@article{reckling_levine_nelson_mitasova_2023, title={Predicting residential septic system malfunctions for targeted drone inspections}, volume={30}, ISSN={["2352-9385"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsase.2023.100936}, DOI={10.1016/j.rsase.2023.100936}, abstractNote={Septic system malfunctions can cause untreated sewage to pond in yards or contaminate drinking water wells leading to environmental and health problems. While most malfunction detections rely on reports by individuals, machine learning and remote sensing can be used to identify potentially failing systems. We propose a methodology that combines a machine learning technique implemented in Maxent with unmanned aerial system (UAS) mapping to create a priority queue for inspection and detecting malfunctions apparent in the collected imagery. We demonstrate the approach in Wake County, North Carolina, a County with 73,347 septic systems located within drinking water supply watersheds. The predictive modeling identified 102 systems with a 99.9% probability of failure. Four properties from the queue were mapped by UAS and the acquired imagery was visually analyzed in the visible spectrum for signs of malfunction. Our results suggest that the proposed approach can assist in the early identification of failing systems minimizing the environmental impacts and saving resource time and funds.}, journal={REMOTE SENSING APPLICATIONS-SOCIETY AND ENVIRONMENT}, author={Reckling, William and Levine, Jay and Nelson, Stacy A. C. and Mitasova, Helena}, year={2023}, month={Apr} } @article{ahmmed_reynolds_levine_bozkurt_2021, title={An Accelerometer-based Sensing System to Study the Valve-gaping Behavior of Bivalves}, ISSN={2475-1472}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/LSENS.2021.3067506}, DOI={10.1109/LSENS.2021.3067506}, abstractNote={Bivalves are extremely sensitive to environmental conditions. The movement of their shells and the gap in-between the valves can serve as indicators of water pollutants entering surface water bodies. This letter proposes a novel sensing system to accurately calculate the valve-gaping angle in bivalves. The sensor unit is comprised of two inertial measurement units for each bivalve to estimate the angle between the two valves. Monitoring of multiple bivalves is possible with several water-insulated sensor units tethered with flexible cables to a central base station housing the processing unit. Miniaturization of the sensor packaging and flexibility of the wires ensured minimum hindrance to the animals’ natural behavior. The precision and accuracy of the angle measurement were tested with a benchtop servo motor setup simulating the gaping behavior. The standard deviation of measurements at a steady state was 0.78$^\circ$, and the average change in measurement during a 10$^\circ$ step was 9.98$^\circ$. Over 250 h of in vivo validation experiments demonstrated the consistency of the angle measurements using the presented method alongside a magnetic alternative, which had an average correlation coefficient of $-$0.89. The sensor system provides an accurate study of bivalve gaping behavior and facilitates the potential use of bivalves as environmental sentinels due to their valve-gaping being a biomarker for monitoring water pollution.}, journal={IEEE Sensors Letters}, publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)}, author={Ahmmed, Parvez and Reynolds, James and Levine, Jay F and Bozkurt, Alper}, year={2021}, pages={1–1} } @inbook{levine_law_van horin_2021, place={Hoboken, New Jersey}, edition={3rd}, title={Bivalves}, ISBN={9781119569435}, booktitle={Invertebrate Medicine}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Levine, J.F. and Law, M. and Van Horin, T.Bivalves}, editor={Lewbart, G.Editor}, year={2021} } @article{dhar_roche_levine_2021, title={Developing mitochondrial DNA field-compatible tests}, volume={52}, ISSN={1064-3389 1547-6537}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2021.1904709}, DOI={10.1080/10643389.2021.1904709}, abstractNote={Abstract Nucleic acid-based molecular detection of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been used for the detection of eukaryotic pathogens, genetic markers, and biomedical studies in humans and animals, forensic investigation, conservation biology, and environmental monitoring. Currently available molecular mtDNA testing is predominately dependent on relatively expensive laboratory equipment, which limits test applicability for on-site field testing. Recent technical advances in molecular testing of mtDNA using microfluidic chip technology and paper-based methods, and assays based on isothermal nucleic acid amplification show promise for field assay development. Microfluidic and paper-based components for mtDNA sample preparation and isothermal amplification establish the groundwork for targeted detection. The goal is on-site field detection mtDNA assays that combine sample processing, assay setup, and visual representation of the presence of mtDNA. This review examines advantages and disadvantages of alternative field-compatible tests for on-site detection of mtDNA. Despite challenges, developing an integrated “sample-through detection” field test platform is the future direction for mtDNA molecular detection in environmental samples. Graphical Abstract}, number={17}, journal={Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Dhar, Bidhan C. and Roche, Christina E. and Levine, Jay F.}, year={2021}, month={Apr}, pages={1–41} } @article{blessington_schenck_levine_2020, title={Frequency of Animal Leptospirosis in the Southern United States and the Implications for Human Health}, volume={113}, ISSN={1541-8243 0038-4348}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.14423/SMJ.0000000000001093}, DOI={10.14423/SMJ.0000000000001093}, abstractNote={A systematic review of animal leptospirosis, a global emerging bacterial zoonotic disease, was performed to advance the understanding of the pathogen’s presence, dynamics, and potential risks to human health in the southern United States. Seroprevalence and bacterial isolation data were identified in studies that span >100 years, and findings suggest that the pathogen is widely distributed across the southern United States and across animal species. The analysis found that disease frequency is affected by habitat, animal interactions, and changes in environmental conditions. Collaboration across public and animal health fields can inform surveillance, reduce transmission between animals and humans, and enhance prevention efforts. Abstract Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease with symptoms in humans and animals, ranging from subclinical to serious and fatal. The disease occurs worldwide, but there is limited recognition of the public and animal health risks it poses in the southern United States. A systematic review of the frequency of animal leptospirosis in 17 states and jurisdictions covering the southern continental United States was performed to advance our understanding of the pathogen’s distribution and identify transmission patterns that could be targeted for prevention efforts. Fifty-two articles, spanning >100 years, met the analysis criteria. A wide range of techniques were used to measure seroprevalence and isolate the bacteria. The assessment identified exposure to Leptospira spp and Leptospira spp infection among a diverse range of species, spanning 22 animal families within 14 states, suggesting that the pathogen is distributed throughout the southern region. Disease frequency trends were assessed among animals in various habitats (all habitats, nonwild habitats, and wild habitats). The frequency of Leptospira spp detection in animals in wild habitats increased slightly over time (<0.2%/year). We identified reports of 11 human leptospirosis illness clusters and outbreaks in the southern United States. Exposure to potentially contaminated surface waters were documented for at least seven of the events, and interactions with infected or likely infected animals were documented for at least six of the events. This analysis highlights the need for stronger partnerships across the public and animal health fields to enhance diagnostics, surveillance, and reporting. The early identification of leptospirosis in animals may serve as an indicator of environmental contamination and trigger prevention measures, such as vaccinating companion animals and livestock, use of potable water, and the wearing of waterproof protective clothing near water that may be contaminated.}, number={5}, journal={Southern Medical Journal}, publisher={Southern Medical Association}, author={Blessington, Tyann and Schenck, Anna P. and Levine, Jay F.}, year={2020}, month={May}, pages={240–249} } @article{fisher_levine_guy_mochizuki_breen_schal_watson_2019, title={Lack of influence by endosymbiont Wolbachia on virus titer in the common bed bug, Cimex lectularius}, volume={12}, ISSN={1756-3305}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-019-3694-2}, DOI={10.1186/s13071-019-3694-2}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={Parasites & Vectors}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Fisher, Michael L. and Levine, Jay F. and Guy, James S. and Mochizuki, Hiroyuki and Breen, Matthew and Schal, Coby and Watson, David W.}, year={2019}, month={Sep} } @article{hertler_ramirez-toro_levine_2019, title={Oyster Mariculture in Puerto Rico- A Preliminary Evaluation of Methods and Feasibility}, volume={50}, journal={World Aquaculture}, author={Hertler, H. and Ramirez-Toro, G. and Levine, J.F.}, year={2019}, pages={39–44} } @article{popp_cope_mcgregor_kwak_augspurger_levine_koch_2018, title={A Comparison of the chemical sensitivities between in vitro and in vivo propagated juvenile freshwater mussels: Implications for standard toxicity testing}, volume={37}, ISSN={0730-7268}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.4270}, DOI={10.1002/etc.4270}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={12}, journal={Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Popp, Anakela and Cope, W. Gregory and McGregor, Monte A. and Kwak, Thomas J. and Augspurger, Tom and Levine, Jay F. and Koch, Leroy}, year={2018}, month={Nov}, pages={3077–3085} } @book{price_eads_wardell_levine_2018, title={Fish Passage on the Broad River: An Assessment of Freshwater Mussel Distribution after Nine Years of Fish Passage Operation}, institution={Broad River Fisheries Mitigation Trust Fund}, author={Price, J. and Eads, C. and Wardell, J. and Levine, J.F.}, year={2018} } @book{levine_wegmann_mitasova_eads_2018, title={Freshwater Bivalve Survey}, institution={US Army Corps of Engineers/US Army Endangered Species Branch}, author={Levine, J.F. and Wegmann, K. and Mitasova, H. and Eads, C.}, year={2018} } @misc{walter_levine_2018, title={Improving Growth and Survival of In Vitro Propagated Mussels and In Vitro Propagation of the Dwarf Wedge Mussel}, author={Walter, M. and Levine, J.F.}, year={2018} } @book{levine_eads_2017, title={Facilities Enhancements for the CVM Freshwater Mussel Barn to Support the Propagation of Freshwater Mussels}, institution={US Fish and Wildlife Service}, author={Levine, J.F. and Eads, C.}, year={2017} } @inproceedings{popp_cope_mcgregor_koch_kwak_augspurger_levine_2017, title={Is Juvenile Mussel Chemical Sensitivity Influenced By Propagation Method? A Comparison of In Vitro and In Vivo Propagated Juveniles.}, author={Popp, A. and Cope, W.G. and McGregor, M. and Koch, L. and Kwak, T.J. and Augspurger, T. and Levine, J.F.}, year={2017} } @article{levine_apperson_levin_kelly_kakumanu_ponnusamy_sutton_salger_caldwell_szempruch_2017, title={Stable Transmission of Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Stricto on the Outer Banks of North Carolina}, volume={64}, ISSN={1863-1959}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zph.12302}, DOI={10.1111/zph.12302}, abstractNote={Summary}, number={5}, journal={Zoonoses and Public Health}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Levine, J. F. and Apperson, C. S. and Levin, M. and Kelly, T. R. and Kakumanu, M. L. and Ponnusamy, L. and Sutton, H. and Salger, S. A. and Caldwell, J. M. and Szempruch, A. J.}, year={2017}, month={Aug}, pages={337–354} } @book{eads_levine_2017, title={Tar River Spinymussel (Elliptio steinstansana) Research}, institution={NC Wildlife Resources Commission}, author={Eads, C. and Levine, J.F.}, year={2017} } @article{hurley-sanders_stoskopf_nelson_showers_law_gracz_levine_2016, title={Tissue Extraction Methods for Metabolic Profiling of a Freshwater Bivalve, Elliptio complanata (Lightfoot, 1786)}, volume={33}, ISSN={0740-2783 2162-2698}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.4003/006.033.0209}, DOI={10.4003/006.033.0209}, abstractNote={Abstract: Much is still unknown about why freshwater mussels (Unionidae) are particularly sensitive to environmental change. A better understanding of freshwater mussel metabolism is needed, and the field of environmental metabolomics holds the promise to inform these questions. A number of protocols exist for the extraction of metabolites for identification from animal tissues. As a first step in the application of environmental metabolomics to the study of freshwater mussels, we compared extraction protocols using an inorganic oxidizing acid (perchloric acid), an organic nitrile (acetonitrile), and a salt/water solution (Ringer's solution) to establish an uncomplicated, robust, repeatable and inexpensive tissue extraction protocol for freshwater mussel tissue. Perchloric acid resulted in notable extraction of energy-related nucleotides (AMP/ADP/ATP), yet had the lowest peak count of the three extraction methods and showed poor repeatability. Acetonitrile and Ringer's solution yielded metabolite extraction results similar to each other with Ringer's solution having the greatest number of peaks particularly in the 3.0–4.5 ppm sugar/amino acid range. Ringer's solution is simple to use, safe and consistent and bears consideration when selecting an extraction protocol for 1H nuclear magnetic resonance experiments.}, number={2}, journal={American Malacological Bulletin}, publisher={American Malacological Society}, author={Hurley-Sanders, Jennifer L. and Stoskopf, Michael K. and Nelson, Stacy A. C. and Showers, William and Law, J. Mac and Gracz, Hanna S. and Levine, Jay F.}, year={2016}, month={Jan}, pages={185–194} } @article{williams_scheftel_elchos_hopkins_levine_2015, title={Compendium of Veterinary Standard Precautions for Zoonotic Disease Prevention in Veterinary Personnel}, volume={247}, ISSN={["1943-569X"]}, DOI={10.2460/javma.247.11.1252}, abstractNote={Veterinary Infection Control Committee 2015 Preface ............................................................................................................................................................. 1254}, number={11}, journal={JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION}, author={Williams, Carl J. and Scheftel, Joni M. and Elchos, Brigid L. and Hopkins, Sharon G. and Levine, Jay F.}, year={2015}, month={Dec}, pages={1252–1277} } @article{eads_price_levine_2015, title={Fish Hosts of Four Freshwater Mussel Species in the Broad River, South Carolina}, volume={14}, ISSN={1528-7092 1938-5412}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1656/058.014.0120}, DOI={10.1656/058.014.0120}, abstractNote={Abstract Freshwater mussel distributions are heavily reliant upon the range and movement of host fishes and are subject to range restrictions when fish migration is blocked. The Columbia Dam on the Broad River in Columbia, SC, has been a barrier to the migration of anadromous species and other fish in the river since 1824. As a result, 5 freshwater mussel species are restricted to reaches of the river downstream of the dam. In 2006, a fish passage was created to facilitate fish movement between stream reaches above and below the dam. Fish hosts that use the passage could facilitate the recolonization of reaches above the dam by freshwater mussels. We conducted laboratory trials to determine the fish hosts of 4 of the species limited to reaches below the dam. The most suitable hosts for Lampsilis cariosa (Yellow Lampmussel) were Morone chrysops (White Bass), Morone saxatilis (Striped Bass), and Pomoxis nigromaculatus (Black Crappie), whereas Micropterus salmoides (Largemouth Bass) and Micropterus dolomieu (Smallmouth Bass) transformed fewer juvenile mussels. Lampsilis siliquoidea (Fatmucket) hosts were Largemouth Bass and Perca flavescens (Yellow Perch). Yellow Perch, Largemouth Bass, Lepomis macrochirus (Bluegill), and Lepomis gibossus (Pumpkinseed) were the best hosts for Ligumia nasuta (Eastern Pondmussel). We suspected that Elliptio roanokensis (Roanoke Slabshell) used anadromous fishes as hosts because its distribution is limited to mainstem rivers below the downstreammost dam. We confirmed that 2 Clupeidae, Dorosoma cepedianum (Gizzard Shad) and Alosa aestivalis (Blueback Herring), and 1 Moronidae, Morone americana (White Perch), are hosts for Roanoke Slabshell. Many of the host-fish species identified in this study are highly mobile, and we expect the range of these mussels to eventually expand upstream of the Columbia Dam as fish make use of the new passage.}, number={1}, journal={Southeastern Naturalist}, publisher={Humboldt Field Research Institute}, author={Eads, Chris B. and Price, Jennifer E. and Levine, Jay F.}, year={2015}, month={Jan}, pages={85–97} } @book{levine_salger_borst_law_eads_dykstra_osburn_gangloff_sumner_saul_2015, title={Investigation of Factors Contributing to the Decline in the Nutritional Health of Alasmidonta raveneliana in the Little Tennessee River, Franklin, NC}, institution={NCDOT}, author={Levine, J.F. and Salger, S. and Borst, L. and Law, M. and Eads, C. and Dykstra, C. and Osburn, C. and Gangloff, M. and Sumner, S. and Saul, B.}, year={2015} } @article{hurley-sanders_levine_nelson_law_showers_stoskopf_2015, title={Key metabolites in tissue extracts of Elliptio complanata identified using1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy}, volume={3}, ISSN={2051-1434}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/conphys/cov023}, DOI={10.1093/conphys/cov023}, abstractNote={We used 1H-NMR to describe the freshwater mussel metabolome. Muscle, digestive gland, mantle and gill tissues yielded profiles with possible biomarkers of physiologic function. These preliminary studies provide evidence for potential use of digestive gland and mantle tissue for studying physiological impacts of location, sex and reproductive condition on Elliptio complanata.}, number={1}, journal={Conservation Physiology}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Hurley-Sanders, Jennifer L. and Levine, Jay F. and Nelson, Stacy A. C. and Law, J. M. and Showers, William J. and Stoskopf, Michael K.}, year={2015}, pages={cov023} } @inproceedings{salger_dhungana_fraley_gangloff_law_sumner_levine_2015, title={Metabonomic study of the Appalachian Elktoe (Alasmidonta raveneliana) and Wavy-Rayed Lampmussel (Lampsilis fasciola) in the Little Tennessee and Tuckasegee Rivers}, author={Salger, S.A. and Dhungana, S. and Fraley, S. and Gangloff, M. and Law, M. and Sumner, S. and Levine, J.F.}, year={2015}, month={Mar} } @inproceedings{salger_levine_ellis_fraley_gangloff_law_borst_osburn_2015, title={Metagenomic profiles of water, sediment, and Appalachian Elktoe (Alasmidonta raveneliana) and Wavy-rayed Lampmussel (Lampsilis fasciola) gut contents in the Little Tennessee and Tuckasegee Rivers}, author={Salger, S.A. and Levine, J.F. and Ellis, C. and Fraley, S. and Gangloff, M. and Law, M. and Borst, L. and Osburn, C.}, year={2015}, month={Mar} } @misc{richards_eads_levine_2015, title={The Effects of the Presence of Fish in the Rearing of Juvenile Freshwater Mussels}, author={Richards, M. and Eads, C. and Levine, JF}, year={2015}, month={Apr} } @inproceedings{eads_hoch_nichols_pandolfo_levine_2015, title={Water Temperature and Reproduction in the Endangered Tar Spinymussel (Elliptio steinstansana)}, author={Eads, C.B. and Hoch, R.A. and Nichols, R.B. and Pandolfo, T. and Levine, J.F.}, year={2015}, month={Mar} } @book{eads_levine_chestnutt_heinz_westmoreland_bloodgood_smith-uhl_2014, title={Establishment of Captive Populations of Magnificent Ramshorn (Planorbella magnifica) and Greenfield Ramshorn (Helisoma eucosmium)}, institution={US Fish and Wildlife Service}, author={Eads, C.B. and Levine, J.F. and Chestnutt, R.K. and Heinz, J. and Westmoreland, L. and Bloodgood, J. and Smith-Uhl, R.}, year={2014} } @article{bucci_szempruch_caldwell_ellis_levine_2014, title={Seasonal Changes in Microbial Community Structure in Freshwater Stream Sediment in a North Carolina River Basin}, volume={6}, ISSN={1424-2818}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d6010018}, DOI={10.3390/d6010018}, abstractNote={This study examined seasonal differences in microbial community structure in the sediment of three streams in North Carolina’s Neuse River Basin. Microbes that reside in sediment are at the base of the food chain and have a profound influence on the health of freshwater stream environments. Terminal-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP), molecular fingerprint analysis of 16S rRNA genes was used to examine the diversity of bacterial species in stream sediment. Sediment was sampled in both wet and dry seasons from an agricultural (Bear), mixed urban (Crabtree) and forested (Marks) Creek, and the microbiota examined. Gamma, Alpha and Beta proteobacteria were prevalent species of microbial taxa represented among all sites. Actinobacteria was the next most prevalent species observed, with greater occurrence in dry compared to the wet season. Discernable clustering was observed of Marks and Bear Creek samples collected during the wetter period (September–April), which corresponded with a period of higher precipitation and cooler surface water temperatures. Although not statistically significant, microbial community structure appeared different between season (ANOSIM, R = 0.60; p < 0.10). Principal components analysis confirmed this pattern and showed that the bacterial groups were separated by wet and dry seasonal periods. These results suggest seasonal differences among the microbial community structure in sediment of freshwater streams and that these communities may respond to changes in precipitation during wetter periods.}, number={1}, journal={Diversity}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Bucci, John and Szempruch, Anthony and Caldwell, Jane and Ellis, Joseph and Levine, Jay}, year={2014}, month={Jan}, pages={18–32} } @article{bucci_szempruch_levine_2013, title={A Stable Isotope Tracer (δ13C) Study of Escherichia coli Retention in Two Freshwater Bivalves (Corbicula fluminea and Elliptio complanata) (Corbiculidae and Unionidae)}, volume={31}, ISSN={0740-2783 2162-2698}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.4003/006.031.0207}, DOI={10.4003/006.031.0207}, abstractNote={Abstract: Bacteria are ingested by suspension feeding bivalves and can be an important component of their diet. This study evaluated whether a common bacterium of vertebrate enteric origin, Escherichia coli (Migula, 1895), is retained in the stomach or gill by two different freshwater bivalve species, Corbicula fluminea (Müller, 1974) and Elliptio complanata (Lightfoot, 1786). A series of diet treatment experiments were conducted comparing each anatomical section using a &dgr;13C label and E. coli cells grown from stock cultures. A significant difference in &dgr;13C values was related to anatomic structure among all treatment groups during a 7-day feeding experiment (24 jars, df = 140; F = 4.88; P < 0.001). A key finding was that in gill tissue, a significant difference was observed among <&dgr;13C-labeled and unlabeled treatment combinations for both C. fluminea and E. complanata (F = 13.57; df = 31; P < 0.0001). The results suggest that water column E. coli are likely retained on gill tissue and to a lesser degree in the stomach in both E. complanata and C. fluminea. This study serves to validate the hypothesis that E. coli may be initially more abundant in gill tissue during sorting processes before being transferred to the stomach.}, number={2}, journal={American Malacological Bulletin}, publisher={American Malacological Society}, author={Bucci, J. P. and Szempruch, A. J. and Levine, J. F.}, year={2013}, month={Aug}, pages={281–288} } @inproceedings{eads_levine_2013, title={Evaluating floating cages in ponds as potential low-input, high yield method for culturing freshwater mussels}, author={Eads, C.B. and Levine, J.F.}, year={2013}, month={Mar} } @book{levine_eads_2013, title={Fish Host Identification, Culture, and Propagation of the Tar Spinymussel and Yellow Lance: Two Rare Endemic Mussels of the North Carolina Piedmont}, author={Levine, J.F. and Eads, C.}, year={2013} } @inproceedings{levine_nelson_law_showers_stoskopf_hurley-sanders_2013, title={Metabolic evidence of use of Bacillus subtilis as a food source in Elliptio complanata}, author={Levine, JF and Nelson, S and Law, M and Showers, W and Stoskopf, M and Hurley-Sanders, J}, year={2013}, month={Mar} } @article{rasipuram_wu_kuznetsov_kuznetsov_levine_jasper_saveliev_2013, title={Submicrometre particle filtration with a dc activated plasma textile}, volume={47}, ISSN={0022-3727 1361-6463}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/47/2/025201}, DOI={10.1088/0022-3727/47/2/025201}, abstractNote={Plasma textiles are novel fabrics incorporating the advantages of cold plasma and low-cost non-woven or woven textile fabrics. In plasma textiles, electrodes are integrated into the fabric, and a corona discharge is activated within and on the surface of the fabric by applying high voltages above 10 kV between the electrodes. When the plasma textile is activated, submicrometre particles approaching the textile are charged by the deposition of ions and electrons produced by the corona, and then collected by the textile material. A stable plasma discharge was experimentally verified on the surface of the textile that was locally smooth but not rigid. A filtration efficiency close to 100% was observed in experiments conducted on salt particles with diameters ranging from 50 to 300 nm. Unlike conventional fibrous filters, the plasma textile provided uniform filtration in this range, without exhibiting a maximum particle penetration size.}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics}, publisher={IOP Publishing}, author={Rasipuram, S C and Wu, M and Kuznetsov, I A and Kuznetsov, A V and Levine, J F and Jasper, W J and Saveliev, A V}, year={2013}, month={Dec}, pages={025201} } @inproceedings{fox_levine_2013, title={Use of probiotics for In Vitro propagated freshwater mussels}, author={Fox, T. and Levine, J.F.}, year={2013}, month={Mar} } @article{eads_levine_2013, title={Vertical Migration and Reproductive Patterns of a Long-Term Brooding Freshwater Mussel, Villosa constricta (Bivalvia: Unionidae) in a Small Piedmont Stream}, volume={16}, ISSN={2472-2944}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.31931/fmbc.v16i1.2013.29-40}, DOI={10.31931/fmbc.v16i1.2013.29-40}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT We delineated a permanent 15 m by 9 m reach of a mussel bed in a small piedmont stream in the Cape Fear River Basin of North Carolina, USA. A total of 14 surveys were conducted at the study site from May 2005 to September 2006 at time intervals ranging from 2 weeks to 3 months. The study area was divided into fifteen 1-m-wide transects, and each transect was thoroughly searched twice during each survey event for any mussels on the substrate surface. We recorded species identification, length, gravidity (for known females) and replaced the mussel in the exact spot it was found. A pilot study was conducted to determine detection success with one, two, and three passes per transect and detection success was monitored on all transects throughout the study. We estimate that two passes over these transects yielded approximately 90% of the mussels on the sediment surface. Vertical migration patterns of Villosa constricta, and in particular females, were highly seasonal. Additional within-season variation could not be explained by seasonal patterns alone. Larger individuals were recaptured more frequently. Female mussels became gravid from August through March indicating that spawning and glochidial release took place over an extended period. In 2005, glochidial release was 1-2 months later than in 2006 and lasted through June. In 2006, glochidial release began before 7 February in 2006 and lasted through April. Smaller V. constricta (23-28 mm) were more likely to be gravid, and about half of the individual females were observed to spawn in consecutive years.}, number={1}, journal={Freshwater Mollusk Biology and Conservation}, publisher={BioOne}, author={Eads, Chris B. and Levine, Jay F.}, year={2013}, month={Mar}, pages={29} } @inproceedings{levine_ramirez-toro_ballester_hertler_minnigh_fowler_chapman_2012, title={Mariculture of oysters as a conservation tools: a proposed pilot study in Southwest PR}, author={Levine, J.F. and Ramirez-Toro, G. and Ballester, K. and Hertler, H. and Minnigh, H. and Fowler, P. and Chapman, B.}, year={2012} } @book{levine_eads_greiner_bogan_2012, title={Propagation and Culture of Federally Listed Freshwater Mussel Species}, number={HWY-2009-16}, author={Levine, J.F. and Eads, C. and Greiner, R. and Bogan, A.E.}, year={2012} } @article{davis_fogle_gerard_levine_blikslager_2012, title={Return to use and performance following exploratory celiotomy for colic in horses: 195 cases (2003-2010)}, volume={45}, ISSN={0425-1644}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.2012.00615.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.2042-3306.2012.00615.x}, abstractNote={Summary}, number={2}, journal={Equine Veterinary Journal}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Davis, W. and Fogle, C. A. and Gerard, M. P. and Levine, J. F. and Blikslager, A. T.