@book{smallwood_2014, title={A guided tour of avian anatomy}, publisher={Raleigh, NC: Published by the author in cooperation with Millennium Print Group}, author={Smallwood, J. E.}, year={2014} }
 @article{sunico_hamel_styner_robertson_kornegay_bettini_parks_wilber_smallwood_thrall_2012, title={TWO ANATOMIC RESOURCES OF CANINE PELVIC LIMB MUSCLES BASED ON CT AND MRI}, volume={53}, ISSN={["1740-8261"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1740-8261.2012.01926.x}, abstractNote={Advances in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and three‐dimensional (3D) modeling software provide the tools necessary to create sophisticated, interactive anatomic resources that can assist in the interpretation of MR images of extremities, and learning the structure and function of limb musculature. Modeling provides advantages over dissection or consultation of print atlases because of the associated speed, flexibility, 3D nature, and elimination of superimposed arrows and labels. Our goals were to create a diagnostic atlas of pelvic limb muscles that will facilitate interpretation of MR images of patients with muscle injury and to create a 3D model of the canine pelvic limb musculature to facilitate anatomic learning. To create these resources, we used structural segmentation of MR images, a process that groups image pixels into anatomically meaningful regions. The Diagnostic Atlas is an interactive, multiplanar, web‐based MR atlas of the canine pelvic limb musculature that was created by manually segmenting clinically analogous MR sequences. Higher resolution volumetric MR and computed tomography (CT) data were segmented into separately labeled volumes of data and then transformed into a multilayered 3D computer model. The 3D Model serves as a resource for students of gross anatomy, encouraging integrative learning with its highly interactive and selective display capabilities. For clinicians, the 3D Model also serves to bridge the gap between topographic and tomographic anatomy, displaying both formats alongside, or even superimposed over each other. Both projects are hosted on an open‐access website, http://3dvetanatomy.ncsu.edu/}, number={3}, journal={VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND}, author={Sunico, Sarena K. and Hamel, Corentin and Styner, Martin and Robertson, Ian D. and Kornegay, Joe N. and Bettini, Chris and Parks, Jerry and Wilber, Kathy and Smallwood, J. Edgar and Thrall, Donald E.}, year={2012}, pages={266–272} }
 @book{smallwood_2010, title={A guided tour of veterinary anatomy}, ISBN={9780970216519}, publisher={Raleigh: Millenium Print Group}, author={Smallwood, J. E.}, year={2010} }
 @article{smallwood_2004, title={An anatomist's comments on learning and teaching}, volume={31}, ISSN={["0748-321X"]}, DOI={10.3138/jvme.31.1.79}, abstractNote={A Texas farm boy, who entered veterinary school in 1966 with the goal of becoming a “cow doctor” but instead has ended up teaching anatomy for more than 30 years, shares some of his personal philosophy and ideas about learning and teaching. The author claims no special expertise in teaching methodology, offers no “cutting-edge” techniques, and presents no particularly “novel” concepts on how to be a good teacher. He merely shares his personal, common-sense teaching philosophy, which is pretty much summarized in “Smallwood’s 12 or More Axioms of Learning and Teaching.” As a “parting shot,” the author comments briefly on teaching anatomy using the problem-based learning approach.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION}, author={Smallwood, JE}, year={2004}, pages={79–82} }
 @article{tomlinson_redding_berry_smallwood_2003, title={Computed tomographic anatomy of the equine tarsus}, volume={44}, ISSN={["1058-8183"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1740-8261.2003.tb01267.x}, abstractNote={The purpose of this study was to provide a detailed computed tomographic (CT) anatomic reference for the equine tarsus. CT exami‐nations of the tarsal regions from four cli‐nically and radiographically normal adult horses, which were euthanized for reasons not related to musculoskeletal disease, were included in the study. Limbs were removed at the level of midtibia, and 3‐mni contiguous transverse CT images were obtained, starting at a level proximal to the tuber calcanei and con‐tinuing distally into the proximal metatarsus. Soft tissue and bone windows were used to image different anatomic features, including bones, joints, and various soft tissue components of the tarsus. Each transverse slice was compared with bone models and dissected specimens to assist in the accurate identification of spe‐cific structures. The results of the study consist of nine CT images of the equine tarsus. Each image incorporates labeled soft tissue and bone‐window images, a directional compass indi‐cating cranial (Cr) or dorsal (D) and lateral (L), and a reconstructed scout image indicating the level through which the transverse slice was made.}, number={2}, journal={VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND}, author={Tomlinson, JE and Redding, WR and Berry, C and Smallwood, JE}, year={2003}, pages={174–178} }
