@article{elsensohn_burrack_2023, title={Plasticity in oviposition and foraging behavior in the invasive pest Drosophila suzukii across natural and agricultural landscapes}, volume={13}, ISSN={["2045-7758"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.9713}, DOI={10.1002/ece3.9713}, abstractNote={Abstract The effects and extent of the impacts of agricultural insect pests in and around cropping systems is a rich field of study. However, little research exists on the presence and consequence of pest insects in undisturbed landscapes distant from crop hosts. Research in such areas may yield novel or key insights on pest behavior or ecology that is not evident from agroecosystem‐based studies. Using the invasive fruit pest Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) as a case study, we investigated the presence and resource use patterns of this agricultural pest in wild blackberries growing within the southern Appalachian Mountain range of North Carolina over 2 years. We found D. suzukii throughout the sampled range with higher levels of infestation (D. suzukii eggs/g fruit) in all ripeness stages in natural areas when compared with cultivated blackberry samples, but especially in under‐ripe fruit. We also explored a direct comparison of oviposition preference between wild and cultivated fruit and found higher oviposition in wild berries when equal weights of fruit were offered, but oviposition was higher in cultivated berries when fruit number was equal. Forest populations laid more eggs in unripe wild‐grown blackberries throughout the year than populations infesting cultivated berries. This suggests D. suzukii may change its oviposition and foraging behavior in relation to fruit type. Additionally, as D. suzukii exploits a common forest fruit prior to ripeness, further research is needed to explore how this affects wild food web dynamics and spillover to regional agroecosystems.}, number={1}, journal={ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION}, author={Elsensohn, Johanna E. E. and Burrack, Hannah J. J.}, year={2023}, month={Jan} }
 @article{kokotovich_barnhill-dilling_elsensohn_li_delborne_burrack_2022, title={Stakeholder engagement to inform the risk assessment and governance of gene drive technology to manage spotted-wing drosophila}, volume={307}, ISSN={["1095-8630"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114480}, DOI={10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114480}, abstractNote={Emerging biotechnologies, such as gene drive technology, are increasingly being proposed to manage a variety of pests and invasive species. As one method of genetic biocontrol, gene drive technology is currently being developed to manage the invasive agricultural pest spotted-wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii, SWD). While there have been calls for stakeholder engagement on gene drive technology, there has been a lack of empirical work, especially concerning stakeholder engagement to inform risk assessment. To help address this gap and inform future risk assessments and governance decisions for SWD gene drive technology, we conducted a survey of 184 SWD stakeholders to explore how they define and prioritize potential benefits and potential adverse effects from proposed SWD gene drive technology. We found that stakeholders considered the most important potential benefits of SWD gene drive technology to be: 1) Decrease in the quantity or toxicity of pesticides used, and 2) Decrease in SWD populations. Stakeholders were most concerned about the potential adverse effects of: 1) Decrease in beneficial insects, 2) Increase in non-SWD secondary pest infestations, and 3) Decrease in grower profits. Notably, we found that even stakeholders who expressed support for the use of SWD gene drive technology expressed concerns about potential adverse effects from the technology, emphasizing the need to move past simplistic, dichotomous views of what it means to support or oppose a technology. These findings suggest that instead of focusing on the binary question of whether stakeholders support or oppose SWD gene drive technology, it is more important to identify and assess the factors that are consequential to stakeholder decision making - including, for example, exploring whether and under what conditions key potential adverse effects and potential benefits would result from the use of SWD gene drive technology.}, journal={JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Kokotovich, Adam E. and Barnhill-Dilling, S. Kathleen and Elsensohn, Johanna E. and Li, Richard and Delborne, Jason A. and Burrack, Hannah}, year={2022}, month={Apr} }
 @article{elsensohn_schal_burrack_2021, title={Plasticity in Oviposition Site Selection Behavior in Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Relation to Adult Density and Host Distribution and Quality}, volume={114}, ISSN={["1938-291X"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/toab108}, DOI={10.1093/jee/toab108}, abstractNote={Abstract Flexibility in oviposition site selection under temporally shifting environmental conditions is an important trait that allows many polyphagous insects to flourish. Population density has been shown to affect egg-laying and offspring fitness throughout the animal kingdom. The effects of population density in insects have been suggested to be mutualistic at low densities, whereas intraspecific competition is exhibited at high densities. Here, we explore the effects of adult crowding and spatial resource variation on oviposition rate in the invasive pest Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura). In a series of laboratory experiments, we varied the density of adult males and females while holding oviposition substrate availability constant and measured per female oviposition rate using high and low-quality substrates. We found that oviposition behavior was affected more by substrate than adult density, though both variables had significant effects. When we varied the spatial arrangement of whole raspberries, we observed differences in oviposition rate and egg distribution between the grouped and solitary female treatments. Our results suggest that social interactions encourage oviposition, especially when exposed to unfamiliar or unnatural substrates. These results highlight the compensating effect of increased oviposition rate per female as adult populations decline. They will help researchers and crop managers better understand in-field population dynamics throughout the season as population densities change.}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Elsensohn, Johanna E. and Schal, Coby and Burrack, Hannah J.}, editor={Papadopoulos, NikolaosEditor}, year={2021}, month={Aug}, pages={1517–1522} }
