@article{marsh_eck_layfield_donaldson_2025, title={Exploring the Self-Perceived Needs of School-Based Agricultural Education Teachers}, url={https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.v66i1.2467}, DOI={10.5032/jae.v66i1.2467}, journal={Journal of Agricultural Education}, author={Marsh, Kayla N. and Eck, Christopher J. and Layfield, Kevin Dale and Donaldson, Joseph L.}, year={2025}, month={Feb} }
 @inproceedings{rahman_donaldson_merrill_nestor_pickworth_mckee_2025, title={Thinking and working like a scientist: Perceptions of animal science undergraduates in a research program [Poster presentation}, booktitle={American Association for Agricultural Education Southern Region Conference and Southern Association of Agricultural Scientists Meeting}, author={Rahman, S. and Donaldson, J.L. and Merrill, M. and Nestor, C. and Pickworth, C. and McKee, K.}, year={2025}, month={Jan} }
 @inproceedings{donaldson_bird_blosser_rahman_2024, title={A Financial Management Simulation for College of Agriculture Undergraduates}, booktitle={American Association for Agricultural Education Southern Region Conference}, author={Donaldson, J.L. and Bird, C.L. and Blosser, E.G. and Rahman, S.}, year={2024}, month={Feb} }
 @inproceedings{rahman_cherry_donaldson_layfield_2024, title={An agricultural study tour increases middle school social studies teachers’ agricultural knowledge and instructional practices}, booktitle={2024 North American Colleges and Teachers of Agriculture Conference}, author={Rahman, S. and Cherry, A.L. and Donaldson, J.L. and Layfield, K.D.}, year={2024}, month={Jun} }
 @article{farouque_kabir_roy_rana_donaldson_2024, title={An assessment of capacity building activities for common interest farmer groups in Bangladesh}, volume={34}, ISSN={0961-4524 1364-9213}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09614524.2024.2325415}, DOI={10.1080/09614524.2024.2325415}, abstractNote={This study examines how "farmers from the Common Interest Group (CIG)" have changed their capacity levels due to participating in Bangladesh's National Agricultural Technology Program (NATP). A mixed-method design was used to collect data from 120 rice and vegetable farmers. Results show that most respondents (above 75 per cent) agree that NATP initiatives, particularly group-based extension services, developed their capacity in different cultivation techniques, resource utilisation, farm inputs, communication behaviour, market access, and involvement in farmer organisations (FOs)/community-based organisations (CBOs). This study concludes that the concept of CIGs should be incorporated into the existing extension system following the termination of donor support.}, number={4}, journal={Development in Practice}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Farouque, Mohammad Golam and Kabir, Khondokar H. and Roy, Debashis and Rana, Md. Masud and Donaldson, Joseph L.}, year={2024}, month={Mar}, pages={491–511} }
 @article{uddin_akter_roy_dev_mithun_rahman_mahmud_donaldson_2024, title={An econometric analysis of factors affecting vegetable growers' interest in good agricultural practices: a case of rural Bangladesh}, volume={2}, ISSN={1573-2975}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10668-024-04545-1}, DOI={10.1007/s10668-024-04545-1}, journal={Environment, Development and Sustainability}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Uddin, Mohammed Nasir and Akter, Sharmin and Roy, Debashis and Dev, Debashish Sarker and Mithun, Md. Nur Alom Sarkar and Rahman, Saifur and Mahmud, Md. Shakib and Donaldson, Joseph L.}, year={2024}, month={Feb} }
 @article{rossi_layfield_donaldson_luo_agudelo_2024, title={Assessing online readiness for a professional master’s degree program in agricultural education}, url={https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.v65i1.163}, DOI={10.5032/jae.v65i1.163}, abstractNote={Online learning is one form of distance education mediated through information and communications technology. We used a descriptive research design to develop and validate a multidimensional instrument to assess readiness and motivations for online learning. We provided a theoretical framework to better understand the concept of readiness for online learning and motivations to learn online. We assessed the need for a professional online Master’s degree in [Major] from [University] and participants’ experience with online learning. Participants in this study included 531 Cooperative Extension agents, Natural Resource Conservation Agency, Farm Service Agency employees, and School-based agricultural educators from [State], [State], and [State]. Of those, 96 participants completed the open-ended question. The study findings revealed that the survey instrument is a valid and reliable tool. Most participants reported a tendency for self-directed learning as they indicated having higher learning expectations performances. Individuals who perceive themselves as capable of performing a specific task or behavior have high levels of self-efficacy. Participants expressed that distance from campus—no need to relocate, and flexibility were their primary motivators to enroll in online learning. Many prefer using asynchronous technologies since they provide a more convenient environment where they can work at their own pace and better balance their work and school responsibilities. Results may also suggest that participants who are motivated to pursue an online degree place a high value on being self-directed learners since they can plan, monitor, and evaluate their own learning process.}, journal={Journal of Agricultural Education}, author={Rossi, Maria Merecedes and Layfield, Dale and Donaldson, Joseph L. and Luo, Ye and Agudelo, Paula}, year={2024}, month={Mar} }
 @article{whorley_donaldson_lambert_2024, title={Community College Transfer Students’ Agricultural Career Decision Making}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.56103/nactaj.v68i1.143}, DOI={10.56103/nactaj.v68i1.143}, abstractNote={This qualitative study examined undergraduates’ perceptions of their career decision-making. All of the participants (N=10) were community college students who transferred to the North Carolina State University’s College of Agriculture and Life Sciences. This study examined the various influences that affect a student's career choice and aspirations, including the student’s perception of their abilities, preferences, and pursuing what they feel is a match between these and potential job requirements; background; parental influence; and curricular and co-curricular experiences. This study engaged students in 20 individual interviews: two interviews with each student over the course of the semester. Key findings included the substantial role of personal interests – namely an interest in plants, animals, and being outside – in prompting the students’ decision to pursue agriculture. Most students were influenced by mentors who were employed in the students’ intended careers. In addition, curricular and co-curricular experiences played an essential role in participants’ agricultural career choice and academic major. A primary recommendation is to connect mentors in agricultural careers with community college students to foster the students’ awareness of agricultural careers.}, journal={NACTA Journal}, author={Whorley, Gabrielle and Donaldson, Joseph and Lambert, Misty}, editor={Warner, WendyEditor}, year={2024}, month={Dec} }
