@article{casola_peterson_pacifici_sills_moorman_2023, title={Conservation motivations and willingness to pay for wildlife management areas among recreational user groups}, volume={132}, ISSN={["1873-5754"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.landusepol.2023.106801}, abstractNote={Conservation agencies routinely evaluate the costs and benefits of land management and land acquisition options for wildlife management areas (WMAs). Non-market values, for example visitors’ consumer surplus, are often absent from these comparisons. Better estimates of willingness to pay (WTP) for WMAs will allow managers to quantify consumer surpluses for different user groups, identify opportunities to generate additional conservation funding, and improve communication with users. We used the contingent valuation method to estimate the WTP for conservation of WMAs by different user groups. We used interval censored regression to estimate WTP for each user group and modeled how WTP varied with visitation frequency, demographics, and type of use. Dual users, those who participated in both licensed (hunting, angling, or trapping) and non-licensed (all other) activities, had greater WTP ($200.07, 95% CI [$161.18, $238.95]) than users who exclusively participated in either a single non-licensed ($74.74, 95% CI [$50.45, $99.02]) or a single licensed activity ($68.21, 95% CI [$48.41, $88.00]). Willingness-to-pay increased with the number of visits to WMAs per year, college education, and income. The most popular donation motivations were that respondents cared about WMA conservation (72%), wanted WMAs to be around for future generations (70%) and personally benefited from the conservation of WMAs (64%). Similar to a scope test, this study demonstrated greater WTP by users who participate in more diverse recreation types on WMAs. Additionally, our findings show that WMA users, particularly users who engage in multiple activities including at least one that does not require a license, enjoy large consumer surpluses and thus could be drawn on for additional financial support for WMA conservation.}, journal={LAND USE POLICY}, author={Casola, William R. and Peterson, M. Nils and Pacifici, Krishna and Sills, Erin O. and Moorman, Christopher E.}, year={2023}, month={Sep} }
 @article{kreh_pease_pacifici_2023, title={Efficacy of autonomous recording units to evaluate wild turkey gobbling chronology in North Carolina, USA}, volume={3}, ISSN={["2328-5540"]}, DOI={10.1002/wsb.1433}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN}, author={Kreh, Christopher D. and Pease, Brent S. and Pacifici, Krishna}, year={2023}, month={Mar} }
 @article{boone_moorman_terando_moscicki_collier_chamberlain_pacifici_2023, title={Minimal shift of eastern wild turkey nesting phenology associated with projected climate change}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecochg.2023.100075}, DOI={10.1016/j.ecochg.2023.100075}, abstractNote={Climate change may induce mismatches between wildlife reproductive phenology and temporal occurrence of resources necessary for reproductive success. Verifying and elucidating the causal mechanisms behind potential mismatches requires large-scale, longer-duration data. We used eastern wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris) nesting data collected across the southeastern U.S. over eight years to investigate potential climatic drivers of variation in nest initiation dates. We investigated climactic relationships with two datasets, one inclusive of successful and unsuccessful nests (full dataset) and another of just successful nests (successfully hatched dataset), to determine whether successfully hatched nests responded differently to weather changes than all nests did. In the full dataset, each 10 cm increase in January precipitation was associated with nesting occurring 0.46–0.66 days earlier, and each 10 cm increase in precipitation during the 30 days preceding nesting was associated with nesting occurring 0.17–0.21 days later. In the successfully hatched dataset, a 10 cm increase in March precipitation was associated with nesting occurring 0.67–0.74 days earlier, and an increase of one unit of variation in February maximum temperature was associated with nesting occurring 0.02 days later. We combined the results of these modeled relationships with multiple climate scenarios to understand potential implications of future climate change on wild turkey nesting phenology; results indicated that mean nest initiation date is projected to change by <0.1 day by 2040–2060. Wild turkey nesting phenology did not track changes in spring green-up timing, which could result in phenological mismatch between the timing of nesting and the availability of resources critical for successful reproduction.}, journal={Climate Change Ecology}, author={Boone, Wesley W. and Moorman, Christopher E. and Terando, Adam J. and Moscicki, David J. and Collier, Bret A. and Chamberlain, Michael J. and Pacifici, Krishna}, year={2023}, month={Nov} }
 @article{torres-molinari_engman_pacifici_dolloff_myers_kwak_2023, title={Patterns in longitudinal distribution of American Eel (Anguilla rostrata) population characteristics in rivers of Puerto Rico}, volume={7}, ISSN={["1365-2400"]}, DOI={10.1111/fme.12645}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND ECOLOGY}, author={Torres-Molinari, A. and Engman, A. C. and Pacifici, K. and Dolloff, C. A. and Myers, B. J. E. and Kwak, T. J.}, year={2023}, month={Jul} }
 @article{boone_moorman_moscicki_collier_chamberlain_terando_pacifici_2023, title={Robust assessment of associations between weather and eastern wild turkey nest success}, volume={11}, ISSN={["1937-2817"]}, DOI={10.1002/jwmg.22524}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT}, author={Boone, Wesley W. and Moorman, Christopher E. and Moscicki, David J. and Collier, Bret A. and Chamberlain, Michael J. and Terando, Adam J. and Pacifici, Krishna}, year={2023}, month={Nov} }
 @article{wightman_ulrey_bakner_cantrell_ruth_rushton_cedotal_kilgo_moscicki_pacifici_et al._2023, title={Survival and cause-specific mortality of male wild turkeys across the southeastern United States}, volume={12}, ISSN={["1937-2817"]}, DOI={10.1002/jwmg.22531}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT}, author={Wightman, Patrick H. and Ulrey, Erin E. and Bakner, Nicholas W. and Cantrell, Jay R. and Ruth, Charles R. and Rushton, Emily and Cedotal, Cody A. and Kilgo, John C. and Moscicki, David J. and Pacifici, Krishna and et al.}, year={2023}, month={Dec} }
 @article{vanvuuren_vanvuuren_silverberg_manning_pacifici_dorgeloh_campbell_2023, title={Ungulate responses and habituation to unmanned aerial vehicles in Africa's savanna}, volume={18}, ISSN={["1932-6203"]}, DOI={10.1371/journal.pone.0288975}, abstractNote={This article tests the hypothesis that “the likelihood that the species will react and level at which they do to the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is related to the altitude, number of passes, sound intensity, type of UAV, takeoff distance, and species.” This paper examined the behavioral responses of a group of free ranging ungulate species (Oryx, Kudu, Springbok, Giraffe, Eland, Hartebeest, and Impala) found in an animal reserve in Namibia to the presence of different in-flight UAV models. The study included 397 passes (trials) over 99 flights at altitudes ranging from 15 to 55 meters in three categories of response level: No response, Alert, and Movement. The ungulates were unhabituated to the UAVs and the study was conducted in the presence of stress-inducing events that occur naturally in the environment. Certain species were found to be more reactive than others, in addition to several displaying different response levels in single or mixed herd environments. Zebras were found to be less responsive in mixed herd environments while Oryx were present, as compared to when the Oryx were not; suggesting that some species may respond based on other species perception of threat or their relative fitness levels. The UAVs also produced inconsistent response rates between movement and alert behavior. The reference vehicle, Phantom 3 was much more likely than the Mavic to induce an alert response, while both having similar probabilities of inducing a movement response. Furthermore, the Custom X8 showed significantly more alert and movement responses than the other UAVs. This shows there may be several aspects to the UAVs that affect the responses of the ungulates. For instance, the sound intensity may alert the species more often, but close proximity may induce a movement response. More generally, the data shows that when the UAV is flying above 50 meters and has a measured sound intensity below 50 dB, the likelihood of inducing a movement response on an ungulate species is below 6% regardless of the vehicle on the first pass over the animals. Additionally, with each subsequent pass the likelihood of response dropped by approximately 20 percent. The results suggest a stronger correlation between flight altitude and response across the different ungulates, and the evidence suggests rapid habituation to the UAVs.}, number={7}, journal={PLOS ONE}, author={vanVuuren, Marlice and vanVuuren, Rudie and Silverberg, Larry M. and Manning, Joe and Pacifici, Krishna and Dorgeloh, Werner and Campbell, Jennifer}, year={2023}, month={Jul} }
 @article{boone_pacifici_moorman_kays_2023, title={Using decoys and camera traps to estimate depredation rates and neonate survival}, volume={18}, ISSN={["1932-6203"]}, DOI={10.1371/journal.pone.0293328}, abstractNote={Ungulate neonates—individuals less than four weeks old—typically experience the greatest predation rates, and variation in their survival can influence ungulate population dynamics. Typical methods to measure neonate survival involve capture and radio-tracking of adults and neonates to discover mortality events. This type of fieldwork is invasive and expensive, can bias results if it leads to neonate abandonment, and may still have high uncertainty about the predator species involved. Here we explore the potential for a non-invasive approach to estimate an index for neonate survival using camera traps paired with decoys that mimic white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) neonates in the first month of life. We monitored sites with camera traps for two weeks before and after the placement of the neonate decoy and urine scent lure. Predator response to the decoy was classified into three categories: did not approach, approached within 2.5 m but did not touch the decoy, or physically touched the decoy; when conducting survival analyses, we considered these second two categories as dead neonates. The majority (76.3%) of the predators approached the decoy, with 51.1% initiating physical contact. Decoy probability of survival was 0.31 (95% CI = 0.22, 0.35) for a 30-day period. Decoys within the geographic range of American black bear (Ursus americanus) were primarily (75%) attacked by bears. Overall, neonate survival probability decreased as predator abundance increased. The camera-decoy protocol required about ½ the effort and 1/3 the budget of traditional capture-track approaches. We conclude that the camera-decoy approach is a cost-effective method to estimate a neonate survival probability index based on depredation probability and identify which predators are most important.}, number={10}, journal={PLOS ONE}, author={Boone, Hailey M. and Pacifici, Krishna and Moorman, Christopher E. and Kays, Roland}, year={2023}, month={Oct} }
