@article{glotfelty_alapaty_he_hawbecker_song_zhang_2020, title={Studying Scale Dependency of Aerosol-Cloud Interactions Using Multiscale Cloud Formulations}, volume={77}, ISSN={["1520-0469"]}, DOI={10.1175/JAS-D-19-0203.1}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={11}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES}, author={Glotfelty, Timothy and Alapaty, Kiran and He, Jian and Hawbecker, Patrick and Song, Xiaoliang and Zhang, Guang}, year={2020}, month={Nov}, pages={3847–3868} }
 @article{glotfelty_alapaty_he_hawbecker_song_zhang_2019, title={The Weather Research and Forecasting Model with Aerosol-Cloud Interactions (WRF-ACI): Development, Evaluation, and Initial Application}, volume={147}, ISSN={["1520-0493"]}, DOI={10.1175/MWR-D-18-0267.1}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={5}, journal={MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW}, author={Glotfelty, Timothy and Alapaty, Kiran and He, Jian and Hawbecker, Patrick and Song, Xiaoliang and Zhang, Guang}, year={2019}, month={May}, pages={1491–1511} }
 @article{yahya_wang_campbell_chen_glotfelty_he_pirhalla_zhang_2017, title={Decadal application of WRF/Chem for regional air quality and climate modeling over the US under the representative concentration pathways scenarios. Part 1: Model evaluation and impact of downscaling}, volume={152}, ISSN={["1873-2844"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.12.029}, abstractNote={An advanced online-coupled meteorology-chemistry model, i.e., the Weather Research and Forecasting Model with Chemistry (WRF/Chem), is applied for current (2001–2010) and future (2046–2055) decades under the representative concentration pathways (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios to examine changes in future climate, air quality, and their interactions. In this Part I paper, a comprehensive model evaluation is carried out for current decade to assess the performance of WRF/Chem and WRF under both scenarios and the benefits of downscaling the North Carolina State University's (NCSU) version of the Community Earth System Model (CESM_NCSU) using WRF/Chem. The evaluation of WRF/Chem shows an overall good performance for most meteorological and chemical variables on a decadal scale. Temperature at 2-m is overpredicted by WRF (by ∼0.2–0.3 °C) but underpredicted by WRF/Chem (by ∼0.3–0.4 °C), due to higher radiation from WRF. Both WRF and WRF/Chem show large overpredictions for precipitation, indicating limitations in their microphysics or convective parameterizations. WRF/Chem with prognostic chemical concentrations, however, performs much better than WRF with prescribed chemical concentrations for radiation variables, illustrating the benefit of predicting gases and aerosols and representing their feedbacks into meteorology in WRF/Chem. WRF/Chem performs much better than CESM_NCSU for most surface meteorological variables and O3 hourly mixing ratios. In addition, WRF/Chem better captures observed temporal and spatial variations than CESM_NCSU. CESM_NCSU performance for radiation variables is comparable to or better than WRF/Chem performance because of the model tuning in CESM_NCSU that is routinely made in global models.}, journal={ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT}, author={Yahya, Khairunnisa and Wang, Kai and Campbell, Patrick and Chen, Ying and Glotfelty, Timothy and He, Jian and Pirhalla, Michael and Zhang, Yang}, year={2017}, month={Mar}, pages={562–583} }
 @article{glotfelty_he_zhang_2017, title={Impact of future climate policy scenarios on air quality and aerosol-cloud interactions using an advanced version of CESM/CAM5: Part I. model evaluation for the current decadal simulations}, volume={152}, ISSN={["1873-2844"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.12.035}, abstractNote={A version of the Community Earth System Model modified at the North Carolina State University (CESM-NCSU) is used to simulate the current and future atmosphere following the representative concentration partway scenarios for stabilization of radiative forcing at 4.5 W m−2 (RCP4.5) and radiative forcing of 8.5 W m−2 (RCP8.5). Part I describes the results from a comprehensive evaluation of current decadal simulations. Radiation and most meteorological variables are well simulated in CESM-NCSU. Cloud parameters are not as well simulated due in part to the tuning of model radiation and general biases in cloud variables common to all global chemistry-climate models. The concentrations of most inorganic aerosol species (i.e., SO42-, NH4+, and NO3−) are well simulated with normalized mean biases (NMBs) typically less than 20%. However, some notable exceptions are European NH4+, which is overpredicted by 33.0–42.2% due to high NH3 emissions and irreversible coarse mode condensation, and Cl−, that is negatively impacted by errors in emissions driven by wind speed and overpredicted HNO3. Carbonaceous aerosols are largely underpredicted following the RCP scenarios due to