 @inproceedings{rahman_donaldson_gwinn_stephens_cregger_emrich_trout fryxell_rampold_hadziabdic_lebeis_et al._2024, title={Comparing Virtual and In-Person Delivery of a Summer Agricultural Research Program For Women Undergraduates}, url={https://grad.ncsu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/2024Abstracts.pdf}, booktitle={17th Annual North Carolina State University Graduate Student Research Symposium}, author={Rahman, S. and Donaldson, J.L. and Gwinn, K.D. and Stephens, C.A. and Cregger, M.A. and Emrich, S. and Trout Fryxell, R.T. and Rampold, S.D. and Hadziabdic, D. and Lebeis, S. and et al.}, year={2024}, month={Apr} }
 @article{mugwanya_jayaratne_bloom_donaldson_delborne_2024, title={Competencies and training needs of extension agents for educating farmers on genetically engineered crops in Uganda}, volume={5}, ISSN={2690-5078}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.37433/aad.v5i1.395}, DOI={10.37433/aad.v5i1.395}, abstractNote={The purpose of this study was to determine the training needs of extension agents in Uganda to lead successful education programs on genetically engineered (GE) crops. This was a descriptive survey research study conducted online with public agricultural extension agents in the eastern agro-ecological zone of Uganda. This study used Borich’s method to identify training needs. A survey instrument was designed to determine extension agents’ perceived importance and proficiency of 60 competencies organized under the eight Public Issues Education (PIE) framework competency constructs. The survey received 58 usable responses comprising an 83% response rate. All eight PIE competency constructs were perceived by the extension agents to be important. This study identified additional four competencies important for PIE in addition to the eight competencies in the model. Agents’ greatest training needs were creating partnerships and designing GE education programs. The lowest training needs were creating an environment of professionalism and managing conflicts. The findings indicate the importance of training extension agents on how to engage with farmers in new ways to educate them on GE technology. This study provides implications for determining the training needs of extension agents in PIE such as educating farmers on GE technology.}, number={1}, journal={Advancements in Agricultural Development}, publisher={Advancements in Agricultural Development, Inc.}, author={Mugwanya, Nassib and Jayaratne, K. S. U. and Bloom, J. Dara and Donaldson, Joseph L. and Delborne, Jason}, year={2024}, month={Mar}, pages={32–45} }
 @inproceedings{cherry_rahman_layfield_donaldson_2024, title={Cultivating agricultural literacy: A study of middle school social studies teachers’ perspectives and practices in South Carolina}, booktitle={Clemson University College of Agriculture, Forestry, and Life Sciences Graduate Research Symposium}, author={Cherry, A.L. and Rahman, S. and Layfield, K.D. and Donaldson, J.L.}, year={2024}, month={Aug} }
 @inproceedings{kidd_cruz_donaldson_2024, title={Developing a Competency-based Registered Apprenticeship for Military Veteran}, booktitle={AgrAbility National Training Workshop}, author={Kidd, S. and Cruz, A. and Donaldson, J.L.}, year={2024}, month={Mar} }
 @article{farouque_uddin_roy_rahman_kabir_donaldson_2024, title={Enhancing safe vegetable cultivation through capacity development: Exploring the need for low-external-input utilization among farmers in Bangladesh}, volume={4}, ISSN={2772-655X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wds.2024.100161}, DOI={10.1016/j.wds.2024.100161}, abstractNote={Excessive use of agrochemicals in vegetable cultivation has led to several problems, including serious health and environmental issues. Therefore, farming with low-external inputs (LEIs) is inevitable for enhancing safety and security. Thus, the study investigates the need for capacity building on low-external-input techniques, identifies factors that may influence the need for capacity building, and explores the challenges faced by vegetable farmers while using low-external inputs for vegetable cultivation. The study, conducted in Daudkandi and Sherpur Upazila of Cumilla and Bogura districts, involved 400 farmers surveyed face-to-face using a structured questionnaire. The findings revealed that 69% farmers acknowledged a pressing need for capacity development in LEI practices. Factors such as education, family income, training participation, social mobility, extension agent engagement, and food safety awareness were found to significantly influence the need for capacity building. In addition, key challenges faced by farmers during LEI adoption included inadequate technical expertise, suboptimal results, and insufficient method demonstrations. Extension officials are encouraged to prioritize the identified capacity-building needs and emphasize the dissemination of agrochemical-related information to vegetable farmers to prevent input dealers from promoting their use. These measures can empower farmers to adopt safe and sustainable LEI practices, enhancing both vegetable quality and environmental health in Bangladesh.}, journal={World Development Sustainability}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Farouque, Mohammad Golam and Uddin, Mohammed Nasir and Roy, Debashis and Rahman, Saifur and Kabir, Khondokar H. and Donaldson, Joseph L.}, year={2024}, month={Jun}, pages={100161} }
 @inproceedings{donaldson_rahman_farlow_rahman_2024, title={Examining career adaptability and career intentions of extension interns: Implications for international extension education [Oral presentation}, booktitle={Association for International Agricultural and Extension Education Conference}, author={Donaldson, J.L. and Rahman, S. and Farlow, S.E. and Rahman, A.}, year={2024}, month={Apr} }