 @article{sanders_stewart_pacifici_hess_olfenbuttel_deperno_2023, title={Variations in reproduction and age structure in the North American river otter in North Carolina, USA}, volume={87}, ISSN={0022-541X 1937-2817}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.22361}, DOI={10.1002/jwmg.22361}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={3}, journal={The Journal of Wildlife Management}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Sanders, Charles W., II and Stewart, Dennis L. and Pacifici, Krishna and Hess, George R. and Olfenbuttel, Colleen and DePerno, Christopher S.}, year={2023}, month={Jan} }
 @article{casola_peterson_sills_pacifici_moorman_2022, title={Economic contributions of wildlife management areas in North Carolina}, volume={140}, ISSN={["1872-7050"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.forpol.2022.102747}, abstractNote={Wildlife management areas (WMAs) provide a wide range of ecosystem services. Among these services, hunting and fishing often make the most obvious contribution to local and state economies through the expenditures of the hunters and anglers. However, the total economic contributions of WMAs also include other forms of recreation that are generally less visible, unlicensed, and less well understood. Quantifying the size of the economic contribution from all recreationists can inform decisions about investment in and management of public lands. To this end, we estimated the direct, indirect, and induced economic contributions of recreation on protected land managed by the state of North Carolina (NC) primarily for hunting, fishing, and wildlife conservation (hereafter WMAs). We collected data on visitation and conducted in-person intercept surveys at 9 WMAs to estimate the number of visits and expenditures per visit for people engaged in activities that required licenses (e.g., hunting) and activities that did not (e.g., hiking and bird watching). We estimated annual visitation on the 9 study WMAs, accounting for differences in location, hunting season, day of the week, and weather. We then predicted annual visitation at all 94 WMAs in NC using a predictive regression model. Most visitors did not engage in any licensed activities, and those visitors spent more per trip on average ($119.83) and had greater variability in expenses than visitors engaged in licensed activities ($84.19). We used the estimates of total annual visits, expenditures per visit, and the distribution of those expenditures across sectors to calculate the economic contribution of recreation on each of the 9 study WMAs and on the entire WMA system in NC. Recreation was responsible for approximately 2200 jobs, $84 million USD in annual labor income, and $140 million USD in value added annually in NC. The majority of this contribution was due to visits made by users not engage in licensed uses of WMAs, as those users were more numerous, spent more per trip, and were more likely to visit WMAs in peri-urban areas with more economic linkages than rural areas.}, journal={FOREST POLICY AND ECONOMICS}, author={Casola, William R. and Peterson, M. Nils and Sills, Erin O. and Pacifici, Krishna and Moorman, Christopher E.}, year={2022}, month={Jul} }
 @article{pease_pacifici_kays_2022, title={Exploring spatial nonstationarity for four mammal species reveals regional variation in environmental relationships}, volume={13}, ISSN={["2150-8925"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4166}, DOI={10.1002/ecs2.4166}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={8}, journal={ECOSPHERE}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Pease, Brent S. and Pacifici, Krishna and Kays, Roland}, year={2022}, month={Aug} }
 @article{patton_pacifici_collazo_2022, title={Modeling and estimating co-occurrence between the invasive Shiny Cowbird and its Puerto Rican hosts}, volume={5}, ISSN={["1573-1464"]}, DOI={10.1007/s10530-022-02825-3}, journal={BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS}, author={Patton, Philip T. and Pacifici, Krishna and Collazo, Jaime A.}, year={2022}, month={May} }
 @article{parsons_dawrs_nelson_norton_virdi_hasan_epperson_holst_chan_leos-barajas_et al._2022, title={Soil Properties and Moisture Synergistically Influence Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Prevalence in Natural Environments of Hawai'i}, volume={4}, ISSN={["1098-5336"]}, DOI={10.1128/aem.00018-22}, abstractNote={Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitous in the environment, being found commonly in soils and natural bodies of freshwater. However, little is known about the environmental niches of NTM and how they relate to NTM prevalence in homes and other human-dominated areas.}, journal={APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY}, author={Parsons, Arielle W. and Dawrs, Stephanie N. and Nelson, Stephen T. and Norton, Grant J. and Virdi, Ravleen and Hasan, Nabeeh A. and Epperson, L. Elaine and Holst, Brady and Chan, Edward D. and Leos-Barajas, Vianey and et al.}, year={2022}, month={Apr} }
 @article{pease_pacifici_kays_reich_2022, title={What drives spatially varying ecological relationships in a wide-ranging species?}, volume={7}, ISSN={["1472-4642"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13594}, DOI={10.1111/ddi.13594}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Pease, Brent S. and Pacifici, Krishna and Kays, Roland and Reich, Brian}, year={2022}, month={Jul} }
 @article{rosche_moorman_kroeger_pacifici_jones_deperno_2021, title={Effects of Prescribed Fire on Northern Bobwhite Nesting Ecology}, volume={45}, ISSN={2328-5540 2328-5540}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wsb.1183}, DOI={10.1002/wsb.1183}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT}, number={2}, journal={Wildlife Society Bulletin}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Rosche, Sarah B. and Moorman, Christopher E. and Kroeger, Anthony J. and Pacifici, Krishna and Jones, Jeffrey G. and DePerno, Christopher S.}, year={2021}, month={Jun}, pages={249–257} }
 @article{cope_kwak_black_pacifici_harris_miller_raley_hallerman_2021, title={Genetic Structure and Diversity of the Endemic Carolina Madtom and Conservation Implications}, volume={41}, ISSN={["1548-8675"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1002/nafm.10589}, DOI={10.1002/nafm.10589}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={S1}, journal={NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Cope, W. Robert and Kwak, Thomas J. and Black, Tyler R. and Pacifici, Krishna and Harris, Sheila C. and Miller, Caitlin M. and Raley, Morgan E. and Hallerman, Eric M.}, year={2021}, month={Oct}, pages={S27–S41} }
 @article{rivera-burgos_collazo_terando_pacifici_2021, title={Linking demographic rates to local environmental conditions: Empirical data to support climate adaptation strategies for Eleutherodactylus frogs}, volume={28}, ISSN={["2351-9894"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01624}, DOI={10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01624}, abstractNote={Conducting managed species translocations and establishing climate change refugia are adaptation strategies to cope with projected consequences of global warming, but successful implementation requires on-the-ground validation of demographic responses to transient climate conditions. Here we estimated the effect of nine abiotic and biotic factors on local occupancy and an index of abundance (few or chorus) for four amphibian species (Eleutherodactylus wightmanae, E. brittoni, E. antillensis, and E. coqui) in Puerto Rico, USA. We also assessed how the same factors influenced reproductive activity of E. coqui and how species responded to hurricane María (20 September 2017). As predicted, occupancy and abundance of E. wightmanae, E. brittoni and E. coqui were positively and strongly influenced by abiotic covariates (e.g., relative humidity) that characterize high elevation, mesic habitats. E. antillensis exhibited the opposite pattern, with highest probabilities (≥0.6) recorded at ≤300 m and with average relative humidity<75%. Biotic covariates (e.g., canopy cover) had a weak influence on both parameters, regardless of species. High probabilities (≥0.9) of detecting an E. coqui chorus and active nests occurred at sites experiencing average relative humidity of>80% and temperature of ≤26 °C. Moderate to high probabilities of detecting a chorus (0.4–0.7) were recorded at sites with average temperatures>26 °C, but no reproductive activity was detected, implying that monitoring abundance alone could misrepresent the capacity of a local population to sustain itself. The possibility underscores the importance of understanding the interplay between local demographic and environmental parameters in the advent of global warming to help guide monitoring and management decisions, especially for high elevation specialists. Hurricanes can inflict marked reductions in population numbers, but impacts vary by location and species. We found that the abundance (chorus) of E. antillensis and E. brittoni increased after the hurricane, but the abundance of the other two species did not differ between years. Lack of impacts was probably mediated by low structural damage to forest tracts (e.g., 9% canopy loss). Our findings help assess habitat suitability in terms of parameters that foster local population growth, which provides a basis for testing spatio-temporal predictions about demographic rates in potential climate refugia and for designing criteria to help guide managed translocations.}, journal={GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Rivera-Burgos, Ana C. and Collazo, Jaime A. and Terando, Adam J. and Pacifici, Krishna}, year={2021}, month={Aug} }