}, year={2012}, month={Aug}, pages={224–228} } @inbook{levine_law_corsin_2011, title={Bivalves}, ISBN={9780470960806 9780813817583}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470960806.ch8}, DOI={10.1002/9780470960806.ch8}, booktitle={Invertebrate Medicine}, publisher={Wiley-Blackwell}, author={Levine, Jay F. and Law, Mac and Corsin, Flavio}, year={2011}, month={Oct}, pages={127–151} } @article{levine_2011, title={Integration of Environmental Stewardship and Local Economic Development to Enhance Community Health}, volume={72}, ISSN={0029-2559 0029-2559}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.18043/ncm.72.2.141}, DOI={10.18043/ncm.72.2.141}, abstractNote={Environmental groups working to preserve natural ecosystems and groups working to enhance local economic development often find themselves on philosophically opposite sides of the negotiation table. Case histories of cooperative engagement are provided that serve as examples of how environmental stewardship is compatible with local economic development and community health.}, number={2}, journal={North Carolina Medical Journal}, publisher={North Carolina Institute of Medicine}, author={Levine, Jay F.}, year={2011}, month={Mar}, pages={141–144} } @inproceedings{ballester_ramirez-toro_hertler_escudero_minnigh_levine_2011, title={Occurrence of microbial indicators and frank pathogens in sanitation program in Puerto Rico}, author={Ballester, K. and Ramirez-Toro, G. and Hertler, H. and Escudero, B.I. and Minnigh, H. and Levine, J.F.}, year={2011}, month={Feb} } @inproceedings{levine_2011, title={Potential Health Hazards Associated with Being and Aquatic Biologist}, author={Levine, J.F.}, year={2011}, month={Apr} } @inproceedings{eads_levine_2011, title={Propagation and Culture of Two Federally Endangered Freshwater Mussel Species in North Carolina}, author={Eads, C. and Levine, J.F.}, year={2011}, month={Apr} } @article{sicuro_levine_2011, title={Sea Cucumber in the Mediterranean: A Potential Species for Aquaculture in the Mediterranean}, volume={19}, ISSN={1064-1262 1547-6553}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10641262.2011.598249}, DOI={10.1080/10641262.2011.598249}, abstractNote={Sea cucumbers are now a global product known by the Chinese as “beche-de-mer,” “trepang,” or “haisom” and are almost unexploited resources in the Mediterranean region. They are currently harvested in the Mediterranean region and exported from Turkey, and the sea cucumber species is currently the most expensive seafood in Catalonia and the Balearic Islands. Considered a delicacy in many Asian countries, there is also growing interest in their medicinal and nutraceutical value. Their successful utilization in the Mediterranean Sea will require continued refinement of aquaculture techniques and development of processes for enhancing the scale of production. Even though the majority of Mediterranean species are not considered high-value products, it is clear that the future of sea cucumber farming has interesting lucrative potential in the Mediterranean and that turning sea cucumbers into aquaculture value-added products could have profitable economic benefits in this region.}, number={3}, journal={Reviews in Fisheries Science}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Sicuro, Benedetto and Levine, Jay}, year={2011}, month={Jul}, pages={299–304} } @inproceedings{greiner_levine_osburn_kwak_bogan_buchwalter_2011, title={Shredding Insects' Potential Contribution to Freshwater Mussel Nutrition}, author={Greiner, R. and Levine, J.F. and Osburn, C. and Kwak, T. and Bogan, A. and Buchwalter, D.}, year={2011}, month={Apr} } @article{bucci_levine_showers_2011, title={Spatial variability of the stable isotope (δ15N) composition in two freshwater bivalves (Corbicula fluminea and Elliptio complanata)}, volume={26}, ISSN={0270-5060 2156-6941}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2011.553817}, DOI={10.1080/02705060.2011.553817}, abstractNote={We compared the isotopic composition in freshwater bivalves (Corbicula fluminea and Elliptio complanata) from streams with different nitrate concentrations in a North Carolina river basin. Nitrogen isotopic (δ 15N) tissue values of C. fluminea and E. complanata were significantly higher in an agricultural land-use stream site compared to urban and forested samples (p < 0.05). Nitrogen (δ 15N) tissue values for both species were significantly (p < 0.001) associated with land-use type or patterns. The potential use of resident, non-native bivalves as biomonitors of potentially harmful nitrogen levels was implied.}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Freshwater Ecology}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Bucci, John P. and Levine, Jay F. and Showers, William J.}, year={2011}, month={Mar}, pages={19–24} } @inproceedings{greiner_levine_osburn_kwak_buchwaller_2011, title={The Unique Contribution of the Aquatic Shredding Insect, Tipula, to Organic Matter in Streams}, author={Greiner, R. and Levine, J.F. and Osburn, C. and Kwak, T. and Buchwaller, D.}, year={2011}, month={Mar} } @inproceedings{fox_levine_2011, title={The Use of Fish Cells as a Supplemental form of nutrition for In Vitro Propagation of Freshwater Mussels}, author={Fox, T. and Levine, J.F.}, year={2011}, month={Apr} } @article{levine_hargett_mccann_donovan-potts_pierce_2011, title={The Wilson Bay initiative, Riverworks, and the sturgeon city partnership: A case study for building effective academic-community partnerships}, volume={15}, ISSN={1534-6102}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Higher Education, Outreach and Engagement}, author={Levine, J.F. and Hargett, G. and McCann, J.P. and Donovan-Potts, P. and Pierce, S.}, year={2011}, month={Sep}, pages={121–133} } @inproceedings{hurley-sanders_levine_tikunov_macdonald_nelson_law_showers_stoskopf_2011, title={Use of 1H-NMR Spectroscopy to Evaluate Catabolism in the Freshwater Mussel, Elliptio complanata}, author={Hurley-Sanders, J. and Levine, J.F. and Tikunov, A. and MacDonald, NS. and Nelson, S. and Law, M. and Showers, W.J. and Stoskopf, M.}, year={2011}, month={Apr} } @inproceedings{levine_bucci_holliman_eads_hurley-sanders_2011, title={Veterinary and Environmental Tools for Unionid and Ecosystem Health Assessment}, author={Levine, J.F. and Bucci, J.P. and Holliman, F.M. and Eads, C.B. and Hurley-Sanders, J}, year={2011}, month={Apr} } @article{scheftel_elchos_cherry_debess_hopkins_levine_williams_bell_dvorak_funk_et al._2010, title={Compendium of Veterinary Standard Precautions for Zoonotic Disease Prevention in Veterinary Personnel: National Association of State Public Health Veterinarians Veterinary Infection Control Committee 2010}, volume={237}, ISSN={0003-1488}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.237.12.1403}, DOI={10.2460/javma.237.12.1403}, abstractNote={"Compendium of Veterinary Standard Precautions for Zoonotic Disease Prevention in Veterinary Personnel: National Association of State Public Health Veterinarians Veterinary Infection Control Committee 2010" published on 15 Dec 2010 by American Veterinary Medical Association.}, number={12}, journal={Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association}, publisher={American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)}, author={Scheftel, Joni M. and Elchos, Brigid L. and Cherry, Bryan and DeBess, Emilio E. and Hopkins, Sharon G. and Levine, Jay F. and Williams, Carl J. and Bell, Michael R. and Dvorak, Glenda D. and Funk, Renee H. and et al.}, year={2010}, month={Dec}, pages={1403–1422} } @article{drake_whitney_levine_depaola_jaykus_2010, title={Correlation of Mannitol Fermentation with Virulence-Associated Genotypic Characteristics inVibrio vulnificusIsolates from Oysters and Water Samples in the Gulf of Mexico}, volume={7}, ISSN={1535-3141 1556-7125}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2009.0362}, DOI={10.1089/fpd.2009.0362}, abstractNote={Vibrio vulnificus strains (n = 469) isolated from the Gulf of Mexico oysters and waters over a period of 2 years were subjected to phenotypic and genotypic characterizations. Of the strains that could be definitively genotyped (n = 465), 58% were classified as genotype A, 29% as genotype B, and 13% as genotype A/B by 16S rRNA genotyping. When the same strain bank was characterized by virulence-correlated gene (vcg) typing, 65% were genotype E while 35% were genotype C. Further analysis focusing on strains falling into typical genotype categories (i.e., 16S rRNA types A or B, excluding type A/B strains) showed a high degree of concordance (93%) when comparing the two genotyping methods. d-Mannitol fermentation was also predictive of genotype, with an 86% agreement between 16S rRNA genotype and mannitol fermentation patterns, and an 85% agreement between vcg genotype and mannitol fermentation patterns. d-Mannitol fermentation should be considered as a simple and less expensive alternative to screen V. vulnificus isolates for virulence potential, particularly when analyzing large strain banks.}, number={1}, journal={Foodborne Pathogens and Disease}, publisher={Mary Ann Liebert Inc}, author={Drake, Stephenie L. and Whitney, Brooke and Levine, Jay F. and DePaola, Angelo and Jaykus, Lee-Ann}, year={2010}, month={Jan}, pages={97–101} } @article{posner_pavuk_rokshar_carter_levine_2010, title={Effects of opioids and anesthetic drugs on body temperature in cats}, volume={37}, ISSN={1467-2987}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2995.2009.00508.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1467-2995.2009.00508.x}, abstractNote={OBJECTIVE To determine which class of opioid alone or in conjunction with other anesthetic drugs causes post-anesthetic hyperthermia in cats. STUDY DESIGN Prospective, randomized, crossover study. ANIMALS Eight adult, healthy, cats (four spayed females and four castrated males weighing 3.8 +/- 0.6 kg). METHODS Each cat was instrumented with a wireless thermistor in the abdominal cavity. Temperature in all phases was recorded every 5 minutes for 5 hours. Population body temperature (PBT) was recorded for approximately 8 days. Baseline body temperature is the final 24 hours of the PBT. All injectable drugs were given intramuscularly. The cats were administered drugs in four phases: 1) hydromorphone (H) 0.05, 0.1, or 0.2 mg kg(-1); 2) morphine (M) (0.5 mg kg(-1)), buprenorphine (BUP) (0.02 mg kg(-1)), or butorphanol (BUT) (0.2 mg kg(-1)); 3) ketamine (K) (5 mg kg(-1)) or ketamine (5 mg kg(-1)) plus hydromorphone (0.1 mg kg(-1)) (KH); 4) isoflurane in oxygen for 1 hour. Fifteen minutes prior to inhalant anesthetic, cats received either no premed (I), hydromorphone (0.1 mg kg(-1)) (IH), or hydromorphone (0.1 mg kg(-1)) plus ketamine (5 mg kg(-1)) (IHK). RESULTS Mean PBT for all unmedicated cats was 38.9 +/- 0.6 degrees C (102.0 +/- 1 degrees F). The temperature of cats administered all doses of hydromorphone increased from baseline (p < 0.03) All four opioids (H, M, BUP and BUT) studied increased body temperature compared with baseline (p < 0.005). A significant difference was observed between baseline temperature values and those in treatment KH (p < 0.03). Following recovery from anesthesia, temperature in treatments IH and IHK was different from baseline (p < 0.002). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE All of the opioids tested, alone or in combination with ketamine or isoflurane, caused an increase in body temperature. The increase seen was mild to moderate (<40.1 degrees C (104.2 degrees F) and self limiting.}, number={1}, journal={Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Posner, Lysa P and Pavuk, Alana A and Rokshar, Jennifer L and Carter, Jennifer E and Levine, Jay F}, year={2010}, month={Jan}, pages={35–43} } @article{eads_bringolf_greiner_bogan_levine_2010, title={Fish Hosts of the Carolina Heelsplitter (Lasmigona decorata), a Federally Endangered Freshwater Mussel (Bivalvia: Unionidae)}, volume={28}, ISSN={0740-2783 0740-2783}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.4003/006.028.0209}, DOI={10.4003/006.028.0209}, abstractNote={Abstract: Two laboratory trials were conducted to determine the required host fish for the Carolina heelsplitter (Lasmigona decorata (Lea, 1852)), an endangered freshwater mussel (Unionidae). The first trial used glochidia from a female collected from the Yadkin-Pee Dee River basin, and the second trial used the glochidia of an adult collected from the Catawba River basin. Two different techniques were utilized for glochidia extraction: flushing and serotonin-induced release. The first female tested (Yadkin-Pee Dee) packaged most of its glochidia attached to unfertilized eggs, and extraction of glochidia by flushing the marsupia with a syringe yielded few glochidia and caused extensive tearing of the gill tissue. In the second trial (Catawba) the female was immersed in 500 mg/L serotonin creatinine sulfate, and the glochidia were readily released without injury to the adult. Several species of minnows (Cyprinidae) from both basins served as hosts. Some sunfish species (Centrarchidae) supported transformation of a few juveniles, but differences in transformation success were observed between the two basins on these species.}, number={1-2}, journal={American Malacological Bulletin}, publisher={American Malacological Society}, author={Eads, Chris B. and Bringolf, Robert B. and Greiner, Renae D. and Bogan, Arthur E. and Levine, Jay F.}, year={2010}, month={Feb}, pages={151–158} } @book{levine_isaacson_jaykus_loneragan_gardner_mckean_white_torrence_grohn_2010, title={Food Safety Research Response Network}, number={NCV-VMCG-0026}, institution={National Institute of Food and Agriculture}, author={Levine, JF and Isaacson, R and Jaykus, L and Loneragan, G and Gardner, I and McKean, J and White, B and Torrence, M and Grohn, Y}, year={2010} } @inproceedings{ballester_ramirez-toro_hertler_escudero_jaykus_levine_2010, title={Using Occurrence Of Microbial Indicators And Frank Pathogens In Water, Sediment And Mollusks In Developing A Local Shellfish Sanitation Program In Puerto Rico}, author={Ballester, K and Ramirez-Toro, G and Hertler, H and Escudero, B and Jaykus, L and Levine, JF}, year={2010}, month={Feb} } @article{drake_beverely_chawla_janes_supan_bell_levine_jaykus_2009, title={Comparison of traditional thermocouples and data loggers for simplified temperature monitoring using shellstock oysters as a model}, volume={29}, journal={Journal of Food Protection and Trends}, author={Drake, S.L and Beverely, R. and Chawla, A and Janes, M. and Supan, J. and Bell, J and Levine, JF and Jaykus, L.A.}, year={2009}, month={May}, pages={268–271} } @inproceedings{mulvaney_ibe_caldwell_levine_whitman_tamanaha_2009, series={Proceedings}, title={Detection of mitochondrial DNA with the compact bead array sensor system (cBASS)}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.806433}, DOI={10.1117/12.806433}, abstractNote={Enteric pathogens are a significant contaminant in surface waters used for recreation, fish and shellfish harvesting, crop irrigation, and human consumption. The need for water monitoring becomes more pronounced when industrial, agricultural, and residential lands are found in close proximity. Fecal contamination is particularly problematic and identification of the pollution source essential to remediation efforts. Standard monitoring for fecal contamination relies on indicator organisms, but the technique is too broad to identify the source of contamination. Instead, real-time PCR of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is an emerging method for identification of the contamination source. Presented herein, we evaluate an alternative technology, the compact Bead Array Sensor System (cBASS®) and its assay approach Fluidic Force Discrimination (FFD), for the detection of mtDNA. Previously, we achieved multiplexed, attomolar detection of toxins and femtomolar detection of nucleic acids in minutes with FFD assays. More importantly, FFD assays are compatible with a variety of complex matrices and therefore potentially applicable for samples where the matrix would interfere with PCR amplification. We have designed a triplex assay for the NADH gene found in human, swine, and bovine mtDNA and demonstrated the specific detection of human mtDNA spiked into a waste water sample.}, booktitle={Frontiers in Pathogen Detection: From Nanosensors to Systems}, publisher={SPIE}, author={Mulvaney, Shawn P. and Ibe, Carol N. and Caldwell, Jane M. and Levine, Jay F. and Whitman, Lloyd J. and Tamanaha, Cy R.}, editor={Fauchet, Philippe M.Editor}, year={2009}, month={Feb}, collection={Proceedings} } @article{henson-ramsey_levine_kennedy-stoskopf_taylor_shea_stoskopf_2009, title={Development of a Dynamic Pharmacokinetic Model to Estimate Bioconcentration of Xenobiotics in Earthworms}, volume={14}, ISSN={["1573-2967"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-67349243406&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1007/s10666-007-9132-4}, number={3}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL MODELING & ASSESSMENT}, author={Henson-Ramsey, Heather and Levine, Jay and Kennedy-Stoskopf, Suzanne and Taylor, Sharon K. and Shea, Damian and Stoskopf, Michael K.}, year={2009}, month={Jun}, pages={411–418} } @article{caldwell_levine_2009, title={Domestic wastewater influent profiling using mitochondrial real-time PCR for source tracking animal contamination}, volume={77}, ISSN={0167-7012}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2008.11.007}, DOI={10.1016/j.mimet.2008.11.007}, abstractNote={Real-time PCR amplifying mammalian and avian mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was developed to characterize domestic and light industrial wastewater influent from two municipal wastewater treatment facilities (WWTF) over a 24-week period. Influent samples were assayed with species-specific primers and dual-labeled probes for human, bovine, swine, dog, cat, Canada goose and white-tailed deer to detect and quantify eukaryotic mtDNA contributors to local municipal wastewaters. Human (mean = 9.6 × 104 copies/ml) and dog (mean = 5.3 × 102 copies/ml) mtDNA were detected in all 24 samples (12 samples/site). Bovine and swine mtDNA were detected sporadically and at lower levels than human mtDNA, means = 3.0 × 104 and 9.5 × 102 copies/ml, respectively. Domestic cat, Canada goose and white-tailed deer were detected only once in 24 samples. Mitochondrial DNA concentrations were compared to other bacterial, chemical and spectrophotometric parameters. Human mtDNA was positively correlated with ammonia concentration (P = 0.01) and initial OD600 reading (P = 0.02) at one WWTF. Bovine mtDNA was positively correlated with biological oxygen demand (BOD) (P = 0.02), final DNA concentration (P = 0.03), initial and final humic acid concentrations (P = 0.01, P = 0.01), and final OD600 (P = 0.03) at one WWTF and total suspended solids (TSS) (P = 0.04, P = 0.09) at both facilities. Fecal coliforms were not positively or negatively correlated with mtDNA concentrations of any species assayed. For source tracking purposes, a combination of human (105 copies/ml) and dog mtDNA signal (102 copies/ml) could be indicative of municipal domestic wastewater contamination of environmental waters.}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Microbiological Methods}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Caldwell, Jane M. and Levine, Jay F.}, year={2009}, month={Apr}, pages={17–22} } @book{levine_eads_greiner_bogan_2009, title={Propagation and Culture of Federally Listed Freshwater Mussel Species}, institution={NC Department of Transportation}, author={Levine, J.F. and Eads, C.B. and Greiner, R. and Bogan, A.E.}, year={2009} } @article{bucci_showers_genna_levine_2009, title={Stable oxygen and carbon isotope profiles in an invasive bivalve (Corbicula fluminea) in North Carolina watersheds}, volume={73}, ISSN={0016-7037}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2009.03.023}, DOI={10.1016/j.gca.2009.03.023}, abstractNote={The modern invasive bivalve Corbicula fluminea was collected in 2006 from three sites with different land uses located in a North Carolina River Basin. The primary objective was to describe the δ18O and δ13C profiles of C. fluminea shells under various land use conditions. An additional aim was to evaluate whether growth patterns of C. fluminea form seasonally. Annual shell growth patterns were measured from the umbo to the margin and co-varied with estimates of ambient water temperature, corresponding to seasonal variation. The C. fluminea growth patterns as translucent bands (slower growth) appeared to form during winter months and opaque bands (rapid growth) formed during summer. A mixed model analysis (ANOVA) showed a significant site level effect of δ18O and δ13C profiles examined among sites (F = 17.1; p = 0.003). A second model showed a borderline significant site effect among profiles with variability more pronounced at the urban site, Crabtree Creek (p = 0.085). Previous habitat assessment ratings and water chemistry measurements suggested that the urban site was more impacted by storm water runoff. Understanding δ18O and δ13CSHELL profiles and shell growth patterns of the invasive bivalve (C. fluminea) may help establish a framework for using these animals as biomonitors to record water temperature and nutrient pollution.}, number={11}, journal={Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Bucci, John P. and Showers, William J. and Genna, Bernie and Levine, Jay F.}, year={2009}, month={Jun}, pages={3234–3247} } @article{henson-ramsey_kennedy-stoskopf_levine_taylor_shea_stoskopf_2008, title={Acute toxicity and tissue distributions of malathion in Ambystoma tigrinum}, volume={55}, ISSN={["1432-0703"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-51849109593&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1007/s00244-007-9091-4}, abstractNote={The kinetics of the bioaccumulation of malathion (O,O-dimethyl phosphorodithioate of diethyl mercaptosuccinate) and the biological impact of exposure for tiger salamanders, Ambystoma tigrinum, were assessed through exposure to soil surface contaminated with 50 microg/cm(2) or 100 microg/cm(2 )malathion and ingestion of an earthworm exposed to soil contaminated with 200 microg/cm(2) malathion. Malathion and malaoxon burdens in salamanders sampled at different times after exposure(s) were measured by gas chromatography in four tissue/organ subgroups: liver, epaxial muscle, pooled viscera (except the liver and brain), and pooled avisceral carcass (muscle, skin, and bone). The total tiger salamander xenobiotic burdens were calculated from these data. The malathion/malaoxon burden 1 day after exposure was greatest in the avisceral carcass and 2 days after exposure was greatest in the viscera. Bioconcentration and bioaccumulation factors remained less than unity throughout the experiment and did not support the hypothesis of bioaccumulation of malathion in the tiger salamander. Biological impact was assessed with a colorimetric brain cholinesterase microassay. Brain cholinesterase activities in salamanders exposed to malathion-contaminated soil (50 microg/cm(2) or 100 microg/cm(2 )malathion) were suppressed approximately 50-65% and 90%, respectively, compared to unexposed controls. The exposed animals did not exhibit overt clinical signs of malathion toxicosis.}, number={3}, journal={ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY}, author={Henson-Ramsey, H. and Kennedy-Stoskopf, S. and Levine, J. F. and Taylor, S. K. and Shea, D. and Stoskopf, M. K.}, year={2008}, month={Oct}, pages={481–487} } @article{henson-ramsey_shea_levine_kennedy-stoskopf_taylor_stoskopf_2008, title={Assessment of the Effect of Varying Soil Organic Matter Content on the Bioavailability of Malathion to the Common Nightcrawler, Lumbricus terrestris L.}, volume={80}, ISSN={0007-4861 1432-0800}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00128-007-9349-6}, DOI={10.1007/s00128-007-9349-6}, abstractNote={This study investigated the effect of soil organic matter content on the bioavailability of malathion to the common nightcrawler, Lumbricus terrestris. Earthworms were exposed for 72 h to malathion on two soil types, 8% organic matter and 55% organic matter. Two different measures of bioavailability, malathion body burdens and tissue cholinesterase activities, were then measured in the malathion exposed animals. There were no significant differences in body burden or cholinesterase levels in L. terrestris exposed to malathion on soils with differing organic matter content. This suggests that absorption into organic matter is not a limiting factor of malathion bioavailability to earthworm species.}, number={3}, journal={Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Henson-Ramsey, Heather and Shea, Damian and Levine, Jay F. and Kennedy-Stoskopf, Suzanne and Taylor, Sharon K. and Stoskopf, Michael K.}, year={2008}, month={Jan}, pages={220–224} } @article{elchos_scheftel_cherry_debess_hopkins_levine_williams_bell_dvorak_flora_et al._2008, title={Compendium of Veterinary Standard Precautions for Zoonotic Disease Prevention in Veterinary Personnel}, volume={233}, DOI={10.2460/javma.233.3.415}, abstractNote={Preface................................................................................................................................................................ 417 I...INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................................... 417 A..BACKGROUND.AND.OBJECTIVES.................................................................................................... 417 B..CONSIDERATIONS............................................................................................................................. .418 II..ZOONOTIC.DISEASE.TRANSMISSION.................................................................................................. 418 A..SOURCE............................................................................................................................................... 418 B..HOST.SUSCEPTIBILITY..................................................................................................................... .418 C..ROUTES.OF.TRANSMISSION............................................................................................................. 418. 1..CONTACT.TRANSMISSION........................................................................................................... 418 2..AEROSOL.TRANSMISSION............................................................................................................ 418 3..VECTOR-BORNE.TRANSMISSION................................................................................................ 418 III. VETERINARY.STANDARD.PRECAUTIONS............................................................................................ 419 A..PERSONAL.PROTECTIVE.ACTIONS.AND.EQUIPMENT................................................................. 419 1..HAND.HYGIENE............................................................................................................................. 419 2..USE.OF.GLOVES.AND.SLEEVES.................................................................................................... 419 3..FACIAL.PROTECTION................................................................................................................... 419 4..RESPIRATORY.TRACT.PROTECTION........................................................................................... 419 5..PROTECTIVE.OUTERWEAR.......................................................................................................... 420 a..Laboratory coats, smocks, and coveralls........................................................................................ 420 b..Nonsterile gowns.......................................................................................................................... 420 c..Footwear. ..................................................................................................................................... 420 d..Head covers.................................................................................................................................. 420 6..BITE.AND.OTHER.ANIMAL-RELATED.INJURY.PREVENTION................................................... 420 B..PROTECTIVE.ACTIONS.DURING.VETERINARY.PROCEDURES..................................................... 420 1..PATIENT.INTAKE............................................................................................................................ 420 2..EXAMINATION.OF.ANIMALS........................................................................................................ 420 3..INJECTIONS,.VENIPUNCTURE,.AND.ASPIRATION.PROCEDURES........................................... 421 a..Needlestick injury prevention........................................................................................................ 421 b..Barrier protection......................................................................................................................... 421 4..DENTAL.PROCEDURES................................................................................................................. 421. 5..RESUSCITATION............................................................................................................................. 421 6..OBSTETRICS................................................................................................................................... 421 7..NECROPSY...................................................................................................................................... 421 8..DIAGNOSTIC-SPECIMEN.HANDLING......................................................................................... 422.. C..ENVIRONMENTAL.INFECTION.CONTROL.................................................................................... 422 1..ISOLATION.OF.ANIMALS.WITH.INFECTIOUS.DISEASES.......................................................... 422 2..CLEANING.AND.DISINFECTION.OF.EQUIPMENT.AND.ENVIRONMENTAL.SURFACES....... 422 3..HANDLING.OF.LAUNDRY............................................................................................................. 422 4..DECONTAMINATION.AND.SPILL.RESPONSE............................................................................. 422 5..VETERINARY.MEDICAL.WASTE................................................................................................... 423 6..RODENT.AND.VECTOR.CONTROL.............................................................................................. 