 @misc{donaldson_2024, title={Preparing the Next Generation of Extension Professionals}, ISBN={9781108980562 9781108833387 9781108970372}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108980562.015}, DOI={10.1017/9781108980562.015}, abstractNote={This chapter addresses the critical question of how the Cooperative Extension System prepares the next generation of Extension professionals who will support the well-being of tomorrow's children, youth, and families. This chapter details the career landscape of Extension in five parts. Part 1 presents a synopsis of career development research highlighting how a person identifies and advances in a career as well as different Extension careers to demonstrate the multiple career pathways and roles in Extension organizations. Part 2 provides a discussion of competencies and skills needed for successful Extension professionals. Parts 3, 4, and 5 explore each of the primary mechanisms for preparing the next generation of Extension professionals, including formal instruction through college programs, career development activities (e.g., internships); and education that occurs on or after hiring (e.g., onboarding, continuing professional development). Information from this chapter can help guide those interested in pursuing Extension careers, as well as those in leadership positions who oversee hiring and retaining talent for Extension.}, journal={Extension Education and the Social Sciences}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Donaldson, Joseph L.}, year={2024}, month={Mar}, pages={246–266} }
 @article{hood_eck_layfield_donaldson_2024, title={Were The “Best Made Better”? A Content Analysis of South Carolina 4-H Programming}, volume={12}, ISSN={2325-5226}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.55533/2325-5226.1484}, DOI={10.55533/2325-5226.1484}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Human Sciences and Extension}, publisher={Mississippi State University Libraries - DIGITAL COMMONS JOURNALS}, author={Hood, Lauren B and Eck, Christopher J and Layfield, K Dale and Donaldson, Joseph L.}, year={2024}, month={Sep} }
 @inproceedings{whorley_donaldson_lambert m._2023, title={A career pathways web portal for student success}, booktitle={American Association for Agricultural Education Southern Region Conference}, author={Whorley, G. and Donaldson, J. and Lambert M., D}, year={2023}, month={Feb} }
 @article{donaldson_gwinn_stephens_chmely_moody_2023, title={A summer agricultural research program enlarges community college students’ perceptions of agricultural careers}, volume={4}, ISSN={2690-5078}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.37433/aad.v4i3.315}, DOI={10.37433/aad.v4i3.315}, abstractNote={This study examined the REACH program, a Research and Extension Experiences for Undergraduates (REEU) program, aimed at improving agricultural literacy and career development among community college students. This study employed a one-group pretest-posttest design using the Perceptions of Agriculture and Agricultural Careers questionnaire (quantitative) and participants’ written responses to an open-ended question about agricultural career and academic plans (qualitative). Data were collected on the first and last day of the program to compare benchmarks to student achievement. The scaled responses were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, a nonparametric test. The open-ended responses were analyzed using content analysis. REACH Scholars developed more specific career plans and more favorable perceptions of personal job opportunities and their own capabilities in agriculture during the program. Regarding occupational requirements, the scholars’ perception that many agricultural leaders had a college education significantly improved over the course of the REACH program. Despite these improvements, their views about agricultural occupations in general, including food processing, food inspection, forestry, and natural resources management, were not significantly different from pretest to posttest. This study demonstrated an effective evaluation strategy for evaluating undergraduate research programs in agriculture and the allied sciences. Recommendations include strategies for greater outcome evaluation of REEU programs.}, number={3}, journal={Advancements in Agricultural Development}, publisher={Advancements in Agricultural Development, Inc.}, author={Donaldson, Joseph L. and Gwinn, Kimberly D. and Stephens, Carrie and Chmely, Stephen C. and Moody, Tess}, year={2023}, month={Jul}, pages={41–53} }
 @inproceedings{reid_layfield_eck_donaldson_park_bailey_2023, title={Agricultural Study Tour Impact on Agricultural Literacy of Middle School Social Studies Teachers}, booktitle={2023 NACTA Conference}, author={Reid, W. and Layfield, K.D. and Eck, C.J. and Donaldson, J.L. and Park, D. and Bailey, B.N.}, year={2023}, month={Jun} }
 @article{donaldson_graham_arnold_taylor_jayaratne_2023, title={An Analytic Needs Assessment for Extension Education: Views from
            Extension Professionals and Faculty}, volume={3}, ISSN={2325-5226}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.55533/2325-5226.1388}, DOI={10.55533/2325-5226.1388}, abstractNote={This study describes professional development for Extension educators and curricula expectations for those preparing for Extension careers – as perceived by members of the American Association for Agricultural Education (AAAE) and Joint Council of Extension Professionals (JCEP). We relate and differentiate findings from two surveys with open-ended questions. Regarding professional development, JCEP respondents identified program planning and evaluation, but AAAE respondents prioritized research methods. JCEP respondents prioritized practical experiences in Extension Education college courses, and AAAE members reported some practical Extension experiences in the college curriculum. College faculty may apply the results for impactful academic, professional development, and research programs.}, journal={Journal of Human Sciences and Extension}, publisher={Mississippi State University Libraries - DIGITAL COMMONS JOURNALS}, author={Donaldson, Joseph L. and Graham, Donna and Arnold, Shannon and Taylor, Lisa and Jayaratne, K. S. U.}, year={2023}, month={Mar} }
 @article{hood_eck_layfield_donaldson_2023, title={Effectiveness of online program engagement for 4-H members during the COVID-19 pandemic}, volume={73}, url={http://jsaer.org/2023/09/07/effectiveness-of-online-program-engagement-for-4-h-members-during-the-covid-19-pandemic/}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Southern Agricultural Education Research}, author={Hood, L.B. and Eck, C.J. and Layfield, K.D. and Donaldson, J.L.}, year={2023} }
 @inproceedings{marsh_eck_donaldson_layfield_2023, title={Exploring the self-perceived needs of school-based agricultural education teachers}, booktitle={American Association for Agricultural Education Southern Region Conference}, author={Marsh, K. and Eck, C. and Donaldson, J.L. and Layfield, K.D.}, year={2023}, month={Jul} }
 @inproceedings{cherry_layfield_eck_donaldson_2023, title={Food Insecurity of Filipino Farmers [Poster presentation}, booktitle={Clemson University College of Agriculture, Forestry, and Life Sciences Graduate Research Symposium}, author={Cherry, A.L. and Layfield, K.D. and Eck, C.J. and Donaldson, J.L.}, year={2023}, month={Oct} }
 @inproceedings{gwinn_donaldson_cregger_emrich_hadziabdic_hagaman_onufrak_ownley_rampold_smith_et al._2023, title={Holistic Preparation of Women for Careers in Bioinformatics, Genetics, and Genomic (BiGG) Sciences in a Summer Research and Extension Experience for Undergraduates (REEU)}, booktitle={American Phytopathological Society Annual Meeting}, author={Gwinn, K.D. and Donaldson, J.L. and Cregger, M.A. and Emrich, S. and Hadziabdic, D. and Hagaman, M.J. and Onufrak, A. and Ownley, B.H. and Rampold, S. and Smith, Z. and et al.}, year={2023}, month={Aug} }