low emissions of black carbon, organic carbon, and anthropogenic volatile compounds in the RCP inventory and efficient wet removal. This results in underpredictions of PM2.5 and PM10 by 6.4–55.7%. The column mass abundances are reasonably well simulated. Larger biases occur in surface mixing ratios of trace gases in CESM-NCSU, likely due to numerical diffusion from the coarse grid spacing of the CESM-NCSU simulations or errors in the magnitudes and vertical structure of emissions. This is especially true for SO2 and NO2. The mixing ratio of O3 is overpredicted by 38.9–76.0% due to the limitations in the O3 deposition scheme used in CESM and insufficient titration resulted from large underpredictions in NO2. Despite these limitations, CESM-NCSU reproduces reasonably well the current atmosphere in terms of radiation, clouds, meteorology, trace gases, aerosols, and aerosol-cloud interactions, making it suitable for future climate simulations.}, journal={ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT}, author={Glotfelty, Timothy and He, Jian and Zhang, Yang}, year={2017}, month={Mar}, pages={222–239} }
 @article{glotfelty_he_zhang_2017, title={Improving organic aerosol treatments in CESM/CAM5: Development, application, and evaluation}, volume={9}, ISSN={["1942-2466"]}, DOI={10.1002/2016ms000874}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS}, author={Glotfelty, Timothy and He, Jian and Zhang, Yang}, year={2017}, month={Jun}, pages={1506–1539} }
 @article{he_zhang_wang_chen_leung_fan_li_zheng_zhang_duan_et al._2017, title={Multi-year application of WRF-CAM5 over East Asia-Part I: Comprehensive evaluation and formation regimes of O-3 and PM2.5}, volume={165}, ISSN={["1873-2844"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.06.015}, abstractNote={Accurate simulations of air quality and climate require robust model parameterizations on regional and global scales. The Weather Research and Forecasting model with Chemistry version 3.4.1 has been coupled with physics packages from the Community Atmosphere Model version 5 (CAM5) (WRF-CAM5) to assess the robustness of the CAM5 physics package for regional modeling at higher grid resolutions than typical grid resolutions used in global modeling. In this two-part study, Part I describes the application and evaluation of WRF-CAM5 over East Asia at a horizontal resolution of 36-km for six years: 2001, 2005, 2006, 2008, 2010, and 2011. The simulations are evaluated comprehensively with a variety of datasets from surface networks, satellites, and aircraft. The results show that meteorology is relatively well simulated by WRF-CAM5. However, cloud variables are largely or moderately underpredicted, indicating uncertainties in the model treatments of dynamics, thermodynamics, and microphysics of clouds/ices as well as aerosol-cloud interactions. For chemical predictions, the tropospheric column abundances of CO, NO2, and O3 are well simulated, but those of SO2 and HCHO are moderately overpredicted, and the column HCHO/NO2 indicator is underpredicted. Large biases exist in the surface concentrations of CO, NOx, and PM10 due to uncertainties in the emissions as well as vertical mixing. The underpredictions of NO lead to insufficient O3 titration, thus O3 overpredictions. The model can generally reproduce the observed O3 and PM indicators. These indicators suggest to control NOx emissions throughout the year, and VOCs emissions in summer in big cities and in winter over North China Plain, North/South Korea, and Japan to reduce surface O3, and to control SO2, NH3, and NOx throughout the year to reduce inorganic surface PM.}, journal={ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT}, author={He, Jian and Zhang, Yang and Wang, Kai and Chen, Ying and Leung, L. Ruby and Fan, Jiwen and Li, Meng and Zheng, Bo and Zhang, Qiang and Duan, Fengkui and et al.}, year={2017}, month={Sep}, pages={122–142} }
 @article{zhang_wang_he_2017, title={Multi-year application of WRF-CAM5 over East Asia-Part II: Interannual variability, trend analysis, and aerosol indirect effects}, volume={165}, ISSN={["1873-2844"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.06.029}, abstractNote={Following a comprehensive evaluation of WRF-CAM5 in Part I, Part II describes analyses of interannual variability, multi-year variation trends, and the direct, indirect, and total effects of anthropogenic aerosols. The interannual variations of chemical column and surface concentrations, and ozone (O3)/particulate matter (PM) indicators are strongly correlated to anthropogenic emission changes. Despite model biases, the model captures well the observed interannual variations of temperature at 2-m, cloud fraction, shortwave cloud forcing, downwelling shortwave radiation, cloud droplet number concentration, column O3, and column formaldehyde (HCHO) for the whole domain. While the model reproduces the volatile organic compound (VOC)-limited regimes of O3 chemistry at sites in Hong Kong, Taiwan, Japan, South