423 7..OTHER.ENVIRONMENTAL.CONTROLS....................................................................................... 423 IV..EMPLOYEE.HEALTH.............................................................................................................................. 423 A..GENERAL............................................................................................................................................ 423 1..EMPLOYEE.VACCINATION.POLICIES.AND.RECORD.KEEPING............................................... 423 a..Rabies........................................................................................................................................... 423 b..Tetanus......................................................................................................................................... 423 c..Influenza....................................................................................................................................... 423}, number={3}, journal={Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association}, publisher={National Association of Public Health Veterinarians}, author={Elchos, B.L. and Scheftel, J.M. and Cherry, B. and Debess, E.E. and Hopkins, Hunter L. and Levine, J.F. and Williams, C.J. and Bell, M.R. and Dvorak, G.D. and Flora, C.A. and et al.}, year={2008}, month={Aug}, pages={415–432} } @misc{elchos_scheftel_cherry_debess_hopkins_levine_williams_bell_dvorak_flora_et al._2008, title={Compendium of veterinary standard precautions for zoonotic disease prevention in veterinary personnel - National Association of State Public Health Veterinarians Veterinary Infection Control Committee 2008}, volume={233}, number={3}, journal={Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association}, author={Elchos, B. L. and Scheftel, J. M. and Cherry, B. and DeBess, E. E. and Hopkins, S. G. and Levine, J. F. and Williams, C. J. and Bell, M. R. and Dvorak, G. D. and Flora, C. A. and et al.}, year={2008}, pages={415–432} } @article{shivappa_savan_kono_sakai_emmenegger_kurath_levine_2008, title={Detection of spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV) by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) in koi carp, Cyprinus carpio L}, volume={31}, ISSN={0140-7775 1365-2761}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.2007.00894.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1365-2761.2007.00894.x}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Fish Diseases}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Shivappa, R B and Savan, R and Kono, T and Sakai, M and Emmenegger, E and Kurath, G and Levine, J F}, year={2008}, month={Apr}, pages={249–258} } @article{raley_levine_bogan_2008, title={Hemolymph as a nonlethal and minimally invasive source for DNA for molecular systematic studies of freshwater mussels}, volume={14}, journal={Tentacle. The Newsletter of the IUCN/SSC Mollusc Specialist Group}, author={Raley, M. E. and Levine, J. F. and Bogan, A. E.}, year={2008}, pages={33–34} } @article{vander pluym_eggleston_levine_2008, title={Impacts of Road Crossings on Fish Movement and Community Structure}, volume={23}, ISSN={0270-5060 2156-6941}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2008.9664244}, DOI={10.1080/02705060.2008.9664244}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT We quantified the impact of four commonly used road crossings (bridge, arch culvert, box culvert, and pipe culvert) on stream fish community structure and movement in the Piedmont region of the Cape Fear River basin of North Carolina, USA during summer 2004. We focused on non-perched crossings, which did not present a physical barrier to fish movement. With the exception of species richness, all response variables (fish population size, species diversity, fish index of biotic integrity, and conditional percentage of movement) did not vary significantly with crossing type, position (upstream and downstream), or month. Streams with arch culverts contained significantly higher species richness than streams with bridges. The general lack of stream fish abundance and diversity responses to road crossings may be due to the insensitivity of stream fish community variables to anthropogenic effects, the insensitivity of fish communities to the presence of crossings, the overall resilience of fish communities, or the shifting baseline theory (fish communities having shifted to a different community prior to sampling). Triple-pass electrofishing results suggest that these road crossings had no detectable effect on fish abundance or diversity.}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Freshwater Ecology}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Vander Pluym, Jenny L. and Eggleston, David B. and Levine, Jay F.}, year={2008}, month={Dec}, pages={565–574} } @article{holliman_davis_bogan_kwak_cope_levine_2008, title={Magnetic resonance imaging of live freshwater mussels (Unionidae)}, volume={127}, ISSN={["1744-7410"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1744-7410.2008.00143.x}, abstractNote={Abstract. We examined the soft tissues of live freshwater mussels, Eastern elliptio Elliptio complanata, via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), acquiring data with a widely available human whole‐body MRI system. Anatomical features depicted in the profile images included the foot, stomach, intestine, anterior and posterior adductor muscles, and pericardial cavity. Noteworthy observations on soft tissue morphology included a concentration of lipids at the most posterior aspect of the foot, the presence of hemolymph‐filled fissures in the posterior adductor muscle, the presence of a relatively large hemolymph‐filled sinus adjacent to the posterior adductor muscle (at the ventral‐anterior aspect), and segmentation of the intestine (a diagnostic description not reported previously in Unionidae). Relatively little is known about the basic biology and ecological physiology of freshwater mussels. Traditional approaches for studying anatomy and tissue processes, and for measuring sub‐lethal physiological stress, are destructive or invasive. Our study, the first to evaluate freshwater mussel soft tissues by MRI, clarifies the body plan of unionid mussels and demonstrates the efficacy of this technology for in vivo evaluation of the structure, function, and integrity of mussel soft tissues.}, number={4}, journal={INVERTEBRATE BIOLOGY}, author={Holliman, F. Michael and Davis, Denise and Bogan, Arthur E. and Kwak, Thomas J. and Cope, W. Gregory and Levine, Jay F.}, year={2008}, pages={396–402} } @article{levine_2008, title={Photo of Wilson Bay}, number={spring}, journal={NC Alumni Magazine, Talking Trash}, author={Levine, J.F.}, year={2008} } @inproceedings{bucci_caldwell_szempruch_levine_2008, title={Use of T-RFLP Analysis to Categorize the Microbial Diversity in Native Bivalve Streams in a North Carolina River Basin}, author={Bucci, J and Caldwell, JM and Szempruch, AJ and Levine, JF}, year={2008}, month={Oct} } @article{bucci_showers_levine_usry_2008, title={Valve Gape Response to Turbidity in Two Freshwater Bivalves (Corbicula flumineaandLampsilis radiata)}, volume={23}, ISSN={0270-5060 2156-6941}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2008.9664229}, DOI={10.1080/02705060.2008.9664229}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT In a laboratory study with a simulated storm event, we found a significant difference (p<0.05) in valve gape response to the turbidity between Corbicula fluminea and Lampsilis radiata. Valves of C. fluminea opened more intensively during the peak turbidity period and closed significantly more during a following chronic turbidity period. L. radiata exhibited little change in valve gape response with change in turbidity.}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Freshwater Ecology}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Bucci, John P. and Showers, William J. and Levine, Jay F. and Usry, Brian}, year={2008}, month={Sep}, pages={479–483} } @inproceedings{szempruch_caldwell_levine_2007, title={16s Sequence Analysis of Cellulose Degrader Isolates from an Invasive Mussel Species}, author={Szempruch, A.J. and Caldwell, J.M. and Levine, J.F.}, year={2007}, month={Oct} } @article{henson-ramsey_kennedy-stoskopf_levine_shea_taylor_stoskopf_2007, title={A comparison of two exposure systems to apply malathion to Lumbricus terrestris L}, volume={78}, ISSN={["0007-4861"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-34548014761&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1007/s00128-007-9194-7}, number={6}, journal={BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY}, author={Henson-Ramsey, H. and Kennedy-Stoskopf, S. and Levine, J. and Shea, D. and Taylor, S. K. and Stoskopf, M. K.}, year={2007}, month={Jun}, pages={427–431} } @book{bucci_hurley_thorp_law_levine_2007, title={Bivalves as Biomonitors in the Lake Crabtree Watershed, North Carolina: A Preliminary Field and Laboratory Study to Examine the Valve Gape Responses of Non-Native and Native Freshwater Bivalves to Polychlorinated Biphenyls}, institution={Nekton Research}, author={Bucci, J.P. and Hurley, J. and Thorp, E.C. and Law, M. and Levine, JF}, year={2007} } @inproceedings{li_mascarelli_raley_patel_gerner-smidt_gebreyes_levine_2007, title={Characterization of Salmonella Isolates From Sentinel Bivalves (Corbicula flumenia) Using Serotypying, Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE), Multi-Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) and Antimicrobial Resistance Analysis (ARA)}, author={Li, X. and Mascarelli, P. and Raley, M. and Patel, P. and Gerner-Smidt, P. and Gebreyes, W.A. and Levine, J.}, year={2007}, month={Jul} } @article{holliman_kwak_cope_levine_2007, title={Exposure of Unionid Mussels to Electric Current: Assessing Risks Associated with Electrofishing}, volume={136}, ISSN={0002-8487 1548-8659}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1577/T07-006.1}, DOI={10.1577/T07-006.1}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={6}, journal={Transactions of the American Fisheries Society}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Holliman, F. Michael and Kwak, Thomas J. and Cope, W. Gregory and Levine, Jay F.}, year={2007}, month={Nov}, pages={1593–1606} } @inproceedings{holliman_davis_bogan_kwak_cope_levine_2007, title={Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Live Freshwater Mussels (Unionidae)}, author={Holliman, F.M. and Davis, D. and Bogan, A.E. and Kwak, T.J. and Cope, G. and Levine, J.F.}, year={2007}, month={Mar} } @article{caldwell_raley_levine_2007, title={Mitochondrial Multiplex Real-Time PCR as a Source Tracking Method in Fecal-Contaminated Effluents}, volume={41}, ISSN={0013-936X 1520-5851}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es062912s}, DOI={10.1021/es062912s}, abstractNote={Multiplex real-time PCR amplifying fecal mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) combined with rapid, crude DNA preparations are promising additions to surface water source tracking methods. Amplification of eukaryotic mitochondrial DNA identifies the fecal source directly and can be used in conjunction with other intestinal microbial methods to characterize effluents. Species-specific primers and dual-labeled probes for human, swine, and bovine NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (ND5) genes were created for multiplex real-time PCR in feces and effluent slurries. The linear range of the multiplex assay was 10(2)-10(7) mtDNA copies for human, bovine, and swine effluent in combination (equal volumes). PCR amplification efficiencies for bovine, human, and swine mtDNA when assayed in combination were 93, 107, and 92% respectively. Linear regression correlation coefficients (r2) were 0.99 for all standard curves except for human mtDNA in combination (r2 = 0.95). Multiplex amplification of bovine, human, and swine mtDNA (ND5) exhibited no cross-reactions between the effluents from three species of interest. Also, no cross-reactions were observed with effluents of other vertebrates: sheep, goat, horse, dog, cat, Canada goose, broiler, layer, turkey, and tilapia. Performed as a blind test, the PCR operator was able to correctly identify all but two effluent challenge samples (10/12 or 83% correct) with no false positives (22/22 or 100% correct). The multiplex assay had a tendency to detect the species of highest mtDNA concentration only. Better detection of all three species in a combination of human, bovine, and swine effluents was accomplished by running each real-time PCR primer/ probe set singly. Real-time PCR detection limit was calculated as 2.0 x 10(6) mitochondrial copies or 0.2 g of human feces per 100 mL effluent. Some carry-over mtDNA PCR signal from consumed beef, but not pork, was found in feces of human volunteers.}, number={9}, journal={Environmental Science & Technology}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Caldwell, Jane M. and Raley, Morgan E. and Levine, Jay F.}, year={2007}, month={May}, pages={3277–3283} } @inproceedings{raley_bogan_eads_levine_2007, title={Molecular Evidence For A Novel Phylogenetic Placement Of The Carolina Creekshell, Villosa vaughaniana (LEA, 1836)}, author={Raley, ME and Bogan, Ae and Eads, Cb and Levine, Jf}, year={2007}, month={Mar} } @article{johnson_law_harms_levine_2007, title={Multitiered Health Assessment of Atlantic Menhaden in the Pamlico River, North Carolina}, volume={19}, ISSN={0899-7659 1548-8667}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1577/H06-018.1}, DOI={10.1577/H06-018.1}, abstractNote={During the fall of 2001 and 2002, Atlantic menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus were collected from several creeks in the Pamlico River, North Carolina, to investigate recent fish kills and ulcerative skin lesions. High skin lesion prevalence (>50%) was associated with the Atlantic menhaden kills in fall 2001, whereas there were no fish kills in fall 2002 and skin lesion prevalence was lower (< or =50%). Indicators of tissue damage (histopathological analyses of gills, heart, liver, intestine, and anterior kidney), body condition (liver somatic index), and immune status (transforming growth factor-beta [TGF-beta] messenger RNA [mRNA] production, hematology, plasma chemistry, and splenosomatic index) were compared between Atlantic menhaden with and without ulcerative skin lesions in fall. Atlantic menhaden with ulcerative skin lesions had significantly higher liver somatic indices, neutrophil and monocyte percentages, and splenic mononuclear cell TGF-beta mRNA levels than did fish without lesions. Hematocrit values, plasma protein, and Ca concentrations were significantly lower in fish with ulcerative skin lesions than in those without. The indicators used in this study at multiple levels of biological organization have provided valuable baseline data for understanding the health status of lesioned and nonlesioned Atlantic menhaden in the Pamlico River.}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Aquatic Animal Health}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Johnson, A. K. and Law, J. M. and Harms, C. A. and Levine, J. F.}, year={2007}, month={Dec}, pages={205–214} } @article{miller_fuller_gebreyes_lewbart_shchelkunov_shivappa_joiner_woolford_stone_dixon_et al._2007, title={Phylogenetic analysis of spring virema of carp virus reveals distinct subgroups with common origins for recent isolates in North America and the UK}, volume={76}, ISSN={["1616-1580"]}, DOI={10.3354/dao076193}, abstractNote={Genetic relationships between 35 spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) genogroup Ia isolates were determined based on the nucleotide sequences of the phosphoprotein (P) gene and glycoprotein (G) genes. Phylogenetic analysis based on P gene sequences revealed 2 distinct subgroups within SVCV genogroup Ia, designated SVCV Iai and Iaii, and suggests at least 2 independent introductions of the virus into the USA in 2002. Combined P- and G-sequence data support the emergence of SVCV in Illinois, USA, and in Lake Ontario, Canada, from the initial outbreak in Wisconsin, USA, and demonstrate a close genetic link to viruses isolated during routine import checks on fish brought into the UK from Asia. The data also showed a genetic link between SVCV isolations made in Missouri and Washington, USA, in 2004 and the earlier isolation made in North Carolina, USA, in 2002. However, based on the close relationship to a 2004 UK isolate, the data suggest than the Washington isolate represents a third introduction into the US from a common source, rather than a reemergence from the 2002 isolate. There was strong phylogenetic support for an Asian origin for 9 of 16 UK viruses isolated either from imported fish, or shown to have been in direct contact with fish imported from Asia. In one case, there was 100% nucleotide identity in the G-gene with a virus isolated in China.}, number={3}, journal={DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS}, author={Miller, O. and Fuller, F. J. and Gebreyes, W. A. and Lewbart, G. A. and Shchelkunov, I. S. and Shivappa, R. B. and Joiner, C. and Woolford, G. and Stone, D. M. and Dixon, P. F. and et al.}, year={2007}, month={Jul}, pages={193–204} } @article{lehmann_levine_law_2007, title={Polychlorinated Biphenyl Exposure Causes Gonadal Atrophy and Oxidative Stress in Corbicula fluminea Clams}, volume={35}, ISSN={0192-6233 1533-1601}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01926230701230288}, DOI={10.1080/01926230701230288}, abstractNote={ Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are widespread environmental contaminants that have been linked to oxidative and other toxic effects in both humans and wildlife. Due to recent environmental health concerns at a PCB contaminated Superfund site near Raleigh, NC, we used a common clam species ( Corbicula fluminea) as surrogates to isolate the effects of PCBs on threatened bivalves native to the region. Under controlled laboratory conditions, clams were exposed to 0, 1, 10, or 100 ppb Aroclor 1260 in the ambient water for 21 days. Measured biomarkers spanned a range of effective levels of biological organization including low molecular weight antioxidants, lipid-soluble antioxidants, and whole tissue radical absorption capacity. These data were augmented by use of histological evaluation of whole samples. Aroclor 1260 significantly increased reduced glutathione (GSH) and total protein concentrations at all treatments levels. Significant decreases were measured in all treatments in γ-tocopherol and total oxidant scavenging capacity (TOSC) and α-tocopherol values in the 100 ppb exposure. Histologically, Aroclor 1260 caused significant gonadal atrophy, effacement of gonad architecture with accumulations of Brown cells, and inflammation and necrosis in digestive glands and foot processes. Our results indicate that oxidative mechanisms play a significant role in the decreased health of these clams due to exposure to Aroclor 1260. The changes in the gonads of exposed clams suggest that a serious threat to bivalve reproduction exists due to PCB exposure. }, number={3}, journal={Toxicologic Pathology}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Lehmann, Daniel W. and Levine, Jay F. and Law, J. Mchugh}, year={2007}, month={Apr}, pages={356–365} } @inproceedings{eads_kittel_wilson_bradford_bogan_levine_2007, title={Propagation and Culture Of Freshwater Mussels In North Carolina}, author={Eads, C. and Kittel, C.J. and Wilson, G and Bradford, R.J. and Bogan, A.E. and Levine, J.F.}, year={2007}, month={Mar} } @book{eads_levine_bogan_raley_2007, title={Propagation of Freshwater Mussels for Release into North Carolina Waters}, number={FHWA/NC/2006-37}, institution={NC Department of Transportation}, author={Eads, C. and Levine, J.F. and Bogan, A. and Raley, M}, year={2007}, month={May} } @article{li_payne_santos_levine_anderson_sheldon_2007, title={Salmonella Populations and Prevalence in Layer Feces from Commercial High-Rise Houses and Characterization of the Salmonella Isolates by Serotyping, Antibiotic Resistance Analysis, and Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis}, volume={86}, ISSN={0032-5791}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ps/86.3.591}, DOI={10.1093/ps/86.3.591}, abstractNote={Salmonella species are recognized as a major cause of foodborne illnesses that are closely associated with the consumption of contaminated poultry and egg products. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the Salmonella populations and prevalence in layer feces during the laying cycle and molting of the hen and to characterize the layer fecal Salmonella isolates by serotyping, antibiotic resistance analysis, and pulsed field gel electrophoresis. Fecal samples were collected from a commercial layer complex consisting of 12 houses. Composite fecal samples across each row were collected as a function of bird age [18 wk (at placement), 25 to 28 wk (first peak of production cycle), 66 to 74 wk (molting), and 75 to 78 wk (second peak of production cycle)]. Bird ages and molting practice did not significantly affect (P > 0.05) Salmonella populations with an average of 1.25, 1.27, 1.20, and 1.14 log most probable number/g for the 18-, 25- to 28-, 66- to 74-, and 75- to 7-wk birds, respectively. However, the 18-wk birds had the highest prevalence of Salmonella (55.6%), followed by the 25- to 28-wk birds (41.7%), 75- to 78-wk birds (16.7%), and 66- to 74-wk birds (5.5%). Of the 45 Salmonella isolates characterized, the most predominant serovar was Salmonella Kentucky (62%). Thirty-five percent of the Salmonella isolates were resistant to at least 1 antibiotic. As expected, considerable genetic diversity was observed within and across the different serovars.}, number={3}, journal={Poultry Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Li, X. and Payne, J.B. and Santos, F.B. and Levine, J.F. and Anderson, K.E. and Sheldon, B.W.}, year={2007}, month={Mar}, pages={591–597} } @article{newell-fugate_kennedy-stoskopf_brown_levine_swanson_2007, title={Seminal and endocrine characteristics of male Pallas' Cats (Otocolobus manul) maintained under artificial lighting with simulated natural photoperiods}, volume={26}, ISSN={0733-3188 1098-2361}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zoo.20127}, DOI={10.1002/zoo.20127}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={3}, journal={Zoo Biology}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Newell-Fugate, Annie and Kennedy-Stoskopf, Suzanne and Brown, Janine L. and Levine, Jay F. and Swanson, William F.}, year={2007}, month={May}, pages={187–199} } @article{gustafson_showers_kwak_levine_stoskopf_2007, title={Temporal and spatial variability in stable isotope compositions of a freshwater mussel: implications for biomonitoring and ecological studies}, volume={152}, ISSN={["1432-1939"]}, DOI={10.1007/s00442-006-0633-7}, abstractNote={Stable isotopes can be used to elucidate ecological relationships in community and trophic studies. Findings are calibrated against baselines, e.g. from a producer or primary consumer, assumed to act as a reference to the isotopic context created by spatio-temporal attributes such as geography, climate, nutrient, and energy sources. The ability of an organism to accurately represent a community base depends on how, and over what time-scale, it assimilates ambient materials. Freshwater mussels have served as references for trophic studies of freshwater communities and as indicators of change in nutrient pollution load or source. Their suitability as reference animals has not yet been fully explored, however. We conducted a series of studies examining the suitability of freshwater mussels as isotopic baselines, using their ability to reflect variation in ambient nutrient loads as a case scenario. (1) We analyzed bivalve foot tissue delta(15)N and delta(13)C from 22 stream reaches in the Piedmont region of North Carolina, USA to show that compositions varied substantially among locations. Site mean bivalve delta(13)C values correlated with site ambient particulate organic matter (POM) delta(13)C values, and site mean bivalve delta(15)N values correlated with site ambient water dissolved delta(15)N-NO(3) values. (2) Similarity of results among sample types demonstrated that the minimally invasive hemolymph sample is a suitable substitute for foot tissue in delta(15)N analyses, and that small sample sizes generate means representative of a larger population. Both findings can help minimize the impact of sampling on imperiled freshwater mussel populations. (3) In a bivalve transplantation study we showed that hemolymph delta(15)N compositions responded to a shift in ambient dissolved delta(15)N-NO(3), although slowly. The tissue turnover time for bivalve hemolymph was 113 days. We conclude that bivalves serve best as biomonitors of chronic, rather than acute, fluctuations in stream nutrient loads, and provide initial evidence of their suitability as time-integrated isotopic baselines for community studies.}, number={1}, journal={OECOLOGIA}, author={Gustafson, Lori and Showers, William and Kwak, Thomas and Levine, Jay and Stoskopf, Michael}, year={2007}, month={May}, pages={140–150} } @inproceedings{eads_bogan_levine_2007, title={The Use Of Mark-Recapture To Understand Seasonal Changes In A Mussel Bed}, author={Eads, C. and Bogan, A.E. and Levine, J.F.}, year={2007}, month={Mar} } @article{atkins_rausch_gardner_defrancesco_keene_levine_2007, title={The effect of amlodipine and the combination of amlodipine and enalapril on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in the dog}, volume={30}, ISSN={0140-7783 1365-2885}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2885.2007.00894.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1365-2885.2007.00894.x}, abstractNote={Excessive aldosterone secretion is detrimental to the heart, vessels and kidneys, contributing to hypertension and the signs and progression of heart failure. Aldosterone secretion, abnormally elevated in heart failure and hypertension, can be blunted with angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors. Amlodipine, used to treat hypertension and heart failure, was hypothesized to activate the renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system (RAAS). A study was conducted with six normal adult male beagle dogs. Each dog received amlodipine (0.57 mg/kg b.i.d.) for 6 days, followed by amlodipine (0.57 mg/kg b.i.d.) and enalapril (0.57 mg/kg b.i.d.) for 4 days. Blood pressure, heart rate, serum chemistries and urinary aldosterone excretion, as a measure of RAAS activation, were compared with baseline values. Blood pressure fell by approximately 7% with amlodipine (P = 0.05) and a further 7% with the combination of amlodipine and enalapril (P < 0.01). Blood urea nitrogen increased with the combination (P < 0.05) but only one dog became mildly azotemic. Renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system activation, based on 24 h urinary aldosterone excretion and by aldosterone:creatinine ratio was increased by approximately threefold (P < 0.05) with amlodipine administration. This effect was blunted by enalapril, such that aldosterone excretion was no longer different from that observed under control conditions, although values for 24‐h aldosterone excretion did not return to pretreament levels.}, number={5}, journal={Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Atkins, C. E. and Rausch, W. P. and Gardner, S. Y. and Defrancesco, T. C. and Keene, B. W. and Levine, J. F.}, year={2007}, month={Oct}, pages={394–400} } @article{jackson_levine_hilborn_2006, title={A comparison of analysis units for associating Lyme disease with forest-edge habitat}, volume={7}, ISSN={["1588-2756"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/comec.7.2006.2.6}, DOI={10.1556/ComEc.7.2006.2.6}, abstractNote={The rational definition of spatial analysis units is critical to modeling and understanding large-scale ecological processes. This study assessed the relationship between forest-edge habitat pattern and Lyme disease incidence rate when modeled under three designs for spatial data aggregation. Incidence rates were calculated from passive surveillance data reported for 12 counties in the U.S. State of Maryland during 1996–2000. A design using road-bounded polygons that varied in size from 0.002 km 2 to 368 km 2 ( n = 415) was compared with designs that used grid cells of 10 km 2 ( n = 823) and 36 km 2 ( n = 230). Major roads were chosen to approximate bounded populations of deer and humans engaged in outdoor activity around the home (peridomestic activity). While cell boundaries were arbitrary, cell sizes were chosen to eliminate outliers observed in small polygons, and to standardize the presumed zone of exposure. The single variable that explained the most variation in incidence rate across all study desi...}, number={2}, journal={COMMUNITY ECOLOGY}, author={Jackson, L. E. and Levine, J. F. and Hilborn, E. D.}, year={2006}, pages={189–197} } @article{johnson_harms_levine_law_2006, title={A quantitative real-time RT-PCR assay to measure TGF-β mRNA and its correlation with hematologic, plasma chemistry and organo-somatic indices responses in triamcinolone-treated Atlantic menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannus}, volume={30}, ISSN={0145-305X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dci.2005.06.021}, DOI={10.1016/j.dci.2005.06.021}, abstractNote={A quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay was developed to measure transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) in Atlantic menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus), an estuarine-dependent species plagued by ulcerative skin lesions in the estuaries along the eastern United States. Atlantic menhaden were acclimated in a closed system for two weeks prior to initiation of the study. The synthetic glucocorticoid, triamcinolone acetonide (10mg/kg body weight) was administered by intracoelomic injection and its effect on the splenic mononuclear cell TGF-beta mRNA transcription, liver-somatic index, spleno-somatic index, hematology, and plasma chemistry were compared to untreated fish at 48 and 96h post-treatment. Triamcinolone-treated Atlantic menhaden showed suppression of TGF-beta mRNA production, neutrophilia, monocytosis, lymphopenia, and an increase in blood glucose concentrations. The health indices used in this study may help us interpret some of the changes observed during the development of ulcerative skin lesions in wild-caught menhaden.