 @inproceedings{marsh_eck_donaldson_layfield_2023, title={Identifying School-Based Agricultural Education Teacher Needs and Support Gaps}, booktitle={American Association for Agricultural Education Southern Region Conference}, author={Marsh, K. and Eck, C. and Donaldson, J.L. and Layfield, K.D.}, year={2023}, month={Feb} }
 @article{marsh_eck_layfield_donaldson_2023, title={Identifying school-based agricultural education teacher needs and support gaps}, volume={4}, ISSN={2690-5078}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.37433/aad.v4i3.347}, DOI={10.37433/aad.v4i3.347}, abstractNote={The school-based agricultural education (SBAE) teacher attrition crisis dates back to the passing of the Smith-Hughes Act in 1917. For the past three decades, researchers have studied this phenomenon to better understand the needs of SBAE teachers in order to increase retention as well as improve work-life balance. While several needs are recurring, current efforts are not resulting in actionable change for SBAE teachers. To gain perspectives on the problem, an expert panel of SBAE supporters were invited to participate in a Delphi in Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina, focused on the perceived needs of SBAE teachers. The Conceptual Model of Support for SBAE Teachers was introduced as a potential lens to meet the human needs of SBAE teachers. The Delphi resulted in 42 items being identified as areas of need for 21st century SBAE teachers. All align with the historical needs of SBAE teachers and demonstrate gaps in support in the areas of wellness, resources, work-life balance, relationships, and the need for purposeful professional development. Further research is recommended to evaluate the identified needs.}, number={3}, journal={Advancements in Agricultural Development}, publisher={Advancements in Agricultural Development, Inc.}, author={Marsh, Kayla N. and Eck, Christopher J. and Layfield, K. Dale and Donaldson, Joseph L.}, year={2023}, month={Aug}, pages={117–130} }
 @inproceedings{layfield_donaldson_bailey_2023, title={Studies of Occupations, Culture, & Innovations toward Agricultural Literacy (SOCIAL): An Introduction}, booktitle={2023 NACTA Conference}, author={Layfield, K.D. and Donaldson, J.L. and Bailey, B.N.}, year={2023}, month={Jun} }
 @inproceedings{bird_donaldson_2023, title={Using Financial Management Simulation to Promote Healthy Financial Futures}, booktitle={Association for Financial Counseling & Planning Education Symposium}, author={Bird, C. and Donaldson, J.L.}, year={2023}, month={Nov} }
 @article{donaldson_vaughan_2022, title={A Scoping Study of United States Extension Professional Competencies}, url={https://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/jhse/vol10/iss1/8}, journal={Journal of Human Sciences and Extension}, author={Donaldson, J.L. and Vaughan, R.}, year={2022}, month={Apr} }
 @inproceedings{whorley_donaldson_lambert m._2022, title={A career matrixamplifies community college advising and career development in agriculture}, booktitle={North American Colleges and Teachers of Agriculture Conference Abstracts}, publisher={NACTA Conference}, author={Whorley, G. and Donaldson, J. and Lambert M., D}, year={2022}, month={Jun} }
 @inproceedings{donaldson_farlow_gwinn_stephens_2022, title={A summer research experience for community college students enhances career development in the agricultural sciences}, booktitle={NACTA Conference}, author={Donaldson, J.L. and Farlow, S.E. and Gwinn, K.D. and Stephens, C.A.}, year={2022}, month={Jun} }
 @article{donaldson_warner_bruce_morgan_edwards_vaughan_2022, title={Aligning Instruction with Extension Professional Competencies for an
            Enhanced Undergraduate Extension Education Minor}, volume={12}, ISSN={2325-5226}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.55533/2325-5226.1437}, DOI={10.55533/2325-5226.1437}, abstractNote={This paper reports on a three-year initiative to enhance the undergraduate Extension Education minor at a state land-grant university. Specific initiatives to improve the undergraduate Extension Education minor curriculum involved (a) revising the Extension Education minor due to varied curriculum and faculty changes and (b) aligning eight Extension Education courses’ units of study with Extension professional competency domains. The described processes helped understand the Extension Education curriculum by mapping competency domains and showing which domains were and were not taught in the eight courses. A key recommendation is to incorporate the alignment of Extension Education curriculum and Extension professional competencies into the Extension summer internship program, among other uses. Furthermore, it is recommended that faculty engage in a similar effort to map college curricula to professional competencies to ensure that academic minors have a clear purpose in preparing students for careers.}, journal={Journal of Human Sciences and Extension}, publisher={Mississippi State University Libraries - DIGITAL COMMONS JOURNALS}, author={Donaldson, Joseph L. and Warner, Wendy and Bruce, Jacklyn and Morgan, Joy and Edwards, Harriett Coleman and Vaughan, Rose}, year={2022}, month={Dec} }
 @inproceedings{gwinn_cregger_donaldson_emrich_hadziabdic_moore_onufrak_ownley_rampold_staton_et al._2022, title={Explore BiGG Data addresses shortage of women in Bioinformatics, Genetics, and Genomic Sciences using undergraduate research and network mentoring}, booktitle={American Phytopathological Society Annual Meeting}, author={Gwinn, K.D. and Cregger, M. and Donaldson, J.L. and Emrich, S. and Hadziabdic, D. and Moore, J. and Onufrak, A. and Ownley, B.H. and Rampold, S. and Staton, M.E. and et al.}, year={2022}, month={Aug} }