Korea, and from the Acid Deposition Monitoring Network in East Asia (EANET) and the degree of sulfate neutralization at the EANET sites, it has limited capability in capturing the interannual variations of the ratio of O3 and nitrogen dioxide (O3/NO2) and PM chemical regime indicators, due to uncertainties in the emissions of precursors for O3 and secondary PM, the model assumption for ammonium bisulfate (NH4HSO4) as well as lack of gas/particle partitioning of total ammonia and total nitrate. While the variation trends in multi-year periods in aerosol optical depth and column concentrations of carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and NO2 are mainly caused by anthropogenic emissions, those of major meteorological and cloud variables partly reflect feedbacks of chemistry to meteorological variables. The impacts of anthropogenic aerosol indirect effects either dominate or play an important role in the aerosol total effects for most cloud and chemical predictions, whereas anthropogenic aerosol direct effects influence most meteorological and radiation variables. The direct, indirect, and total effects of anthropogenic aerosols exhibit a strong interannual variability in 2001, 2006, and 2011.}, journal={ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT}, author={Zhang, Yang and Wang, Kai and He, Jian}, year={2017}, month={Sep}, pages={222–239} }
 @article{yahya_wang_campbell_glotfelty_he_zhang_2016, title={Decadal evaluation of regional climate, air quality, and their interactions over the continental US and their interactions using WRF/Chem version 3.6.1}, volume={9}, number={2}, journal={Geoscientific Model Development}, author={Yahya, K. and Wang, K. and Campbell, P. and Glotfelty, T. and He, J. and Zhang, Y.}, year={2016}, pages={671–695} }
 @article{zhang_he_zhu_gantt_2016, title={Sensitivity of simulated chemical concentrations and aerosol-meteorology interactions to aerosol treatments and biogenic organic emissions in WRF/Chem}, volume={121}, ISSN={["2169-8996"]}, DOI={10.1002/2016jd024882}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={10}, journal={JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES}, author={Zhang, Yang and He, Jian and Zhu, Shuai and Gantt, Brett}, year={2016}, month={May}, pages={6014–6048} }
 @article{he_zhang_tilmes_emmons_lamarque_glotfelty_hodzic_vitt_2015, title={CESM/CAM5 improvement and application: comparison and evaluation of updated CB05_GE and MOZART-4 gas-phase mechanisms and associated impacts on global air quality and climate}, volume={8}, number={12}, journal={Geoscientific Model Development}, author={He, J. and Zhang, Y. and Tilmes, S. and Emmons, L. and Lamarque, J. F. and Glotfelty, T. and Hodzic, A. and Vitt, F.}, year={2015}, pages={3999–4025} }
 @article{he_zhang_glotfelty_he_bennartz_rausch_sartelet_2015, title={Decadal simulation and comprehensive evaluation of CESM/CAM5.1 with advanced chemistry, aerosol microphysics, and aerosol-cloud interactions}, volume={7}, ISSN={["1942-2466"]}, DOI={10.1002/2014ms000360}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS}, publisher={American Geophysical Union (AGU)}, author={He, Jian and Zhang, Yang and Glotfelty, Tim and He, Ruoying and Bennartz, Ralf and Rausch, John and Sartelet, Karine}, year={2015}, month={Mar}, pages={110–141} }
 @article{zhang_zhang_wang_he_leung_fan_nenes_2015, title={Incorporating an advanced aerosol activation parameterization into WRF-CAM5: Model evaluation and parameterization intercomparison}, volume={120}, ISSN={["2169-8996"]}, DOI={10.1002/2014jd023051}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={14}, journal={JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES}, author={Zhang, Yang and Zhang, Xin and Wang, Kai and He, Jian and Leung, L. Ruby and Fan, Jiwen and Nenes, Athanasios}, year={2015}, month={Jul}, pages={6952–6979} }
 @article{yahya_he_zhang_2015, title={Multiyear applications of WRF/Chem over continental US: Model evaluation, variation trend, and impacts of boundary conditions}, volume={120}, ISSN={["2169-8996"]}, DOI={10.1002/2015jd023819}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={24}, journal={JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES}, author={Yahya, Khairunnisa and He, Jian and Zhang, Yang}, year={2015}, month={Dec}, pages={12748–12777} }
 @article{he_zhang_2014, title={Improvement and further development in CESM/CAM5: gas-phase chemistry and inorganic aerosol treatments}, volume={14}, number={17}, journal={Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics}, author={He, J. and Zhang, Y.}, year={2014}, pages={9171–9200} }
 @article{gantt_he_zhang_zhang_nenes_2014, title={Incorporation of advanced aerosol activation treatments into CESM/CAM5: model evaluation and impacts on aerosol indirect effects}, volume={14}, number={14}, journal={Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics}, author={Gantt, B. and He, J. and Zhang, X. and Zhang, Y. and Nenes, A.}, year={2014}, pages={7485–7497} }