 @article{casola_peterson_wu_sills_pease_pacifici_2021, title={Measuring the value of public hunting land using a hedonic approach}, volume={8}, ISSN={["1533-158X"]}, DOI={10.1080/10871209.2021.1953196}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Acquisition of public land is critical for wildlife conservation and can impact local tax bases and property values. Those impacts reflect the capitalized value of benefits (e.g., recreational opportunities) and costs (e.g., nuisance wildlife) of living near protected areas. We employed the hedonic price framework to determine how proximity and adjacency to public hunting land in North Carolina were capitalized into housing prices. We modeled sale price as the composite value of structural, neighborhood, and environmental characteristics. Proximity to public hunting land had positive effects on sale price in some locations, whereas adjacency had negative effects in some locations. These relationships were dependent on the sociocultural context of the public hunting land, including proximity to other forms of public land. This research may help facilitate negotiations among stakeholders impacted by protected areas, including land dedicated to wildlife-based recreation.}, journal={HUMAN DIMENSIONS OF WILDLIFE}, author={Casola, William R. and Peterson, M. Nils and Wu, Yu and Sills, Erin O. and Pease, Brent S. and Pacifici, Krishna}, year={2021}, month={Aug} }
 @article{casola_peterson_pacifici_moorman_2021, title={Public support and visitation impacts of Sunday hunting on public hunting lands}, volume={26}, ISSN={["1533-158X"]}, DOI={10.1080/10871209.2020.1811923}, abstractNote={Sunday hunting legislation is complex, and often controversial, resulting in recreation impacts for both traditional (hunters, anglers, trappers) and non-traditional (e.g., hikers, birders, bikers,...}, number={1}, journal={HUMAN DIMENSIONS OF WILDLIFE}, author={Casola, William R. and Peterson, M. Nils and Pacifici, Krishna and Moorman, Christopher E.}, year={2021}, month={Jan}, pages={94–97} }
 @article{foley_pacifici_baird_webster_swaim_read_2021, title={Residency and movement patterns of Cuvier's beaked whales Ziphius cavirostris off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, USA}, volume={660}, ISSN={["1616-1599"]}, DOI={10.3354/meps13593}, abstractNote={Cuvier’s beaked whalesZiphius cavirostrisare wide-ranging, deep-diving cetaceans that are particularly sensitive to anthropogenic noise. Current stock assessments assume a single population in the western North Atlantic Ocean, but knowledge of the residency patterns and distribution of the species is currently lacking in the region. Here we describe the spatial ecology of 20 Cuvier’s beaked whales equipped with satellite-linked tags off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, USA, between 2014 and 2017. We applied a hierarchical switching state-space model to filter location estimates and define behavioral states of area-restricted search (ARS) and transit. We used kernel density estimation to identify high use areas, and net squared displacement analyses to assess residency. The vast majority (96%) of locations were classified as ARS behavior, suggesting that tagged whales allocated much of their time to foraging. Maximum net displacement had a sample median of 50 km, and 81% of individual whales were classified as demonstrating a resident, or ‘home range,’ movement pattern. Overall, our research indicates a localized population of Cuvier’s beaked whales occupying the area off Cape Hatteras. The tagged animals demonstrated a small, defined core use area and exhibited little displacement from the region. These patterns of movement and spatial use can inform future conservation and management of this species, which is vulnerable to anthropogenic disturbances caused by several sources, including mid-frequency active sonar and seismic exploration.}, journal={MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES}, author={Foley, Heather J. and Pacifici, Krishna and Baird, Robin W. and Webster, Daniel L. and Swaim, Zachary T. and Read, Andrew J.}, year={2021}, month={Feb}, pages={203–216} }
 @article{pease_pacifici_collazo_2021, title={Survey design optimization for monitoring wildlife communities in areas managed for federally endangered species}, volume={24}, ISSN={["1469-1795"]}, DOI={10.1111/acv.12681}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={5}, journal={ANIMAL CONSERVATION}, author={Pease, B. S. and Pacifici, K. and Collazo, J. A.}, year={2021}, month={Oct}, pages={756–769} }
 @article{kays_arbogast_baker‐whatton_beirne_boone_bowler_burneo_cove_ding_espinosa_et al._2020, title={An empirical evaluation of camera trap study design: How many, how long and when?}, volume={11}, ISSN={2041-210X 2041-210X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.13370}, DOI={10.1111/2041-210X.13370}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={6}, journal={Methods in Ecology and Evolution}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Kays, Roland and Arbogast, Brian S. and Baker‐Whatton, Megan and Beirne, Chris and Boone, Hailey M. and Bowler, Mark and Burneo, Santiago F. and Cove, Michael V. and Ding, Ping and Espinosa, Santiago and et al.}, editor={Fisher, DianaEditor}, year={2020}, month={Apr}, pages={700–713} }
 @article{huberman_reich_pacifici_collazo_2020, title={Estimating the drivers of species distributions with opportunistic data using mediation analysis}, volume={11}, ISSN={["2150-8925"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3165}, DOI={10.1002/ecs2.3165}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={6}, journal={ECOSPHERE}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Huberman, David B. and Reich, Brian J. and Pacifici, Krishna and Collazo, Jaime A.}, year={2020}, month={Jun} }
 @article{grantham_reich_laber_pacifici_dunn_fierer_gebert_allwood_faith_2020, title={Global forensic geolocation with deep neural networks}, volume={69}, ISSN={["1467-9876"]}, DOI={10.1111/rssc.12427}, abstractNote={Summary}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL STATISTICAL SOCIETY SERIES C-APPLIED STATISTICS}, author={Grantham, Neal S. and Reich, Brian J. and Laber, Eric B. and Pacifici, Krishna and Dunn, Robert R. and Fierer, Noah and Gebert, Matthew and Allwood, Julia S. and Faith, Seth A.}, year={2020}, month={Aug}, pages={909–929} }
 @article{sanders_olfenbuttel_pacifici_hess_livingston_deperno_2020, title={LEPTOSPIRA, PARVOVIRUS, AND TOXOPLASMA IN THE NORTH AMERICAN RIVER OTTER (LONTRA CANADENSIS) IN NORTH CAROLINA, USA}, volume={56}, ISSN={["1943-3700"]}, DOI={10.7589/2019-05-129}, abstractNote={Abstract: The North American river otter (Lontra canadensis) is the largest mustelid in North Carolina, US, and was once extirpated from the central and western portions of the state. Over time and after a successful reintroduction project, otters are now abundant and occur throughout North Carolina. However, there is a concern that diseases may have an impact on the otter population, as well as on other aquatic mammals, either through exposure to emerging diseases, contact with domestic animals such as domestic cats (Felis catus), or less robust condition of individuals through declines in water quality. We tested brain and kidney tissue from harvested otters for the pathogens that cause leptospirosis, parvovirus, and toxoplasmosis. Leptospirosis and toxoplasmosis are priority zoonoses and are maintained by domestic and wild mammals. Although parvovirus is not zoonotic, it does affect pets, causing mild to fatal symptoms. Across the 2014–15 and 2015–16 trapping seasons, we tested 220 otters (76 females, 144 males) using real-time PCR for Leptospira interrogans, parvovirus, and Toxoplasma gondii. Of the otters tested, 1% (3/220) were positive for L. interrogans, 19% (41/220) were positive for parvovirus, and 24% (53/220) were positive for T. gondii. Although the pathogens for parvovirus and toxoplasmosis are relatively common in North Carolina otters, the otter harvest has remained steady and the population appears to be abundant and self-sustaining. Therefore, parvovirus and toxoplasmosis do not currently appear to be negatively impacting the population. However, subsequent research should examine transmission parameters between domestic and wild species and the sublethal effects of infection.}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES}, author={Sanders, Charles W., II and Olfenbuttel, Colleen and Pacifici, Krishna and Hess, George R. and Livingston, Robert S. and DePerno, Christopher S.}, year={2020}, month={Oct}, pages={791–802} }
 @article{sanders_pacifici_hess_olfenbuttel_deperno_2020, title={Metal contamination of river otters in North Carolina}, volume={192}, ISBN={1573-2959}, ISSN={0167-6369 1573-2959}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-020-8106-8}, DOI={10.1007/s10661-020-8106-8}, abstractNote={Aquatic apex predators are vulnerable to environmental contaminants due to biomagnification. North American river otter (Lontra canadensis) populations should be closely monitored across their range due to point and nonpoint pollution sources. Nonetheless, no information exists on environmental contaminants in the North Carolina otter population. Metals and metalloids occur naturally across the landscape, are essential for cellular function, and become toxic when concentrated unnaturally. We conducted our study across the three Furbearer Management Units (FMU) and 14 river basins of North Carolina. We determined the concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, calcium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, magnesium, manganese, mercury, molybdenum, selenium, thallium, and zinc in liver and kidney samples from 317 otters harvested from 2009 to 2016. Arsenic, lead, and thallium samples were tested at levels below the limit of detection. With the exception of cadmium, we detected all other elements at higher levels in the liver compared with the kidney. Specifically, cadmium, cobalt, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, mercury, molybdenum, and zinc levels differed by tissue type analyzed. Most element concentrations remained stable or increased with otter age. We detected higher levels of mercury and selenium in the Lower Pee Dee and Cape Fear river basins. River basins within the Mountain FMU were higher in cadmium, copper, iron, lead, and zinc, whereas the Coastal Plain FMU was lower in cobalt and manganese. None of the elements occurred at toxic levels. Our research establishes baseline concentration levels for North Carolina, which will benefit future monitoring efforts and provide insight into future changes in the otter population.}, number={2}, journal={Environmental Monitoring and Assessment}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Sanders, Charles W., II and Pacifici, Krishna and Hess, George R. and Olfenbuttel, Colleen and DePerno, Christopher S.}, year={2020}, month={Jan} }