 @article{donaldson_graham_arnold_taylor_jayaratne_2022, title={Extension Education Trends and Research Needs: Views from Professionals and Faculty}, volume={63}, ISSN={1042-0541}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.5032/jae.2022.03073}, DOI={10.5032/jae.2022.03073}, abstractNote={This study sought to understand Extension Education's trends and research needs as perceived by members of the American Association for Agricultural Education (AAAE) and Joint Council of Extension Professionals (JCEP) by comparing and contrasting findings from questionnaires using open-ended questions. Both groups identified changing technology and new audiences as key trends requiring Extension to adapt, and JCEP respondents noted makers and entrepreneurs as prominent new audiences. For Extension Education research needs, both groups prioritized research to heighten professional development among Extension professionals. JCEP respondents desire Agricultural and Extension Education (AEE) Departments to lead research in Extension administrative leadership. On the contrary, AAAE respondents prioritized Extension program evaluation research. Regarding Extension professional development, JCEP respondents identified program planning and evaluation, but AAAE respondents named research methods as prioritized needs. JCEP respondents prioritized practical experiences in Extension Education college courses, and AAAE members reported some internships, practicums, and experiential learning in their AEE curriculum. The results have implications for AEE Departments in planning professional development for Extension professionals and college instruction producing Extension-career-ready graduates. Recommendations emphasize the need to coordinate college curriculum and professional development and to prepare students for Extension careers.}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Agricultural Education}, publisher={American Association for Agricultural Education}, author={Donaldson, Joseph L. and Graham, Donna L. and Arnold, Shannon and Taylor, Lisa K. and Jayaratne, K.S.U.}, year={2022}, month={Sep}, pages={73–82} }
 @inproceedings{donaldson_jayaratne_2022, title={Extension internships build competencies for career readiness and interest in extension careers: Implications for international extension education}, booktitle={Association for International Agricultural and Extension Education Conference}, author={Donaldson, J.L. and Jayaratne, K.S.U.}, year={2022} }
 @inproceedings{hagaman_donaldson_layfield_bailey_2022, title={Increasing Agricultural Literacy in Social Studies Teachers through Transformative Travel Experiences}, booktitle={American Association for Agricultural Education North Central Region Conference/National Learner-Centered Teaching Conference}, author={Hagaman, M.J. and Donaldson, J.L. and Layfield, K.D. and Bailey, B.}, year={2022}, month={Oct} }
 @inproceedings{hunley_donaldson_farlow_gwinn_stephens_cregger_emrich_trout fryxell_rampold_hadziabdic_et al._2022, title={Mentoring from women leaders inspires undergraduate women in a summer agricultural research program}, booktitle={NACTA Conference}, author={Hunley, L. and Donaldson, J.L. and Farlow, S. and Gwinn, K.D. and Stephens, C.A. and Cregger, M.A. and Emrich, S. and Trout Fryxell, R.T. and Rampold, S.D. and Hadziabdic, D. and et al.}, year={2022}, month={Jun} }
 @inproceedings{hood_eck_layfield_donaldson_2022, title={Qualitative Analysis of South Carolina 4-H Programming during COVID-19 Pandemic}, url={http://aaaeonline.org/resources/Documents/Southern%20Region/2022SouthernConference/2022SouthernAAAE_ResearchProceedings.pdf}, booktitle={American Association for Agricultural Education Southern Region Conference}, author={Hood, L. and Eck, C.J. and Layfield, K.D. and Donaldson, J.L.}, year={2022}, month={Feb} }
 @article{simpson_donaldson_2022, title={TikTok, Tomatoes, and Teenagers: Using New Social Media Apps to Connect Extension Education with Younger Audiences}, volume={60}, ISSN={1077-5315 0022-0140}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.34068/joe.60.03.09}, DOI={10.34068/joe.60.03.09}, abstractNote={Social media usage has precipitated changes in Cooperative Extension’s delivery of programs to amplify involvement with selected audiences and it is important that we craft relevant content for a variety of audiences. Current research tells us that social media and related content can enrich education and can create broader audiences for programming. Resources like blogs, podcasts, and geofilters have shown to be received positively by a wide range of audiences and have created greater rates of engagement. Yet, one platform that has received limited attention is TikTok, perhaps due to TikTok’s mixed reviews in educational systems. With current trends showing that 48% of 18-29 year olds are using the app, we believe that TikTok has great potential for connecting audiences with research-based information and engaging previously unreached communities.}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Extension}, publisher={Clemson University}, author={Simpson, Coleman and Donaldson, Joseph}, year={2022}, month={Sep} }
 @article{donaldson_franck_2021, title={Developmental Evaluation for Extension Programs}, volume={59}, ISSN={1077-5315 0022-0140}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.34068/joe.59.04.05}, DOI={10.34068/joe.59.04.05}, abstractNote={Logic models have garnered acclaim for their usefulness and disdain for the time required to create good ones. We argue that the orderly, analytical nature of logic models is opposed to many Extension programs, and we explain developmental evaluation, an approach that highlights ongoing development, adaptations, and rapid response. We use our recently completed evaluation of the 4-H Science: Building a 4-H Career Pathway Initiative to demonstrate developmental evaluation’s key principles. Recommendations for Extension include the need to embrace developmental evaluation for program planning and evaluation and for Extension evaluators to conduct case studies using developmental evaluation and other approaches.}, number={Autumn 2021}, journal={Journal of Extension}, publisher={Clemson University}, author={Donaldson, Joseph and Franck, Karen}, year={2021}, month={Oct} }
 @article{donaldson_2021, title={Tools for a Statewide Performance Appraisal System for Extension Professionals}, volume={57}, ISSN={1077-5315 0022-0140}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.34068/joe.57.06.05}, DOI={10.34068/joe.57.06.05}, abstractNote={In response to research demonstrating that Tennessee Extension agents desired a performance appraisal system that better reflected their jobs and provided for appraisers' professional development, a committee of University of Tennessee and Tennessee State University personnel undertook a 2-year initiative to revise the performance appraisal system. The committee produced a performance appraisal form and a performance appraisal rubric delineating performance factors, criteria, and performance-level descriptions; a comprehensive appraisal guide; and case studies and training guides for Extension professionals to use in learning about effective performance appraisal. Extension professionals conducting similar efforts in other states may benefit from using these tools.}, number={6}, journal={Journal of Extension}, publisher={Clemson University}, author={Donaldson, Joseph}, year={2021}, month={Feb} }