}, number={5}, journal={Developmental & Comparative Immunology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Johnson, A.K. and Harms, C.A. and Levine, J.F. and Law, J. McHugh}, year={2006}, month={Jan}, pages={473–484} } @inbook{levine_law_corsin_2006, place={Hoboken, NJ}, title={Bivalves}, ISBN={9780813818443 9780470344606}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470344606.ch7}, DOI={10.1002/9780470344606.ch7}, abstractNote={Chapter 7 Bivalves Jay F. Levine, Jay F. LevineSearch for more papers by this authorMac Law, Mac LawSearch for more papers by this authorFlavio Corsin, Flavio CorsinSearch for more papers by this author Jay F. Levine, Jay F. LevineSearch for more papers by this authorMac Law, Mac LawSearch for more papers by this authorFlavio Corsin, Flavio CorsinSearch for more papers by this author Gregory A. Lewbart M.S., V.M.D., Diplomate ACZM, Gregory A. Lewbart M.S., V.M.D., Diplomate ACZM Professor of Aquatic Animal Medicine, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Raleigh, North CarolinaSearch for more papers by this author Book Author(s):Gregory A. Lewbart M.S., V.M.D., Diplomate ACZM, Gregory A. Lewbart M.S., V.M.D., Diplomate ACZM Professor of Aquatic Animal Medicine, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Raleigh, North CarolinaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 31 March 2006 https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470344606.ch7Citations: 2 AboutPDFPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShareShare a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Summary This chapter contains section titled: Introduction Basic Anatomy and Physiology Behavior Bivalves as Biological Filters Bivalves as Bioindicators Culture Health Requirements References Citing Literature Invertebrate Medicine RelatedInformation}, booktitle={Invertebrate Medicine}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Levine, Jay F. and Law, Mac and Corsin, Flavio}, editor={Lewbart, G.A.Editor}, year={2006}, month={Mar}, pages={91–113} } @inproceedings{bogan_mandryka_mock_hoeh_raley_levine_2006, title={Comparison of North American and Paleartic Unionid Bivalves: A Contrast: The Classifications Of Haas And Starobogatov}, author={Bogan, AE and Mandryka, O and Mock, Ke and Hoeh, Wr and Raley, Me and Levine, Jf}, year={2006}, month={Sep} } @inproceedings{shivappa_savan_masahiro_levine_2006, title={Detection Of Spring Viremia Of Carp Virus By Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification (Lamp)}, author={Shivappa, R.B. and Savan, R. and Masahiro, S. and Levine, J.F.}, year={2006}, month={Nov} } @inproceedings{li_levine_2006, title={Rapid And Specific Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Method For Detection of Viable Salmonella spp. in Poultry Feed and Feedstuffs}, author={Li, X. and Levine, JF}, year={2006}, month={Jul} } @article{eads_bogan_levine_2006, title={Status and life-history aspects of Villosa constricta (Conrad 1838) (Notched Rainbow), in the upper Neuse River Basin, North Carolina}, volume={5}, ISSN={["1938-5412"]}, DOI={10.1656/1528-7092(2006)5[649:SALAOV]2.0.CO;2}, abstractNote={Abstract We report the findings of stream-survey data, a length-at-age study, and host-fish determination for Villosa constricta (notched rainbow). Visual surveys were done for freshwater mussels at 44 bridge crossings in the upper Neuse River basin in North Carolina. Three surveyors, each searching a 1-m wide lane, covered a 600-m long stream reach at each site. All mussels found were ide.gified to species and measured, and females were checked for gravidity. Of the 24 sites where V. constricta occurred, the median number found was 3.5 (range = 1–54). We cut thin-sections of 71 individual shells collected from middens at 1 survey site and counted growth lines to determine mussel age. Shell ages ranged from 3 to 14 years. Lab trials determined that Etheostoma flabellare (fantail darter) served as a suitable host for this species.}, number={4}, journal={SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST}, author={Eads, Chris B. and Bogan, Arthur E. and Levine, Jay F.}, year={2006}, pages={649–660} } @book{levine_cope_stoskopf_bogan_gustafson_showers_shea_eads_lazaro_thorsen_et al._2005, title={Assessment of the Impact of Highway Runoff on the Health of Freshwater Mussels}, url={https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/37846}, number={FHWA/NC/2004-03}, institution={North Carolina Department of Transportation}, author={Levine, J.F. and Cope, G. and Stoskopf, M. and Bogan, M and Gustafson, L and Showers, B. and Shea, D. and Eads, C. and Lazaro, P and Thorsen, W and et al.}, year={2005} } @article{breitschwerdt_levine_radulovic_hanby_kordick_perle_2005, title={Bartonella henselae and Rickettsia seroreactivity in a sick cat population from North Carolina}, volume={3}, ISBN={1542-2666}, number={4}, journal={International Journal of Applied Research in Veterinary Medicine}, author={Breitschwerdt, E. B. and Levine, J. F. and Radulovic, S. and Hanby, S. B. and Kordick, D. L. and Perle, K. M. D. la}, year={2005}, pages={287} } @inproceedings{lehmann_heltsley_shea_levine_law_2005, title={Biomarkers of Oxidative Damage Due to Environmental Exposure to PCBs in Asiatic Clams}, author={Lehmann, DW and Heltsley, Rm and Shea, D and Levine, Jf and Law, Jm}, year={2005}, month={Nov} } @book{levine_lewis_taylor_stoskopf_shea_showers_eads_2005, title={Bivalves as biomonitors in the Neuse River}, author={Levine, J.F. and Lewis, T. and Taylor, S. and Stoskopf, M. and Shea, D. and Showers, W. and Eads, C.}, year={2005} } @inproceedings{li_payne_santos_levine_sheldon_2005, title={Characterization of Salmonella Fecal Isolates From a Commercial Laying Hen Complex By Serotype, Antibiotic Susceptibility and Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis}, author={Li, X. and Payne, Jb and Santos, Fbo and Levine, JF and Sheldon, Bw}, year={2005}, month={Jul} } @inproceedings{li_levine_sheldon_2005, title={Characterization of Salmonella Isolates From A Commercial Laying Hen Complex by Serotype, Antibiotic Susceptibility Test and PFGE}, author={Li, X and Levine, Jf and Sheldon, Bw}, year={2005}, month={Jul} } @article{mumford_patterson_evered_brunson_levine_winton_2005, title={Comparison of individual and pooled sampling methods for detecting bacterial pathogens of fish}, volume={17}, ISSN={["1943-4936"]}, DOI={10.1177/104063870501700401}, abstractNote={ Examination of finfish populations for viral and bacterial pathogens is an important component of fish disease control programs worldwide. Two methods are commonly used for collecting tissue samples for bacteriological culture, the currently accepted standards for detection of bacterial fish pathogens. The method specified in the Office International des Epizooties Manual of Diagnostic Tests for Aquatic Animals permits combining renal and splenic tissues from as many as 5 fish into pooled samples. The American Fisheries Society (AFS) Blue Book/US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Inspection Manual specifies the use of a bacteriological loop for collecting samples from the kidney of individual fish. An alternative would be to more fully utilize the pooled samples taken for virology. If implemented, this approach would provide substantial savings in labor and materials. To compare the relative performance of the AFS/USFWS method and this alternative approach, cultures of Yersinia ruckeri were used to establish low-level infections in groups of rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) that were sampled by both methods. Yersinia ruckeri was cultured from 22 of 37 groups by at least 1 method. The loop method yielded 18 positive groups, with 1 group positive in the loop samples but negative in the pooled samples. The pooled samples produced 21 positive groups, with 4 groups positive in the pooled samples but negative in the loop samples. There was statistically significant agreement (Spearman coefficient 0.80, P < 0.001) in the relative ability of the 2 sampling methods to permit detection of low-level bacterial infections of rainbow trout. }, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION}, author={Mumford, S and Patterson, C and Evered, J and Brunson, R and Levine, J and Winton, J}, year={2005}, month={Jul}, pages={305–310} } @inproceedings{huang_raley_levine_bogan_2005, title={Conservation genetics of the endangered genus Alasmidonta (Unionidae: Anodontinae) in North America}, author={Huang, Y. and Raley, M.E. and Levine, J.F. and Bogan, A.E.}, year={2005}, month={May} } @inbook{lehmann_levine_law_2005, place={Boca Raton, Florida}, title={Design and use of a highly responsive and rigidly controllable hypoxia exposure system}, volume={2}, ISBN={9781566706643 9780203501597}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203501597.ch31}, DOI={10.1201/9780203501597.ch31}, booktitle={Techniques in Aquatic Toxicology}, publisher={CRC Press}, author={Lehmann, D and Levine, J and Law, J}, editor={Ostrander, G.K.Editor}, year={2005}, month={Jan} } @misc{holliman_kwak_cope_levine_2005, title={Effects of Electrofishing On Survival and Behavior of Native Freshwater Mussels}, author={Holliman, F.M. and Kwak, T.J. and Cope, WG and Levine, J.F.}, year={2005}, month={Feb} } @inproceedings{holliman_kwak_cope_levine_2005, title={Effects of Electrofishing on Survival and Behavior of Native Freshwater Mussels}, author={Holliman, F.M. and Kwak, T.J. and Cope, WG and Levine, J.F.}, year={2005}, month={Sep} } @inproceedings{turner_cope_shea_levine_moody_2005, title={Evaluation of Physiochemical Conditions on the Valve Movement Response of Asian clams: Implications for Broadband Biomonitoring of Surface Waters}, author={Turner, P.M. and Cope, W.G. and Shea, D. and Levine, J.F. and Moody, R}, year={2005}, month={Nov} } @article{gustafson_stoskopf_bogan_showers_kwak_hanlon_levine_2005, title={Evaluation of a nonlethal technique for hemolymph collection in Elliptio complanata, a freshwater bivalve (Mollusca: Unionidae)}, volume={65}, ISSN={0177-5103 1616-1580}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/dao065159}, DOI={10.3354/dao065159}, abstractNote={Hemolymph, the circulatory fluid of bivalves, transports nutrients, respiratory gases, enzymes, metabolic wastes, and toxicants throughout the body. Hemolymph can provide information pertinent to health assessment of animals or populations, but is not commonly used in freshwater bivalves partly because of the lack of tested, practical techniques for its nonlethal collection. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of hemolymph collection on the growth and survival of Elliptio complanata, a freshwater bivalve (Unionidae). We describe a simple technique for the collection of hemolymph from the anterior adductor muscle sinus of E. complanata. To evaluate the effect of hemolymph sampling on mussel survival and growth, 30 mussels sampled using the technique and 30 unsampled controls were followed for 3 mo post collection. Nine animals were sampled 3 times over 7 mo to monitor effects of repeated sampling. No negative impacts on survival or growth were observed in either the singly or repeatedly sampled animals. We also compared the composition of hemolymph collected from the adductor muscle sinus with that collected from the ventricle of the heart. Calcium levels and cell count of hemolymph obtained from the adductor sinus and ventricle were significantly different. There was no significant difference between collection sites for magnesium, phosphorus, ammonia, protein, sodium, potassium, or chloride. We conclude that collection of hemolymph from the adductor sinus is safe for sampled E. complanata and should be explored as a relatively non-invasive, and potentially useful, approach to the evaluation of freshwater mussel health.}, number={2}, journal={Diseases of Aquatic Organisms}, publisher={Inter-Research Science Center}, author={Gustafson, LL and Stoskopf, MK and Bogan, AE and Showers, W and Kwak, TJ and Hanlon, S and Levine, JF}, year={2005}, pages={159–165} } @article{brands_billington_levine_joens_2005, title={Genotypes and Antibiotic Resistance ofSalmonellaNewport Isolates from U.S. Market Oysters}, volume={2}, ISSN={1535-3141 1556-7125}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2005.2.111}, DOI={10.1089/fpd.2005.2.111}, abstractNote={The consumption of raw oysters contributes to food-borne diseases such as salmonellosis. Prevalence studies in our laboratory have shown that Salmonella spp. were present in 7.4% of U.S. market oysters, with the majority (78/101) of isolates being of the Salmonella enterica Newport serovar. E-tests were performed to assess the susceptibility of the S. Newport oyster isolates to antibiotics used for treatment of Salmonella infections. The oyster isolates were susceptible to Gentamicin, Trimethoprim/Sulphamethoxazole, and Ciprofloxacin, while for the most part they were resistant to Ampicillin and Tetracycline. Consistent with the uniform antibiotic susceptibility profile of these isolates, only three pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profiles were identified among the isolates. Of these three profiles, one was present in 63 of the 78 isolates, indicating not only the presence of S. Newport in oysters, but the predominance of a single PFGE type.}, number={1}, journal={Foodborne Pathogens and Disease}, publisher={Mary Ann Liebert Inc}, author={Brands, Danielle A. and Billington, Stephen J. and Levine, Jay F. and Joens, Lynn A.}, year={2005}, month={Mar}, pages={111–114} } @inproceedings{shivappa_kozlowicz_corsin_levine_2005, title={In vitro Sensitivity and Specificity Analysis of Spring Viremia of Carp Virus Diagnostic Tests}, author={Shivappa, R. and Kozlowicz, S. and Corsin, F. and Levine, JF}, year={2005}, month={Jun} } @article{brands_inman_gerba_mare_billington_saif_levine_joens_2005, title={Prevalence of Salmonella spp. in oysters in the United States}, volume={71}, ISSN={["1098-5336"]}, DOI={10.1128/AEM.71.2.893-897.2005}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT}, number={2}, journal={APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY}, author={Brands, DA and Inman, AE and Gerba, CP and Mare, CJ and Billington, SJ and Saif, LA and Levine, JF and Joens, LA}, year={2005}, month={Feb}, pages={893–897} } @article{gustafson_stoskopf_showers_cope_eads_linnehan_kwak_andersen_levine_2005, title={Reference ranges for hemolymph chemistries from Elliptio complanata of North Carolina}, volume={65}, ISSN={["1616-1580"]}, DOI={10.3354/dao065167}, abstractNote={Hemolymph chemistries may be useful nonlethal measures of bivalve health. The prognostic value of hemolymph, however, depends on a comparison of chemistry results to reference ranges from healthy individuals. Currently, knowledge of expected hemolymph values in healthy and unhealthy freshwater mussels is extremely limited. The purpose of this study was to develop a set of reference ranges for clinical evaluation of hemolymph from a freshwater mussel species common to southeastern USA. We collected hemolymph from 380 Elliptio complanata from 19 apparently healthy populations from northwest of Raleigh, North Carolina, during May through July 2001. We present reference ranges for hemolymph parameters ammonia, glucose, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), bicarbonate, protein and cell count, and for tissue glycogen. We compare the subpopulations of mussels from regions with an agricultural riparian buffer to those surrounded predominantly by forested lands. We further present correlations noted between hemolymph chemistries and physical or physiologic parameters. The only statistically significant differences between populations contiguous to agricultural and forested lands were in hemolymph calcium and glucose concentrations. Other statistically significant correlations identified were between gravidity and hemolymph protein concentration and tissue glycogen content, as well as between gravidity and parasite burden, and between shell length and hemolymph glucose, AST, calcium and bicarbonate concentrations. The results of this study will aid the interpretation of health measures from populations of E. complanata of similar geographic and seasonal origin.}, number={2}, journal={DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS}, author={Gustafson, LL and Stoskopf, MK and Showers, W and Cope, G and Eads, C and Linnehan, R and Kwak, TJ and Andersen, B and Levine, JF}, year={2005}, month={Jun}, pages={167–176} } @article{vaden_levine_lees_groman_grauer_forrester_2005, title={Renal biopsy: A retrospective study of methods and complications in 283 dogs and 65 cats}, volume={19}, ISSN={["1939-1676"]}, DOI={10.1892/0891-6640(2005)19[794:RBARSO]2.0.CO;2}, abstractNote={Renal biopsy often is required to establish a definitive diagnosis in dogs and cats with renal disease. In this retrospective study, we determined the complications of renal biopsy as well as factors that may be associated with development of complications and procurement of adequate renal biopsy specimens in 283 dogs and 65 cats. Data extracted from medical records at 4 institutions were evaluated using logistic regression. Proteinuria was the most common indication for renal biopsy in dogs. Complications were reported in 13.4 and 18.5% of dogs and cats, respectively. The most common complication was severe hemorrhage; hydronephrosis and death were uncommon. Dogs that developed complications after renal biopsy were more likely to have been 4 to < 7 years of age and > 9 years, to weigh < or = 5 kg, and to have serum creatinine concentrations > 5 mg/dL. The majority of biopsies from both dogs (87.6%) and cats (86.2%) were considered to be of satisfactory quality. Biopsies from dogs were more likely to be of high quality if they were obtained when the patient was under general anesthesia and more likely to contain only renal cortex if they were obtained by surgery. We concluded that renal biopsy is a relatively safe procedure, with a low frequency of severe complications. Hospital practices and patient variables have the potential to impact both the quality of the specimen obtained and the rate of complications.}, number={6}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE}, author={Vaden, SL and Levine, JE and Lees, GE and Groman, RP and Grauer, GE and Forrester, SD}, year={2005}, pages={794–801} } @inproceedings{shivappa_kozlowicz_rolland_levine_2005, title={Spring Viremia of Carp in the United States: Current Status and Diagnostics}, author={Shivappa, R. and Kozlowicz, S. and Rolland, J. and Levine, J.F.}, year={2005}, month={Oct} } @article{duncan_correa_levine_breitschwerdt_2005, title={The Dog as a Sentinel for Human Infection: Prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi C6 Antibodies in Dogs from Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic States}, volume={5}, ISSN={1530-3667 1557-7759}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2005.5.101}, DOI={10.1089/vbz.2005.5.101}, abstractNote={Lyme disease is the most frequently reported human vector-associated disease in the United States. Infection occurs after the bite of an Ixodid tick that is infected with Borrelia burgdorferi. Dogs have often been reported to serve as effective sentinel animals to assess the risk of human B. burgdorferi infection. Based on published data of human Lyme disease case numbers and our clinical impressions, we hypothesized that canine exposure to B. burgdorferi would be lower in North Carolina when compared to the exposure in Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. To address this hypothesis, we evaluated B. burgdorferi exposure status utilizing a specific and sensitive C6 peptide-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Our convenience sample included 1,666 canine serum samples submitted to the Vector-Borne Disease Diagnostic Laboratory from North Carolina (n = 987), Virginia (n = 472), Maryland (n = 167), and Pennsylvania (n = 40). Comparisons among states were made using the Chisquare test or the Fisher's exact test; p-values were adjusted for multiple comparisons using the Bonferroni correction. A Chi-square test for trend was used to determine if there was an increase in the frequency of seroreactors associated with the geographical origin of the samples. The proportion of seroreactive dogs in North Carolina was markedly lower (p < 0.008) than that observed in dogs from Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. These results support the hypothesis that B. burgdorferi transmission seems to occur infrequently in North Carolina dogs as compared to dogs residing in other southeastern and mid-Atlantic states. Furthermore, they support the utility of dogs as a sentinel to characterize the risk of B. burgdorferi transmission to humans in a defined geographical location.}, number={2}, journal={Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases}, publisher={Mary Ann Liebert Inc}, author={Duncan, Ashlee W. and Correa, Maria T. and Levine, Jay F. and Breitschwerdt, Edward B.}, year={2005}, month={Jun}, pages={101–109} } @misc{levine_2004, title={Aquatic Animal Epidemiology and Conservation Genomics}, author={Levine, J.F.}, year={2004} } @inproceedings{patterson_mumford_evered_brunson_levine_winton_2004, title={Comparison Of Individual Animal And Pooled Sampling Strategies For Detecting Bacterial Pathogens In Fish For Inspection Purposes}, author={Patterson, C and Mumford, S and Evered, J and Brunson, R and Levine, Jf and Winton, J}, year={2004}, month={Jun} } @inproceedings{shivappa_corsin_levine_2004, title={Critical Factors for the Establishment of Biosafety Level-3 Aquaria}, author={Shivappa, R.B. and Corsin, F. and Levine, J.F.}, year={2004}, month={Mar} } @inproceedings{huy_kennedy-stoskopf_levine_brown_2004, title={Endocrine characteristics Of female Pallasf Cats Maintenance Under Artificial Lighting}, author={Huy, A. and Kennedy-Stoskopf, S. and Levine, J.F. and Brown, J.}, year={2004}, month={Apr} } @inproceedings{levine_raley_bogan_2004, title={Hemolymph as an Alternative Source Of DNA For Genetic Investigations In Freshwater Mussels}, author={Levine, J.F. and Raley, ME and Bogan, AE}, year={2004}, month={Jun} } @article{pressler_mohammadian_li_vaden_levine_mathews_robertson_2004, title={In vitro prediction of canine urolith mineral composition using computed tomographic mean beam attenuation measurements}, volume={45}, ISSN={1058-8183 1740-8261}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8261.2004.04032.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1740-8261.2004.04032.x}, abstractNote={Determination of urolith mineral composition is critical for management of urolithiasis in dogs and cats. Using computed tomography, urolith physical density, and hence chemical composition, can be quantified using mean beam attenuation measurements (Hounsfield units; HU). This study was designed to establish in vitro reference ranges for three types of compositionally pure uroliths retrieved from dogs. Sixty‐six canine uroliths (22 uric acid, 21 calcium oxalate, 14 struvite, nine mixed or compound) were placed in a phantom array. Uroliths were scanned at 120 kVp, 200 mA, and 80 kVp, 200 mA. The region of interest (ROI) for mean HU calculation was determined using two techniques, and reference ranges were calculated for each kVp using either ROI technique. HU for urolith types of pure composition were statistically different (Wilcoxon's two‐sample test, P<0.0083 [Bonferonni correction with six comparisons for total P<0.05]) using both ROI techniques at either kVp. Struvite uroliths were not statistically different from mixed or compound uroliths. The accuracy for determination of composition of pure uroliths ranged from 86% to 93%; the prediction accuracy for each urolith mineral type and for all uroliths in general was highest when the ROI was hand‐drawn just within the visible urolith border at 80 kVp. Technique of ROI determination and kVp that yielded the highest sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values varied for each urolith type. Therefore, in this study, HU could be used to differentiate three types of uroliths of pure mineral composition in vitro. Further studies are needed to determine the predictive value of HU in vivo.}, number={3}, journal={Veterinary Radiology Ultrasound}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Pressler, Barrak M. and Mohammadian, Lenore A. and Li, Erning and Vaden, Shelly L. and Levine, Jay F. and Mathews, Kyle G. and Robertson, Ian D.}, year={2004}, month={May}, pages={189–197} } @article{hanlon_levine_2004, title={Notes on the life history and demographics of the savannah lilliput (Toxolasma pullus) (Bivalvia : Unionidae) in University Lake, NC}, volume={3}, ISSN={["1528-7092"]}, DOI={10.1656/1528-7092(2004)003[0289:NOTLHA]2.0.CO;2}, abstractNote={Abstract The savannah lilliput (Toxolasma pullus, Bivalvia: Unionidae) is the only member of its genus represented along the mid-Atlantic slope. The rarity, limited range, and declining status of this species have caused concern among resource managers for its conservation. Little is known about the life history of T. pullus; such information is necessary for recovery of the species. We conducted a fish host trial and examined population demographics of T. pullus from University Lake, NC. Toxolasma pullus appears to be a long-term brooder, brooding into August. Hybrid bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus × L. cyanellus) are suitable hosts for T. pullus, however, other Lepomis species may also serve as hosts. The sex ratio of the population was 1:1. Most specimens of T. pullus were between 4 and 6 years old; the oldest specimen was 9 years of age. Predation by muskrats and raccoons may be an important source of mortality in University Lake.}, number={2}, journal={SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST}, author={Hanlon, SD and Levine, JF}, year={2004}, pages={289–296} } @article{johansson_gardner_levine_papich_lafevers_goldman_sheets_atkins_2004, title={Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of furosemide after oral administration to horses}, volume={18}, ISSN={["1939-1676"]}, DOI={10.1892/0891-6640(2004)18<739:PAPOFA>2.0.CO;2}, abstractNote={Furosemide is the most common diuretic drug used in horses. Furosemide is routinely administered as IV or IM bolus doses 3-4 times a day. Administration PO is often suggested as an alternative, even though documentation of absorption and efficacy in horses is lacking. This study was carried out in a randomized, crossover design and compared 8-hour urine volume among control horses that received placebo, horses that received furosemide at 1 mg/kg PO, and horses that received furosemide at 1 mg/kg IV. Blood samples for analysis of plasma furosemide concentrations, PCV, and total solids were obtained at specific time points from treated horses. Furosemide concentrations were determined by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescent detection. Systemic availability of furosemide PO was poor, erratic, and variable among horses. Median systemic bioavailability was 5.4% (25th percentile, 75th percentile: 3.5, 9.6). Horses that received furosemide IV produced 7.4 L (7.1, 7.7) of urine over the 8-hour period. The maximum plasma concentration of 0.03 microg/mL after administration PO was not sufficient to increase urine volume compared with control horses (1.2 L [1.0, 1.4] PO versus 1.2 L [1.0, 1.4] control). There was a mild decrease in urine specific gravity within 1-2 hours after administration of furosemide PO, and urine specific gravity was significantly lower in horses treated with furosemide PO compared with control horses at the 2-hour time point. Systemic availability of furosemide PO was poor and variable. Furosemide at 1 mg/kg PO did not induce diuresis in horses.}, number={5}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE}, author={Johansson, AM and Gardner, SY and Levine, JF and Papich, MG and LaFevers, DH and Goldman, RB and Sheets, MK and Atkins, CE}, year={2004}, pages={739–743} } @article{nutter_levine_stoskopf_2004, title={Reproductive capacity of free-roaming domestic cats and kitten survival rate}, volume={225}, ISSN={0003-1488}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.2004.225.1399}, DOI={10.2460/javma.2004.225.1399}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={9}, journal={Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association}, publisher={American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)}, author={Nutter, Felicia B. and Levine, Jay F. and Stoskopf, Michael K.}, year={2004}, month={Nov}, pages={1399–1402} } @article{nutter_dubey_levine_breitschwerdt_ford_stoskopf_2004, title={Seroprevalences of antibodies against Bartonella henselae and Toxoplasma gondii and fecal shedding of Cryptosporidium spp, Giardia spp, and Toxocara catiin feral and pet domestic cats}, volume={225}, ISSN={0003-1488}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.2004.225.1394}, DOI={10.2460/javma.2004.225.1394}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={9}, journal={Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association}, publisher={American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)}, author={Nutter, Felicia B. and Dubey, J. P. and Levine, Jay F. and Breitschwerdt, Edward B. and Ford, Richard B. and Stoskopf, Michael K.}, year={2004}, month={Nov}, pages={1394–1398} } @inproceedings{lewbart_harms_noga_levine_law_stoskopf_2004, title={The Current Status Of Veterinary Student Training (Related To Fish Medicine)}, booktitle={International Association of Aquatic Animal Medicine}, author={Lewbart, G.A. and Harms, C.A. and Noga, E.J. and Levine, J.F. and Law, M. and Stoskopf, M.K.