 @article{boggs_moorman_hazel_greenberg_pacifici_2020, title={Relationships between white-footed mice and logging residue: Informing the sustainability of potential wood bioenergy harvests}, volume={457}, ISSN={["1872-7042"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.foreco.2019.117706}, abstractNote={We examined local and site-scale relationships between white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) and logging residue after timber harvests to assess potential effects of expanding bioenergy markets in the southern Appalachian region of the United States. We sampled mice in 10 recent (2013–2015) clearcut or shelterwood harvests dominated either by white pine or hardwoods prior to harvest. We captured mice May–August, 2016 and 2017 using 10 grids of 60 Sherman traps spaced 15 m apart and set twice for five consecutive nights in each year. We categorized traps as either near (≤5 m) or far (>5 m) from coarse woody debris (CWD; woody debris ≥10 cm in diameter). We estimated site-level woody debris volumes using modified prism sweep sampling and determined vegetation, woody debris, and ground cover composition at each trap location. White-footed mouse occupancy increased with greater trap-level CWD cover in all stands, and greater site-level woody debris volume in white pine stands. Mouse abundance increased with greater site-level woody debris volume, and abundance was greater at white pine sites than hardwood sites. These results demonstrate that residual logging debris is important to white-footed mice, both at the local- and site-scale. Reductions in residual logging debris following harvests, including via removal of low value stems for wood bioenergy, likely will result in decreased white-footed mouse occupancy and abundance. We recommend developing proactive strategies to retain scattered logging residues following even-aged timber harvests, especially in cases where bioenergy harvests occur in the southern Appalachian region.}, journal={FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT}, author={Boggs, April D. and Moorman, Christopher E. and Hazel, Dennis W. and Greenberg, Cathryn H. and Pacifici, Krishna}, year={2020}, month={Feb} }
 @article{burke_peterson_sawyer_moorman_serenari_pacifici_2019, title={A method for mapping hunting occurrence using publicly available, geographic variables}, volume={43}, ISSN={["1938-5463"]}, DOI={10.1002/wsb.994}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT}, number={3}, journal={WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN}, author={Burke, Conner R. and Peterson, M. Nils and Sawyer, David T. and Moorman, Christopher E. and Serenari, Christopher and Pacifici, Krishna}, year={2019}, month={Sep}, pages={537–545} }
 @article{taillie_moorman_smart_pacifici_2019, title={Bird community shifts associated with saltwater exposure in coastal forests at the leading edge of rising sea level}, volume={14}, ISSN={["1932-6203"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0216540}, DOI={10.1371/journal.pone.0216540}, abstractNote={Rising sea levels dramatically alter the vegetation composition and structure of coastal ecosystems. However, the implications of these changes for coastal wildlife are poorly understood. We aimed to quantify responses of avian communities to forest change (i.e., ghost forests) in a low-lying coastal region highly vulnerable to rising sea level. We conducted point counts to sample avian communities at 156 forested points in eastern North Carolina, USA in 2013–2015. We modelled avian community composition using a multi-species hierarchical occupancy model and used metrics of vegetation structure derived from Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data as covariates related to variation in bird responses. We used this model to predict occupancy for each bird species in 2001 (using an analogous 2001 LiDAR dataset) and 2014 and used the change in occupancy probability to estimate habitat losses and gains at 3 spatial extents: 1) the entire study area, 2) burned forests only, and 3) unburned, low-lying coastal forests only. Of the 56 bird species we investigated, we observed parameter estimates corresponding to a higher likelihood of occurring in ghost forest for 34 species, but only 9 of those had 95% posterior intervals that did not overlap 0, thus having strong support. Despite the high vulnerability of forests in the region to sea level rise, habitat losses and gains associated with rising sea level were small relative to those resulting from wildfire. Though the extent of habitat changes associated with the development of ghost forest was limited, these changes likely are more permanent and may compound over time as sea level rises at an increasing rate. As such, the proliferation of ghost forests from rising sea level has potential to become an important driver of forest bird habitat change in coastal regions.}, number={5}, journal={PLOS ONE}, author={Taillie, Paul J. and Moorman, Christopher E. and Smart, Lindsey S. and Pacifici, Krishna}, year={2019}, month={May} }
 @article{hody_moreno_meyer_pacifici_kays_2019, title={Canid collision-expanding populations of coyotes (Canis latrans) and crab-eating foxes (Cerdocyon thous) meet up in Panama}, volume={100}, ISSN={["1545-1542"]}, DOI={10.1093/jmammal/gyz158}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={6}, journal={JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY}, author={Hody, Allison W. and Moreno, Ricardo and Meyer, Ninon F. V. and Pacifici, Krishna and Kays, Roland}, year={2019}, month={Dec}, pages={1819–1830} }
 @article{cope_kwak_black_pacifici_2019, title={Evaluation of Artificial Cover Units as a Sampling Technique and Habitat Enhancement for Madtoms in Rivers}, volume={39}, ISSN={["1548-8675"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1002/nafm.10317}, DOI={10.1002/nafm.10317}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={4}, journal={NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Cope, W. Robert and Kwak, Thomas J. and Black, Tyler R. and Pacifici, Krishna}, year={2019}, month={Aug}, pages={778–787} }
 @book{grantham_reich_laber_pacifici_dunn_fierer_gebert_allwood_faith_2019, title={Global forensic geolocation with deep neural networks}, url={https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.11765}, number={1905.11765}, author={Grantham, Neal S. and Reich, Brian J. and Laber, Eric B. and Pacifici, Krishna and Dunn, Robert R. and Fierer, Noah and Gebert, Matthew and Allwood, Julia S. and Faith, Seth A.}, year={2019} }
 @inproceedings{casola_peterson_wu_sills_pease_pacifici_leung_birckhead_mcrae_2019, title={Measuring the Value of Public Hunting Land Using a Hedonic Approach}, author={Casola, William R. and Peterson, M.Nils and Wu, Yu and Sills, Erin O. and Pease, Brent S. and Pacifici, Krishna and Leung, Yu-Fai and Birckhead, Jessie and McRae, Brian}, year={2019} }
 @inproceedings{sanders_pacifici_olfenbuttel_deperno_2019, title={Metals Contamination of Otters in North Carolina}, author={Sanders, Charles W. and Pacifici, Krishna and Olfenbuttel, Colleen and DePerno, Chris S.}, year={2019} }
 @article{rosche_moorman_pacifici_jones_deperno_2019, title={Northern bobwhite breeding season habitat selection in fire‐maintained pine woodland}, volume={83}, ISSN={0022-541X 1937-2817}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.21683}, DOI={10.1002/jwmg.21683}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT}, number={5}, journal={The Journal of Wildlife Management}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Rosche, Sarah B. and Moorman, ChristopheR E. and Pacifici, Krishna and Jones, Jeffrey G. and DePerno, Christopher S.}, year={2019}, month={May}, pages={1226–1236} }
 @book{hu_laber_li_meyer_pacifici_2019, title={Note on Thompson sampling for large decision problems}, url={https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.04735}, number={1905.04735}, journal={ArXiv}, author={Hu, Tao and Laber, Eric B. and Li, Zhen and Meyer, Nick J. and Pacifici, Krishna}, year={2019} }
 @article{pacifici_reich_miller_pease_2019, title={Resolving misaligned spatial data with integrated species distribution models}, volume={100}, ISSN={["1939-9170"]}, DOI={10.1002/ecy.2709}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={6}, journal={ECOLOGY}, author={Pacifici, Krishna and Reich, Brian J. and Miller, David A. W. and Pease, Brent S.}, year={2019}, month={Jun} }
 @inproceedings{kays_boone_pacifici_pease_shaw_smith_may_2019, title={State-Wide Citizen Science Mammal Survey As Science, Conservation, and Public Engagement: North Carolina’s Candid Critters}, author={Kays, Roland and Boone, Hailey and Pacifici, Krishna and Pease, Brent S. and Shaw, Jon and Smith, Chris and May, Ann M.}, year={2019} }
 @article{miller_pacifici_sanderlin_reich_2019, title={The recent past and promising future for data integration methods to estimate species' distributions}, volume={10}, ISSN={["2041-2096"]}, DOI={10.1111/2041-210X.13110}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION}, author={Miller, David A. W. and Pacifici, Krishna and Sanderlin, Jamie S. and Reich, Brian J.}, year={2019}, month={Jan}, pages={22–37} }