 @article{smallwood_wood_taylor_tate_2002, title={Anatomic reference for computed tomography of the head of the foal}, volume={43}, ISSN={["1740-8261"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1740-8261.2002.tb01657.x}, abstractNote={The purpose of this study was to produce an anatomic reference for computed tomography (CT) of the head of the foal for use by radiologists, clinicians, and veterinary students. The head from each of 2 foals, euthanized for reasons unrelated to head pathology, was removed and prepared for CT scanning. Using a third‐generation CT scanner, 5‐mm contiguous transverse images were acquired. The heads were then frozen and sectioned using a band saw, with the cuts matched as closely as possible to the CT slices. The anatomic sections were photographed and radiographed. The radiographs and anatomic photographs were digitized and matched with the corresponding CT image. Each CT image was compared with its corresponding radiographic and anatomic section to assist in the accurate identification of specific structures. Clinically relevant structures were identified and labeled in corresponding images (CT, anatomic slice, and radiograph of slice). Only structures identified in the CT image were labeled in 1 of the other 2 images. Sagittal (reference) images of the horse's head were reconstructed from the transverse CT scans, and were used to indicate the level from which each of the transverse images was obtained. Corresponding labeled images were then formatted together with a legend for identification of specific anatomic structures.}, number={2}, journal={VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND}, author={Smallwood, JE and Wood, BC and Taylor, E and Tate, LP}, year={2002}, pages={99–117} }
 @article{gayle_macharg_smallwood_2001, title={Strangulating obstruction caused by intestinal herniation through the proximal aspect of the cecocolic fold in 9 horses}, volume={30}, ISSN={["0161-3499"]}, DOI={10.1053/jvet.2001.20342}, abstractNote={Objective—To report the clinical and surgical findings and outcome for horses with strangulating obstruction caused by herniation through the proximal aspect of the cecocolic fold.Study Design—Retrospective study.Animals—Nine horses.Methods—Medical records were reviewed for clinical signs, surgical findings and technique, and outcome. Cadaver ponies and necropsy specimens were also used to study the regional anatomy of the cecocolic fold.Results—The ileum and distal jejunum were strangulated in 8 horses, whereas in 1 horse the small intestine and the left ascending colons were incarcerated in a rent in the cecocolic fold. Two horses were euthanatized at surgery, 6 horses had a small intestinal resection (mean length, 3 m; range, 1.5–6.4 m) and an end‐to‐side jejunocecostomy, and the entrapment was reduced without resection in the horse that had small intestine and ascending colon incarceration; cecocolic fold defects were not closed. One horse was euthanatized 36 hours after surgery because of endotoxemia. Six horses were discharged; 4 were available for long‐term follow‐up, of which 2 were euthanatized, and 2 were euthanatized 12 and 18 months after surgery because of colic signs. Variations in thickness of the cecocolic fold were observed in specimens obtained from necropsy of other horses and ponies.Conclusions—Reasons for this defect are unknown, although observed anatomic differences in cecocolic fold thickness may contribute to the development of defects.Clinical Relevance—Reduction of the entrapped bowel is easiest when traction is placed on the bowel at a 90° to the base of the cecum. Intestinal incarceration through rents within the proximal part of the cecocolic fold should be considered as a differential diagnosis for strangulating obstruction in horses.}, number={1}, journal={VETERINARY SURGERY}, author={Gayle, JM and Macharg, MA and Smallwood, JE}, year={2001}, pages={40–43} }
 @article{smallwood_george_1993, title={ANATOMIC ATLAS FOR COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY IN THE MESATICEPHALIC DOG - CAUDAL ABDOMEN AND PELVIS}, volume={34}, ISSN={["1058-8183"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1740-8261.1993.tb01997.x}, abstractNote={The purpose of this study was to produce a comprehensive anatomic atlas of CT anatomy of the dog for use by veterinary radiologists, clinicians, and surgeons. Whole‐body CT images of two mature beagle dogs were made with the dogs supported in sternal recumbency and using a slice thickness of 13 mm. At the end of the CT session, each dog was euthanized, and while carefully maintaining the same position, the body was frozen. The body was then sectioned at 13‐mm intervals, with the cuts matched as closely as possible to the CT slices. The frozen sections were cleaned, photographed, and radiographed using xeroradiography. Each CT image was studied and compared with its corresponding xeroradiograph and anatomic section to assist in the accurate identification of specific structures. Clinically relevant anatomic structures were identified and labeled in the three corresponding photographs (CT image, xeroradiograph, and anatomic section). In previous papers, the head and neck, and the thorax and cranial abdomen of the mesaticephalic (beagle) dog were presented. In this paper, the caudal part of the abdomen and pelvis of the bitch and male dog are presented.}, number={3}, journal={VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND}, author={SMALLWOOD, JE and GEORGE, TF}, year={1993}, pages={143–167} }