}, year={2004}, month={Apr} } @article{duncan_correa_levine_breitschwerdt_2004, title={The Dog as a Sentinel for Human Infection: Prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi C6 Antibodies in Dogs from Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic States}, volume={4}, ISSN={1530-3667 1557-7759}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2004.4.221}, DOI={10.1089/vbz.2004.4.221}, abstractNote={Lyme disease is the most frequently reported human vector-associated disease in the United States. Infection occurs after the bite of an Ixodid tick that is infected with Borrelia burgdorferi. Dogs have often been reported to serve as effective sentinel animals to assess the risk of human B. burgdorferi infection. Based on published data of human Lyme disease case numbers and our clinical impressions, we hypothesized that canine exposure to B. burgdorferi would be lower in North Carolina when compared to the exposure in Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. To address this hypothesis, we evaluated B. burgdorferi exposure status utilizing a specific and sensitive C6 peptide-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Our convenience sample included 1,666 canine serum samples submitted to the Vector Borne Disease Diagnostic Laboratory from North Carolina (n = 987), Virginia (n = 472), Maryland (n = 167), and Pennsylvania (n = 40). Comparisons among states were made using the Chi-square test or the Fisher's exact test; p-values were adjusted for multiple comparisons using the Bonferroni correction. A Chi-square test for trend was used to determine if there was an increase in the frequency of seroreactors associated with the geographical origin of the samples. The proportion of seroreactive dogs in North Carolina was markedly lower (p < 0.008) than that observed in dogs from Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. These results support the hypothesis that B. burgdorferi transmission seems to occur infrequently in North Carolina dogs as compared to dogs residing in other southeastern and mid-Atlantic states. Furthermore, they support the utility of dogs as a sentinel to characterize the risk of B. burgdorferi transmission to humans in a defined geographical location.}, number={3}, journal={Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases}, publisher={Mary Ann Liebert Inc}, author={Duncan, Ashlee W. and Correa, Maria T. and Levine, Jay F. and Breitschwerdt, Edward B.}, year={2004}, month={Sep}, pages={221–229} } @inproceedings{bogan_hoeh_araujo_raley_curole_wade_huang_levine_2004, title={The Margaritiferidae Again Revisited: a Test of Smith (2001)}, author={Bogan, A.E. and Hoeh, W.R. and Araujo, R. and Raley, M.E. and Curole, J. and Wade, D.E. and Huang, Y.Y. and Levine, J.F.}, year={2004} } @article{nutter_stoskopf_levine_2004, title={Time and financial costs of programs for live trapping feral cats}, volume={225}, ISSN={0003-1488}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.2004.225.1403}, DOI={10.2460/javma.2004.225.1403}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={9}, journal={Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association}, publisher={American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)}, author={Nutter, Felicia B. and Stoskopf, Michael K. and Levine, Jay F.}, year={2004}, month={Nov}, pages={1403–1405} } @article{shivappa_kozlowicz_levine_2004, title={Viral diseases of ornamental carp in the US}, volume={7}, journal={Global Aquaculture Advocate}, author={Shivappa, R. and Kozlowicz, S. and Levine, JF}, year={2004}, pages={88–89} } @inproceedings{porter-spalding_kaneene_stoskopf_pollack_levine_2003, title={A Survey of Farmers at the Livestock/Wildlife Interface During an Outbreak of Mycobacterium bovis in Northeastern Michigan}, author={Porter-Spalding, BA and Kaneene, Jb and Stoskopf, S and Pollack, K and Levine, J}, year={2003}, month={Nov} } @inproceedings{bogan_raley_morrison_hoeh_king_levine_2003, title={A preliminary phylogeny of the Anodontinae (Bivalvia, Unionidae)}, author={Bogan, A.E. and Raley, M.E. and Morrison, C.L. and Hoeh, W.R. and King, T.L. and Levine, J.F.}, year={2003}, month={Aug} } @inbook{levine_2003, place={Ames, Iowa}, title={Aquaculture and Pre-Harvest Food Safety}, ISBN={9780470752616 9780813814957}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470752616.ch37}, DOI={10.1002/9780470752616.ch37}, abstractNote={This chapter contains section titled: INTRODUCTION THE SEAFOOD INDUSTRY COMMERCIAL FISHING AQUACULTURE SEAFOOD SAFETY CONCERNS SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS}, booktitle={Microbial Food Safety in Animal Agriculture: Current Topics}, publisher={Iowa State Press}, author={Levine, Jay F.}, editor={Torrence, Mary E. and Isaacson, Richard E.Editors}, year={2003}, pages={369–396} } @inproceedings{shea_cope_lazaro_eads_levine_gustafson_stoskopf_2003, title={Assessment of Contaminants in Highway Runoff on the Health of Freshwater Mussels in North Carolina Streams}, author={Shea, D. and Cope, W.G. and Lazaro, P.R. and Eads, C.B. and Levine, J.F. and Gustafson, L.L. and Stoskopf, M.K.}, year={2003}, month={Mar} } @article{comparison of the cardiorespiratory effects of medetomidine-butorphanol-ketamine and medetomidine-butorphanol-midazolam in patas monkeys (erythrocebus patas)_2003, volume={34}, ISSN={1042-7260}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1638/1042-7260(2003)34[0047:cotceo]2.0.co;2}, DOI={10.1638/1042-7260(2003)34[0047:cotceo]2.0.co;2}, abstractNote={Abstract The cardiorespiratory effects, effectiveness, and reversibility of two injectable anesthetic combinations were compared in captive patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas). Seven patas monkeys were hand-injected with medetomidine (40 μg/kg, i.m.), butorphanol (0.4 mg/kg, i.m.), and ketamine (3.0 mg/kg, i.m.), and seven were injected with the same dosages of medetomidine and butorphanol plus midazolam (0.3 mg/kg, i.m.). Heart rates decreased in monkeys in both treatment groups and were lower than those previously recorded in patas monkeys anesthetized with either ketamine or ketamine and isoflurane. Mean arterial pressures were highest in ketamine-treated monkeys but remained within normal limits for both groups. End tidal CO2 values increased gradually over time in both groups and were above physiologic norms after 20 min. Respiratory rates were similar between groups and remained constant throughout the procedures. Despite adequate ventilation parameters, initial low percent oxygen-hemoglobin saturation (SpO2) values were suggestive of severe hypoxemia. It was not clear whether these were accurate readings or an artifact of medetomidine-induced peripheral vasoconstriction. Oxygen supplementation restored SpO2 values to normal (>94%) in both groups. Both combinations effectively produced a state of light anesthesia, although spontaneous recoveries occurred after 30 min in three ketamine-treated monkeys. All monkeys were given i.m. atipamezole (0.2 mg/kg) and naloxone (0.02 mg/kg), whereas midazolam-treated monkeys also received flumazenil (0.02 mg/kg, i.v.), which resulted in faster (median recovery time = 5 min) and more complete recoveries in this group. Both combinations are safe to use when supplemented with oxygen, although the midazolam combination provided a longer anesthetic period and was more fully reversible.}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine}, publisher={American Association of Zoo Veterinarians}, year={2003}, month={Mar}, pages={47–52} } @article{kalema-zikusoka_horne_levine_loomis_2003, title={Comparison of the cardiorespiratory effects of medetomidine- butorphanol-ketamine and medetomidine-butorphanol-midazolam in patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas)}, volume={34}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine}, author={Kalema-Zikusoka, G. and Horne, W. A. and Levine, J. and Loomis, M. R.}, year={2003}, pages={47–52} } @article{williams_glenn_levine_horne_2003, title={Comparison of the efficacy and cardiorespiratory effects of medetomidine-based anesthetic protocols in ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta)}, volume={34}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine}, author={Williams, C. V. and Glenn, K. M. and Levine, J. F. and Horne, W. A.}, year={2003}, pages={163–170} } @inproceedings{bogan_raley_levine_2003, title={Conservation status of the magnificent Ramshorn (Planorbella magnifica) (Pilsbry,1903), endemic to the lower Cape Fear River Basin, North Carolina (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Planorbidae)}, author={Bogan, A.E. and Raley, M.E. and Levine, J.F.}, year={2003}, month={Aug} } @book{levine_bogan_pollock_devine_russell_2003, title={Distribution of Freshwater Mussel Populations in Relationship to Crossing Structures}, number={HWY-2003-02}, institution={NC. Department of Transportation}, author={Levine, J.F. and Bogan, A. and Pollock, K. and Devine, H. and Russell, P.P.}, year={2003}, month={Nov} } @inproceedings{anderson_eads_devine_levine_2003, title={Effects of Land Use and Land Cover On Freshwater Mussel Populations in the Upper Neuse River Basin, NC: A GIS Approach}, author={Anderson, E.F. and Eads, C. and Devine, H.A. and Levine, J.F.}, year={2003}, month={Mar} } @inproceedings{eads_russel_savidge_pollock_bogan_levine_2003, title={Effects of Road-Crossings on Freshwater Mussels in North Carolina Piedmont Streams}, author={Eads, C.B. and Russel, P.P. and Savidge, T. and Pollock, K.H. and Bogan, A.E. and Levine, J.F.}, year={2003}, month={Mar} } @article{bull_kennedy-stoskopf_levine_loomis_gebhard_tompkins_2003, title={Evaluation of T lymphocytes in captive African lions (Panthera leo) infected with feline immunodeficiency virus}, volume={64}, ISSN={["0002-9645"]}, DOI={10.2460/ajvr.2003.64.1293}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={10}, journal={AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH}, author={Bull, ME and Kennedy-Stoskopf, S and Levine, JF and Loomis, M and Gebhard, DG and Tompkins, WAF}, year={2003}, month={Oct}, pages={1293–1300} } @article{johansson_gardner_levine_papich_lafevers_fuquay_reagan_atkins_2003, title={Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: Evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects}, volume={17}, ISSN={["1939-1676"]}, DOI={10.1892/0891-6640(2003)017<0887:FCRIIT>2.3.CO;2}, abstractNote={Journal of Veterinary Internal MedicineVolume 17, Issue 6 p. 887-895 Open Access Furosemide Continuous Rate Infusion in the Horse: Evaluation of Enhanced Efficacy and Reduced Side Effects Anna M. Johansson, Anna M. Johansson Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NCSearch for more papers by this authorSarah Y. Gardner, Corresponding Author Sarah Y. Gardner Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC DVM, PhD, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hillsborough Street 4700, Raleigh, NC 27606; e-mail: [email protected].Search for more papers by this authorJay F. Levine, Jay F. Levine Department of Farm Animal Health and Resource Management, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NCSearch for more papers by this authorMark G. Papich, Mark G. Papich Department of Anatomy, Physiological Sciences, and Radiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NCSearch for more papers by this authorVirginia H. Reagan, Virginia H. Reagan Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NCSearch for more papers by this authorClarke E. Atkins, Clarke E. Atkins Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NCSearch for more papers by this author Anna M. Johansson, Anna M. Johansson Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NCSearch for more papers by this authorSarah Y. Gardner, Corresponding Author Sarah Y. Gardner Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC DVM, PhD, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hillsborough Street 4700, Raleigh, NC 27606; e-mail: [email protected].Search for more papers by this authorJay F. Levine, Jay F. Levine Department of Farm Animal Health and Resource Management, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NCSearch for more papers by this authorMark G. Papich, Mark G. Papich Department of Anatomy, Physiological Sciences, and Radiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NCSearch for more papers by this authorVirginia H. Reagan, Virginia H. Reagan Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NCSearch for more papers by this authorClarke E. Atkins, Clarke E. Atkins Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NCSearch for more papers by this author First published: 28 June 2008 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2003.tb02529.xCitations: 32AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Abstract Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1,110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2,378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. References 1 Jackson EK. Diuretics. In: JG Hardman, LE Limbird, PB Molinoff, RW Ruddon, AG Gilman, eds. Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. New York , NY : The McGraw-Hills Companies; 1995: 685–715. Web of Science®Google Scholar 2 Rose BD. Diuretics. Kidney Int 1991; 39: 336–352. 10.1038/ki.1991.43 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 3 Tobin T, Roberts BL, Swerczek TW, et al. The pharmacology of furosemide in the horse. III. Dose and time response relationships, effects of repeated dosing, and performance effects. J Equine Med Surg 1978; 2: 216–226. CASWeb of Science®Google Scholar 4 Hinchcliff KW, McKeever KH, Muir WW, 3rd. Furosemide-in-duced changes in plasma and blood volume of horses. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 1991; 14: 411–417. 10.1111/j.1365-2885.1991.tb00855.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 5 Muir WW, McGuirk SM. Pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of drugs used to treat cardiac disease in horses. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 1985; 1: 335–352. 10.1016/S0749-0739(17)30759-9 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 6 Muir WW, Kohn CW, Sams R. Effects of furosemide on plasma volume and extracellular fluid volume in horses. Am J Vet Res 1978; 39: 1688–1691. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 7 Freestone JF, Carlson GP, Harrold DR, et al. Influence of furo-semide treatment on fluid and electrolyte balance in horses. Am J Vet Res 1988; 49: 1899–1902. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 8 Van Meyel JJ, Smits P, Russel FG, et al. Diuretic efficiency of furosemide during continuous administration versus bolus injection in healthy volunteers. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1992; 51: 440–444. 10.1038/clpt.1992.44 PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 9 Lahav M, Regev A, Ra'anani P, et al. Intermittent administration of furosemide vs continuous infusion preceded by a loading dose for congestive heart failure. Chest 1992; 102: 725–731. 10.1378/chest.102.3.725 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 10 Acara MA. Renal pharmacology–Diuresis. In: CM Smith, AM Reynard, eds. Textbook of Pharmacology. Philadelphia , PA : WB Saunders Company; 1992: 554–588. Google Scholar 11 Baggot JD. The pharmacological basis of cardiac drug selection for use in horses. Equine Vet J Suppl 1995: 97–100. CASPubMedGoogle Scholar 12 Guthrie GP Jr, Cecil SG, Darden ED, et al. Dynamics of renin and aldosterone in the thoroughbred horse. Gen Comp Endocrinol 1982; 48: 296–299. 10.1016/0016-6480(82)90140-X CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 13 Lee MG, Li T, Chiou WL. Effect of intravenous infusion time on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the same total dose of furosemide. Biopharm Drug Dispos 1986; 7: 537–547. 10.1002/bdd.2510070603 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 14 Pivac N, Rumboldt Z, Sardelic S, et al. Diuretic effects of fu-rosemide infusion versus bolus injection in congestive heart failure. Int J Clin Pharmacol Res 1998; 18: 121–128. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 15 Yelton SL, Gaylor MA, Murray KM. The role of continuous infusion loop diuretics. Ann Pharmacother 1995; 29: 1010–1014; quiz 1060–1011. 10.1177/106002809502901011 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 16 Gwilt PR. Pharmacokinetics. In: CR Craig, RE Stitzel, eds. Modern Pharmacology. Boston , MA : Little, Brown and Company; 1990: 68–81. Google Scholar 17 Chay S, Woods WE, Rowse K, et al. The pharmacology of furosemide in the horse. V. Pharmacokinetics and blood levels of fu-rosemide after intravenous administration. Drug Metab Dispos 1983; 11: 226–231. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 18 Harrison MH. Effects on thermal stress and exercise on blood volume in humans. Physiol Rev 1985; 65: 149–209. 10.1152/physrev.1985.65.1.149 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 19 Yamaoka K, Nakagawa T, Uno T. Application of Akaike's information criterion (AIC) in the evaluation of linear pharmacokinetic equations. J Pharmacokinet Biopharm 1978; 6: 165–175. 10.1007/BF01117450 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 20 Campbell MJ, Machin D. Non-parametric tests. In: MJ Campbell, D Machin, eds. Medical Statistics–A Commonsense Approach, 3rd ed. Chichester , UK : John Wiley & Sons Ltd; 1999: 163–165. Web of Science®Google Scholar 21 Chennavasin P, Seiwell R, Brater DC, et al. Pharmacodynamic analysis of the furosemide-probenecid interaction in man. Kidney Int 1979; 16: 187–195. 10.1038/ki.1979.120 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 22 Kaojarern S, Day B, Brater DC. The time course of delivery of furosemide into urine: An independent determinant of overall response. Kidney Int 1982; 22: 69–74. 10.1038/ki.1982.134 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 23 Hammarlund MM, Odlind B, Paalzow LK. Acute tolerance to furosemide diuresis in humans. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1985; 233: 447–453. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 24 Streeten DH, Tomycz N, Anderson GH. Reliability of screening methods for the diagnosis of primary aldosteronism. Am J Med 1979; 67: 403–413. 10.1016/0002-9343(79)90786-1 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 25 Roberts BL, Blake JW, Tobin T. The pharmacology of furose-mide in the horse. II. Its detection, pharmacokinetics, and clearance from urine. J Equine Med Surg 1978; 2: 185–194. CASWeb of Science®Google Scholar Citing Literature Volume17, Issue6November 2003Pages 887-895 ReferencesRelatedInformation}, number={6}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE}, author={Johansson, AM and Gardner, SY and Levine, JF and Papich, MG and LaFevers, DH and Fuquay, LR and Reagan, VH and Atkins, CE}, year={2003}, pages={887–895} } @article{johansson_gardner_jones_fuquay_reagan_levine_2003, title={Hypomagnesemia in Hospitalized Horses}, volume={17}, ISSN={0891-6640 1939-1676}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2003.tb02526.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1939-1676.2003.tb02526.x}, abstractNote={This study was initiated to identify the signalment and clinical variables potentially associated with hypomagnesemia in horses evaluated at the North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine (NCSU‐CVM) veterinary teaching hospital between January 1999 and May 2001. A nested case reference study (nested case‐control study) was conducted to examine the potential relationship between hypomagnesemia and signalment, serum chemistry panel analyses, number of hospitalization days, discharge status, and diagnosis. A series of independent and multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the potential association of each variable with low total serum magnesium concentrations. Four hundred one of 823 (48.7%) horses had serum total magnesium concentrations below the normal reference range. Hypomagnesemia was more likely to occur in horses older than 1 month of age. Colic (odds ratio [OR]: 2.96, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 2.14–4.08), acute diarrhea (OR: 5.91, 95% CI: 2.32–15.06), other gastrointestinal disease (OR: 2.07, 95% CI: 1.15–3.71), infectious respiratory disease (OR: 5.07, 95% CI: 2.09–12.28), and multiorgan system disease (OR: 2.31, 95% CI: 1.24–4.28) were associated with hypomagnesemia in adult horses, whereas foals with diarrhea (excluding septic foals) (OR: 0.11, 95% CI: 0.01–0.84) were less likely to have hypomagne‐semia. Overall, there was no relationship between hypomagnesemia and mortality (OR: 1.00, 95% CI: 0.72–1.41), but horses with colic and hypomagnesemia were less likely to die than horses with colic and normal or high total magnesium (OR: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.30–0.95). Among horses that survived, hypomagnesemia at admission was associated with a longer hospitalization period (OR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.00–2.11).}, number={6}, journal={Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Johansson, AM and Gardner, SY and Jones, SL and Fuquay, LR and Reagan, VH and Levine, JF}, year={2003}, month={Nov}, pages={860–867} } @article{johansson_gardner_jones_fuquay_reagan_levine_2003, title={Hypomagnesemia in hospitalized horses}, volume={17}, ISSN={["1939-1676"]}, DOI={10.1892/0891-6640(2003)017<0860:HIHH>2.3.CO;2}, abstractNote={This study was initiated to identify the signalment and clinical variables potentially associated with hypomagnesemia in horses evaluated at the North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine (NCSU-CVM) veterinary teaching hospital between January 1999 and May 2001. A nested case reference study (nested case-control study) was conducted to examine the potential relationship between hypomagnesemia and signalment, serum chemistry panel analyses, number of hospitalization days, discharge status, and diagnosis. A series of independent and multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the potential association of each variable with low total serum magnesium concentrations. Four hundred one of 823 (48.7%) horses had serum total magnesium concentrations below the normal reference range. Hypomagnesemia was more likely to occur in horses older than 1 month of age. Colic (odds ratio [OR]: 2.96, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 2.14–4.08), acute diarrhea (OR: 5.91, 95% CI: 2.32–15.06), other gastrointestinal disease (OR: 2.07, 95% CI: 1.15–3.71), infectious respiratory disease (OR: 5.07, 95% CI: 2.09–12.28), and multiorgan system disease (OR: 2.31, 95% CI: 1.24–4.28) were associated with hypomagnesemia in adult horses, whereas foals with diarrhea (excluding septic foals) (OR: 0.11, 95% CI: 0.01–0.84) were less likely to have hypomagne-semia. Overall, there was no relationship between hypomagnesemia and mortality (OR: 1.00, 95% CI: 0.72–1.41), but horses with colic and hypomagnesemia were less likely to die than horses with colic and normal or high total magnesium (OR: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.30–0.95). Among horses that survived, hypomagnesemia at admission was associated with a longer hospitalization period (OR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.00–2.11).}, number={6}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE}, author={Johansson, AM and Gardner, SY and Jones, SL and Fuquay, LR and Reagan, VH and Levine, JF}, year={2003}, pages={860–867} } @article{olby_levine_harris_muñana_skeen_sharp_2003, title={Long-term functional outcome of dogs with severe injuries of the thoracolumbar spinal cord: 87 cases (1996–2001)}, volume={222}, ISSN={0003-1488}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.2003.222.762}, DOI={10.2460/javma.2003.222.762}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={6}, journal={Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association}, publisher={American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)}, author={Olby, Natasha and Levine, Jay and Harris, Tonya and Muñana, Karen and Skeen, Todd and Sharp, Nick}, year={2003}, month={Mar}, pages={762–769} } @inproceedings{debolt_eads_levine_lewbart_2003, title={North Carolina Eastern Box Turtles with Aural Abscesses and Upper Respiratory Disease}, author={Debolt, RK and Eads, C and Levine, Jf and Lewbart, Ga}, year={2003}, month={Apr} } @article{seguin_vaden_altier_stone_levine_2003, title={Persistent Urinary Tract Infections and Reinfections in 100 Dogs (1989-1999)}, volume={17}, ISSN={0891-6640 1939-1676}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2003.tb02492.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1939-1676.2003.tb02492.x}, abstractNote={A retrospective study was performed of 100 dogs with persistent urinary tract infections (UTIs) or reinfections presenting to the North Carolina State University (Raleigh, NC) Veterinary Teaching Hospital between 1989 and 1999. Criteria for selection included ≥ 2 positive urine cultures within a 6‐month period. Signalment, presence of predisposing disorders, urinalysis and urine culture results, and treatment strategies were extracted from the medical records. Dogs were a median age of 7 years when the UTI was 1st diagnosed. Dogs younger than 3 and older than 10 years were at increased and decreased risks, respectively, for reinfections or persistent UTIs. Spayed females were more common in the UTI population. More than half of the dogs were asymptomatic for a UTI at 1st presentation. Urine sediment examinations identified hematuria, pyuria, and bacteriuria in 47, 72, and 85% of the samples, respectively. The most commonly isolated organisms wereEscherichia coliandStreptococcus/Enterococcusspp.; multiple isolates also were common. Of the isolates, 29.5% were resistant to achievable serum concentrations of all antibiotics commonly prescribed for PO administration. Dogs with abnormal micturition were more likely to have infections by organisms resistant to commonly prescribed antibiotics. Potentially predisposing disorders were identified in 71 dogs. A correction of these disorders was accomplished in 35% of these 71 dogs. Dogs given standard antibiotic therapy without addressing predisposing disorders experienced poor control of their UTIs; 74.5% of these dogs had an apparent disease‐free interval (ADFI) of <8 weeks. By comparison, dogs in which predisposing disorders were corrected or those that were treated with low‐dose, long‐term antibiotic regimens subjectively had better control.}, number={5}, journal={Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Seguin, M. Alexis and Vaden, Shelly L. and Altier, Craig and Stone, Elizabeth and Levine, Jay F.}, year={2003}, month={Sep}, pages={622–631} } @article{seguin_vaden_altier_stone_levine_2003, title={Persistent urinary tract infections and reinfections in 100 dogs (1989-1999)}, volume={17}, ISSN={["0891-6640"]}, DOI={10.1892/0891-6640(2003)017<0622:PUTIAR>2.3.CO;2}, number={5}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE}, author={Seguin, MA and Vaden, SL and Altier, C and Stone, E and Levine, JF}, year={2003}, pages={622–631} } @inproceedings{alvarez-molina_raley_levine_2003, place={Raleigh}, title={Preliminary Results of Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) Sequencing for the Freshwater Mussel, Elliptio complanata (Lightfoot, 1786)}, author={Alvarez-Molina, R. and Raley, M. and Levine, JF}, year={2003}, month={Apr} } @inproceedings{gustafson_levine_showers_cope_eads_linnehan_kwak_anderson_stoskopf_2003, title={Reference Ranges for Hemolymph Chemistries from Elliptio complanata of North Carolina}, author={Gustafson, L.L. and Levine, J.F. and Showers, W. and Cope, W.G. and Eads, C.B. and Linnehan, R. and Kwak, T. and Anderson, E.F. and Stoskopf, M.K.}, year={2003}, month={Mar} } @inproceedings{raley_bogan_levine_2003, title={Search for Cryptic Species in the Paraphyletic Genus Lasmigona Rafinesque, 1831 (Mollusca, Bivalvia) Unionidae}, author={Raley, M.E. and Bogan, A.E. and Levine, J.F.}, year={2003}, month={Mar} } @inproceedings{brands_gerba_levine_saif_joens_2003, title={The Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Salmonella spp. in Oysters}, author={Brands, D.A. and Gerba, C and Levine, J.F. and Saif, L. and Joens, L.A.}, year={2003}, month={Nov} } @inproceedings{eads_bogan_levine_boyette_2003, title={The Use of Shell Thin-Sections to Determine Age and Growth of Villosa constricta in a North Carolina Stream}, author={Eads, C and Bogan, A and Levine, Jf and Boyette}, year={2003}, month={Mar} } @article{roberts_deen_johnson_levine_2003, title={Utilizing alternative indices to compare the conformance of market hogs across three packers}, volume={11}, number={6}, journal={Journal of Swine Health and Production}, author={Roberts, J. D. and Deen, J. and Johnson, T. and Levine, J. F.}, year={2003}, pages={284–290} } @inproceedings{molina_raley_bogan_levine_2003, title={What is the Appropriate Freshwater Mussel Tissue for DNA Analysis?}, author={Molina, R.A. and Raley, M. and Bogan, A. and Levine, J.F.}, year={2003}, month={Mar} } @inproceedings{porter-spalding_kennedy-stokopf_levine_2002, title={Baseline Landcover Analysis To Evaluate Risk Of Mycobacterium Bovis Transmission In White-Tailed Deer And Cattle In Northeastern Michigan}, author={Porter-Spalding, Keneene J. and Kennedy-Stokopf, S. and Levine, J.}, year={2002}, month={Apr} } @inproceedings{johansson_gardner_levine_papich_lafevers_goldman_sheets_atkins_2002, title={Furosemide Continuous Rate Infusion in the Horse}, author={Johansson, A.M. and Gardner, S.Y. and Levine, J.F. and Papich, M.G. and LaFevers, D.H. and Goldman, R.B. and Sheets, M.K. and Atkins, C.E.}, year={2002}, month={Apr} } @inproceedings{johnson_choi_harms_levine_law_2002, title={The Immunomodulatory Effects Of Triamcinolone On Peripheral Blood Phagocytosis And Tgf-b Mrna Expression In Hybrid Striped Bass}, author={Johnson, AK and Choi, K and Harms, Ca and Levine, Jf and Law, M}, year={2002}, month={Apr} } @inproceedings{molina_levine_hanlon_savidge_bogan_johnson_2001, place={Pittsburgh, PA}, title={A Method For Measuring Growth In Living Freshwater Mussels}, author={Molina, R. and Levine, J.F. and Hanlon, S. and Savidge, T. and Bogan, A. and Johnson, J.}, year={2001}, month={Mar} } @inproceedings{hanlon_levine_savidge_2001, title={Affects Of Flow On Juveniles Of Lampsilis Radiata Radiata Reared In An Indoor Recirculating Culture System}, author={Hanlon, S. and Levine, J.F. and Savidge, T.}, year={2001}, month={Mar} } @article{nagayama_komar_levine_biggerstaff_apperson_2001, title={Bunyavirus infections in North Carolina white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus)}, volume={1}, number={2}, journal={Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases (Larchmont, N.Y.)