 @article{elsensohn_aly_schal_burrack_2021, title={Social signals mediate oviposition site selection in Drosophila suzukii}, volume={11}, ISSN={["2045-2322"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-83354-2}, DOI={10.1038/s41598-021-83354-2}, abstractNote={Abstract The information that female insects perceive and use during oviposition site selection is complex and varies by species and ecological niche. Even in relatively unexploited niches, females interact directly and indirectly with conspecifics at oviposition sites. These interactions can take the form of host marking and re-assessment of prior oviposition sites during the decision-making process. Considerable research has focused on the niche breadth and host preference of the polyphagous invasive pest Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae), but little information exists on how conspecific signals modulate oviposition behavior. We investigated three layers of social information that female D. suzukii may use in oviposition site selection—(1) pre-existing egg density, (2) pre-existing larval occupation, and (3) host marking by adults. We found that the presence of larvae and host marking, but not egg density, influenced oviposition behavior and that the two factors interacted over time. Adult marking appeared to deter oviposition only in the presence of an unmarked substrate. These results are the first behavioral evidence for a host marking pheromone in a species of Drosophila . These findings may also help elucidate D. suzukii infestation and preference patterns within crop fields and natural areas.}, number={1}, journal={SCIENTIFIC REPORTS}, author={Elsensohn, Johanna E. and Aly, Marwa F. K. and Schal, Coby and Burrack, Hannah J.}, year={2021}, month={Feb} }
 @article{kokotovich_delborne_elsensohn_burrack_2020, title={Emerging Technologies for Invasive Insects: The Role of Engagement}, volume={113}, ISSN={0013-8746 1938-2901}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aesa/saz064}, DOI={10.1093/aesa/saz064}, abstractNote={Abstract Emerging technologies have the potential to offer new applications for managing invasive insects. While scientific and technological advancements are vital to realizing this potential, the successful development and use of these applications will also largely depend on community and stakeholder engagement. To contribute to a relevant and rigorous envisioning of engagement for emerging technologies for invasive insects (ETII), we begin by reviewing key insights on engagement from three scholarly fields: invasive species management, responsible research and innovation, and ecological risk assessment. Across these fields we glean best practices for engagement for ETII: 1) pursue engagement across decision phases and sectors; 2) select context-appropriate participants and methods; and 3) recognize and navigate engagement-related tensions. We illustrate these best practices by describing an ongoing project that uses engagement to inform risk assessment and broader decision making on biotechnologies being developed to address the Spotted-wing Drosophila (Drosophila suzukii) invasive fruit fly. We describe completed and planned engagement activities designed to identify and prioritize potential adverse effects, benefits, management actions, and research actions of the proposed genetically engineered sterile male, gene drive, and RNAi biotechnologies. In the face of broadening calls for engagement on emerging technologies, this article provides theoretical and empirical insights that can guide future engagement for ETII.}, number={4}, journal={Annals of the Entomological Society of America}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Kokotovich, Adam E and Delborne, Jason A and Elsensohn, Johanna and Burrack, Hannah}, editor={Morisette, JeffreyEditor}, year={2020}, month={Mar}, pages={266–279} }
 @article{stockton_hesler_wallingford_leskey_mcdermott_elsensohn_riggs_pritts_loeb_2020, title={Factors affecting the implementation of exclusion netting to control Drosophila suzukii on primocane raspberry}, volume={135}, ISSN={["1873-6904"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.cropro.2020.105191}, abstractNote={Sustainable management of invasive arthropod pests requires insecticide-alternative, integrated strategies, such as protected culture. During 2016–2017, we studied the efficacy of exclusion netting at reducing infestation damage in fall-bearing raspberries caused by an invasive vinegar fly, Drosophila suzukii Matsumura. In an effort to manage outbreak infestation, we studied the efficacy of baited attracticidal spheres in netted and open plots. We also monitored the effects of netting on fruit marketability, abiotic conditions near the fruiting zone, and pollination effects due to exclusion. The results showed that while 80 g HDPE netting sufficiently deterred D. suzukii infestation early in the season, late-season infestation was often greater in netted zones compared to insecticide-treated open plots. The introduction of baited attracticidal spheres under the netting did not consistently reduce infestation, and