 @article{donaldson_franck_2020, title={A Mixed-Methods Evaluation to Measure 4-H STEM Program Quality}, volume={15}, ISSN={2325-4017}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jyd.2020.835}, DOI={10.5195/jyd.2020.835}, abstractNote={The 4-H Science: Building a 4-H Career Pathway Initiative was a 3-year collaboration among National 4-H Council, Lockheed Martin, and state 4-H grantees to help more than 50,000 youth in 13 states develop STEM and workforce skills for STEM professions. A mixed-methods design used observations and interviews to assess program quality. Researchers observed 4-H STEM programming and conducted individual and focus group interviews with youth, parents, community volunteers, corporate volunteers, and professionals. Observations were conducted using a validated observational tool, the Out-of-School Time (OST) Observation Instrument with STEM Plug-In. This instrument measured youth relationship building, youth participation, staff relationship building, staff instructional strategies, activity content and structure, and STEM instruction. Findings from the observations and interviews were combined to assess program quality. Sites scoring highest on the OST Observation Instrument reported using quality STEM curriculum, especially National 4-H Youth Science Day lessons. The 4-H STEM programs demonstrated highly evident and consistent youth relationship building (e.g., being friendly and collaborative) and youth participation (e.g.., contributing ideas and taking leadership). Yet, in many cases, STEM youth skill development (e.g., drawing connections to real-world concepts) and STEM staff instructional practices (e.g., discussing how youth could pursue STEM content through their education and/or career) were inconsistent and rarely evident. Recommendations include substantive professional and volunteer development for both STEM competencies and enhanced youth development. The OST Observation Instrument with STEM Plug-In provided a comprehensive tool to evaluate program quality, and it is recommended for use in evaluating other 4-H STEM programs.}, number={5}, journal={Journal of Youth Development}, publisher={Clemson University}, author={Donaldson, Joseph L. and Franck, Karen L.}, year={2020}, month={Sep}, pages={203–219} }
 @article{donaldson_franck_baker_2020, title={Challenge to Bolster the Evidence Base for 4-H Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics Programming}, volume={58}, ISSN={1077-5315 0022-0140}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.34068/joe.58.01.23}, DOI={10.34068/joe.58.01.23}, abstractNote={Research has shown that participation in 4-H science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) programs is associated with positive youth outcomes, including higher science and math standardized test scores. In reflecting on the 4-H Science initiative's logic model and recent evaluative studies of 4-H STEM programs, we identified a need for systematic, comprehensive literature reviews and meta-analyses of published materials about 4-H STEM programs. We issue a challenge to the Cooperative Extension System and land-grant universities to conduct such research to communicate impacts of 4-H STEM programs, describe successful 4-H STEM programs, identify best practices and strengthen 4-H STEM programs, and improve STEM programming for children and youths overall.}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Extension}, publisher={Clemson University}, author={Donaldson, Joseph and Franck, Karen and Baker, MarshallBaker}, year={2020}, month={Feb} }
 @article{brawner_stephens_yamagata-lynch,_donaldson_2020, title={Leadership Attainment of 14 Women in Agriculture: A Qualitative Study}, volume={17}, ISSN={1913-8059 1913-8059}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.33423/jlae.v17i1.2791}, DOI={10.33423/jlae.v17i1.2791}, abstractNote={Though the number of women entering agricultural careers is slightly increasing in the United States and internationally, women who enter male dominated professions, such as agriculture, may be perceived as inherently unsuited for such work (Doss et al., 2011). The purpose of this study was to highlight and discuss the backgrounds and success of women in agricultural leadership roles. The central research question was how have women in agriculture attained their leadership role in a male dominated field? Specific criteria was set for selecting participants, and the criteria included their background experiences, uniqueness to the agriculture field, the impact they are currently making to agriculture, and their specialty in agriculture. This study selected 14 women leaders in agriculture from various locations in the United States. The researchers spent one to three days with each participant in their environment and utilized semi-structured, open-ended interviews that lasted one to four hours. The researchers transcribed the interviews and then coded and categorized the data. The researchers decided the data was best represented as individual case studies rather than themes. The researchers found 11 overall conclusions about the data. Three significant conclusions include (a) family, including parents, spouse, and children, impacted each woman’s decisions for her education, lifestyle, and career choices; (b) fathers are a huge influence on their daughters; and (c) each participant discovered how to integrate work and their personal lives to be successful.}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Leadership, Accountability and Ethics}, publisher={North American Business Press}, author={Brawner, S. and Stephens, C.A. and Yamagata-Lynch,, L. and Donaldson, J.L.}, year={2020}, month={May} }
 @article{donaldson_hastings_2020, title={Overview of a Statewide Extension Strategic Planning Process and Unintended Outcomes}, volume={58}, ISSN={1077-5315 0022-0140}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.34068/joe.58.03.29}, DOI={10.34068/joe.58.03.29}, abstractNote={In 2010, University of Tennessee Extension conducted a strategic planning effort focused on the subsequent 10 years. The process involved approximately 3,000 Tennesseans in online surveys, area meetings, opinion polling, and focus group sessions. This article describes the process, tools, and outcomes—which included a comprehensive strategic plan. Yet the strategic planning process itself produced unintended outcomes, specifically professional development opportunities, greater awareness of Extension among state government stakeholders, and continuity in the pursuit of strategic goals despite administrative change. The major implication for Cooperative Extension organizations is that attention to the potential of these unintended outcomes can enhance strategic planning.}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Extension}, publisher={Clemson University}, author={Donaldson, Joseph and Hastings, Shirley}, year={2020}, month={Jun} }