}, author={Nagayama, J. N. and Komar, N. and Levine, J. F. and Biggerstaff, B. and Apperson, C. S.}, year={2001}, pages={169–172} } @inproceedings{tuttle_hanlon_levine_2001, title={Determination of Host Fish Species for the Propagation of Endangered Freshwater Mussels}, author={Tuttle, A. and Hanlon, S. and Levine, J.F.}, year={2001}, month={Mar} } @article{chittick_stoskopf_law_overstreet_levine_2001, title={Evaluation of potential health risks to Eastern Elliptio (Elliptio complanata) (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Unionida: Unionidae) and implications for sympatric endangered freshwater mussel species}, volume={9}, ISBN={1386-1980}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Aquatic Ecosystem Stress and Recovery}, author={Chittick, B. and Stoskopf, M. and Law, M. and Overstreet, R. and Levine, J.}, year={2001}, pages={35} } @article{chittick_stoskopf_heil_levine_law_2001, title={Evaluation of sandbar shiner as a surrogate for assessing health risks to the endangered Cape Fear shiner}, volume={13}, ISSN={["1548-8667"]}, DOI={10.1577/1548-8667(2001)013<0086:EOSSAA>2.0.CO;2}, abstractNote={Abstract The health status of the endangered Cape Fear shiner Notropis mekistocholas and the suitability of using the sympatric sandbar shiner N. scepticus as an investigative surrogate were evaluated. Forty Cape Fear shiners from three sites and 50 sandbar shiners from five sites were examined. Findings on gill biopsies, fin biopsies, and skin scrapings were limited to low levels of parasitism and gill aneurysms. Eighty-three bacterial isolates representing 13 aerobic species were cultured from the gastrointestinal tracts. A picornavirus was isolated from one pooled sample of sandbar shiners at one site. Forty-three percent of shiners (12 Cape Fear shiners, 27 sandbar shiners) had granulomas in various tissues of the body, 26% (6 Cape Fear, 17 sandbar) had encysted trematodes, 16% (2 Cape Fear, 12 sandbar) had protozoal aggregates in muscle or connective tissue, and 26% (22 Cape Fear shiners, 1 sandbar shiner) had mild, moderate, or moderately severe hepatic vacuolization. Other microscopic lesions inclu...}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH}, author={Chittick, B and Stoskopf, M and Heil, N and Levine, J and Law, M}, year={2001}, month={Jun}, pages={86–95} } @book{levine_hanlon_2001, title={Freshwater mussels of North Carolina}, author={Levine, J.F. and Hanlon, S.}, year={2001} } @book{levine_hanlon_2001, place={Raleigh, NC}, title={Freshwater mussels: A learning resource and activity book}, publisher={N.C. Freshwater Mussel Conservation Partnership}, author={Levine, J.F. and Hanlon, S.}, year={2001} } @inproceedings{gustafson_levine_bogan_showers_hanlon_stoskopf_2001, title={Hemolymph Collection in Elliptio complanata}, author={Gustafson, L. and Levine, J.F. and Bogan, A. and Showers, W. and Hanlon, S. and Stoskopf, M.}, year={2001}, month={Mar} } @article{levine_2001, title={Highway runoff effects on Freshwater Mussel Health}, journal={Centerline: Environmental Quarterly Newsletter}, publisher={NC Department of Transportation}, author={Levine, J.F.}, year={2001}, month={Oct}, pages={7} } @inproceedings{gustafson_levine_bogan_showers_hanlon_stoskopf_2001, title={Nonlethal Hemolymph Collection for Assessing Freshwater Mollusk Health}, author={Gustafson, L. and Levine, J.F. and Bogan, A. and Showers, W. and Hanlon, S. and Stoskopf, M.}, year={2001}, month={Mar} } @inproceedings{nutter_levine_stoskopf_2001, title={Population Dynamics in Neutered and Intact Feral Cat Colonies}, author={Nutter, F. and Levine, J.F. and Stoskopf, M.}, year={2001}, month={Mar} } @inproceedings{tlamka_pitts_levine_french_mare_joens_2001, title={Prevalence of Bacterial Food-borne Pathogens in Shellfish}, author={Tlamka, B. and Pitts, T. and Levine, J.F. and French, J.B. and Mare, CI and Joens, L.A.}, year={2001} } @book{levine_hanlon_bogan_2001, title={The Life Cycle of Freshwater Mussels}, author={Levine, J.F. and Hanlon, S and Bogan, A}, year={2001} } @inproceedings{law_choi_johnson_lehmann_pettengill_levine_harms_2001, title={Use of a Multitiered Approach to Assess Health Status of Coastal North Carolina Fish}, author={Law, J.M. and Choi, K.J. and Johnson, A.K. and Lehmann, D.W. and Pettengill, M. and Levine, J. and Harms, C}, year={2001}, month={Nov} } @misc{nutter_levine_stoskopf_2000, title={Adult and Kitten Survival Time of Feral Cats in Managed Colonies in Randolph County}, author={Nutter, F.B. and Levine, J.F. and Stoskopf, M.K.}, year={2000}, month={Jun} } @article{ryan_apperson_orndorff_levine_2000, title={Characterization of Lyme disease spirochetes isolated from ticks and vertebrates in North Carolina}, volume={36}, ISSN={["1943-3700"]}, DOI={10.7589/0090-3558-36.1.48}, abstractNote={Borrelia burgdorferi isolates obtained from numerous locations and from different hosts in North Carolina, were compared to previously characterized strains of the Lyme disease spirochete and other Borrelia spp. The spirochete isolates were confirmed to be B. burgdorferi sensu stricto based on immunofluorescence (IFA) using a monoclonal antibody to outer surface protein A (Osp A [H5332]) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using a species-specific nested primer for a conserved region of the gene that encodes for flagellin. In addition, the isolates tested positive in Western blots with species-specific monoclonal antibodies for outer surface protein A and OspB (84c), and the genus-specific, monoclonal antibody to flagellin (H9724). Infectivity studies with several of these isolates were conducted using Mus musculus and Oryzomys palustris and the isolates exhibited markedly different levels of infectivity. This study demonstrates that B. burgdorferi sensu stricto is present and naturally transmitted on the Outer Banks and in the Coastal Plain and Piedmont regions of North Carolina.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES}, author={Ryan, JR and Apperson, CS and Orndorff, PE and Levine, JF}, year={2000}, month={Jan}, pages={48–55} } @inproceedings{seguin_vaden_levine_stone_2000, title={Complicated Urinary Tract Infections In 100 Dogs: A Retrospective Study}, author={Seguin, A. and Vaden, S. and Levine, J. and Stone, E.}, year={2000}, month={May} } @inproceedings{tlamka_pitts_levine_french_mare_joens_2000, title={Prevalence of Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens in Shellfish}, author={Tlamka, B and Pitts, T and Levine, Jf and French, Je and Mare, Cj and Joens, La}, year={2000}, month={Dec} } @inproceedings{nutter_levine_stoskopf_1999, title={Preliminary Report on Adult and Kitten Survival Time or Feral Cats in Managed Colonies in Randolph County}, author={Nutter, F.B. and Levine, JF and Stoskopf, M}, year={1999}, month={Aug} } @book{hargett_levine_1999, title={Wilson Bay Water Quality Initiative}, institution={NC Clean Water Management Trust Fund}, author={Hargett, G. and Levine, J.F.}, year={1999} } @article{ryan_levine_apperson_lubke_wirtz_spears_orndorff_1998, title={An experimental chain of infection reveals that distinct Borrelia burgdorferi populations are selected in arthropod and mammalian hosts}, volume={30}, ISSN={["1365-2958"]}, DOI={10.1046/j.1365-2958.1998.01071.x}, abstractNote={The prokaryotic, spirochaetal microorganism Borrelia burgdorferi is the causative agent of Lyme disease, an arthropod‐borne disease of a variety of vertebrates and the most prevalent arthropod‐borne disease of humans in the United States. In order to understand better the normal life cycle of B. burgdorferi, an experimental chain of infection was devised that involved multiple sequential arthropod and mammalian passages. By examining populations of B. burgdorferi emerging from different points in this infectious chain, we demonstrate that selection of B. burgdorferi populations peculiar to arthropod or vertebrate hosts is a property of at least one of the two ecologically distinct strains we examined. Distinct B. burgdorferi populations were identified using an antigenic profile, defined by a set of monoclonal antibodies to eight B. burgdorferi antigens, and a plasmid profile, defined by the naturally occurring plasmids in the starting clonal populations. These two profiles constituted the phenotypical signature of the population. In the strain exhibiting selection in the different hosts, transition from one host to another produced a striking series of alternating phenotypical signatures down the chain of infection. At the molecular level, the alternating signatures were manifested as a reciprocal relationship between the expression of certain antigenic forms of outer surface protein (Osp) B and OspC. In the case of OspC, the antigenic changes could be correlated to the presence of one of two distinctly different alleles of the ospC gene in a full‐length and presumably transcriptionally active state. In the case of OspB, two alleles were again identified. However, their differences were minor and their relationship to OspB antigenic variation more complicated. In addition to the reciprocating changes in the antigenic profile, a reciprocating change in the size (probably the multimeric state) of a 9.0 kbp supercoiled plasmid was also noted. Selection of distinct populations in the tick may be responsible for the microorganism's ability to infect a wide range of vertebrate hosts efficiently, in that the tick might provide selective pressure for the elimination of the population selected in the previous host.}, number={2}, journal={MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY}, author={Ryan, JR and Levine, JF and Apperson, CS and Lubke, L and Wirtz, RA and Spears, PA and Orndorff, PE}, year={1998}, month={Oct}, pages={365–379} } @article{colbert_stoskopf_brownie_scott_levine_1998, title={Anatomic site and interanimal variability in morphologic characteristics of bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) skin likely to affect dermal absorption studies}, volume={59}, number={11}, journal={American Journal of Veterinary Research}, author={Colbert, A. A. and Stoskopf, M. and Brownie, C. and Scott, G. I. and Levine, J.}, year={1998}, pages={1398–1403} } @article{nutter_levine_stoskopf_gamble_dubey_1998, title={Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Trichinella spiralis in North Carolina black bears (Ursus americanus)}, volume={84}, ISSN={["0022-3395"]}, DOI={10.2307/3284644}, abstractNote={Serum samples from 143 hunter-killed black bears were collected during the 1996 and 1997 black bear hunting seasons in eastern North Carolina. All samples were tested for antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii by the modified agglutination test. Antibodies to T. gondii were present in 120 of 143 (84%) bears. Females had significantly higher titers than males (Wilcoxon rank sums test, P = 0.045), and titers increased with age (Jonckheere test, P = 0.01). Samples collected during 1996 (n = 79) were tested for antibodies to Trichinella spiralis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. No samples were positive for antibodies to T. spiralis.}, number={5}, journal={JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY}, author={Nutter, FB and Levine, JF and Stoskopf, MK and Gamble, HR and Dubey, JP}, year={1998}, month={Oct}, pages={1048–1050} } @inproceedings{roberts_deen_levine_almond_1998, title={Shewhart Charting Applied to the Growth of Pig Populations}, author={Roberts, J. and Deen, J. and Levine, J.F. and Almond, G.W.}, year={1998} } @article{vaden_levine_breitschwerdt_1997, title={A Retrospective Case-Control of Acute Renal Failure in 99 Dogs}, volume={11}, ISSN={0891-6640 1939-1676}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.1997.tb00074.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1939-1676.1997.tb00074.x}, abstractNote={The objective of this study was to evaluate retrospectively demographic and clinicopathologic factors that may be associated with the diagnosis and outcome of acute renal failure (ARF) in dogs presented to a large referral hospital. Medical records of dogs presented to the hospital were searched for a diagnosis of ARF. The diagnosis of ARF was based on clinical signs, renal imaging findings, and clinicopathologic data and, in most cases, was confirmed by histopathology, prior serum creatinine concentrations, response to therapy, and known recent nephrotoxin exposure or ischemic event. Demographics, selected clinicopathologic findings, and concurrent disorders that may have been associated with development of ARF were extracted from these records. A reference population was derived from 481 dogs presenting to the same hospital. Demographic data also were collected from these medical records. The demographic factors associated with a diagnosis of ARF and the factors associated with outcome of ARF were assessed by reviewing a series of multiple logistic regression models. Conclusions from this study were as follows: (1) Intact male dogs and nonsporting dogs were more likely to develop ARF and be admitted to the teaching hospital. (2) Dogs with severe azotemia (serum creatinine concentration > 10 mg/dL), hypocalcemia (<8.6 mg/ dL), and proteinuria were less likely to survive ARF and be discharged from the hospital. (3) Dogs that survived in the hospital for more than 5 days were more likely to recover and be discharged from the hospital.}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Vaden, Shelly L. and Levine, Jay and Breitschwerdt, Edward B.}, year={1997}, month={Mar}, pages={58–64} } @inproceedings{stamper_epperly_cornish_lewbart_braun_boettcher_levine_correa_miller_colber_1997, title={Cooperative efforts between Veterinary Diagnostic Facility and Government Agencies in assessing two sea turtle stranding episodes}, author={Stamper, M.A. and Epperly, S. and Cornish, T. and Lewbart, G. and Braun, J. and Boettcher, R. and Levine, J.F. and Correa, M. and Miller, R. and Colber, A.}, year={1997}, month={Mar} } @article{tirard_grossfeld_levine_kennedy-stoskopf_1997, title={Effect of Osmotic Shock on Protein Synthesis of Oyster Hemocytes In Vitro}, volume={116}, ISSN={0300-9629}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0300-9629(96)00115-6}, DOI={10.1016/s0300-9629(96)00115-6}, abstractNote={Because marine bivalves are osmoconformers, their cells may be exposed to widely fluctuating osmolality in some habitats. In vitro studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of changes in salinity on protein synthesis of oyster hemocytes. Increasing salinity from a control value of 20–25 ppt to 32–98 ppt decreased the rate of incorporation of amino acid into protein, but did not qualitatively alter the pattern of protein synthesis. On the other hand, decreasing salinity to 3.5–4 ppt not only decreased the rate of protein synthesis, but also altered the types of protein produced. At least a third of the cells remained viable at low salinity and resumed the control pattern of protein synthesis within hours after return to the normal medium. The response to hypoosmotic shock was different from the response to a hyperthermic shock, each stressor inducing expression of a characteristic set of proteins. Preferential synthesis of these proteins may represent an adaptation to preserve or restore oyster cell functions under adverse conditions.}, number={1}, journal={Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Tirard, C.T and Grossfeld, R.M and Levine, J.F and Kennedy-Stoskopf, S}, year={1997}, month={Jan}, pages={43–49} } @article{kirkland_klimko_meriwether_schriefer_levin_levine_mackenzie_dennis_1997, title={Erythema migrans-like rash illness at a camp in North Carolina - A new tick-borne disease?}, volume={157}, ISSN={["0003-9926"]}, DOI={10.1001/archinte.157.22.2635}, number={22}, journal={ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE}, author={Kirkland, KB and Klimko, TB and Meriwether, RA and Schriefer, M and Levin, M and Levine, J and MacKenzie, WR and Dennis, DT}, year={1997}, month={Dec}, pages={2635–2641} } @article{levine_apperson_howard_washburn_braswell_1997, title={Lizards as Hosts for Immature Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) in North Carolina}, volume={34}, ISSN={1938-2928 0022-2585}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/34.6.594}, DOI={10.1093/jmedent/34.6.594}, abstractNote={Previously archived museum specimens of lizards collected throughout North Carolina were examined for Ixodes scapularis (Say). Lizards (n = 1,349) collected in 80 of North Carolina's 100 counties were examined. Lizards with ticks were collected in 23 (29%) of the 80 counties from which lizards were examined. I. scapularis was detected on 8.7% (n = 117) of the lizards and was the sole species of tick obtained from lizards. Immature ticks were most frequently found on the southeastern five-lined skink, Eumeces inexpectatus, and the eastern glass lizard, Ophisaurus ventralis. Larvae were most frequently found on the six-lined racerunner, Cnemidophorus sexlineatus. One C. sexlineatus harbored 177 larvae and 2 nymphs. Nymphs were most frequently observed on E. inexpectatus. The majority of counties (chi 2, P < 0.01) where ticks were found on lizards were in the Coastal Plain.}, number={6}, journal={Journal of Medical Entomology}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Levine, Jay F. and Apperson, Charles S. and Howard, Peter and Washburn, Michelle and Braswell, Alvin L.}, year={1997}, month={Nov}, pages={594–598} } @article{stoskopf_spelman_sumner_redmond_jochem_levine_1997, title={The impact of water temperature on core body temperature of North American river otters (Lutra canadensis) during simulated oil spill recovery washing protocols}, volume={28}, number={4 (Index iss.)}, journal={Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine}, author={Stoskopf, M. K. and Spelman, L. H. and Sumner, P. W. and Redmond, D. P. and Jochem, W. J. and Levine, J. F.}, year={1997}, pages={407–412} } @article{sellon_levine_palmer_millikin_grindem_covington_1997, title={Thrombocytosis in 24 Horses (1989-1994)}, volume={11}, ISSN={0891-6640 1939-1676}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.1997.tb00069.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1939-1676.1997.tb00069.x}, abstractNote={The records of horses presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine between January 1, 1989 and April 30, 1994 were evaluated to determine risk factors associated with thrombocytosis. Of the 2,346 horses for which a CBC was performed, 24 (1.0%) had a platelet count > 400,000/μL. Demographic, diagnostic, physical examination, and clinicopathologic variables from these cases were compared with a reference population consisting of 189 horses with a normal platelet count presenting during the same period. Infectious/inflammatory disorders were observed more commonly in horses with high platelet counts than in horses with normal platelet counts. Initial independent evaluation of demographic variables revealed that horses more than 3 years of age, females, and geldings were less likely to have thrombocytosis than were younger horses or stallions. Independent analysis of clinicopathologic variables revealed that horses with thrombocytosis were more likely to have hyper‐fibrinogenemia, leukocytosis, hypoproteinemia, and anemia than were horses with normal platelet counts. Physical examination parameters associated with thrombocytosis included tachycardia and pyrexia. In the final multivariable model, the variables with the strongest association with thrombocytosis included leukocytosis, anemia, and hyper‐fibrinogenemia. Thrombocytosis rarely causes clinical problems in horses and is not likely to require specific antiplatelet therapy. The strong association of thrombocytosis with infectious/inflammatory disorders, however, should lead clinicians to suspect these types of conditions in horses with high platelet counts.}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Sellon, Debra C. and Levine, Jay F. and Palmer, Kate and Millikin, Everett and Grindem, Carol and Covington, Patrice}, year={1997}, month={Jan}, pages={24–29} } @article{ouellette_apperson_howard_evans_levine_1997, title={Tick-raccoon associations and the potential for Lyme disease spirochete transmission in the coastal plain of North Carolina}, volume={33}, ISSN={["1943-3700"]}, DOI={10.7589/0090-3558-33.1.28}, abstractNote={Raccoons (Procyon lotor) were live-trapped and examined for ticks from July 1990 to July 1993 in the coastal plain of North Carolina on Marine Corps Base, Camp Lejeune, North Carolina (USA). Five species of ixodid ticks were found on 351 (78%) of 449 raccoons. Amblyomma americanum was the most abundant tick found on raccoons. Dermacentor variabilis, Ixodes texanus, and Ixodes scapularis were frequently collected, while Ixodes cookei were rarely collected from raccoons. Tick burdens were not affected by the age, sex, or trap location of captured raccoons. Ticks parasitizing raccoons had varying seasonal patterns of abundance. Amblyomma americanum were generally collected from raccoons year around, but infestation intensities were greatest in summer from June to September. Dermacentor variabilis adults were most abundant in mid-summer while peak numbers of larvae were collected in the fall. Infestation intensities of Ixodes texanus larvae were greatest in fall and winter months while nymphs were most abundant in winter and spring. No males were collected from raccoons, but females were most frequently collected in the spring and declined in abundance in the summer with no specimens collected in the fall or winter. Numbers of I. scapularis adults appeared to reach peak numbers in the fall while larvae and nymphs were most abundant on raccoons in winter. Spirochetes, Borrelia burgdorferi, were identified in a small percentage (0.2%) of host-seeking A. americanum nymphs and adults, and I. scapularis adults by immunofluorescent antibody assays. Similarly, a small percentage (1.9%) of host-associated A. americanum, D. variabilis, I. texanus and I. cookei contained B. burgdorferi. Borrelia burgdorferi spirochetes were cultured from the blood of 23 (26%) of 87 raccoons.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES}, author={Ouellette, J and Apperson, CS and Howard, P and Evans, TL and Levine, JF}, year={1997}, month={Jan}, pages={28–39} } @inproceedings{nutter_levine_stoskopf_1997, title={Toxoplasma and Trichinella in Hunter-Killed Black Bears (Ursus Americanus) from Eastern North Carolina}, author={Nutter, F and Levine, J. and Stoskopf, M}, year={1997}, month={Apr} } @article{vaden_gookin_trogdon_langston_levine_cowgill_1997, title={Use of carbamylated hemoglobin concentration to differentiate acute from chronic renal failure in dogs}, volume={58}, number={11}, journal={American Journal of Veterinary Research}, author={Vaden, S. L. and Gookin, Jody L. and Trogdon, Maureen M. and Langston, C. E. and Levine, J. and Cowgill, L. D.}, year={1997}, pages={1193–1196} } @article{levine_1996, title={Bird of Day by Night}, volume={208}, number={10}, journal={Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association}, author={Levine, J.F.}, year={1996}, month={May} } @article{norris_levine_menard_nakagaki_howard_apperson_1996, title={EXPERIMENTAL INFECTION OF THE RACCOON (PROCYON LOTOR) WITH BORRELIA BURGDORFERI}, volume={32}, ISSN={0090-3558}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-32.2.300}, DOI={10.7589/0090-3558-32.2.300}, abstractNote={The reservoir competence of the raccoon (Procyon lotor) for the Lyme disease spirochete (Borrelia burgdorferi) was evaluated in the laboratory during September 1991 to April 1993. Five raccoons were exposed to spirochete-infected (JD1 and Wisconsin 210 Wise strains) Ixodes scapularis nymphs (20/raccoon). A second feeding of spirochete-infected (Wisconsin 210 Wise strain) nymphs (20/raccoon) was performed with four of the original raccoons. Xenodiagnosis with cohorts of I. scapularis larvae (300/cohort) or nymphs (150/cohort) that were periodically placed on each animal was used to detect infection. We examined 1943 engorged ticks by a indirect immunofluorescence monoclonal antibody assay, but no spirochetes were detected. After exposure to spirochete-infected ticks, blood samples were collected at approximately weekly intervals and ear-skin biopsy samples were taken from each animal every third week. These tissues were placed in Barbour-Stoenner-Kelly media. Spirochetes were isolated in cultures of skin (wk 3, 5, 9, 81, and 83) and blood (wk 5, 8, 9, 11, and 12) of one raccoon and the skin (wk 28 and 31) of another raccoon. Antibody response of each animal was monitored through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and immunoblotting of blood serum against B. burgdorferi proteins. Except for one animal, raccoons did not have an antibody response until they were fed upon by a second cohort of infected I. scapularis nymphs. Based on Western blot analyses, raccoons exposed to B. burgdorferi via tick bite responded to the 31- (OspA) and 34-KDa (OspB) antigens. Response to other antigens varied among raccoons. Based on our results raccoons may be inefficient reservoirs for B. burgdorferi. Although some raccoons can become infected with B. burgdorferi, they may not transfer the infection to attached ticks.}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Wildlife Diseases}, publisher={Wildlife Disease Association}, author={Norris, Douglas E. and Levine, Jay F. and Menard, Monica and Nakagaki, Kazuhide and Howard, Peter and Apperson, Charles S.}, year={1996}, month={Apr}, pages={300–314} } @inbook{weeks-perkins_tompkins_jaynes_kennedy stoskopf_levine_perkins_1996, place={Fairhaven, NJ}, title={Effects of Peptidyl membrane interactive molecules on Crassostrea virginica hemocyte function and Perkinsus marinus viability}, booktitle={Conference on Modulators of the Immune Responses}, publisher={SOS Publications}, author={Weeks-Perkins, B.A. and Tompkins, W.A. and Jaynes, J.M. and Kennedy Stoskopf, S. and Levine, J.F. and Perkins, F.O.}, editor={Dolan, JSEditor}, year={1996} } @inbook{levine_1996, title={Foreward}, ISBN={0-7872-1508-2}, booktitle={Lyme Disease: A Sourcebook for Teaching about a major Environmental Health Problem}, author={Levine, J.F.}, editor={Anderson, N. and Stubbs, H.S.Editors}, year={1996} } @article{breitschwerdt_geoly_meuten_levine_howard_hegarty_stafford_1996, title={Myocarditis in mice and guinea pigs experimentally infected with a canine-origin Borrelia isolate from Florida}, volume={57}, number={4}, journal={American Journal of Veterinary Research}, author={Breitschwerdt, E. B. and Geoly, F. J. and Meuten, D. J. and Levine, J. F. and Howard, P. and Hegarty, B. C. and Stafford, L. C.}, year={1996}, pages={505–511} } @article{dawson_biggie_warner_cookson_jenkins_levine_olson_1996, title={Polymerase chain reaction evidence of ehrlichia chaffeensis, an agent of human ehrlichiosis, in dogs from Southeast Virginia}, volume={57}, journal={American Journal of Veterinary Research}, author={Dawson, J. E. and Biggie, K. L. and Warner, C. K. and Cookson, K. and Jenkins, S. and Levine, J. F. and Olson, J. G.}, year={1996}, pages={1175–1179} } @article{levin_yang_apperson_levine_howard_1996, title={Reservoir Competence of the Southeastern Five-Lined Skink (Eumeces inexpectatus) and the Green Anole (Anolis carolinensis) for Borrelia burgdorferi}, volume={54}, ISSN={0002-9637 1476-1645}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1996.54.92}, DOI={10.4269/ajtmh.1996.54.92}, abstractNote={The reservoir competence of two lizard species, the southeastern five-lined skink (Eumeces inexpectatus) and the green anole (Anolis carolinesis), for Borrelia burgdorferi was evaluated. Skinks and anoles were exposed by needle inoculation or tick bite to B. burgdorferi. Xenodiagnosis with larval Ixodes scapularis and culture of tissues were used to asses infection and the ability of infected lizards to infect attached ticks. Both lizard species were susceptible to B. burgdorferi by both routes of exposure. Xenodiagnostic ticks acquired spirochetes while feeding on both species. One tick that dropped from a skink on the ninth day after exposure was infected. The remainder of xenodiagnostic ticks that acquired spirochetes fed three weeks after exposure of the lizards to the spirochete. Lizards remained infectious to attached ticks for at least five weeks. Overall, more than 20% of xenodiagnostic larvae fed on southeastern five-lined skinks acquired spirochetes. Individual skinks infected up to 34% of attached ticks. A smaller proportion of ticks feeding on green anoles became infected. Borrelia burgdorferi recovered from infected lizards retained their infectivity for mammalian hosts. The ability of the lizards to sustain a Borrelia infection and infect attached ticks suggests that they may play a role in the maintenance of spirochete transmission.}, number={1}, journal={The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene}, publisher={American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene}, author={Levin, Michael and Yang, Sam and Apperson, Charles S. and Levine, Jay F. and Howard, Peter}, year={1996}, month={Jan}, pages={92–97} } @article{norris_levine_menard_nagagaki_howard_apperson_1996, title={Reservoir competence of raccoons (Procyon lotor) for Borrelia burgdorferi}, volume={32}, journal={Journal of Wildlife Diseases}, author={Norris, D. E. and Levine, J. F. and Menard, M. and Nagagaki, K. and Howard, P. and Apperson, C. S.}, year={1996}, pages={300–314} } @article{sellon_levine_millikin_palmer_covington_grindem_1996, title={Risk factors associated with thrombocytopenia in horses}, volume={10}, journal={Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine}, author={Sellon, D. C. and Levine, J. F. and Millikin, E. and Palmer, K. and Covington, P. and Grindem, C.}, year={1996}, pages={127–132} } @inproceedings{harned_newcomb_hudson_levine_1996, title={Salinity Variation in an Estuary Used for Oyster Cultivation in Southeastern North Carolina During the Passover of the Eye of Hurricane Bertha}, author={Harned, D. and Newcomb, DJ and Hudson, E.T. and Levine, J.F.}, year={1996}, month={Dec} } @article{sellon_levine_millikin_palmer_grindem_covington_1996, title={Thrombocytopenia in Horses: 35 Cases (1989-1994)}, volume={10}, ISSN={0891-6640 1939-1676}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.1996.tb02044.