in some cases even increased infestation late in the season, likely due to the presence of the olfactory bait. During both test years, fruit marketability was greater in netted plots compared with open plots, and in open plots, we observed more overripe fruit and additional feeding damage caused by other herbivores. However, the incidence of crumbly berry was higher in netted plots, indicating pollination deficits. Supplemental pollination appeared to reduce these effects. Although temperature did not differ significantly between netted and open plots, we also observed greater incidence of botrytis infection in netted plots containing attracticidal spheres, which was not present in netted plots alone. These data suggest that while exclusion netting may be a valuable tool for D. suzukii pest management, unless outbreak infestation under the netting and supplementation pollination are addressed, significant challenges may impede large scale implementation.}, journal={CROP PROTECTION}, author={Stockton, Dara G. and Hesler, Stephen P. and Wallingford, Anna K. and Leskey, Tracy C. and McDermott, Laura and Elsensohn, Johanna E. and Riggs, Dale Ila M. and Pritts, Marvin and Loeb, Gregory M.}, year={2020}, month={Sep} }
 @article{elsensohn_anderson_cryan_durham_gandhi_gordon_krell_pimsler_rivers_spafford_2019, title={From Research to Policy: Scientists Speaking for Science}, volume={112}, ISSN={["1938-2901"]}, DOI={10.1093/aesa/say057}, abstractNote={Abstract Much of the scientific research in the United States is conducted in the public interest and funded through tax dollars, with exact funding allocations controlled through a variety of high-level processes, including through legislation. Scientists can provide expert opinions to government officials and their staff in this and other processes of establishing and enforcing governmental legislation, policies, and regulations, although such expertise is often underutilized. This is partly due to the paucity of scientists who have training to engage policymakers.To address this deficit, many scientific societies now provide organized training in science policy, including how to seek out opportunities to engage with policymakers. One such example is the Entomological Society of America's Science Policy Fellowship (ESA SPF) program. This article is written by ESA SPF members and discusses the importance of interfacing with policymakers, some challenges this group encountered, and lessons learned through our experiences in the program. Through efforts like this, we hope to inspire other scientists to engage their societies in advocacy work and make their voice heard.}, number={2}, journal={ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA}, author={Elsensohn, Johanna E. and Anderson, Thomas and Cryan, Jason R. and Durham, Timothy and Gandhi, Kamal J. K. and Gordon, Jennifer and Krell, Rayda K. and Pimsler, Meaghan L. and Rivers, Ariel and Spafford, Helen}, year={2019}, month={Mar}, pages={75–78} }
 @article{baltzegar_barnes_elsensohn_gutzmann_jones_king_sudweeks_2018, title={Anticipating complexity in the deployment of gene drive insects in agriculture}, volume={5}, ISSN={["2329-9037"]}, DOI={10.1080/23299460.2017.1407910}, abstractNote={Insects cause substantial losses to agricultural crops each year and require intensive management approaches. Genetic pest management has emerged as a viable, non-chemical alternative for managing insect pests. The development of engineered gene drives for agricultural use is promising, though unproven, and has the potential to impact farmers as well as broader socio-ecological systems in several ways. Drawing on lessons from the deployment of other pest control technologies, this paper considers how insects containing gene drives could intersect with some of the complexities that characterize agricultural systems. Gene drives are being developed in a landscape of pest management shaped by past and current approaches, experiences, regulations, public opinion, and pest invasions. Because gene drive insects may spread well beyond their release area, stakeholder groups at different spatial scales need to be engaged in decisions about their deployment. This new paradigm both complicates and offers great promise for future pest management efforts.}, journal={JOURNAL OF RESPONSIBLE INNOVATION}, author={Baltzegar, Jennifer and Barnes, Jessica Cavin and Elsensohn, Johanna E. and Gutzmann, Nicole and Jones, Michael S. and King, Sheron and Sudweeks, Jayce}, year={2018}, pages={S81–S97} }
 @article{elsensohn_loeb_2018, title={Non-crop host sampling yields insights into small-scale population dynamics of Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura)}, volume={9}, DOI={10.3390/insects9010005}, abstractNote={Invasive, polyphagous crop pests subsist on a number of crop and non-crop resources. While knowing the full range of host species is important, a seasonal investigation into the use of non-crop plants adjacent to cropping systems provide key insights into some of the factors determining local population dynamics. This study investigated the infestation of non-crop plants by the invasive Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura), a pest of numerous economically important stone and small fruit crops, by sampling fruit-producing non-crop hosts adjacent to commercial plantings weekly from June through November in central New York over a two-year period. We found D. suzukii infestation rates (number of flies emerged/kg fruit) peaked mid-August through early September, with Rubus allegheniensis Porter and Lonicera morrowii Asa Gray showing the highest average infestation in both years. Interannual infestation patterns were similar despite a lower number of adults caught in monitoring traps the second year, suggesting D. suzukii host use may be density independent.}, number={1}, journal={Insects}, author={Elsensohn, J. E. and Loeb, G. M.}, year={2018} }