 @article{irizarry_collazo_pacifici_reich_battle_2018, title={Avian response to shade-layer restoration in coffee plantations in Puerto Rico}, volume={26}, ISSN={["1526-100X"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.12697}, DOI={10.1111/rec.12697}, abstractNote={Documenting the evolving processes associated with habitat restoration and how long it takes to detect avian demographic responses is crucial to evaluate the success of restoration initiatives and to identify ways to improve their effectiveness. The importance of this endeavor prompted the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service to evaluate their sun‐to‐shade coffee restoration program in Puerto Rico initiated in 2003. We quantified the responses of 12 resident avian species using estimates of local occupancy and extinction probabilities based on surveys conducted in 2015–2017 at 65 restored farms grouped according to time‐since‐initial‐restoration (TSIR): new (2011–2014), intermediate (2007–2010), and old (2003–2006). We also surveyed 40 forest sites, which served as reference sites. Vegetation complexity increased with TSIR, ranging between 35 and 40% forest cover in farms 6–9 years TSIR. Forest specialists (e.g. Loxigilla portoricencis) exhibited highest average occupancy in farms initially classified as intermediate (6–9 years) and old (>10 years), paralleling occupancy in secondary forests. Occupancy of open‐habitat specialists (e.g. Tiaris olivaceus) was more variable, but higher in recently restored farms. Restoring the shade layer has the potential to heighten ecological services derived from forest specialists (e.g. frugivores) without losing the services of many open‐habitat specialists (e.g. insectivores). Annual local extinction probability for forest specialists decreased with increasing habitat complexity, strengthening the potential value of shade restoration as a tool to enhance habitat for avifauna that evolved in forested landscapes.}, number={6}, journal={RESTORATION ECOLOGY}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Irizarry, Amarilys D. and Collazo, Jaime A. and Pacifici, Krishna and Reich, Brian J. and Battle, Kathryn E.}, year={2018}, month={Nov}, pages={1212–1220} }
 @article{reich_pacifici_stallings_2018, title={Integrating auxiliary data in optimal spatial design for species distribution modelling}, volume={9}, ISSN={["2041-2096"]}, DOI={10.1111/2041-210x.13002}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={6}, journal={METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION}, author={Reich, Brian J. and Pacifici, Krishna and Stallings, Jonathan W.}, year={2018}, month={Jun}, pages={1626–1637} }
 @article{waples_kays_fredrickson_pacifici_mills_2018, title={Is the Red Wolf a Listable Unit Under the US Endangered Species Act?}, volume={109}, ISSN={0022-1503 1465-7333}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esy020}, DOI={10.1093/jhered/esy020}, abstractNote={Abstract Defining units that can be afforded legal protection is a crucial, albeit challenging, step in conservation planning. As we illustrate with a case study of the red wolf (Canis rufus) from the southeastern United States, this step is especially complex when the evolutionary history of the focal taxon is uncertain. The US Endangered Species Act (ESA) allows listing of species, subspecies, or Distinct Population Segments (DPSs) of vertebrates. Red wolves were listed as an endangered species in 1973, and their status remains precarious. However, some recent genetic studies suggest that red wolves are part of a small wolf species (C. lycaon) specialized for heavily forested habitats of eastern North America, whereas other authors suggest that red wolves arose, perhaps within the last ~400 years, through hybridization between gray wolves (C. lupus) and coyotes (C. latrans). Using published genetic, morphological, behavioral, and ecological data, we evaluated whether each evolutionary hypothesis would lead to a listable unit for red wolves. Although the potential hybrid origin of red wolves, combined with abundant evidence for recent hybridization with coyotes, raises questions about status as a separate species or subspecies, we conclude that under any proposed evolutionary scenario red wolves meet both criteria to be considered a DPS: they are Discrete compared with other conspecific populations, and they are Significant to the taxon to which they belong. As population-level units can qualify for legal protection under endangered-species legislation in many countries throughout the world, this general approach could potentially be applied more broadly.}, number={5}, journal={Journal of Heredity}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Waples, Robin S and Kays, Roland and Fredrickson, Richard J and Pacifici, Krishna and Mills, L Scott}, year={2018}, month={Jun}, pages={585–597} }
 @article{laber_meyer_reich_pacifici_collazo_drake_2018, title={Optimal treatment allocations in space and time for on‐line control of an emerging infectious disease}, volume={67}, ISSN={0035-9254 1467-9876}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/rssc.12266}, DOI={10.1111/rssc.12266}, abstractNote={Summary}, number={4}, journal={Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series C (Applied Statistics)}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Laber, Eric B. and Meyer, Nick J. and Reich, Brian J. and Pacifici, Krishna and Collazo, Jaime A. and Drake, John M.}, year={2018}, month={Jul}, pages={743–789} }
 @inproceedings{cope_kwak_black_pacifici_hallerman_harris_miller_raley_2018, title={Status, Habitat, and Genetics of the Endemic Carolina Madtom}, author={Cope, William R. and Kwak, Thomas J. and Black, Tyler R. and Pacifici, Krishna and Hallerman, Eric M. and Harris, Sheila C. and Miller, Caitlin and Raley, Morgan E.}, year={2018} }
 @article{morris_reich_pacifici_lei_2017, title={A spatial model for rare binary events}, volume={24}, ISSN={["1573-3009"]}, DOI={10.1007/s10651-017-0385-z}, number={4}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECOLOGICAL STATISTICS}, author={Morris, Samuel A. and Reich, Brian J. and Pacifici, Krishna and Lei, Yuancai}, year={2017}, month={Dec}, pages={485–504} }
 @article{pandolfo_kwak_cope_heise_nichols_pacifici_2017, title={Declining Occurrence and Low Colonization Probability in Freshwater Mussel Assemblages: A Dynamic Occurrence Modeling Approach}, volume={20}, ISSN={2472-2944}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.31931/fmbc.v20i1.2017.13-19}, DOI={10.31931/fmbc.v20i1.2017.13-19}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Mussel monitoring data are abundant, but methods for analyzing long-term trends in these data are often uninformative or have low power to detect changes. We used a dynamic occurrence model, which accounted for imperfect species detection in surveys, to assess changes in species occurrence in a long-term data set (1986–2011) for the Tar River basin of North Carolina, USA. Occurrence of all species decreased steadily over the time period studied. Occurrence in 1986 ranged from 0.19 for Utterbackia imbecillis to 0.60 for Fusconaia masoni. Occurrence in 2010–2011 ranged from 0.10 for Lampsilis radiata to 0.40 for F. masoni. The maximum difference between occurrence in 1986 and 2011 was a decline of 0.30 for Alasmidonta undulata. Mean persistence for all species was high (0.97, 95% CI = 0.95–0.99); however, mean colonization probability was very low (<0.01, 95% CI = <0.01–0.01). These results indicate that mussels persisted at sites already occupied but that they have not colonized sites where they had not occurred previously. Our findings highlight the importance of modeling approaches that incorporate imperfect detection in estimating species occurrence and revealing temporal trends to inform conservation planning.}, number={1}, journal={Freshwater Mollusk Biology and Conservation}, publisher={BioOne}, author={Pandolfo, Tamara J. and Kwak, Thomas J. and Cope, W. Gregory and Heise, Ryan J. and Nichols, Robert B. and Pacifici, Krishna}, year={2017}, month={Mar}, pages={13} }
 @article{pacifici_reich_miller_gardner_stauffer_singh_mckerrow_collazo_2017, title={Integrating multiple data sources in species distribution modeling: a framework for data fusion}, volume={98}, ISSN={["1939-9170"]}, DOI={10.1002/ecy.1710}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={3}, journal={ECOLOGY}, author={Pacifici, Krishna and Reich, Brian J. and Miller, David A. W. and Gardner, Beth and Stauffer, Glenn and Singh, Susheela and McKerrow, Alexa and Collazo, Jaime A.}, year={2017}, month={Mar}, pages={840–850} }
 @article{monroe_collazo_pacifici_reich_puente-rolón_terando_2017, title={Occupancy and Abundance of Eleutherodactylus Frogs in Coffee Plantations in Puerto Rico}, volume={73}, ISSN={0018-0831}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1655/herpetologica-d-16-00089}, DOI={10.1655/herpetologica-d-16-00089}, abstractNote={Shaded coffee plantations are of conservation value for many taxa, particularly for resident avifauna in the face of extensive landscape changes. Yet, little is known about the value of coffee plantations for amphibians because there are scant demographic data to index their value among species with different habitat preferences. We estimated the probability of occupancy of three frog species: Eleutherodactylus wightmanae, a forest species; E. brittoni, a grassland species; and E. antillensis, an open habitat species. Occupancy was estimated in sun and shaded plantations, and in secondary forest, in the west-central mountains of Puerto Rico. We also estimated the probability that a survey station was occupied by no individuals, one, or >1 individual, as a proxy of abundance. The aforementioned parameters, and local colonization and extinction probability, were modeled as a function of weather conditions (temperature, humidity) and vegetation cover at the sampling station (5 m) and contextual (100 m) scales. Encounter histories were obtained with passive acoustic recorders between February and July in 2015. Consistent with known habitat preferences, the highest occupancies were associated with secondary forests for E. wightmanae and sun plantations for E. brittoni. Occupancy probability for E. antillensis was similar across habitat types, indicating no aversion to shaded–forested habitats. Shaded plantations harbored moderate levels of occupancy for all species, indicating their potential value for multispecies conservation. Local colonization rates increased with forest cover for E. wightmanae, and with open habitats for E. brittoni and E. antillensis. Open habitats harbored a higher abundance of E. brittoni and E antillensis, but lower values for E. wightmanae. Sun and shaded plantations could provide quality habitat for Eleutherodactylus spp. if managed for features that promote local colonization and abundance.}, number={4}, journal={Herpetologica}, publisher={Herpetologists League}, author={Monroe, Kelen D. and Collazo, Jaime A. and Pacifici, Krishna and Reich, Brian J. and Puente-Rolón, Alberto R. and Terando, Adam J.}, year={2017}, month={Dec}, pages={297} }