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1939-1676.1996.tb02044.x}, abstractNote={The records of 3,952 equine patients presenting to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital at North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine were evaluated to determine risk factors associated with thrombocytopenia. Of 2,346 horses from which a CBC was obtained, 35 (1.49%) were thrombocytopenic (platelet count < 75,000/μL). A reference population of 189 horses with normal platelet counts (75,000 to 300,000/μL) was also studied. Standardbred horses were at increased risk for thrombocytopenia. but age and gender were not identified as significant risk factors. Horses with infectious or inflammatory diseases were at increased risk for thrombocytopenia. The potential association of clinical and clinicopathologic factors with thrombocytopenia were assessed by reviewing a series of multiple logistic regression models. Clinical and clinicopathologic variables significantly associated with thrombocytopenia in the final model included increased PCV, increased band neutrophil count, increased total WBC, and decreased plasma protein concentration. Increased mature neutrophil count was associated with normal platelet counts. Thrombocytopenic horses were significantly more likely to die or be euthanized than were horses with normal platelet counts.J Vet Intern Med 1996;10:127–132. Copyright © 1996 by the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Sellon, Debra C. and Levine, Jay and Millikin, Everett and Palmer, Kate and Grindem, Carol and Covington, Patrice}, year={1996}, month={May}, pages={127–132} } @article{tirard_grossfeld_levine_kennedy-stoskopf_1995, title={Effect of hyperthermia in vitro on stress protein synthesisand accumulation in oyster haemocytes}, volume={5}, ISSN={1050-4648}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1050-4648(05)80003-8}, DOI={10.1016/S1050-4648(05)80003-8}, abstractNote={Haemocytes comprise a major component of the non-specific defence mechanismsin marine bivalves. Induction of stress protein (SP) synthesis and accumulation of SPs was studied in vitro to define the metabolic response of oyster (C. virginica) haemocytes to acute temperature changes. An acute cold shock to near freezing had no significant effect on protein synthesis. However, a comparable heat shock of 20–28° C above the acclimation temperature of 20° C provoked a robust increase in synthesis of several SPs, especially those of about 70 (SP70), 37, 34 and 32 kDa. This response persisted for at least 24 h, during which time both isoforms of SP70-like immunoreactivity accumulated. Concomitantly, there was a decrease in the synthesis, but not in the level, of an actin-like protein of about 45 kDa. The extent of SP synthesis induction also was directly dependent on the duration of the preceding hyperthermia. Extending the duration of heat shock necessitated a longer recovery period, during which time amino acid incorporation returned towards or beyond the initial control values and cell viability was retained. After a severe heat shock at 46° C for 1 h, the predominant protein made for several days was SP70, which is known to be essential for stress tolerance in other biological systems. The results suggest that oyster haemocytes are remarkably resilient, and that SPs may contribute to their ability to resist or repair heat-evoked damage. This molecular adaptability could permit them to maintain immune surveillance during or immediately following serious threats to survival of these sessile ectotherms.}, number={1}, journal={Fish & Shellfish Immunology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Tirard, C.T. and Grossfeld, R.M. and Levine, J.F. and Kennedy-Stoskopf, S.}, year={1995}, month={Jan}, pages={9–25} } @inproceedings{weeks-perkins_tompkins_jaynes_kennedy stoskopf_levine_perkins_1995, title={Effects of peptidyl membrane interactive molecules on Crassostrea virginica hemocyte function and Perkinsus marinus viability}, author={Weeks-Perkins, B.A. and Tompkins, W.A. and Jaynes, J.M. and Kennedy Stoskopf, S. and Levine, J.F. and Perkins, FO}, year={1995}, month={Jul} } @inproceedings{breitschwerdt_geoli_meuten_levine_1995, title={Experimental Infection of Mice with a Canine-origin Borrelia isolate}, author={Breitschwerdt, E.B. and Geoli, F. and Meuten, D.J. and Levine, J.F.}, year={1995}, month={May} } @article{levine_1995, title={Ixodes-borne Borrelia spp infections}, volume={207}, number={6}, journal={Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association}, author={Levine, J. F.}, year={1995}, pages={768} } @article{levin_levine_apperson_norris_howard_1995, title={Reservoir Competence of the Rice Rat (Rodentia: Cricetidae) for Borrelia burgdorferi}, volume={32}, ISSN={1938-2928 0022-2585}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/32.2.138}, DOI={10.1093/jmedent/32.2.138}, abstractNote={The reservoir competence of the rice rat, Oryzomys palustris, for Borrelia burgdorferi is described. Infected Ixodes scapularis Say (I. dammini, Spielman, Clifford, Piesman & Corwin) nymphs were used to infect animals. Borrelia infection was diagnosed by xenodiagnostic feeding of noninfected I. scapularis larvae and by reisolation of the spirochetes from blood and other tissues. Rice rats acquired B. burgdorferi and maintained spirochete infection for 5-9 wk. B. burgdorferi were cultured from samples of skin and urinary bladders from all animals killed on day 21 (three rats), 35 (three rats), or 56 (three rats) after infection. The spirochetes were also detected in blood samples obtained 1 and 2 wk after exposure. Spirochetes that persisted for 5 wk in rice rats did not lose their infectivity for golden Syrian hamsters. The prepatent period for infecting xenodiagnostic ticks was 1 wk. Overall, 75.6% of I. scapularis larvae (n = 694) that fed on infected rice rats acquired B. burgdorferi. Prevalence of infection reached 83% in ticks that fed on tick-exposed animals during the 2nd-4th wk, 68% during the 5th wk, and 17.4% during the 9th wk. The duration of rice rat infectivity for ticks exceeded 2 mo. I. scapularis nymphs infected as larvae on rice rats transmitted B. burgdorferi. Taken together, these studies confirm the reservoir competence of the rice rat for B. burgdorferi.}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Medical Entomology}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Levin, Michael and Levine, Jay F. and Apperson, Charles S. and Norris, Douglas E. and Howard, Peter B.}, year={1995}, month={Mar}, pages={138–142} } @inproceedings{vaden_levine_correa_jameson_williams_stumpf_breitschwerdt_1995, title={Retrospective analysis of 106 dogs with acute renal failure}, author={Vaden, S.L. and Levine, J.F. and Correa, M.T. and Jameson, P.H. and Williams, L. and Stumpf, N. and Breitschwerdt}, year={1995}, month={May} } @inproceedings{sellon_levine_millikin_palmer_covington_grindem_1995, title={Risk Factors Associated with Thrombocytopenia in Horses}, author={Sellon, D.C. and Levine, J.F. and Millikin, E. and Palmer, K. and Covington, P. and Grindem, C.}, year={1995}, month={May} } @book{levine_apperson_1994, title={Dynamics of tick-borne Borrelia burgdorferi transmission in North Carolina}, institution={Virginia Department of Health/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention}, author={Levine, J.F. and Apperson, C.S.}, year={1994} } @book{apperson_levine_1994, title={Epidemiology of Lyme disease on Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, North Carolina}, institution={U.S. Marine Corps}, author={Apperson, C.S. and Levine, J.F.}, year={1994} } @inproceedings{blikslager_bowman_levine_bristol_roberts_1994, title={Evaluation of Factors Associated with Postoperative Ileus in Horses: 31 cases}, author={Blikslager, A.T. and Bowman, K.F. and Levine, J.F. and Bristol, D.G. and Roberts, M.C.}, year={1994}, month={Sep} } @article{blikslager_bowman_levine_bristol_roberts_1994, title={Evaluation of factors associated with postoperative ileus in horses: 31 cases (1990-1992)}, volume={205}, number={12}, journal={Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association}, author={Blikslager, A. T. and Bowman, K. and Levine, J. F. and Bristol, D. G. and Roberts, M. C.}, year={1994}, pages={1748–1752} } @article{spelman_sumner_levine_stoskopf_1994, title={Immobilization of North American river otters (Lutra canadensis) with metetomidine-ketamine and reversal by atipamezole}, volume={25}, journal={Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine}, author={Spelman, L. H. and Sumner, P. W. and Levine, J. F. and Stoskopf, M. K.}, year={1994}, pages={214–223} } @article{breitschwerdt_nicholson_kiehl_steers_meuten_levine_1994, title={Natural infections with Borrelia spirochetes in two dogs from Florida}, volume={32}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Clinical Microbiology}, author={Breitschwerdt, E. B. and Nicholson, W. L. and Kiehl, A. R. and Steers, C. and Meuten, D. J. and Levine, J. F.}, year={1994}, pages={352–357} } @inproceedings{mahon_bowman_levine_1994, title={Risk Factors Associated with Wound Complications in Horses}, author={Mahon, M. and Bowman, K. and Levine, J.F.}, year={1994}, month={Sep} } @article{daniels_fish_levine_greco_eaton_padgett_lapointe_1993, title={Canine Exposure to Borrelia burgdorferi and Prevalence of Ixodes dammini (Acari: Ixodidae) on Deer as a Measure of Lyme Disease Risk in the Northeastern United States}, volume={30}, ISSN={1938-2928 0022-2585}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/30.1.171}, DOI={10.1093/jmedent/30.1.171}, abstractNote={Surveillance programs that identify areas where both the vector (Ixodes dammini) and etiologic agent (Borrelia burgdorferi) are present may identify the risk of Lyme disease and its spread earlier and more accurately than do programs relying on any single method, particularly human case reports. Hunter-killed deer (n = 1,204) from 22 counties in Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, and Pennsylvania were examined in fall 1989 and all ectoparasites were identified. The following spring, canine sera (n = 884) were obtained from these sites, which included known endemic areas and those where Lyme disease is uncommon, and tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Regression analysis of canine seroprevalence versus tick prevalence on deer from the same counties demonstrate a significant positive linear relationship. Sites were designated as low-, moderate-, or high-risk counties based upon their position on the regression curve. The geographic distribution of the sites correlated well with the distribution of known Lyme disease endemic and nonendemic areas. Locations were also identified where Lyme disease may be emerging. The positive relationship between measures of vector and pathogen abundance determined in this study permits public health workers to identify endemic and potentially endemic areas independently of human case reports.}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Medical Entomology}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Daniels, Thomas J. and Fish, Durland and Levine, Jay F. and Greco, Martha A. and Eaton, Alan T. and Padgett, Penelope J. and Lapointe, Dennis A.}, year={1993}, month={Jan}, pages={171–178} } @inproceedings{breitschwerdt_nicholson_kiehl_champion_howard_levine_1993, title={Characterization of a Borrelia isolate from Florida}, author={Breitschwerdt, E.B. and Nicholson, W.L. and Kiehl, A.R. and Champion, L. and Howard, P. and Levine, J.F.}, year={1993}, month={Sep} } @article{spelman_summer_levine_stoskopf_1993, title={Field anesthesia in the North American river otter (Lutra canadensis)}, volume={24}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine}, author={Spelman, L. H. and Summer, P. W. and Levine, J. F. and Stoskopf, M. K.}, year={1993}, pages={19–27} } @article{apperson_levine_evans_braswell_heller_1993, title={Relative utilization of reptiles and rodents as hosts by immature Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) in the coastal plain of North Carolina, USA}, volume={17}, number={10}, journal={Experimental & Applied Acarology}, author={Apperson, C. S. and Levine, J. F. and Evans, T. L. and Braswell, A. and Heller, J.}, year={1993}, pages={719–731} } @inproceedings{levin_levine_norris_howard_yang_apperson_1993, title={Reservoir Competence of Rice Rats and Lizards for Borrelia burgdorferi}, author={Levin, M. and Levine, J.F. and Norris, D.E. and Howard, P. and Yang, S. and Apperson, CS}, year={1993}, month={Sep} } @inproceedings{norris_levine_apperson_1993, title={Reservoir Competence of the Raccoon (Procyon lotor) for the Lyme Disease Spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi}, author={Norris, D.E. and Levine, J.F. and Apperson, C.S.}, year={1993}, month={Sep} } @article{cook_breitschwerdt_levine_bunch_linn_1993, title={Risk factors associated with acute pancreatitis in dogs: 101 cases (1985-1990)}, volume={203}, number={5}, journal={Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association}, author={Cook, A. K. and Breitschwerdt, E. B. and Levine, J. F. and Bunch, S. E. and Linn, L. O.}, year={1993}, pages={673–679} } @inproceedings{ouelette_howard_levine_evans_apperson_1993, title={Tick-raccoon Associations in the Coastal Plain of North Carolina}, author={Ouelette, JR and Howard, P and Levine, J.F. and Evans, T. and Apperson, C.S.}, year={1993}, month={Sep} } @inproceedings{levine_apperson_strider_levin_ryan_howard_coughlin_knight_yang_1993, title={Ticks, Their Hosts and Borrelia burgdorferi on the Outer Banks of North Carolina}, author={Levine, J.F. and Apperson, C.S. and Strider, JB and Levin, M. and Ryan, JR and Howard, P and Coughlin, W. and Knight, M. and Yang, S.}, year={1993}, month={Sep} } @article{levine_levy_nicholson_irby_gager_apperson_1992, title={Attempted Mechanical Transfer of Ehrlichia risticii by Tabanids (Diptera: Tabanidae)}, volume={29}, ISSN={1938-2928 0022-2585}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/29.5.806}, DOI={10.1093/jmedent/29.5.806}, abstractNote={The ability of tabanid mouthparts to retain and to transfer mechanically Ehrlichia risticii Holland, Weiss, Burgdorfer, Cole & Kakoma was evaluated by feeding flies on infected and noninfected mice and on capillary tubes containing infected cells and cell-free medium. Flies representing two genera and 29 species were collected at equine boarding stables, farms, and along riding trails in Wake, Johnston, and Duplin counties in North Carolina for the feeding trials. Two species, Tabanus fulvulus Wiedemann and T. pallidescens Philip, fed on mice but failed to transfer the pathogen from infected to susceptible mice. Chrysops vittatus Wiedemann, Tabanus americanus Forster, and T. sulcifrons Macquart transferred E. risticii-infected cells from capillary tubes containing infected cells in medium to tubes containing medium. These studies document that E. risticii-infected cells can be retained on mouthparts and potentially transferred by tabanids.}, number={5}, journal={Journal of Medical Entomology}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Levine, Jay F. and Levy, Michael G. and Nicholson, William L. and Irby, William S. and Gager, Robin and Apperson, Charles S.}, year={1992}, month={Sep}, pages={806–812} } @article{morrison_marshall_dykstra_levine_1992, title={Haplospordium nelsoni (MSX) in eastern oyster populations of North Carolina}, volume={4}, DOI={10.1577/1548-8667(1992)004<0203:hnmieo>2.3.co;2}, abstractNote={Abstract Populations of the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica from 36 locations off the coast of North Carolina were examined cytologically in the fall of 1989 for Haplosporidium nelsoni (MSX). The pathogen was found in oysters from 11 (31%) of the sites. Systemic Perkinsus marinus infections were noted in oysters from 26 (72%) of the locations.}, journal={Journal of Aquatic Animal Health}, author={Morrison, N. M. and Marshall, M. D. and Dykstra, M. J. and Levine, Jay}, year={1992}, pages={203–206} } @article{sellon_conboy_levine_1992, title={Letters to the Editor}, volume={6}, ISSN={0891-6640 1939-1676}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.1992.tb00337.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1939-1676.1992.tb00337.x}, abstractNote={Journal of Veterinary Internal MedicineVolume 6, Issue 3 p. 197-199 Open Access Letters to the Editor First published: May 1992 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.1992.tb00337.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat References 1 Moore AS, Kirk C., Cardona A. Intracavitary cisplatin chemotherapy experience with six dogs. J Vet Intern Med 1991; 5: 227231. 2 Fassio T., Canobbio L., Gasparini G., Villani F. Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia during treatment with cisplatin and etoposide combination. Oncology 1986; 43: 2 19– 220. 3 Hashimi LA, Khalyl MF, Salem PA. Supraventricular tachycardia: A probable complication of platinum treatment. Oncology 1984; 41: 174– 175. 4 Schaeppi U., Heyman IA, Fleischman RW, Rosenkrantz H., Ilievski V., Phelan R., Cooney DA, Davis RD. cis-Dichlorodiammineplatinum (11) (NSC-119875): Preclinical toxicologic evaluation of intravenous injection in dogs, monkeys and mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1973; 25: 230– 241. 5 Loar AS, Susaneck SJ. Doxorubicin induced cardiomyopathy in five dogs. Semin Vet Med Surg 1986; 1: 68– 72. Volume6, Issue3May 1992Pages 197-199 ReferencesRelatedInformation}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Sellon, D.C. and Conboy, H.S. and Levine, J.F.}, year={1992}, month={May}, pages={197–198} } @inproceedings{levine_apperson_evans_heller_1992, title={Rodents and Reptiles as Hosts for Ixodes scapularis}, author={Levine, J.F. and Apperson, C.S. and Evans, T. and Heller, J.}, year={1992}, month={May} } @inproceedings{daniels_fish_levine_greco_eaton_padgett_lapointe_1992, title={The Identification of Lyme Disease Foci in the Northeast U.S. Using Vector Prevalence and Canine Serology data}, author={Daniels, T.J. and Fish, D. and Levine, J.F. and Greco, M. and Eaton, A. and Padgett, P. and LaPointe, D.}, year={1992}, month={May} } @article{levine_sonenshine_nicholson_turner_1991, title={Borrelia burgdorferi in Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) from Coastal Virginia}, volume={28}, ISSN={1938-2928 0022-2585}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/28.5.668}, DOI={10.1093/jmedent/28.5.668}, abstractNote={Ixodid ticks removed from hosts and from vegetation during March-November 1987 at sites in coastal Virginia and North Carolina were examined for Borrelia burgdorferi. B. burgdorferi was evident in nine (22%) Ixodes cookei Packard removed from rice rats (Oryzomys palustris), a white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus), and raccoons (Procyon lotor); four (6%) Amblyomma americanum (L.) removed from raccoons; and two (3%) Dermacentor variabilis (Say) removed from a raccoon and a rice rat. B. burgdorferi was also detected in Ixodes dentatus Marx removed from a brown thrasher (Toxostoma rufum), a Carolina wren (Thryothoros ludovicianus), and a towhee (Piplio erythrophthalamus); and in Haemaphysalis leporispalustris (Packard) removed from a brown thrasher and a white-throated sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis) netted at Kiptopeke Beach, Va. Two Ixodes dammini Spielman, Clifford, Piesman & Corwin were collected on Parramore Island; one specimen was examined for spirochetes, and it was infected with B. burgdorferi. No spirochetes were detected in host-seeking A. americanum and Amblyomma maculatum Koch removed from vegetation. The plasma of one P. leucopus and sera obtained from two P. lotor contained antibodies to B. burgdorferi. All infected ticks and the seroreactive hosts were collected from the Eastern Shore of Virginia.}, number={5}, journal={Journal of Medical Entomology}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Levine, Jay F. and Sonenshine, Daniel E. and Nicholson, William L. and Turner, R. T.}, year={1991}, month={Sep}, pages={668–674} } @article{greene_walker_nicholson_levine_1991, title={Comparison of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to an indirect immunofluorescence assay for the detection of antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi in the dog}, volume={26}, ISSN={0378-1135}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1135(91)90054-j}, DOI={10.1016/0378-1135(91)90054-J}, abstractNote={An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was compared to an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) for detection of IgG antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi in dog sera. The concordance of the two tests was 93.5% for sera from dogs from Maryland (n = 93), 98.0% for sera from dogs from North Carolina (n = 446), and 97.2% for the combined sample groups (n = 539). Twenty-five of the 27 samples with discordant or low positive results were tested, and showed immunoblot reactions to 1 to 10 different bands. Reaction patterns and intensity of the bands were quite variable, and did not explain a reason for the discordance.}, number={1-2}, journal={Veterinary Microbiology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Greene, R.T. and Walker, R.L. and Nicholson, W.L. and Levine, J.F.}, year={1991}, month={Jan}, pages={179–190} } @article{noga_wright_levine_dykstra_hawkins_1991, title={DERMATOLOGICAL DISEASES AFFECTING FISHES OF THE TAR-PAMLICO ESTUARY, NORTH-CAROLINA}, volume={10}, ISSN={["0177-5103"]}, DOI={10.3354/dao010087}, abstractNote={Over the last several years, various epidemic dermatological diseases have been observed in fishes of the Tar-Pamlico estuary.The most important is ulcerative mycosis, an infection associated with oomycete fungi that affects Atlantic menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus.In the present report we describe lesions resembling ulcerative mycosis in other estuarine species such as southern flounder Paralichthys lethostigma, hickory shad Alosa medjocrjs, striped bass Morone saxatilis, bluefish Pomatomus saltatrix, Atlantic croaker Micropogon~as undulatus, weakfish Cynoscion regalis, spot Leiostomus xanthurus, silver perch Ba~rdella chrysura, plnf~sh Lagodon rhomboides, and hogchoker Trinectes maculatus.Less prevalent dernlatological diseases were also ~bserved~including lymphocystis, bacterial dermatitis and myositis, Argulus dermatitis, Henneguya myositis, and various idiopathic dermatopathies.Only one tumor, a fibroma, was seen.The occurrence of many of these diseases is of concern to fisheries managers because of their potential impact upon estuarine fish populations.Many environmental problems (noxious algae blooms, increasing turbidity, anoxic/hypoxic events, loss of submerged aquatic vegetation, etc.) plague the Tar-Pamlico estuary.The relationship of the observed diseases to these environmental problems is presently unknown.}, number={2}, journal={DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS}, author={NOGA, EJ and WRIGHT, JF and LEVINE, JF and DYKSTRA, MJ and HAWKINS, JH}, year={1991}, month={Apr}, pages={87–92} } @article{price_page_fischer_levine_gerig_1991, title={Efficacy and Toxicity of Doxorubicin/Cyclophosphamide Maintenance Therapy in Dogs with Multicentric Lymphosarcoma}, volume={5}, ISSN={0891-6640 1939-1676}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.1991.tb03131.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1939-1676.1991.tb03131.x}, abstractNote={Doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide were evaluated as maintenance drugs for dogs with multicentric lymphosarcoma (n = 28). Median remission time of all dogs was 173 days. Remission duration was shorter, however, in dogs with stage IV/V disease, in dogs with pretreatment hypoalbuminemia, and in dogs that had received glucocorticoids before initiation of chemotherapy (P < 0.04). Nineteen dogs were evaluable for toxicity. Dose‐limiting gastrointestinal toxicosis was observed in three dogs, neutropenia was observed in three dogs, and cardiomyopathy was observed in three dogs. The doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide protocol described in this report is safe and effective in treating canine multicentric lymphosarcoma. Clinical stage, pretreatment steroid therapy, and hypoalbuminemia are prognostic factors for response to this protocol}, number={5}, journal={Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Price, G. Sylvester and Page, Rodney L. and Fischer, Bernard M. and Levine, Jay F. and Gerig, Thomas M.}, year={1991}, month={Sep}, pages={259–262} } @article{claibough_levine_1991, title={Factors associated with the development of failure of transfer in standardbred foals}, volume={5}, journal={Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association}, author={Claibough, D. G. S. and Levine, J. F.}, year={1991}, pages={335–340} } @article{levine_apperson_spiegel_nicholson_staes_1991, title={Indigenous Cases of Lyme Disease Diagnosed in North Carolina}, volume={84}, ISSN={0038-4348}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007611-199101000-00008}, DOI={10.1097/00007611-199101000-00008}, abstractNote={Between January 1984 and December 1989, 102 indigenous cases of Lyme disease were reported in North Carolina. Lyme disease was reported in each of the three major geographic regions of the state: mountain, piedmont, and coastal plain. One or more diagnoses were made in 42 of 100 counties. Patients ranged in age from 5 months to 78 years (median, 27 years); 58 patients (57%) reported a history of tick exposure within 1 month of the onset of symptoms. Erythema migrans was reported by 93 patients (91%). Arthritis (30%), neurologic symptoms (10%), and cardiac abnormalities (7%) were observed. Thirty of the 102 cases were confirmed serologically by indirect fluorescence microscopy or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.}, number={1}, journal={Southern Medical Journal}, publisher={Southern Medical Association}, author={Levine, Jay F. and Apperson, Charles S. and Spiegel, Richard A. and Nicholson, William L. and Staes, Catherine J.}, year={1991}, month={Jan}, pages={27–32} } @inproceedings{apperson_levine_evans_1991, title={Tick-host Associations and Lyme disease in North Carolina}, author={Apperson, C. and Levine, J.F. and Evans, T.}, year={1991}, month={Jul} } @article{levine_levy_nicholson_gager_1990, title={ATTEMPTED EHRLICHIA-RISTICII TRANSMISSION WITH DERMACENTOR-VARIABILIS (ACARI, IXODIDAE)}, volume={27}, ISSN={["1938-2928"]}, DOI={10.1093/jmedent/27.5.931}, abstractNote={Larval Dermacentor variabilis (Say) (n = 327) were fed on Balb/C mice inoculated with Ehrlichia risticii, the etiologic agent of equine monocytic ehrlichiosis (Potomac horse fever). All mice displayed clinical signs of E. risticii infection at the time of feeding. After molting, resulting nymphs (n = 74) were fed on susceptible mice. No clinical signs were observed, and the mice remained seronegative for 6 wk after feeding.}, number={5}, journal={JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY}, author={LEVINE, JF and LEVY, MG and NICHOLSON, WL and GAGER, RB}, year={1990}, month={Sep}, pages={931–933} } @article{levine_dykstra_nicholson_walker_massey_1990, title={ATTENUATION OF BORRELIA-ANSERINA BY SERIAL PASSAGE IN LIQUID-MEDIUM}, volume={48}, ISSN={["0034-5288"]}, DOI={10.1016/s0034-5288(18)31511-x}, abstractNote={Borrelia anserina (Sakharoff) was successfully grown in a liquid medium (Barbour-Stoenner-Kelly) for 39 passages. By the 12th serial passage in medium, infectivity of B anserina for chicks was lost. Electron microscopy did not reveal structural differences between non-infective and infective cultured organisms. Changes in the protein profiles were found by electrophoresis as the organisms were passed in culture.}, number={1}, journal={RESEARCH IN VETERINARY SCIENCE}, author={LEVINE, JF and DYKSTRA, MJ and NICHOLSON, WL and WALKER, RL and MASSEY, G}, year={1990}, month={Jan}, pages={64–69} } @article{burt_levine_1990, title={Cytosolic water-soluble phosphodiester in vertebrate lens}, volume={1033}, ISSN={0304-4165}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-4165(90)90011-k}, DOI={10.1016/0304-4165(90)90011-k}, abstractNote={The water-soluble phosphate profiles determined by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) of a broad range of vertebrate lenses are presented. We identify threonine ethanolamine phosphodiester (TEP) in intact lenses and lens extracts by its chemical shift and its physical and chemical characteristics. Amongst the species studied, we give the first characterization of frog lens where not only serine ethanolamine phosphodiesters (SEP) but TEP are found.}, number={2}, journal={Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Burt, C and Levine, J}, year={1990}, month={Feb}, pages={189–193} } @inproceedings{noga_levine_berkhoff_dykstra_hawkins_1990, title={Dermatological Diseases Affecting Fishes of the Pamlico River Estuary, North Carolina}, author={Noga, E.J. and Levine, J.F. and Berkhoff, H.A. and Dykstra, M.J. and Hawkins, J.H.}, year={1990}, month={May} } @article{loftin_levine_mcginn_coggins_1990, title={Distribution of equine infectious anemia in equids in southeastern United States}, volume={197}, number={8}, journal={Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association}, author={Loftin, M. K. and Levine, J. F. and McGinn, T. and Coggins, L.}, year={1990}, pages={1018–120} } @inproceedings{levine_dykstra_noga_cone_hawkins_moye_1990, title={Dynamics of Atlantic Menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus) Infection with Ulcerative Mycosis}, author={Levine, J.F. and Dykstra, M.J. and Noga, E.J. and Cone, R.S. and Hawkins, J.H. and Moye, D.W.}, year={1990}, month={Oct} } @article{levine_hawkins_dykstra_noga_moye_cone_1990, title={Epidemiology of ulcerative mycosis in Atlantic menhaden in the Tar-Pamlico River estuary, North Carolina}, volume={2}, DOI={10.1577/1548-8667(1990)002<0162:eoumia>2.3.co;2}, abstractNote={Abstract Ulcerative mycosis was observed on Atlantic menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus collected in pound-net and trawl samples obtained from the Tar-Pamlico River estuary, North Carolina, during May 1985-April 1987 and in cast-net samples obtained during October-November 1986. The disease was most prevalent on Atlantic menhaden caught in pound nets during November 1986 and January 1987, and in trawls during May 1986 and November 1986. Disease was also most prevalent among yearlings in the spring and was probably acquired in the estuary.