@article{wang_jie_peng_hua_yan_zhou_lin_2019, title={Physiological Adaptive Strategies of Oil Seed Crop Ricinus communis Early Seedlings (Cotyledon vs. True Leaf) Under Salt and Alkali Stresses: From the Growth, Photosynthesis and Chlorophyll Fluorescence}, volume={9}, ISSN={["1664-462X"]}, DOI={10.3389/fpls.2018.01939}, abstractNote={Ricinus communis is an important energy crop and is considered as one of the most potential plants for salt-alkali soil improvement in Northeast China. Early seedling stage (such as the cotyledon expansion stage) is always a vulnerable stage but plays a vital role in plant establishment, especially under stress conditions. However, little information exists concerning the function of cotyledon and the relationship between cotyledon and true leaf in the adaptation to salt stress and alkali stress of this species. Here, Ricinus communis seedlings were treated with varying (40, 80 and 120 mM) salinity (NaCl) and alkalinity (NaHCO3), growth, photosynthesis, and chlorophyll fluorescence of cotyledons and true leaves were measured. The results showed that the biomass, photosynthetic parameters, and the qp value of both cotyledons and true leaves decreased with increasing salt-alkali stress, and the decrease in biomass, gs and Tr, of true leaves were much greater than that of cotyledons. Salt-alkali stress only reduced photosynthetic pigments and ΦPSII in cotyledons, but did not affect those in true leaves. Additionally, the Fv/Fm and NPQ between cotyledons and true leaves showed different trends in salinity and alkalinity. The results suggested that alkali stress could cause much more damage to the castor bean seedlings, and different physiological responses and adaptive strategies are found in cotyledons and true leaves under salt-alkali stress. This study will help us develop a better understanding of the adaptation mechanisms of cotyledon and true leaf during early seedling stage of castor bean plant, and also provide new insights into the function of cotyledon in Ricinus communis under salt-alkali stress conditions.}, journal={FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE}, author={Wang, Yingnan and Jie, Weiguang and Peng, Xiaoyuan and Hua, Xiaoyu and Yan, Xiufeng and Zhou, Zhiqiang and Lin, Jixiang}, year={2019}, month={Jan} }
 @article{wang_peng_salvato_wang_yan_zhou_lin_2019, title={Salt-adaptive strategies in oil seed crop Ricinus communis early seedlings (cotyledon vs. true leaf) revealed from proteomics analysis}, volume={171}, ISSN={["1090-2414"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.12.046}, abstractNote={Soil salinity is a major abiotic stress affecting crop growth and productivity. Ricinus communis has good salt tolerance and is also an important oilseed crop throughout the world. Early seedling stage (such as cotyledon expansion stage) is the most vulnerable period for plant under stresses. However, little information exist concerning the physiological and molecular mechanisms of Ricinus communis seedlings and the role play by cotyledons and true leaf under salt stress. In the present study, biomass, photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, inorganic ions and organic solutes contents were measured, and two dimensional gel electrophoresis-based proteomic technology was employed to identify the differentially abundant proteins in the salt-treated Ricinus communis cotyledons and true leaves. The results showed that salt stress reduced growth and photosynthesis in the seedlings. With increasing salinity, the Na+ content increased and K+ content decreased in both cotyledons and leaves, but the true leaves had lower Na+ and higher K+ contents. Soluble sugars and proline are the primary organic solutes to cope with osmotic stress. In addition, proteomic analysis revealed 30 and 42 differentially accumulated protein spots in castor cotyledon and true leaf under salt stress, respectively. Most of the identified proteins were involved in carbohydrate and energy metabolism, photosynthesis, genetic information process, reactive oxygen species metabolism, amino acid metabolism and cell structure. The physiological and proteomic results highlighted that cotyledons accumulated a large number of Na+ and provided more energy to help true leaves cope with salt stress. The true leaves saved carbon structures to synthesize osmotic substances, and the enhancement of chlorophyll synthesis and electron transfer in true leaves could also maintain photosynthesis under salt stress. These findings provide new insights into different physiological mechanisms in cotyledon and true leaf of Ricinus communis response to salt stress during early seedling stage.}, journal={ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY}, author={Wang, Yingnan and Peng, Xiaoyuan and Salvato, Fernanda and Wang, Yongcui and Yan, Xiufeng and Zhou, Zhiqiang and Lin, Jixiang}, year={2019}, month={Apr}, pages={12–25} }