 @article{smallwood_george_1993, title={ANATOMIC ATLAS FOR COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY IN THE MESATICEPHALIC DOG - THORAX AND CRANIAL ABDOMEN}, volume={34}, ISSN={["1058-8183"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1740-8261.1993.tb01510.x}, abstractNote={The purpose of this study was to produce a comprehensive anatomic atlas of CT anatomy of the dog for use by veterinary radiologists, clinicians, and surgeons. Whole‐body CT images of two mature beagle dogs were made with the dogs supported in sternal recumbency and using a slice thickness of 13 mm. At the end of the CT session, each dog was euthanized, and while carefully maintaining the same position, the body was placed in a walk‐in freezer until completely frozen. The body was then sectioned at 13‐mm intervals, with the cuts matched as closely as possible to the CT slices. The frozen sections were cleaned, photographed, and radiographed using xeroradiography. Each CT image was studied and compared with its corresponding xeroradiograph and anatomic section to assist in the accurate identification of specific structures. Clinically relevant anatomic structures were identified and labeled in the three corresponding photographs (CT image, xeroradiograph, and anatomic section). In a previous paper, the head and neck of the mesaticephalic (beagle) dog was presented. In this paper, the thorax and cranial part of the abdomen of the dog are presented.}, number={2}, journal={VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND}, author={SMALLWOOD, JE and GEORGE, TF}, year={1993}, pages={65–84} }
 @article{smallwood_kelly_1991, title={A XERORADIOGRAPHIC STUDY OF OSTEOCHONDROSIS IN THE METACARPOPHALANGEAL REGION OF 2 FOALS}, volume={32}, ISSN={["0196-3627"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1740-8261.1991.tb00078.x}, abstractNote={Using xeroradiographic techniques, both metacarpophalangeal regions of six quarter horse foals were radiographed at 1 day of age and at 2‐week intervals until they were 6 weeks old, and then at 4‐week intervals until they were 12 months old. Lateromedial and dorsopalmar xeroradiographs of each metacarpophalangeal region were made per examination; dorsomedial‐palmarolateral projections of the left metacarpophalangeal joint of foal 6 were also made. The foals were weighed and measured at the withers immediately prior to each examination. Representative xeroradiographs were selected to demonstrate progression of the osteochondrosis (OCH) lesions in two of these foals. Radiographic evidence of osteochondrosis in the metacarpophalangeal region was first detected at 10 weeks and followed through 12 months of age. In one foal the lesions were bilaterally symmetric and involved the dorsoproximal aspect of the sagittal ridge of metacarpal 3; in the other, the left medial proximal sesamoid bone was affected. One of the sagittal ridge lesions progressed to osteochondritis dissecans by 26 weeks; the other sagittal ridge lesion and that of the sesamoid bone healed spontaneously, but residual radiographic evidence of the disease persisted throughout the study in both foals.}, number={1}, journal={VETERINARY RADIOLOGY}, author={SMALLWOOD, JE and KELLY, EJ}, year={1991}, pages={26–34} }
 @article{smallwood_albright_metcalf_thrall_harrington_1990, title={A XERORADIOGRAPHIC STUDY OF THE DEVELOPING QUARTERHORSE FOREDIGIT AND METACARPOPHALANGEAL REGION FROM 6 TO 12 MONTHS OF AGE}, volume={31}, ISSN={["0196-3627"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1740-8261.1990.tb00796.x}, abstractNote={The purpose of the project was to provide a reference for radiographic anatomy of the developing equine foredigit and metacarpophalangeal region. Using xeroradiographic techniques, both foredigits and metacarpophalangeal regions of six Quarter Horse foals were radiographed at 1 day of age and then at 2‐week intervals until the foals were 6 weeks old. The foals were then radiographed at 4‐week intervals until they were 12 months old. The period from birth to 6 months has been described in a previous report. This paper deals with the period from 6 to 12 months of age. Lateromedial and dorsopalmar xeroradiographs of each foredigit and metacarpophalangeal region and a dorsal 65° proximal‐palmarodistal oblique view of the distal part of the digit were made at each examination. Foals were weighed and were measured at the withers immediately prior to each examination. Representative xeroradiographs were selected and appropriately labeled to demonstrate normal radiographic anatomy of these regions. Earliest radiographic visualization of distal epiphyseal ossification in metacarpal 2 and metacarpal 4 was extremely variable and ranged from 4 to 38 weeks. It was not possible to determine accurately the ages at which distal physes of the small metacarpal bones closed. In one foal, three of four of these physes were closed at 26 weeks, while in another foal, none had closed when last radiographed at 54 weeks. Radiographic closure of the proximal physis of the middle phalanx ranged from 18 to 30 weeks (mean = 26 weeks). Radiographic closure of the proximal physis of the proximal phalanx ranged from 22 to 38 weeks (mean = 30 weeks). Radiographic closure of the distal physis of metacarpal 3 ranged from 18 to 38 weeks (mean = 29 weeks).}, number={5}, journal={VETERINARY RADIOLOGY}, author={SMALLWOOD, JE and ALBRIGHT, SM and METCALF, MR and THRALL, DE and HARRINGTON, BD}, year={1990}, pages={254–259} }