@article{hulcr_latimer_henley_rountree_fierer_lucky_lowman_dunn_2012, title={A Jungle in There: Bacteria in Belly Buttons are Highly Diverse, but Predictable}, volume={7}, ISSN={1932-6203}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0047712}, DOI={10.1371/journal.pone.0047712}, abstractNote={The belly button is one of the habitats closest to us, and yet it remains relatively unexplored. We analyzed bacteria and arachaea from the belly buttons of humans from two different populations sampled within a nation-wide citizen science project. We examined bacterial and archaeal phylotypes present and their diversity using multiplex pyrosequencing of 16S rDNA libraries. We then tested the oligarchy hypothesis borrowed from tropical macroecology, namely that the frequency of phylotypes in one sample of humans predicts its frequency in another independent sample. We also tested the predictions that frequent phylotypes (the oligarchs) tend to be common when present, and tend to be more phylogenetically clustered than rare phylotypes. Once rarefied to four hundred reads per sample, bacterial communities from belly buttons proved to be at least as diverse as communities known from other skin studies (on average 67 bacterial phylotypes per belly button). However, the belly button communities were strongly dominated by a few taxa: only 6 phylotypes occurred on >80% humans. While these frequent bacterial phylotypes (the archaea were all rare) are a tiny part of the total diversity of bacteria in human navels (<0.3% of phylotypes), they constitute a major portion of individual reads (∼1/3), and are predictable among independent samples of humans, in terms of both the occurrence and evolutionary relatedness (more closely related than randomly drawn equal sets of phylotypes). Thus, the hypothesis that “oligarchs” dominate diverse assemblages appears to be supported by human-associated bacteria. Although it remains difficult to predict which species of bacteria might be found on a particular human, predicting which species are most frequent (or rare) seems more straightforward, at least for those species living in belly buttons.}, number={11}, journal={PLoS ONE}, publisher={Public Library of Science (PLoS)}, author={Hulcr, Jiri and Latimer, Andrew M. and Henley, Jessica B. and Rountree, Nina R. and Fierer, Noah and Lucky, Andrea and Lowman, Margaret D. and Dunn, Robert R.}, editor={Moreau, Corrie S.Editor}, year={2012}, month={Nov}, pages={e47712} }
 @article{hulcr_rountree_diamond_stelinski_fierer_dunn_2012, title={Mycangia of Ambrosia Beetles Host Communities of Bacteria}, volume={64}, ISSN={["1432-184X"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84866735178&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1007/s00248-012-0055-5}, abstractNote={The research field of animal and plant symbioses is advancing from studying interactions between two species to whole communities of associates. High-throughput sequencing of microbial communities supports multiplexed sampling for statistically robust tests of hypotheses about symbiotic associations. We focus on ambrosia beetles, the increasingly damaging insects primarily associated with fungal symbionts, which have also been reported to support bacteria. To analyze the diversity, composition, and specificity of the beetles' prokaryotic associates, we combine global sampling, insect anatomy, 454 sequencing of bacterial rDNA, and multivariate statistics to analyze prokaryotic communities in ambrosia beetle mycangia, organs mostly known for transporting symbiotic fungi. We analyze six beetle species that represent three types of mycangia and include several globally distributed species, some with major economic importance (Dendroctonus frontalis, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus bispinatus-ferrugineus, Xyleborus glabratus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus). Ninety-six beetle mycangia yielded 1,546 bacterial phylotypes. Several phylotypes appear to form the core microbiome of the mycangium. Three Mycoplasma (originally thought restricted to vertebrates), two Burkholderiales, and two Pseudomonadales are repeatedly present worldwide in multiple beetle species. However, no bacterial phylotypes were universally present, suggesting that ambrosia beetles are not obligately dependent on bacterial symbionts. The composition of bacterial communities is structured by the host beetle species more than by the locality of origin, which suggests that more bacteria are vertically transmitted than acquired from the environment. The invasive X. glabratus and the globally distributed X. crassiusculus have unique sets of bacteria, different from species native to North America. We conclude that the mycangium hosts in multiple vertically transmitted bacteria such as Mycoplasma, most of which are likely facultative commensals or parasites.}, number={3}, journal={MICROBIAL ECOLOGY}, author={Hulcr, J. and Rountree, N. R. and Diamond, S. E. and Stelinski, L. L. and Fierer, N. and Dunn, R. R.}, year={2012}, month={Oct}, pages={784–793} }