 @article{monroe_collazo_pacifici_reich_puente-rolón_terando_2017, title={Occupancy and abundance of Eleutherodactylus wightmanae and E. brittoni along elevational gradients in west-central Puerto Rico}, volume={40}, journal={Caribbean Naturalist}, author={Monroe, Kelen D. and Collazo, Jaime A. and Pacifici, Krishna and Reich, Brian J. and Puente-Rolón, Alberto R. and Terando, Adam J.}, year={2017}, pages={1–18} }
 @book{gaydos_pacifici_meentemeyer_rizzo_2017, place={Albany, CA}, title={Resilience of diversity-disease risk interactions following wildfire disturbance}, url={https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/53990}, journal={Proceedings of the Sudden Oak Death Sixth Science Symposium}, institution={Gen}, author={Gaydos, Devon A. and Pacifici, Krishna and Meentemeyer, Ross K. and Rizzo, David M.}, year={2017} }
 @inbook{terando_reich_pacifici_costanza_mckerrow_collazo_2017, title={Uncertainty Quantification and Propagation for Projections of Extremes in Monthly Area Burned Under Climate Change: A Case Study in the Coastal Plain of Georgia, USA}, volume={223}, ISBN={0}, ISSN={2328-8779}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119028116.ch16}, DOI={10.1002/9781119028116.ch16}, abstractNote={Human-caused climate change is predicted to affect the frequency of hazard-linked extremes. Unusually large wildfires are a type of extreme event that is constrained by climate and can be a hazard to society but also an important ecological disturbance. This chapter focuses on changes in the frequency of extreme monthly area burned by wildfires for the end of the 21st century for a wildfire-prone region in the southeast United States. Predicting changes in area burned is complicated by the large and varied uncertainties in how the climate will change and in the models used to predict those changes. The chapter characterizes and quantifies multiple sources of uncertainty and propagate the expanded prediction intervals of future area burned. It illustrates that while accounting for multiple sources of uncertainty in global change science problems is a difficult task, it will be necessary in order to properly assess the risk of increased exposure to these society-relevant events.}, booktitle={NATURAL HAZARD UNCERTAINTY ASSESSMENT: MODELING AND DECISION SUPPORT}, publisher={John Wiley & Sons, Inc.}, author={Terando, Adam J. and Reich, Brian and Pacifici, Krishna and Costanza, Jennifer and McKerrow, Alexa and Collazo, Jaime A.}, year={2017}, pages={245–256} }
 @book{patton_pacifici_collazo_2016, title={Inferring habitat quality and habitat selection using static site occupancy models}, url={https://arxiv.org/abs/1607.05175}, author={Patton, Philip T. and Pacifici, Krishna and Collazo, Jaime}, year={2016} }
 @article{pacifici_reich_dorazio_conroy_2016, title={Occupancy estimation for rare species using a spatially-adaptive sampling design}, volume={7}, ISSN={["2041-2096"]}, DOI={10.1111/2041-210x.12499}, abstractNote={Summary}, number={3}, journal={METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION}, author={Pacifici, Krishna and Reich, Brian J. and Dorazio, Robert M. and Conroy, Michael J.}, year={2016}, month={Mar}, pages={285–293} }
 @article{pandolfo_kwak_cope_heise_nichols_pacifici_2016, title={Species traits and catchment-scale habitat factors influence the occurrence of freshwater mussel populations and assemblages}, volume={61}, ISSN={0046-5070}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/fwb.12807}, DOI={10.1111/fwb.12807}, abstractNote={Summary}, number={10}, journal={Freshwater Biology}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Pandolfo, Tamara J. and Kwak, Thomas J. and Cope, W. Gregory and Heise, Ryan J. and Nichols, Robert B. and Pacifici, Krishna}, year={2016}, month={Aug}, pages={1671–1684} }
 @article{grantham_reich_pacifici_laber_menninger_henley_barberán_leff_fierer_dunn_2015, title={Fungi Identify the Geographic Origin of Dust Samples}, volume={10}, ISSN={1932-6203}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0122605}, DOI={10.1371/journal.pone.0122605}, abstractNote={There is a long history of archaeologists and forensic scientists using pollen found in a dust sample to identify its geographic origin or history. Such palynological approaches have important limitations as they require time-consuming identification of pollen grains, a priori knowledge of plant species distributions, and a sufficient diversity of pollen types to permit spatial or temporal identification. We demonstrate an alternative approach based on DNA sequencing analyses of the fungal diversity found in dust samples. Using nearly 1,000 dust samples collected from across the continental U.S., our analyses identify up to 40,000 fungal taxa from these samples, many of which exhibit a high degree of geographic endemism. We develop a statistical learning algorithm via discriminant analysis that exploits this geographic endemicity in the fungal diversity to correctly identify samples to within a few hundred kilometers of their geographic origin with high probability. In addition, our statistical approach provides a measure of certainty for each prediction, in contrast with current palynology methods that are almost always based on expert opinion and devoid of statistical inference. Fungal taxa found in dust samples can therefore be used to identify the origin of that dust and, more importantly, we can quantify our degree of certainty that a sample originated in a particular place. This work opens up a new approach to forensic biology that could be used by scientists to identify the origin of dust or soil samples found on objects, clothing, or archaeological artifacts.}, number={4}, journal={PLOS ONE}, publisher={Public Library of Science (PLoS)}, author={Grantham, Neal S. and Reich, Brian J. and Pacifici, Krishna and Laber, Eric B. and Menninger, Holly L. and Henley, Jessica B. and Barberán, Albert and Leff, Jonathan W. and Fierer, Noah and Dunn, Robert R.}, editor={Rokas, AntonisEditor}, year={2015}, month={Apr}, pages={e0122605} }
 @article{barberán_dunn_reich_pacifici_laber_menninger_morton_henley_leff_miller_et al._2015, title={The ecology of microscopic life in household dust}, volume={282}, ISSN={0962-8452 1471-2954}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.1139}, DOI={10.1098/rspb.2015.1139}, abstractNote={We spend the majority of our lives indoors; yet, we currently lack a comprehensive understanding of how the microbial communities found in homes vary across broad geographical regions and what factors are most important in shaping the types of microorganisms found inside homes. Here, we investigated the fungal and bacterial communities found in settled dust collected from inside and outside approximately 1200 homes located across the continental US, homes that represent a broad range of home designs and span many climatic zones. Indoor and outdoor dust samples harboured distinct microbial communities, but these differences were larger for bacteria than for fungi with most indoor fungi originating outside the home. Indoor fungal communities and the distribution of potential allergens varied predictably across climate and geographical regions; where you live determines what fungi live with you inside your home. By contrast, bacterial communities in indoor dust were more strongly influenced by the number and types of occupants living in the homes. In particular, the female : male ratio and whether a house had pets had a significant influence on the types of bacteria found inside our homes highlighting that who you live with determines what bacteria are found inside your home.}, number={1814}, journal={Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences}, publisher={The Royal Society}, author={Barberán, Albert and Dunn, Robert R. and Reich, Brian J. and Pacifici, Krishna and Laber, Eric B. and Menninger, Holly L. and Morton, James M. and Henley, Jessica B. and Leff, Jonathan W. and Miller, Shelly L. and et al.}, year={2015}, month={Sep}, pages={20151139} }
 @article{fackler_pacifici_2014, title={Addressing structural and observational uncertainty in resource management}, volume={133}, ISSN={["1095-8630"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.11.004}, abstractNote={Most natural resource management and conservation problems are plagued with high levels of uncertainties, which make good decision making difficult. Although some kinds of uncertainties are easily incorporated into decision making, two types of uncertainty present more formidable difficulties. The first, structural uncertainty, represents our imperfect knowledge about how a managed system behaves. The second, observational uncertainty, arises because the state of the system must be inferred from imperfect monitoring systems. The former type of uncertainty has been addressed in ecology using Adaptive Management (AM) and the latter using the Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDP) framework. Here we present a unifying framework that extends standard POMDPs and encompasses both standard POMDPs and AM. The approach allows any system variable to be observed or not observed and uses any relevant observed variable to update beliefs about unknown variables and parameters. This extends standard AM, which only uses realizations of the state variable to update beliefs and extends standard POMDP by allowing more general stochastic dependence among the observable variables and the state variables. This framework enables both structural and observational uncertainty to be simultaneously modeled. We illustrate the features of the extended POMDP framework with an example.}, journal={JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT}, author={Fackler, Paul and Pacifici, Krishna}, year={2014}, month={Jan}, pages={27–36} }
 @inproceedings{meyer_laber_pacifici_reich_drake_2014, title={An adaptive control strategy for the West Africa Ebola outbreak}, url={http://daphnia.ecology.uga.edu/drakelab/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/meyer-et-al-geogia-tech-ebola-jan-22-2015.pdf}, author={Meyer, Nicholas J. and Laber, Eric B. and Pacifici, Krishna and Reich, Brian J. and Drake, John}, year={2014} }