 @article{donaldson_swart_richards_2020, title={Perceptions of Job Competencies and Mentoring Program Development for Extension Administrative Assistants: A Focus Group Study of Multiple Extension Employee Groups}, volume={3}, ISSN={2325-5226}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.54718/smzs7112}, DOI={10.54718/smzs7112}, abstractNote={Extension workplace mentoring programs may produce increased Extension programming competence, organizational commitment, job satisfaction (Denny, 2016), and leadership effectiveness (Kutilek & Earnest, 2001). The study described in this article aimed to gather information for a proposed mentoring program for Extension administrative assistants. A total of 12 focus groups were conducted with 78 participants representing five employee groups: administrative assistants, Extension agents, county directors, state specialists, and department heads. Employee groups were separately interviewed. Findings indicated that respondents perceive the role of an administrative assistant as critically important, and major competencies required by the administrative assistant role are people skills/customer service, bookkeeping, technology, and a willingness to learn/adaptability to change. Respondents perceived that workplace mentoring is important, and it should be required of all newly-hired administrative assistants. Regarding incentives, administrative assistants felt that counting mentoring time as part of their University’s annual professional learning requirement of 32 hours would encourage participation. Major recommendations include the establishment of an e-mentoring program that incorporates the administrative assistants’ academic, career, and personal goals in addition to organizational policies and procedures.}, journal={Journal of Human Sciences and Extension}, publisher={Mississippi State University Libraries - DIGITAL COMMONS JOURNALS}, author={Donaldson, Joseph L. and Swart, James W. and Richards, Jennifer K.}, year={2020}, month={Mar} }
 @article{donaldson_franck_2020, title={Perceptions of Youth, Parents, Community Volunteers, Corporate Volunteers, and 4-H Professionals about the 4- H STEM Career Pathway Model}, volume={61}, ISSN={1042-0541}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.5032/jae.2020.04015}, DOI={10.5032/jae.2020.04015}, abstractNote={This study sought to understand the 4-H STEM Career Pathway Model program, a three-year initiative to expose youth to college readiness skills, career readiness skills, STEM skills, and careers associated with high-demand STEM jobs such as computer scientists and engineers. The qualitative study described here used document reviews, observations, focus groups, and individual interviews. The initiative was conducted in 13 states, and research participants were 4-H youth, parents, corporate volunteers, community volunteers, and Extension 4-H professionals from a subset of those states. Findings were described in four major themes: (a) 4-H STEM programs were perceived as successful and engaging, yet participants described the need for more advanced experiences for youth; (b) 4-H STEM programs required considerable investment in partnerships as well as professional and volunteer development; (c) increased numbers of girls and minority youth were engaged in 4-H STEM programming when local role models and local partnerships were leveraged, and (d) the 4-H STEM Career Pathway Model needs clear concepts and definitions to be a sustainable approach in the 4-H movement. The major recommendation is an enhanced 4-H STEM Career Pathway Model that delineates outcomes. Additional recommendations include the need to provide effective volunteer and professional development and the need for outreach to corporate volunteers.}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Agricultural Education}, publisher={American Association for Agricultural Education}, author={Donaldson, Joseph L. and Franck, Karen L.}, year={2020}, month={Dec}, pages={15–29} }
 @article{franck_donaldson_2020, title={Volunteer Training Needs for Successful 4-H STEM Programs}, volume={15}, ISSN={["2325-4017"]}, DOI={10.5195/jyd.2020.856}, abstractNote={Informal STEM education programs through youth-serving organizations like 4-H have the potential to help youth prepare for future STEM careers. Volunteers continue to be an important way to mentor and provide programs for youth with support and guidance from professionals working for youth organizations. 4-H STEM programs present challenges for 4-H professionals and traditional 4-H volunteers who often have limited knowledge and confidence in their ability to teach STEM skills. Recruiting science experts as volunteers to lead 4-H STEM programs is one way to provide these programs, but some experts have limited knowledge about youth development and how to engage youth. Findings from the 4-H Science: Building a 4-H Career Pathway initiative are discussed here related to volunteer training, volunteer recruitment and retention and resources needed for 4-H professionals and volunteers to successfully implement 4‑H STEM programs. A process evaluation was conducted that included focus groups and interviews in 3 states that participated in the initiative. Focus groups and interviews were conducted with youth, parents, volunteers, and 4-H professionals involved in 4-H STEM programs. Themes included the need for volunteer training focused on increasing STEM knowledge and skills as well as pedagogy and youth engagement, the need for training for 4-H professionals related to STEM skills so they could support volunteer efforts, and the need to use diverse methods to recruit science experts and other volunteers for these programs.}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF YOUTH DEVELOPMENT}, author={Franck, Karen L. and Donaldson, Joseph L.}, year={2020}, pages={97–109} }
 @article{donaldson_gallimore_swanson_2019, title={A National Survey of Extension 4-H Professionals’ Perceptions of Professional Development Factors}, volume={57}, url={https://joe.org/joe/2019february/a2.php}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Extension}, author={Donaldson, J.L. and Gallimore, L. and Swanson, D.}, year={2019} }
 @article{donaldson_2019, title={Case Studies for Student Engagement in Undergraduate Extension Education Courses}, url={https://www.nactateachers.org/images/TeachingTips/Summer_2019/4_Case_Studies_for_Student_Engagement.pdf}, journal={NACTA Journal}, author={Donaldson, J.L.}, year={2019} }
 @article{donaldson_franck_2019, title={Promoting Healthy Lifestyles for Extension Employees: An Exploratory Study}, volume={7}, url={https://www.jhseonline.com/article/view/906/753}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Human Sciences and Extension}, author={Donaldson, J.L. and Franck, K.L.}, year={2019}, pages={92–114} }
 @article{downey_peterson_donaldson_hardman_2017, title={An Application of the RE-AIM Evaluation Framework}, volume={55}, url={https://www.joe.org/joe/2017june/iw1.php}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Extension}, author={Downey, L.H. and Peterson, D.J. and Donaldson, J.L. and Hardman, A.}, year={2017} }
 @article{downey_peterson_donaldson_hardman_2017, title={An Extension Application of the RE-AIM Evaluation Framework}, volume={55}, url={https://www.joe.org/joe/2017june/iw1.php}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Extension}, author={Downey, L.H. and Peterson, D.J. and Donaldson, J.L. and Hardman, A.}, year={2017} }
