits.}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION}, author={Wiseman, Jacob D. and Burchell, Michael R. and Grabow, Garry L. and Osmond, Deanna L. and Messer, T. L.}, year={2014}, month={Jun}, pages={653–664} }