 @article{cognato_hulcr_dole_jordal_2011, title={Phylogeny of haplo-diploid, fungus-growing ambrosia beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae: Xyleborini) inferred from molecular and morphological data}, volume={40}, number={2}, journal={Zoologica Scripta}, author={Cognato, A. I. and Hulcr, J. and Dole, S. A. and Jordal, B. H.}, year={2011}, pages={174–186} }
 @article{hulcr_adams_raffa_hofstetter_klepzig_currie_2011, title={Presence and diversity of Streptomyces in dendroctonus and sympatric bark beetle galleries across North America}, volume={61}, number={4}, journal={Microbial Ecology}, author={Hulcr, J. and Adams, A. S. and Raffa, K. and Hofstetter, R. W. and Klepzig, K. D. and Currie, C. R.}, year={2011}, pages={759–768} }
 @article{hulcr_mann_stelinski_2011, title={The scent of a partner: Ambrosia beetles are attracted to volatiles from their fungal symbionts}, volume={37}, number={12}, journal={Journal of Chemical Ecology}, author={Hulcr, J. and Mann, R. and Stelinski, L. L.}, year={2011}, pages={1374–1377} }
 @misc{hulcr_dunn_2011, title={The sudden emergence of pathogenicity in insect-fungus symbioses threatens naive forest ecosystems}, volume={278}, ISSN={["1471-2954"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-80052225898&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1098/rspb.2011.1130}, abstractNote={Invasive symbioses between wood-boring insects and fungi are emerging as a new and currently uncontrollable threat to forest ecosystems, as well as fruit and timber industries throughout the world. The bark and ambrosia beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae) constitute the large majority of these pests, and are accompanied by a diverse community of fungal symbionts. Increasingly, some invasive symbioses are shifting from non-pathogenic saprotrophy in native ranges to a prolific tree-killing in invaded ranges, and are causing significant damage. In this paper, we review the current understanding of invasive insect–fungus symbioses. We then ask why some symbioses that evolved as non-pathogenic saprotrophs, turn into major tree-killers in non-native regions. We argue that a purely pathology-centred view of the guild is not sufficient for explaining the lethal encounters between exotic symbionts and naive trees. Instead, we propose several testable hypotheses that, if correct, lead to the conclusion that the sudden emergence of pathogenicity is a new evolutionary phenomenon with global biogeographical dynamics. To date, evidence suggests that virulence of the symbioses in invaded ranges is often triggered when several factors coincide: (i) invasion into territories with naive trees, (ii) the ability of the fungus to either overcome resistance of the naive host or trigger a suicidal over-reaction, and (iii) an ‘olfactory mismatch’ in the insect whereby a subset of live trees is perceived as dead and suitable for colonization. We suggest that individual cases of tree mortality caused by invasive insect–fungus symbionts should no longer be studied separately, but in a global, biogeographically and phylogenetically explicit comparative framework.}, number={1720}, journal={PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES}, author={Hulcr, Jiri and Dunn, Robert R.}, year={2011}, month={Oct}, pages={2866–2873} }
 @article{novotny_miller_baje_balagawi_basset_cizek_craft_dem_drew_hulcr_et al._2010, title={Guild-specific patterns of species richness and host specialization in plant-herbivore food webs from a tropical forest}, volume={79}, number={6}, journal={Journal of Animal Ecology}, author={Novotny, V. and Miller, S. E. and Baje, L. and Balagawi, S. and Basset, Y. and Cizek, L. and Craft, K. J. and Dem, F. and Drew, R. A. I. and Hulcr, J. and et al.}, year={2010}, pages={1193–1203} }
 @article{hulcr_cognato_2010, title={New genera of Palaeotropical Xyleborini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) based on congruence between morphological and molecular characters}, number={2717}, journal={Zootaxa}, author={Hulcr, J. and Cognato, A. I.}, year={2010}, pages={1–33} }
 @article{hulcr_cognato_2010, title={Repeated evolution of crop theft in fungus-farming ambrosia beetles}, volume={64}, number={11}, journal={Evolution}, author={Hulcr, J. and Cognato, A. I.}, year={2010}, pages={3205–3212} }
 @article{hulcr_2010, title={Taxonomic changes in palaeotropical Xyleborini (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae)}, number={56}, journal={ZooKeys}, author={Hulcr, J.}, year={2010}, pages={105–119} }