 @article{lin_peng_hua_sun_wang_yan_2018, title={Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on Leymus chinensis seedlings under salt-alkali stress and nitrogen deposition conditions: from osmotic adjustment and ion balance}, volume={8}, ISSN={["2046-2069"]}, DOI={10.1039/c8ra00721g}, abstractNote={Nitrogen deposition and soil salinization–alkalization have become major environmental problems throughout the world. Leymus chinensis is the dominant, and considered the most valuable, species for grassland restoration in the Northeast of China. However, little information exists concerning the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in the adaptation of seedlings to the interactive effects of nitrogen and salt–alkali stress, especially from the perspective of osmotic adjustment and ion balance. Experiments were conducted in a greenhouse and Leymus chinensis seedlings were cultivated with NaCl/NaHCO3 under two nitrogen treatments (different concentrations of NH4+/NO3−). Root colonization, seedling growth, ion content, and solute accumulation were measured. The results showed that the colonization rate and the dry weights of the seedlings were both decreased with the increasing salt–alkali concentration, and were much lower under alkali stress. Both of the nitrogen treatments decreased the colonization rate and dry weights compared with those of the AM seedlings, especially under the N2 (more NH4+–N content) treatment. The Na+ content increased but the K+ content decreased under salt–alkali stress, and more markedly under alkali stress. AMF colonization decreased the Na+ content and increased the K+ content to some extent. In addition, the nitrogen treatments had a negative effect on the two ions in the AM seedlings. Under salt stress, the seedlings accumulated abundant Cl− to maintain osmotic and ionic balance, but alkali stress inhibited the absorption of anions and the seedlings accumulated organic acids in order to resist the imbalance of both osmosis and ions, whether under the AM or nitrogen treatments. In addition, proline accumulation is thought to be a typical adaptive feature in both AM and non-AM plants under nitrogen and salt–alkali stress. Our results suggest that the salt–alkali tolerance of Leymus chinensis seedlings is enhanced by association with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and the seedlings can adapt to the nitrogen and salt–alkali conditions by adjusting their osmotic adjustment and ion balance. Excessive nitrogen partly decreased the salt–alkali tolerance of the Leymus chinensis seedlings.}, number={26}, journal={RSC ADVANCES}, author={Lin, Jixiang and Peng, Xiaoyuan and Hua, Xiaoyu and Sun, Shengnan and Wang, Yingnan and Yan, Xiufeng}, year={2018}, pages={14500–14509} }
 @article{lin_hua_peng_dong_yan_2018, title={Germination Responses of Ryegrass (Annual vs. Perennial) Seed to the Interactive Effects of Temperature and Salt-Alkali Stress}, volume={9}, ISSN={["1664-462X"]}, DOI={10.3389/fpls.2018.01458}, abstractNote={Ryegrass is considered a useful grass species for forage production and turf purposes. Annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)are two species of ryegrass with similar genomes. So far, little information exists concerning their physiological response to salt-alkali stress during germination stage, especially under different temperature regimes. Seeds of ryegrass were germinated at four alternating temperatures (10–20, 15–25, 20–30, and 25–35°C) with salinity (NaCl) and alkalinity (Na2CO3, high pH) stresses. Results showed that optimal germination for both species under stress conditions occurred at higher temperatures (20–30°C for annual ryegrass; 20–30°C and 25–35°C for perennial ryegrass). Germination percentage and germination rate were both inhibited by increasing salinity or alkalinity, particularly higher alkalinities under any temperature. The inhibitory effects of the high salinity on germination were greater at 10–20°C for both species. However, seeds were subjected to more stress at 25–35°C under alkali stress even though the concentration was very low. In addition, both high and low temperatures lead to a markedly decrease in seed germination under alkali stress for perennial ryegrass. Recovery percentage of both species were highest at 400 mM salinity and 25 mM alkalinity under any temperature, especially 10–20°C, and 25–35°C also resulted in lower recovery percentages under both stresses for ryegrass. Moreover, annual ryegrass had a much higher recovery percentage than perennial ryegrass under such stress conditions. These results suggest that salinity stress and alkalinity stress are greatly different, and the salt-alkaline tolerance of ryegrass seeds is greatly affected by the interactions of temperature and salinity–alkalinity.}, journal={FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE}, author={Lin, Jixiang and Hua, Xiaoyu and Peng, Xiaoyuan and Dong, Bolin and Yan, Xiufeng}, year={2018}, month={Oct} }