 @article{fackler_pacifici_martin_mcintyre_2014, title={Efficient Use of Information in Adaptive Management with an Application to Managing Recreation near Golden Eagle Nesting Sites}, volume={9}, ISSN={1932-6203}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0102434}, DOI={10.1371/journal.pone.0102434}, abstractNote={It is generally the case that a significant degree of uncertainty exists concerning the behavior of ecological systems. Adaptive management has been developed to address such structural uncertainty, while recognizing that decisions must be made without full knowledge of how a system behaves. This paradigm attempts to use new information that develops during the course of management to learn how the system works. To date, however, adaptive management has used a very limited information set to characterize the learning that is possible. This paper uses an extension of the Partial Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP) framework to expand the information set used to update belief in competing models. This feature can potentially increase the speed of learning through adaptive management, and lead to better management in the future. We apply this framework to a case study wherein interest lies in managing recreational restrictions around golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) nesting sites. The ultimate management objective is to maintain an abundant eagle population in Denali National Park while minimizing the regulatory burden on park visitors. In order to capture this objective, we developed a utility function that trades off expected breeding success with hiker access. Our work is relevant to the management of human activities in protected areas, but more generally demonstrates some of the benefits of POMDP in the context of adaptive management.}, number={8}, journal={PLoS ONE}, publisher={Public Library of Science (PLoS)}, author={Fackler, Paul L. and Pacifici, Krishna and Martin, Julien and McIntyre, Carol}, editor={Margalida, AntoniEditor}, year={2014}, month={Aug}, pages={e102434} }
 @article{pacifici_zipkin_collazo_irizarry_dewan_2014, title={Guidelines for a priori grouping of species in hierarchical community models}, volume={4}, ISSN={["2045-7758"]}, DOI={10.1002/ece3.976}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={7}, journal={ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION}, author={Pacifici, Krishna and Zipkin, Elise F. and Collazo, Jaime A. and Irizarry, Julissa I. and DeWan, Amielle}, year={2014}, month={Apr}, pages={877–888} }
 @article{nichols_fackler_pacifici_murphy_nichols_2014, title={Reducing fatigue damage for ships in transit through structured decision making}, volume={38}, ISSN={0951-8339}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marstruc.2014.04.002}, DOI={10.1016/j.marstruc.2014.04.002}, abstractNote={Research in structural monitoring has focused primarily on drawing inference about the health of a structure from the structure’s response to ambient or applied excitation. Knowledge of the current state can then be used to predict structural integrity at a future time and, in principle, allows one to take action to improve safety, minimize ownership costs, and/or increase the operating envelope. While much time and effort has been devoted toward data collection and system identification, research to-date has largely avoided the question of how to choose an optimal maintenance plan. This work describes a structured decision making (SDM) process for taking available information (loading data, model output, etc.) and producing a plan of action for maintaining the structure. SDM allows the practitioner to specify his/her objectives and then solves for the decision that is optimal in the sense that it maximizes those objectives. To demonstrate, we consider the problem of a Naval vessel transiting a fixed distance in varying sea-state conditions. The physics of this problem are such that minimizing transit time increases the probability of fatigue failure in the structural supports. It is shown how SDM produces the optimal trip plan in the sense that it minimizes both transit time and probability of failure in the manner of our choosing (i.e., through a user-defined cost function). The example illustrates the benefit of SDM over heuristic approaches to maintaining the vessel.}, journal={Marine Structures}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Nichols, J.M. and Fackler, P.L. and Pacifici, K. and Murphy, K.D. and Nichols, J.D.}, year={2014}, month={Oct}, pages={18–43} }
 @article{farrae_albeke_pacifici_nibbelink_peterson_2013, title={Assessing the influence of habitat quality on movements of the endangered shortnose sturgeon}, volume={97}, ISSN={0378-1909 1573-5133}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/S10641-013-0170-2}, DOI={10.1007/S10641-013-0170-2}, number={6}, journal={Environmental Biology of Fishes}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Farrae, Daniel J. and Albeke, Shannon E. and Pacifici, Krishna and Nibbelink, Nathan P. and Peterson, Douglas L.}, year={2013}, month={Aug}, pages={691–699} }
 @article{collazo_fackler_pacifici_white_llerandi-roman_dinsmore_2013, title={Optimal allocation of captive-reared Puerto Rican parrots: Decisions when divergent dynamics characterize managed populations}, volume={77}, ISSN={0022-541X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/JWMG.569}, DOI={10.1002/JWMG.569}, abstractNote={Reintroduction programs often face the challenge of sustaining multiple populations, each with unique demographic rates. Decision makers must determine how to allocate afinite number of captive-reared animals among these populations to achieve the fundamental objective of the program. We explored the optimal allocation of captive-reared Puerto Rican parrots (Amazona vittata) to 3 distinct populations: a struggling relict (population 1), a successfully reintroduced population (population 2), and a potential (new) population (population 3). We illustrate decision tradeoffs using 4 hypothetical scenarios of demographic performance created using the parrot literature and expert opinion and find the optimal decision by formulating the problem as a Markov decision process. Across all scenarios, our analysis favored releasing parrots into population 2 first when population sizes were small, followed by releases into population 3, and subsequently to population 1. The point in the decision space at which these transitions occurred was a function of location demographic rates. Releasing parrots in a location harboring an extant population versus a location that does not is advisable if differences in environmental conditions that promote population growth between locations are small. If management actions cannot ameliorate limiting factors in a location, decisions will favor translocations from such locations and allocations to locations where growth is more likely. When the cost of conducting a release is considered, managers should occasionally postpone releases to avoid these costs. This is optimal whenever the weighted contribution of the additional parrots to the sum of the discounted additional expected future population levels is less than the size of the fixed costs. This was most often the case for population 1 as costs increased. 2013 The Wildlife Society.}, number={6}, journal={The Journal of Wildlife Management}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Collazo, Jaime A. and Fackler, Paul L. and Pacifici, Krishna and White, Thomas H., Jr. and Llerandi-Roman, Ivan and Dinsmore, Stephen J.}, year={2013}, month={Jun}, pages={1124–1134} }
 @article{collazo_fackler_pacifici_white_llerandi-roman_dinsmore_2013, title={Sophia title}, volume={77}, number={6}, journal={Journal of Wildlife Management}, author={Collazo, J. A. and Fackler, P. L. and Pacifici, K. and White, T. H. and Llerandi-Roman, I. and Dinsmore, S. J.}, year={2013}, pages={1124–1134} }
 @inproceedings{terando_reich_pacifici_2013, title={Uncertainty quantification and propagation in a complex human-environment system driven by fire and climate}, author={Terando, A.J. and Reich, B.J. and Pacifici, K.}, year={2013} }
 @phdthesis{pacifici_2012, place={Athens, Georgia}, title={A Bayesian Hierarchical Spatial Model for West Nile Virus in New York City: Evaluating an Approach to Handle Large Spatial Data Sets}, school={University of Georgia}, author={Pacifici, Jamian Krishna}, year={2012} }
 @article{pacifici_dorazio_conroy_2012, title={A two-phase sampling design for increasing detections of rare species in occupancy surveys}, volume={3}, ISSN={["2041-2096"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.2041-210x.2012.00201.x}, abstractNote={Summary}, number={4}, journal={METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION}, author={Pacifici, Krishna and Dorazio, Robert M. and Conroy, Michael J.}, year={2012}, month={Aug}, pages={721–730} }
 @phdthesis{pacifici_2011, place={Athens, Georgia}, title={Conservation and Management of Rare Species: The Development of Adaptive Models to Reduce Uncertainty Influencing Decision Making}, school={University of Georgia}, author={Pacifici, Jamian Krishna}, year={2011} }
 @inbook{simons_pollock_wettroth_alldredge_pacifici_brewster_2009, title={Sources of Measurement Error, Misclassification Error, and Bias in Auditory Avian Point Count Data}, ISBN={9780387781501 9780387781518}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-78151-8_10}, DOI={10.1007/978-0-387-78151-8_10}, booktitle={Modeling Demographic Processes In Marked Populations}, publisher={Springer US}, author={Simons, Theodore R. and Pollock, Kenneth H. and Wettroth, John M. and Alldredge, Mathew W. and Pacifici, Krishna and Brewster, Jerome}, year={2009}, pages={237–254} }