}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Aquatic Animal Health}, author={Levine, Jay and Hawkins, J. H. and Dykstra, M. J. and Noga, E. J. and Moye, D. W. and Cone, R. S.}, year={1990}, pages={162} } @article{apperson_levine_nicholson_1990, title={Geographic Occurrence of Ixodes scapularis and Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae) Infesting White-tailed Deer in North Carolina}, volume={26}, ISSN={0090-3558}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-26.4.550}, DOI={10.7589/0090-3558-26.4.550}, abstractNote={A state-wide survey to determine the occurrence and comparative numbers of ticks infecting white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) was conducted in North Carolina (USA). One thousand six hundred twenty nine deer were examined in 60 of 100 counties; with the exception of one county in the piedmont region, all tick-infested deer occurred in the coastal plain. Ixodes scapularis (46%) and Amblyomma americanum (53%) were the most prevalent species encountered and accounted for more than 98% of the 4,286 ticks collected. Some specimens of Dermacentor albipictus and Amblyomma maculatum also were collected.}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Wildlife Diseases}, publisher={Wildlife Disease Association}, author={Apperson, Charles S. and Levine, Jay F. and Nicholson, William L.}, year={1990}, month={Oct}, pages={550–553} } @inproceedings{apperson_levine_nicholson_1990, title={Lyme disease in North Carolina}, author={Apperson, C.S. and Levine, J.F. and Nicholson, W.L.}, year={1990}, month={Dec} } @inproceedings{sonenshine_levine_jenkins_nicholson_maccormack_turner_1990, title={Lyme disease in Virginia and North Carolina}, author={Sonenshine, D.E. and Levine, J.F. and Jenkins, S. and Nicholson, W. and MacCormack, J.N. and Turner, R.}, year={1990}, month={Oct} } @article{levine_hawkins_dykstra_noga_moye_cone_1990, title={SPECIES DISTRIBUTION OF ULCERATIVE LESIONS ON FINFISH IN THE TAR-PAMLICO RIVER ESTUARY, NORTH-CAROLINA}, volume={8}, ISSN={["0177-5103"]}, DOI={10.3354/dao008001}, abstractNote={An estuarine survey was conducted between May 1985 and April 1987 to determine the occurrence of ulcerative lesions on finfishes in the Tar-Pamlico River Estuary, North Carolina.Fish were collected by pound net and trawls; with more than 70 000 specimens obtained.Thirty-one species of estuarine fish were collected in the pound nets; Atlantic menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus represented > 90% of the total catch.Forty-four species were collected in the trawls; spot Leiostomus xanthurus, Atlantic croaker Micropogonias undulatus, and Atlantic menhaden were the most frequently collected species.Menhaden was the predominant species affected with ulcerative lesions in both the pound net and trawl samples.}, number={1}, journal={DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS}, author={LEVINE, JF and HAWKINS, JH and DYKSTRA, MJ and NOGA, EJ and MOYE, DW and CONE, RS}, year={1990}, month={Mar}, pages={1–5} } @article{torrence_jenkins_levine_nicholson_pelzer_1990, title={Serosurvey of shelter dogs in Virginia for antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi}, volume={10}, ISSN={0167-5877}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-5877(90)90049-N}, DOI={10.1016/0167-5877(90)90049-N}, abstractNote={Increased interest and concern about Lyme disease in the last several years, along with the close proximity of Maryland's endemic foci, has raised questions about the incidence of Lyme disease in Virginia. A canine seroprevalence survey was undertaken in an attempt to estimate the prevalence of borreliosis in Virginia. An ELISA test was used to detect antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi in sera from 221 shelter dogs from the three different physiographic regions in Virginia. From those animals sampled, only one dog was seropositive. This finding was consistent with other studies which have found limited evidence of Lyme disease in Virginia.}, number={1-2}, journal={Preventive Veterinary Medicine}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Torrence, Mary E. and Jenkins, Suzanne R. and Levine, Jay F. and Nicholson, William L. and Pelzer, Kevin D.}, year={1990}, month={Dec}, pages={41–46} } @inproceedings{levine_dykstra_noga_cone_hawkins_moye_1990, title={Ulcerative Lesions on Finfish in the Tar-Pamlico River}, author={Levine, J.F. and Dykstra, M.J. and Noga, E.J. and Cone, R.S. and Hawkins, J.H. and Moye, D.W.}, year={1990}, month={Oct} } @inproceedings{levine_hawkins_dykstra_camp_cone_markwardt_1990, title={Ulcerative mycosis in Atlantic menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus) Pamlico Estuary During 1988}, author={Levine, J.F. and Hawkins, J.H. and Dykstra, M.J. and Camp, J. and Cone, R.S. and Markwardt, N.M.}, year={1990}, month={Jul} } @article{cullen_levine_1989, title={Animal models of human disease babesiosis}, volume={21}, journal={Comparative Pathology Bulletin}, author={Cullen, J. C. and Levine, J. F.}, year={1989}, pages={3–4} } @book{noga_dykstra_levine_1989, title={Fish diseases of the Albemarle Pamlico Estuary}, number={238}, institution={Water Resources Research Institute of the University of North Carolina}, author={Noga, E.J. and Dykstra, M.J. and Levine, J.F.}, year={1989} } @article{apperson_engber_levine_1989, title={Relative suitability of Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti in North Carolina to support development of Dirofilaria immitis}, volume={5}, number={3}, journal={Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association}, author={Apperson, C. S. and Engber, B. and Levine, J. F.}, year={1989}, pages={377–382} } @article{walker_greene_nicholson_levine_1989, title={Shared flagellar epitopes of Borrelia burgdorferi and Borrelia anserina}, volume={19}, ISSN={0378-1135}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1135(89)90101-6}, DOI={10.1016/0378-1135(89)90101-6}, abstractNote={Antigenic cross-reactivity between Borrelia burgdorferi and Borrelia anserina was studied using mouse immune sera and monoclonal antibodies. With immune sera, significant cross-reactivity between B. burgdorferi and B. anserina was demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescent assay. In immunoblots, most of the cross-reactivity was shown to be associated with the periplasmic flagella. Using monoclonal antibodies in immunoblots, it was shown that B. burgdorferi and B. anserina shared at least two flagellar epitopes, one of which was not shared with Borrelia hermsii or Borrelia coriaceae. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis profiles of whole cell lysates and the use of a species-specific monoclonal antibody (H5332) which reacts with a major outer surface protein (Osp A) of B. burgdorferi readily differentiated the two species at the molecular level.}, number={4}, journal={Veterinary Microbiology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Walker, R.L. and Greene, R.T. and Nicholson, W.L. and Levine, J.F.}, year={1989}, month={Apr}, pages={361–371} } @book{levine_dykstra_camp_cone_clark_sandukis_markwardt_wenzel_1989, title={Temporal distribution of ulcerative lesions on menhaden}, institution={North Carolina Department of Natural Resources and Community Development Division of Marine Fisheries}, author={Levine, J.F. and Dykstra, M.J. and Camp, J.T. and Cone, R.S. and Clark, A.H. and Sandukis, N. and Markwardt, N.M. and Wenzel, T.}, year={1989} } @article{levine_apperson_nicholson_1989, title={The Occurrence OF Spirochetes in Ixodid Ticks in North Carolina}, volume={24}, ISSN={0749-8004}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-24.4.594}, DOI={10.18474/0749-8004-24.4.594}, abstractNote={Ticks were collected at 6 sites in North Carolina identified as the location of tick contact by Lyme disease patients, and at 6 sites located in counties where cases had been diagnosed. Specimens were screened for evidence of spirochete infection; fewer than 1% of the specimens collected harbored spirochetes. Indirect fluorescence antibody testing, with a species-specific monoclonal antibody, confirmed that one Ixodes scapularis Say collected at the residence of a Lyme disease patient was infected with Borrelia burgdorferi Johnson, Hyde, Schmid, and Brenner. Two specimens (Amblyomma americanum (L.) and I. scapularis) screened by a direct fluorescence antibody test with polyclonal antisera were infected with Borrelia. Spirochetes other than B. burgdorferi were found in A. americanum. No spirochetes were observed in Dermacentor variabilis (Say) or I. brunneus (Koch).}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Entomological Science}, publisher={Georgia Entomological Society}, author={Levine, Jay F. and Apperson, Charles S. and Nicholson, William L.}, year={1989}, month={Oct}, pages={594–602} } @article{dykstra_levine_noga_hawkins_gerdes_jr_grier_strake_1989, title={Ulcerative mycosis: a serious menhaden disease of the southeastern coastal fisheries of the United States}, volume={12}, ISSN={0140-7775 1365-2761}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1989.tb00289.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1365-2761.1989.tb00289.x}, abstractNote={Journal of Fish DiseasesVolume 12, Issue 2 p. 175-178 Ulcerative mycosis: a serious menhaden disease of the southeastern coastal fisheries of the United States M. J. DYKSTRA, Corresponding Author M. J. DYKSTRA School of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USADr M. J. Dykstra, School of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA.Search for more papers by this authorJ. F. LEVINE, J. F. LEVINE School of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USASearch for more papers by this authorE. J. NOGA, E. J. NOGA School of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USASearch for more papers by this authorJ. H. HAWKINS, J. H. HAWKINS North Carolina Division of Marine Fisheries, Washington, North Carolina, USASearch for more papers by this authorP. GERDES, P. GERDES Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, Virginia, USASearch for more papers by this authorW. J. HARGIS JR, W. J. HARGIS JR Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, Virginia, USASearch for more papers by this authorH. J. GRIER, H. J. GRIER Bureau of Marine Research, St Petersburg, Florida, USASearch for more papers by this authorD. TE STRAKE, D. TE STRAKE Department of Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USASearch for more papers by this author M. J. DYKSTRA, Corresponding Author M. J. DYKSTRA School of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USADr M. J. Dykstra, School of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA.Search for more papers by this authorJ. F. LEVINE, J. F. LEVINE School of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USASearch for more papers by this authorE. J. NOGA, E. J. NOGA School of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USASearch for more papers by this authorJ. H. HAWKINS, J. H. HAWKINS North Carolina Division of Marine Fisheries, Washington, North Carolina, USASearch for more papers by this authorP. GERDES, P. GERDES Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, Virginia, USASearch for more papers by this authorW. J. HARGIS JR, W. J. HARGIS JR Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, Virginia, USASearch for more papers by this authorH. J. GRIER, H. J. GRIER Bureau of Marine Research, St Petersburg, Florida, USASearch for more papers by this authorD. TE STRAKE, D. TE STRAKE Department of Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USASearch for more papers by this author First published: March 1989 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1989.tb00289.xCitations: 39AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume12, Issue2March 1989Pages 175-178 RelatedInformation}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Fish Diseases}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Dykstra, M. J. and Levine, J. F. and Noga, E. J. and Hawkins, J. H. and Gerdes, P. and Jr, W. J. Hargis and Grier, H. J. and Strake, D. Te}, year={1989}, month={Mar}, pages={175–178} } @article{levine_levy_walker_crittenden_1988, title={An episode of cryptosporidiosis in veterinary students}, volume={193}, journal={Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association}, author={Levine, J. F. and Levy, M. and Walker, R. L. and Crittenden, S.}, year={1988}, pages={1413–1414} } @article{greene_levine_breitschwerdt_berkhoff_1988, title={Antibody to Borrelia burgdorferi in dogs in North Carolina}, volume={49}, journal={American Journal of Veterinary Research}, author={Greene, R. T. and Levine, J. F. and Breitschwerdt, E. B. and Berkhoff, H. A.}, year={1988}, pages={473–476} } @article{greene_levine_breitschwerdt_walker_berkhoff_nicholson_1988, title={Clinical and serologic evaluations of induced Borrelia burgdorferi infections in dogs}, volume={49}, journal={American Journal of Veterinary Research}, author={Greene, R. T. and Levine, J. F. and Breitschwerdt, E. B. and Walker, R. L. and Berkhoff, H. A. and Nicholson, W. L.}, year={1988}, pages={752–757} } @book{levine_johnson_gallup_miller_cullen_1988, title={Cutaneous fibromas on whitetailed deer collected at McFayden Pond, Fort Bragg, North Carolina}, author={Levine, J.F. and Johnson, C. and Gallup, M. and Miller, R. and Cullen, J.}, year={1988} } @inproceedings{cowen_chen_morales_li_levine_tong_carlton_huff_1988, title={Descriptive Analysis of Diagnostic Test Results From the Quarantine of Pigs and Cattle Imported into the People's Republic of China from the United States.}, author={Cowen, P. and Chen, B. and Morales, R.A. and Li, S. and Levine, J.F. and Tong, K. and Carlton, T.L. and Huff, D.R.}, year={1988} } @article{cowen_chen_morales_li_levine_tong_carlton_huff_1988, title={Descriptive analysis of diagnostic test results of quarantined pigs and cattle imported into the People's Republic of China from the United States}, volume={84}, journal={Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica}, author={Cowen, P. and Chen, B. and Morales, R. A. and Li, S. and Levine, J. F. and Tong, K. and Carlton, T. L. and Huff, D. R.}, year={1988}, pages={271–273} } @inproceedings{anderson_vaz_corbett_cowen_davis_fetrow_guy_henry_levine_ley_et al._1988, title={Feasibility Report on Animal Health Information and Data Monitoring Systems for CARICOM Member States and Suriname}, author={Anderson, K.L. and Vaz, V. and Corbett, W.T. and Cowen, P. and Davis, S. and Fetrow, J. and Guy, J. and Henry, E. and Levine, J. and Ley, D. and et al.}, year={1988}, month={Nov} } @inproceedings{dykstra_levine_noga_testrake_1988, title={Further Culture and Epidemiological Observations on the Aphanomyces and Saprolegnia sp Associated with Ulcerative Mycosis (UM) of Atlantic menhaden}, author={Dykstra, M.J. and Levine, J.F. and Noga, E.J. and TeStrake, D.}, year={1988}, month={Aug} } @article{greene_walker_burgess_levine_1988, title={Heterogeneity in immunoblot patterns obtained by using four strains of Borrelia burgdorferi and sera from naturally exposed dogs}, volume={26}, journal={Journal of Clinical Microbiology}, author={Greene, R. T. and Walker, R. L. and Burgess, E. C. and Levine, J. F.}, year={1988}, pages={2287–2291} } @article{noga_levine_townsend_bullis_carlson_corbett_1988, title={Kidney biopsy: A nonlethal method for diagnosing Yersina ruckeri infection (enteric Red Mouth disease) in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)}, volume={49}, journal={American Journal of Veterinary Research}, author={Noga, E. J. and Levine, J. F. and Townsend, K. and Bullis, B. and Carlson, C. and Corbett, W. T.}, year={1988}, pages={363–365} } @article{noga_levine_dykstra_hawkins_1988, title={PATHOLOGY OF ULCERATIVE MYCOSIS IN ATLANTIC MENHADEN BREVOORTIA-TYRANNUS}, volume={4}, ISSN={["0177-5103"]}, DOI={10.3354/dao004189}, number={3}, journal={DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS}, author={NOGA, EJ and LEVINE, JF and DYKSTRA, MJ and HAWKINS, JH}, year={1988}, month={Jul}, pages={189–197} } @inproceedings{levy_dykstra_levine_duckett_gager_1988, title={Persistent Infection of Cultured Equine Dermal Cells by Ehrlichia risticii}, author={Levy, M.G. and Dykstra, M.J. and Levine, J.F. and Duckett, W. and Gager, R.}, year={1988}, month={Feb} } @article{greene_walker_nicholson_heidner_levine_1988, title={The immunoglobulin G response to the Lyme disease agent (Borrelia burgdorferi) in experimentally and naturally exposed dogs}, volume={26}, journal={Journal of Clinical Microbiology}, author={Greene, R. T. and Walker, R. L. and Nicholson, W. L. and Heidner, H. W. and Levine, J. F.}, year={1988}, pages={648–653} } @inproceedings{noga_levine_dykstra_hawkins_1988, title={Ulcerative Mycosis in Atlantic Menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus)}, author={Noga, E.J. and Levine, J.F. and Dykstra, M.J. and Hawkins, J.H.}, year={1988}, month={Oct} } @article{levine_fox_snowden_greene_kennedy_childress_1988, title={Validity of the Filarochek test for detection of Dirofilaria immitis infections in dogs}, volume={24}, journal={Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association}, author={Levine, J. F. and Fox, D. and Snowden, K. and Greene, R. and Kennedy, K. and Childress, K.}, year={1988}, pages={327–333} } @book{levine_cone_sandukis_meir_lee_hand_1987, title={An integrated data base management program for documentation of ulcerative disease syndrome: the ulcerative disease regional data base. Florida Department of Environmental Regulation}, institution={Florida Department of Environmental Regulation}, author={Levine, J.F. and Cone, R.S. and Sandukis, N. and Meir, K. and Lee, L.C. and Hand, J.}, year={1987} } @misc{levine_1987, title={Estuarine Monitoring for Ulcerative Mycosis}, author={Levine, J.F.}, year={1987} } @article{burt_hill_london_levine_1987, title={Magnetic resonance studies on the noncyclic phosphodiesters and other lipid related metabolites}, volume={1}, journal={FAEEB}, author={Burt, C. T. and Hill, C. H. and London, R. E. and Levine, J. F.}, year={1987}, pages={22–31} } @article{cullen_levine_1987, title={Pathologic manifestations of experimental Babesia microti infection in hamsters}, volume={37}, journal={Laboratory Animal Science}, author={Cullen, J. and Levine, J. F.}, year={1987}, pages={640–643} } @article{henry_levine_coggins_1987, title={Rectal transmission of bovine leukemia virus in cattle and sheep}, volume={48}, journal={American Journal of Veterinary Research}, author={Henry, E. and Levine, J. F. and Coggins, L.}, year={1987}, pages={634–636} } @book{levine_lee_1987, title={Ulcerative Disease Regional Database Master Tutorial}, institution={Florida Department of Environmental Regulation}, author={Levine, J.F. and Lee, L.C.}, year={1987} } @article{dykstra_noga_levine_moye_hawkins_1986, title={CHARACTERIZATION OF THE APHANOMYCES SPECIES INVOLVED WITH ULCERATIVE MYCOSIS (UM) IN MENHADEN}, volume={78}, ISSN={["0027-5514"]}, DOI={10.2307/3807780}, abstractNote={Aphanomyces and Saprolegnia were isolated from characteristic lesions of Ulcerative Mycosis (UM) on Atlantic menhaden and other fish. One of the Aphanomyces isolates was selected for cultural studies which revealed that the fungus was stimulated to increased vegetative growth and improved zoosporulation by low levels of NaCl. The salt tolerance exhibited by this fungus surpassed the known recorded limits for Oomycetes in regard to zoosporogenesis. The relationship of the fungal isolates to the lesions found on fish and the association of prevailing climatological conditions with the disease suggest a complex interaction between the fungus, possibly pre-stressed fish, and the salinity of the estuary systems of North Carolina.}, number={4}, journal={MYCOLOGIA}, author={DYKSTRA, MJ and NOGA, EJ and LEVINE, JF and MOYE, DW and HAWKINS, JH}, year={1986}, pages={664–672} } @article{dykstra_noga_levine_moye_hawkins_1986, title={Characterization of the Aphanomyces Species Involved with Ulcerative Mycosis (Um) in Menhaden}, volume={78}, ISSN={0027-5514 1557-2536}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1986.12025303}, DOI={10.1080/00275514.1986.12025303}, abstractNote={Aphanomyces and Saprolegnia were isolated from characteristic lesions of Ulcerative Mycosis (UM) on Atlantic menhaden and other fish. One of the Aphanomyces isolates was selected for cultural studies which revealed that the fungus was stimulated to increased vegetative growth and improved zoosporulation by low levels of NaCl. The salt tolerance exhibited by this fungus surpassed the known recorded limits for Oomycetes in regard to zoosporogenesis. The relationship of the fungal isolates to the lesions found on fish and the association of prevailing climatological conditions with the disease suggest a complex interaction between the fungus, possibly pre-stressed fish, and the salinity of the estuary systems of North Carolina.}, number={4}, journal={Mycologia}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Dykstra, Michael J. and Noga, Edward J. and Levine, Jay F. and Moye, David W. and Hawkins, Jess H.}, year={1986}, month={Jul}, pages={664–672} } @article{piesman_mather_donohue_levine_campbell_karakashian_spielman_1986, title={Comparative prevalence of Babesia microti and Borrelia burgdorferi in 4 populations of Ixodes dammini in Eastern Massachusetts}, volume={43}, journal={Acta Tropica}, author={Piesman, J. and Mather, T. S. and Donohue, J. and Levine, J. F. and Campbell, J. and Karakashian, K. and Spielman, A.}, year={1986}, pages={263–270} } @inproceedings{dykstra_noga_levine_1986, title={Growth Requirements for an Aphanomyces Isolate Associated with the Fish Disease Menhaden Ulcerative Mycosis}, author={Dykstra, M.J. and Noga, E.J. and Levine, J.F.}, year={1986}, month={Mar} } @article{steere_taylor_wilson_levine_spielman_1986, title={Longitudinal Assessment of the Clinical and Epidemiological Features of Lyme Disease in a Defined Population}, volume={154}, ISSN={0022-1899 1537-6613}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/154.2.295}, DOI={10.1093/infdis/154.2.295}, abstractNote={From 1979 to 1983, Lyme disease was studied longitudinally in the 162 long-term residents of Great Island, Massachusetts. In retrospect, the index case occurred in 1962, and the peak years of disease transmission (about three new cases per 100 residents per year) were the late 1970s. Thereafter, during the period of active surveillance, attack rates declined by half. Altogether, 26 (16%) of the 162 residents developed symptoms of the disease. Most of those affected had erythema chronicum migrans, and when untreated, they subsequently developed arthritis or, in one instance, myocarditis. A minority of individuals, mostly children, had arthritis alone. Of 121 asymptomatic residents who gave blood samples, 10 adults (8%) had high titers of IgG antibodies to the Lyme disease spirochete; these titers sometimes persisted for years. From 1981 to 1983, the estimated ratio of apparent-to-inapparent infection was 1:1. The high frequency of Lyme disease on Great Island underscores the need for surveillance and control programs.}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Infectious Diseases}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Steere, A. C. and Taylor, E. and Wilson, M. L. and Levine, J. F. and Spielman, A.}, year={1986}, month={Aug}, pages={295–300} } @inproceedings{dykstra_noga_levine_1986, title={Morphological, Cultural And Epidemiological Investigations of the Aphanomyces Sp. Associated With Menhaden Ulcerative Mycosis (MUM)}, author={Dykstra, M.J. and Noga, E.J. and Levine, J.F.}, year={1986}, month={Aug} } @article{levine_1986, title={Natures Adaptable Tick}, volume={6}, journal={North Carolina Wildlife Notebook}, author={Levine, J.F.}, year={1986}, pages={1–4} } @inproceedings{gilroy_levine_1986, title={Survival After Cardiopulmonary Resuscitations in Canine Patients}, author={Gilroy, B.A. and Levine, J.F.}, year={1986}, month={Apr} } @inproceedings{noga_dykstra_levine_1986, title={The Pathological, Biological, and Epidemiological Aspects of an Epidemic Disease Problem In Estuarine Fishes}, author={Noga, E.J. and Dykstra, M.J. and Levine, J.F.}, year={1986} } @inproceedings{noga_dykstra_levine_1986, title={Ulcerative Mycosis of Estuarine Fishes; Biology and Pathology of the Fungal Pathogen}, author={Noga, E.J. and Dykstra, M.J. and Levine, J.F.}, year={1986} } @inproceedings{levine_hawkins_1986, title={Ulcerative Mycosis: Epidemiology}, author={Levine, J.F. and Hawkins, J.H.}, year={1986}, month={Nov} } @article{ribiero_malcoul_levine_robinson_spielman_1985, title={Antihemostatic, anti-inflammatory, and immunosuppressive properties of the saliva of a tick, Ixodes dammini}, volume={161}, journal={Journal of Experimental Medicine}, author={Ribiero, J. M. C. and Malcoul, G. T. and Levine, J. F. and Robinson, D. R. and Spielman, A.}, year={1985}, pages={322–324} } @inproceedings{piesman_mather_donahue_levine_campbell_kakrakashim_spielman_1985, title={Comparative Prevalence Of Babesia microti And Borrelia burgdorferi In 4 Ixodes dammini Populations}, author={Piesman, J. and Mather, T.N. and Donahue, J.G. and Levine, J.F. and Campbell, J.D. and Kakrakashim, S.J. and Spielman, A.}, year={1985}, month={Nov} } @misc{spielman_wilson_levine_piesman_1985, title={ECOLOGY OF IXODES-DAMMINI-BORNE HUMAN BABESIOSIS AND LYME DISEASE}, volume={30}, ISSN={["1545-4487"]}, DOI={10.1146/annurev.en.30.010185.002255}, abstractNote={The number of diseases transmitted by Ixodes ticks is remarkable; European I. ricinus and Siberian I. persulcatus each have been incriminated as vectors of ten or more infections, and North American I. dammini serves as vector for at least two. These I. dammini-transmitted infections have, only recently, been found to cause disease in residents of populated regions in North America, thereby stimulating intensive research on the biology of the tick and on both pathogens. This review summarizes the accumulated evidence implicating I. dammini as the vector of babesiosis and Lyme disease, describes the natural history of these zoonoses, and identifies concepts that may assist efforts to reduce the risk of human disease.}, journal={ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY}, author={SPIELMAN, A and WILSON, ML and LEVINE, JF and PIESMAN, J}, year={1985}, pages={439–460} } @article{levine_wilson_spielman_1985, title={Mice as Reservoirs of the Lyme Disease Spirochete}, volume={34}, ISSN={0002-9637 1476-1645}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1985.34.355}, DOI={10.4269/ajtmh.1985.34.355}, abstractNote={In evaluating the white-footed mouse as a reservoir host for the Lyme disease spirochete, we compared spirochete infection in vector ticks (Ixodes dammini) having different histories of attachment to these mice, estimated their relative importance as hosts for immature I. dammini and compared the seasonality of tick activity and spirochetemia in mice. Infection in trapped white-footed mice appears to be universal. Prevalence of spirochetal infection in I. dammini correlates with frequency of attachment to mice, and in mice, with the season of vector activity. The relative abundance of this mouse makes it numerically the most important host for I. dammini. Most immature I. dammini appear to attach to white-footed mice. Taken together, these considerations demonstrate that the white-footed mouse serves as reservoir for the Lyme disease spirochete in coastal Massachusetts.}, number={2}, journal={The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene}, publisher={American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene}, author={Levine, Jay F. and Wilson, Mark L. and Spielman, Andrew}, year={1985}, month={Mar}, pages={355–360} } @inproceedings{grimstad_boromisa_schmitt_levine_1985, title={Virus-Vector Relationships in the Natural Cycle of Jamestown Canyon Virus}, author={Grimstad, P.R. and Boromisa, R.D. and Schmitt, S.M. and Levine, J.F.}, year={1985}, month={Nov} } @article{wilson_levine_spielman_1984, title={Effect of deer reduction and abundance of the deer tick}, volume={57}, journal={Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine}, author={Wilson, M. L. and Levine, J. F. and Spielman, A.}, year={1984}, pages={697–706} } @article{levine_lage_1984, title={House mouse mites infesting laboratory rodents}, volume={34}, journal={Laboratory Animal Science}, author={Levine, J. F. and Lage, A. L.}, year={1984}, pages={393–394} } @article{spielman_levine_wilson_1984, title={Vectorial capacity in Ixodes ticks}, volume={57}, journal={Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine}, author={Spielman, A. and Levine, J. F. and Wilson, M. L.}, year={1984}, pages={507–512} } @inproceedings{wilson_levine_spielman_1983, title={Effect Of Deer Reduction And Abundance of the Deer Tick}, author={Wilson, M.L. and Levine, J.F. and Spielman, A.}, year={1983}, month={Nov} } @inproceedings{spielman_levine_wilson_1983, title={Vectorial Capacity in Ixodes Ticks}, author={Spielman, A. and Levine, J.F. and Wilson, ML}, year={1983}, month={Nov} } @book{levine_eads_osburn_borst, title={Assessment of ponds in the North Carolina Piedmont as a nutritional resource for rearing freshwater mussels for population augmentation}, institution={US Geological Survey/US Fish and Wildlife Service}, author={Levine, J.F. and Eads, C. and Osburn, C. and Borst, L.} } @article{molina_hanlon_savidge_bogan_levine, title={Buoyant weight technique: Application to freshwater bivalves}, volume={20}, number={1-2}, journal={American Malacological Bulletin}, author={Molina, R. and Hanlon, S. and Savidge, T. and Bogan, A. and Levine, J.}, pages={49–53} } @article{eads_bogan_cope_levine, title={Summary of ongoing research: assessment of effects of road crossings; road runoff on freshwater mussels in North Carolina streams}, volume={3}, number={3}, journal={Ellipsaria}, author={Eads, C. B. and Bogan, A. E. and Cope, W. G. and Levine, J. F.}, pages={10} }