 @article{bumgarner_donaldson_2017, title={Assessing the Tennessee Extension Master Gardener Program Using Both County Coordinator and Extension Volunteer Perspectives}, url={https://docs.wixstatic.com/ugd/c8fe6e_f790739924ea4e348560fa84b37aabd9.pdf}, journal={Journal of Human Sciences and Extension}, author={Bumgarner, N.R. and Donaldson, J.L.}, year={2017} }
 @article{reeves_donaldson_naylor_lebleu_2017, title={Youths Perceive Some Improvement in Substance Abuse Prevention Knowledge, Skills, and Assets from Participation in 4-H Health Rocks!}, volume={55}, url={https://joe.org/joe/2017august/rb9.php}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Extension}, author={Reeves, K.T. and Donaldson, J.L. and Naylor, M. and LeBleu, L.}, year={2017} }
 @article{donaldson_bell_toman_hastings_2016, title={Marathon Month Promotes Healthy Lifestyles for Extension Employees}, volume={54}, url={https://joe.org/joe/2016october/iw4.php}, number={5}, journal={Journal of Extension}, author={Donaldson, J.L. and Bell, B.A. and Toman, J.J. and Hastings, S.}, year={2016} }
 @article{donaldson_2014, title={Appraising the Appraiser: Extension Agents' and County Directors' Perceptions of Their Appraisers}, volume={52}, ISSN={1077-5315 0022-0140}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.34068/joe.52.02.03}, DOI={10.34068/joe.52.02.03}, abstractNote={The research reported here describes Extension agent and county director perceptions of the roles and behaviors of their appraisers (relative to performance appraisal). A survey measured satisfaction with appraiser performance. The population was all Extension agents and county directors employed by the University of Tennessee and Tennessee State University (N=312). Overall, Extension agents were satisfied with the roles and behaviors of their appraisers (county directors), and county directors were equally satisfied with their appraisers (regional directors). Respondents viewed their appraiser's performance in conducting the appraisal with positive judgment, fairness, and trust. The major recommendation is instruction for all appraisers.}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Extension}, publisher={Clemson University}, author={Donaldson, Joseph}, year={2014}, month={Apr}, pages={2} }
 @article{franck_donaldson_toman_moody_2014, title={Moving beyond the program: Incorporating healthy living behaviors throughout 4-H}, url={http://www.joe.org/joe/2014august/comm2.php}, number={52}, journal={Journal of Extension}, author={Franck, K.L. and Donaldson, J.L. and Toman, J. and Moody, T.}, year={2014}, pages={4} }
 @article{thomas_donaldson_2014, title={Sugar Free with Justin T}, url={http://www.joe.org/joe/2014december/iw6.php}, number={52}, journal={Journal of Extension}, author={Thomas, J.B. and Donaldson, J.L.}, year={2014}, pages={6} }
 @article{donaldson_french_2013, title={Tennessee extension agents’ perceptions of performance appraisal}, volume={51}, url={http://www.joe.org/joe/2013june/a10.php}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Extension}, author={Donaldson, J.L. and French, R.L.}, year={2013} }
 @article{piercy_franz_donaldson_richard_2011, title={Consistency and change in participatory action research: Reflections on a focus group study about how farmers learn}, volume={16}, url={http://www.nova.edu/ssss/QR/QR16-3/piercy.pdf}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Qualitative Research}, author={Piercy, F.P. and Franz, N.K. and Donaldson, J.L. and Richard, R.}, year={2011}, pages={820–829} }
 @article{franz_piercy_donaldson_richard_westbrook_2010, title={Farmer, agent, and specialist perspectives on preferences for learning among today’s farmers}, volume={3}, url={http://www.joe.org/joe/2010june/rb1.php}, number={48}, journal={Journal of Extension}, author={Franz, N.K. and Piercy, F.P. and Donaldson, J.L. and Richard, R. and Westbrook, J.R.}, year={2010} }
 @article{donaldson_2010, title={Getting acquainted with free software}, volume={48}, url={http://www.joe.org/joe/2010june/tt7.php}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Extension}, author={Donaldson, J.L.}, year={2010} }
 @article{franz_piercy_donaldson_richard_westbrook_2010, title={How farmers learn: Implications for agricultural educators}, volume={25}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Rural Social Sciences}, author={Franz, N.K. and Piercy, F.P. and Donaldson, J.L. and Richard, R. and Westbrook, J.R.}, year={2010}, pages={37–59} }
 @article{donaldson_hale_bost_windham_stebbins_cook_2006, place={Knoxville, Tennessee}, title={Assessing an Extension Plant Pest Diagnostic Center for Commercial Clients: Satisfaction, Savings, and Success}, volume={44}, url={http://www.joe.org/joe/2006august/rb7.php}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Extension}, publisher={The University of Tennessee Extension}, author={Donaldson, Joseph and Hale, Frank A and Bost, Steven and Windham, Alan and Stebbins, Thomas and Cook, David}, year={2006}, month={Aug} }
 @article{donaldson_2004, title={Training public school teachers to teach CHARACTER COUNTS!}, volume={42}, url={http://www.joe.org/joe/2004october/iw3.shtml}, number={5}, journal={Journal of Extension}, author={Donaldson, J.L.}, year={2004} }
 @article{donaldson_thomson_whittington_nti_1999, title={Computer access, usage, and literacy of undergraduates in the agricultural sciences}, volume={43}, number={3}, journal={NACTA Journal}, author={Donaldson, J.L. and Thomson, J.S. and Whittington, P.R. and Nti, N.O.}, year={1999}, pages={20–29} }
 @article{donaldson_thomson_1999, title={Interpersonal Communication Strengthens Web-Based Instruction}, volume={83}, ISSN={1051-0834}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.4148/1051-0834.2142}, DOI={10.4148/1051-0834.2142}, abstractNote={This study describes the interpersonal communication preferences (instructor-to-student and student-to-student) among undergraduates surveyed in a freshmen seminar in the College of Agricultural Sciences at the Pennsylvania State University. The purpose was to investigate communication preferences among students at the University Park (main) campus and three Commonwealth (branch) campuses and describe implications for World Wide Web (Web) instruction. Findings indicated significant differences between student attitudes toward student-to-student and instructor-to-student communication. With regard to success in a course, students at the Commonwealth campuses placed more importance on both student-to-student and instructor-to-student communication. The findings indicate the need for educators incorporating the Web into their curriculum to adopt a learner-centered approach to instruction, using such technology with forethought.}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Applied Communications}, publisher={New Prairie Press}, author={Donaldson, Joseph L. and Thomson, Joan S.}, year={1999}, month={Sep} }
 @article{donaldson_1998, title={What is Extension’s itinerary for information superhighway travel?}, volume={36}, url={https://www.joe.org/joe/1998december/comm1.php}, number={6}, journal={Journal of Extension}, author={Donaldson, J.L.}, year={1998} }