 @article{alldredge_pacifici_simons_pollock_2008, title={A novel field evaluation of the effectiveness of distance and independent observer sampling to estimate aural avian detection probabilities}, volume={45}, ISSN={0021-8901 1365-2664}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2008.01517.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1365-2664.2008.01517.x}, abstractNote={Summary 1. The validation of field sampling techniques is a concern for applied ecologists due to the strong model assumptions implicit in all methods. Computer simulations make replication easy, but they do not give insights into how much bias occurs in real populations. Testing sampling methods on populations of known size can establish directly how well estimators perform, but such populations are very hard to find, and replicate, and they may have unusual attributes. 2. We present a field validation of distance and double-observer methods of estimating detection probabilities on aural avian point counts. Our research is relevant to conservation agencies worldwide who design thousands of avian monitoring programmes based primarily on auditory point counts. The programmes are a critical component in the management of many avian species. 3. Our validation used a simulation system which mimics birds calling in a field environment. The system allowed us to vary singing rate, species, distance, the complexity of points, and other factors. 4. Distance methods performed poorly, primarily due to large localization errors, and estimates did not improve for simplified points. 5. For the double-observer method, two pairs of observers tended to underestimate true population size, while the third pair tended to double-count birds which overestimated the population. Detection probabilities were always higher and population estimates lower when observers subjectively matched birds compared to an objective rule and showed a slight negative bias and good precision. A simplified 45-degree matching rule did not improve the performance of double-observer estimates which had a slight positive bias and much lower precision. Double-observer estimates did improve on the simplified points. 6. Synthesis and applications . We encourage ecologists working with sampling methods to develop similar methods of working with simulated populations through use of technology. Our simulated field evaluation has demonstrated the difficulty of accurately estimating population size when limited to aural detections. Problems are related to limitations in the ability of observers to localize sound, estimate distance, and accurately identify birds during a count. Other sources of error identified are the effects of observers, singing rate, singing orientation and background noise.}, number={5}, journal={Journal of Applied Ecology}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Alldredge, Mathew W. and Pacifici, Krishna and Simons, Theodore R. and Pollock, Kenneth H.}, year={2008}, month={Oct}, pages={1349–1356} }
 @book{moore_mattsson_mordecai_pacifici_conroy_peterson_cooper_2008, title={An Adaptive Sample Survey Design for the Ivory-billed Woodpecker}, url={http://usgs-cru-individual-data.s3.amazonaws.com/cmoore/tech_publications/Conroy%20et%20al%20(2008)%20IBWO%20Final%20Report-1.pdf}, number={1434-02HQRU1551}, author={Moore, Clinton T. and Mattsson, Brady J. and Mordecai, Rua S. and Pacifici, Krishna and Conroy, Michael J. and Peterson, James T. and Cooper, Robert J.}, year={2008}, month={Mar} }
 @inproceedings{cooper_mordecai_mattsson_conroy_pacifici_peterson_moore_2008, title={Design for a region-wide adaptive search for the ivorybilled woodpecker with the objective of estimating occupancy and related parameters}, booktitle={Tundra to Tropics: Connecting Birds, Habitats and People: 4th International Partners in Flight Conference, 13-16 February 2008, McAllen, Texas: Abstracts}, author={Cooper, R.J. and Mordecai, Rua S. and Mattsson, B.G. and Conroy, M.J. and Pacifici, K. and Peterson, J.T. and Moore, C.T.}, year={2008} }
 @article{pacifici_simons_pollock_2008, title={EFFECTS OF VEGETATION AND BACKGROUND NOISE ON THE DETECTION PROCESS IN AUDITORY AVIAN POINT-COUNT SURVEYS}, volume={125}, ISSN={0004-8038 1938-4254}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/auk.2008.07078}, DOI={10.1525/auk.2008.07078}, abstractNote={Abstract We used a bird-song simulation system to experimentally assess the effects of habitat, vegetation structure, and background noise on detection probability in aural avian point counts. We simulated bird songs of seven species in two habitats (mixed pine–hardwood forest and deciduous forest) and two leaf conditions (leaves on and leaves off) with two levels of background noise (~40 dB and ~50 dB). Estimated detection probabilities varied greatly among species, and complex interactions among all the factors existed. Background noise and the presence of leaves on trees decreased detection probabilities, and estimated detection probabilities were higher in mixed pine–hardwood forest than in deciduous forest. At 100 m, average estimated detection probabilities ranged from 0 to 1 and were lowest for the Black-and-white Warbler (Mniotilta varia) and highest for the Brown Thrasher (Toxostoma rufum). Simulations of expected counts, based on the best logistic model, indicated that observers detect between 3% (for the worst observer, least detectable species, with leaves on the trees and added background noise in the deciduous forest) and 99% (for the best observer, most detectable species, with no leaves on the trees and no added background noise in the mixed forest) of the total count. The large variation in expected counts illustrates the importance of estimating detection probabilities directly. The large differences in detection probabilities among species suggest that tailoring monitoring protocols to specific species of interest may produce better estimates than a single protocol applied to a wide range of species.}, number={3}, journal={The Auk}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Pacifici, Krishna and Simons, Theodore R. and Pollock, Kenneth H.}, year={2008}, month={Jul}, pages={600–607} }
 @article{alldredge_simons_pollock_pacifici_2007, title={A Field Evaluation of the Time-of-Detection Method to Estimate Population Size and Density for Aural Avian Point Counts}, volume={2}, ISSN={1712-6568}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.5751/ace-00205-020213}, DOI={10.5751/ace-00205-020213}, abstractNote={The time-of-detection method for aural avian point counts is a new method of estimating abundance, allowing for uncertain probability of detection. The method has been specifically designed to allow for variation in singing rates of birds. It involves dividing the time interval of the point count into several subintervals and recording the detection history of the subintervals when each bird sings. The method can be viewed as generating data equivalent to closed capture–recapture information. The method is different from the distance and multiple-observer methods in that it is not required that all the birds sing during the point count. As this method is new and there is some concern as to how well individual birds can be followed, we carried out a field test of the method using simulated known populations of singing birds, using a laptop computer to send signals to audio stations distributed around a point. The system mimics actual aural avian point counts, but also allows us to know the size and spatial distribution of the populations we are sampling. Fifty 8-min point counts (broken into four 2-min intervals) using eight species of birds were simulated. Singing rate of an individual bird of a species was simulated following a Markovian process (singing bouts followed by periods of silence), which we felt was more realistic than a truly random process. The main emphasis of our paper is to compare results from species singing at (high and low) homogenous rates per interval with those singing at (high and low) heterogeneous rates. Population size was estimated accurately for the species simulated, with a high homogeneous probability of singing. Populations of simulated species with lower but homogeneous singing probabilities were somewhat underestimated. Populations of species simulated with heterogeneous singing probabilities were substantially underestimated. Underestimation was caused by both the very low detection probabilities of all distant individuals and by individuals with low singing rates also having very low detection probabilities. RESUME. La methode fondee sur le temps de detection utilisee dans le contexte des points d’ecoute represente une nouvelle approche pour estimer l’abondance des oiseaux en tenant compte de la probabilite incertaine de detection. Cette methode a ete specialement concue pour tenir compte du taux variable de chant observe chez les oiseaux. Elle consiste a diviser l’intervalle de temps passe a un point d’ecoute en sous-intervalles et de noter l’historique de detection des sous-intervalles ou chaque individu est detecte. Les donnees obtenues par cette methode peuvent etre considerees comme etant equivalentes a celles obtenues par la capture-recapture dans une population fermee. La methode differe des approches fondees sur la distance et les observateurs multiples du fait qu’elle n’exige pas que tous les individus chantent durant le point d’ecoute. Puisque cette methode est nouvelle et qu’il existe une incertitude quant a la capacite de suivre les individus, nous avons effectue une evaluation sur le terrain de sa precision en utilisant des simulations sur des populations connues d’oiseaux chanteurs a l’aide d’un ordinateur portatif qui envoyait des signaux a des stations audio distribuees autour du point d’ecoute. Ce systeme imite un veritable point Colorado Division of Wildlife, Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Dept of Zoology, North Carolina State University Avian Conservation and Ecology Ecologie et conservation des oiseaux 2(2): 13 http://www.ace-eco.org/vol2/iss2/art13/ d’ecoute tout en permettant de connaitre l’effectif et la distribution des populations echantillonnees. Cinquante points d’ecoute de 8 min (separes en intervalles de 2 min) ont ete simules pour huit especes d’oiseaux. Le taux de vocalisation de chaque individu a ete simule a l’aide d’une chaine de Markov (periodes de chant suivies de periodes de silence), ce qui nous semblait plus realiste qu’un processus purement aleatoire. L’objectif principal de notre article etait de comparer les resultats pour des especes chantant a une frequence homogene (elevee ou faible) par intervalle avec d’autres especes chantant a des frequences heterogenes (elevees ou faibles). L’effectif de la population a ete estime precisement pour les especes simulees ayant une frequence de vocalisation homogene et elevee. L’effectif des populations des especes simulees presentant une frequence de vocalisation faible mais homogene a ete legerement sous-estime. Dans les cas des especes chantant a des frequences heterogenes, les populations etaient fortement sousestimees. La sous-estimation etait causee a la fois par la faible probabilite de detection de tous les individus eloignes et des individus chantant a des frequences faibles.}, number={2}, journal={Avian Conservation and Ecology}, publisher={Resilience Alliance, Inc.}, author={Alldredge, Mathew W. and Simons, Theodore R. and Pollock, Kenneth H. and Pacifici, Krishna}, year={2007}, pages={13} }