@article{strange_tripodi_huntzinger_knoblett_klinger_herndon_vuong_mcfrederick_irwin_evans_et al._2023, title={Comparative analysis of 3 pollen sterilization methods for feeding bumble bees}, volume={116}, ISSN={0022-0493 1938-291X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/toad036}, DOI={10.1093/jee/toad036}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Economic Entomology}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Strange, James P and Tripodi, Amber D and Huntzinger, Craig and Knoblett, Joyce and Klinger, Ellen and Herndon, James D and Vuong, Hoang Q and McFrederick, Quinn S and Irwin, Rebecca E and Evans, Jay D and et al.}, editor={Tarpy, DavidEditor}, year={2023}, month={Mar}, pages={662–673} }
 @article{giacomini_adler_reading_irwin_2023, title={Differential bumble bee gene expression associated with pathogen infection and pollen diet}, volume={24}, ISSN={1471-2164}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12864-023-09143-5}, DOI={10.1186/s12864-023-09143-5}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={BMC Genomics}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Giacomini, Jonathan J. and Adler, Lynn S. and Reading, Benjamin J. and Irwin, Rebecca E.}, year={2023}, month={Mar} }
 @article{giacomini_moore_adler_irwin_2022, title={Sunflower pollen induces rapid excretion in bumble bees: Implications for host-pathogen interactions}, volume={137}, ISSN={0022-1910}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinsphys.2022.104356}, DOI={10.1016/j.jinsphys.2022.104356}, abstractNote={Host diet can have a profound effect on host-pathogen interactions, including indirect effects on pathogens mediated through host physiology. In bumble bees (Bombus impatiens), the consumption of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) pollen dramatically reduces infection by the gut protozoan pathogen Crithidia bombi. One hypothesis for the medicinal effect of sunflower pollen is that consumption changes host gut physiological function, causing rapid excretion that flushes C. bombi from the system. We tested the effect of pollen diet and C. bombi infection on gut transit properties using a 2x2 factorial experiment in which bees were infected with C. bombi or not and fed sunflower or wildflower pollen diet. We measured several non-mutually exclusive physiological processes that underlie the insect excretory system, including gut transit time, bi-hourly excretion rate, the total number of excretion events and the total volume of excrement. Sunflower pollen significantly reduced gut transit time in uninfected bees, and increased the total number of excretion events and volume of excrement by 66 % and 68 %, respectively, in both infected and uninfected bees. Here we show that a sunflower pollen diet can affect host physiology gut function, causing more rapid and greater excretion. These results provide important insight into a mechanism that could underlie the medicinal effect of sunflower pollen for bumble bees.}, journal={Journal of Insect Physiology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Giacomini, Jonathan J. and Moore, Nicholas and Adler, Lynn S. and Irwin, Rebecca E.}, year={2022}, month={Feb}, pages={104356} }
 @article{fowler_giacomini_connon_irwin_adler_2022, title={Sunflower pollen reduces a gut pathogen in the model bee species,
            <i>Bombus impatiens
            , but has weaker effects in three wild congeners}, volume={289}, ISSN={0962-8452 1471-2954}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2021.1909}, DOI={10.1098/rspb.2021.1909}, abstractNote={
            Commercial bumblebees have become popular models to understand stressors and solutions for pollinator health, but few studies test whether results translate to other pollinators. Consuming sunflower pollen dramatically reduces infection by the gut parasite
            Crithidia bombi
            in commercially reared
            Bombus impatiens
            . We assessed the effect of sunflower pollen on infection in wild
            B. impatiens
            ,
            Bombus griseocollis, Bombus bimaculatus
            and
            Bombus vagans
            . We also asked how pollen diet (50% sunflower pollen versus wildflower pollen) and infection (yes/no) affected performance in wild
            B. impatiens
            microcolonies. Compared to controls, sunflower pollen dramatically reduced
            Crithidia
            infection in commercial and wild
            B. impatiens,
            had similar but less dramatic effects in
            B. bimaculatus
            and
            B. vagans
            , and no effect in
            B. griseocollis
            .
            Bombus impatiens, B. bimaculatus
            and
            B. vagans
            are in the same subgenus, suggesting that responses to sunflower pollen may be phylogenetically conserved. In microcolonies, 50% sunflower pollen reduced infection compared to wildflower pollen, but also reduced reproduction. Sunflower pollen could control
            Crithidia
            infections in
            B. impatiens
            and potentially close relatives, but may hinder reproduction if other resources are scarce. We caution that research using managed bee species, such as
            B. impatiens
            , be interpreted carefully as findings may not relate to all bee species.
          }, number={1968}, journal={Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences}, publisher={The Royal Society}, author={Fowler, Alison E. and Giacomini, Jonathan J. and Connon, Sara June and Irwin, Rebecca E. and Adler, Lynn S.}, year={2022}, month={Feb} }
 @article{giacomini_connon_marulanda_adler_irwin_2021, title={The costs and benefits of sunflower pollen diet on bumble bee colony disease and health}, volume={12}, ISSN={2150-8925 2150-8925}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3663}, DOI={10.1002/ecs2.3663}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={7}, journal={Ecosphere}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Giacomini, Jonathan J. and Connon, Sara J. and Marulanda, Daniel and Adler, Lynn S. and Irwin, Rebecca E.}, year={2021}, month={Jul} }
 @article{giacomini_leslie_tarpy_palmer-young_irwin_adler_2018, title={Medicinal value of sunflower pollen against bee pathogens}, volume={8}, ISSN={2045-2322}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-32681-y}, DOI={10.1038/s41598-018-32681-y}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={Scientific Reports}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Giacomini, Jonathan J. and Leslie, Jessica and Tarpy, David R. and Palmer-Young, Evan C. and Irwin, Rebecca E. and Adler, Lynn S.}, year={2018}, month={Sep} }