@article{allison_widman_stewart_evans_perry_2022, title={Adherence to Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis in Adolescents and Young Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis}, volume={70}, ISSN={["1879-1972"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.04.001}, abstractNote={This meta-analysis synthesized the proportion of adolescents and young adults (AYAs) who are adherent to pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and factors moderating adherence. A systematic search was conducted of studies published through May 2020 using PubMed, PsycInfo, Cochrane, EMBASE, and CINAHL. Included studies reported the proportion of AYAs (mean age ≤ 29 years) who were PrEP adherent. PrEP adherence was meta-analyzed using random-effects models. Secondary analyses evaluated potential moderating variables. A total of 41 individual samples, from 29 studies, of 8,679 AYA (weighted average age = 23.8 years) were synthesized. The proportion of AYA who met study-defined thresholds for PrEP adherence was .64 (95% confidence interval .57-.71) across studies. Subgroup analyses revealed that adherence was lower in young cisgender women (.46) than young men who have sex with men (.65) and serodiscordant heterosexual couples (.98). Adherence was higher in studies initiated after 2012 (.70) than earlier studies (.47). No differences based on participant age, country, or strategies to promote adherence were found. Across published studies to date, 64% of AYA demonstrate adequate PrEP adherence. Findings can be used to guide PrEP adherence interventions and also provide directions for future research on PrEP among AYA.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH}, author={Allison, Bianca A. and Widman, Laura and Stewart, J. L. and Evans, Reina and Perry, Martha}, year={2022}, month={Jan}, pages={28–41} }
 @article{carrino_bryen_maheux_stewart_roberts_widman_choukas-bradley_2022, title={Are Feminists Empowered Activists or Entitled Whiners? A Thematic Analysis of U.S. Adolescents’ Definitions of “Feminist” in a Diverse, Mixed-Gender Sample}, volume={86}, ISSN={0360-0025 1573-2762}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11199-021-01260-3}, DOI={10.1007/s11199-021-01260-3}, number={7-8}, journal={Sex Roles}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Carrino, Emily A. and Bryen, Chloe P. and Maheux, Anne J. and Stewart, J. L. and Roberts, Savannah R. and Widman, Laura and Choukas-Bradley, Sophia}, year={2022}, month={Mar}, pages={395–414} }
 @article{kamke_stewart_widman_2022, title={Multilevel Barriers to Sexual Health Behavior Among Vulnerable Adolescent Girls in the USA}, volume={19}, ISSN={1868-9884 1553-6610}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13178-021-00594-7}, DOI={10.1007/s13178-021-00594-7}, abstractNote={Most sexual health interventions focus on individual-level predictors of sexual behavior. Given the considerable influence of environmental factors on adolescent girls' sexual health, current interventions may be insufficient to promote safer sex. In this study, we aimed to understand adolescent girls' anticipated barriers to engaging in safer sex behavior after completing a brief, web-based sexual health intervention called HEART.This study used qualitative interviews with 50 adolescent girls who were recruited from community-based organizations that serve vulnerable youth. All participants were 12 to 19 years old (mean age=15.62, SD=1.83), and identified with a marginalized racial/ethnic group (58% Black; 18% Latinx; 24% Asian, biracial, or multiracial). Further, 24% identified as LGBTQ+, and 58% were sexually active.Guided by the social ecological model, we delineate six unique barriers to safer sex discussed by adolescents: partner manipulation, slut shaming, unclear sexual values, present time orientation, embarrassment, and access to sexual and reproductive health services.We conclude with recommendations for addressing these barriers to optimize adolescent girls' sexual health.}, number={2}, journal={Sexuality Research and Social Policy}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Kamke, Kristyn and Stewart, J. L. and Widman, Laura}, year={2022}, pages={822–833} }
 @article{stewart_wallace_nance_schalkoff_uhrig castonguay_widman_carey_golin_2022, title={Validated HIV Knowledge Scales for Use with Adults and Adolescents: A Systematic Review}, volume={26}, ISSN={1090-7165 1573-3254}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10461-021-03521-4}, DOI={10.1007/s10461-021-03521-4}, abstractNote={HIV knowledge - the information a person possesses about HIV - is essential for the prevention and management of HIV. Therefore, the accurate measurement of HIV knowledge is important for both science and practice. This systematic review identifies extant HIV knowledge scales that have been validated with adolescent and adult populations and summarizes the state of this research. We searched seven electronic databases, which resulted in 6,525 articles. After title/abstract and full-text review, 27 studies remained and underwent qualitative review of reported scale psychometric properties. Many studies were conducted in the last decade (n = 12), reflecting advances in scientific knowledge of HIV. Five were exclusively adolescent-based studies (sample age ≤ 18). Most studies reported reliability (n = 25) or at least one form of validity (n = 21). Future studies should develop or refine HIV knowledge scales so that they reflect recent scientific developments, use rigorous psychometric testing, and target samples that include those persons at highest risk for HIV.}, number={5}, journal={AIDS and Behavior}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Stewart, J. L. and Wallace, Deshira D. and Nance, Abby and Schalkoff, Christine A. and Uhrig Castonguay, Breana J. and Widman, Laura and Carey, Michael P. and Golin, Carol E.}, year={2022}, pages={1695–1715} }
 @article{stewart_stults_ristuccia_2021, title={Consensual Non-Monogamy Relationship Rules Among Young Gay and Bisexual Men: A Dyadic Qualitative Analysis}, ISSN={["1573-2800"]}, DOI={10.1007/s10508-021-01919-8}, abstractNote={Consensual non-monogamous (CNM) relationship rules, the boundaries and understandings partners have about acceptable behaviors related to their CNM relationship, are associated with relationship functioning and sexual health risk among gay and bisexual men. Partnered young gay and bisexual men (YGBM) experience unique relational challenges and sexual health disparities. Thus, understanding the nuances of relationship rules among YGBM in CNM relationships is of particular importance. However, few studies have examined relationship rules specifically among YGBM. The current study sought to explore relationship rules among YGBM in CNM relationships, including both those explicitly discussed and those implicitly assumed. We also assessed concordance and discrepancies in partners' reports of their relationship rules, as well as rule violations. Partners from 10 CNM couples (n = 20; M age  = 25.3) completed separate semi-structured interviews that included questions about their relationship rules. Individual- and dyad-level analyses were conducted using a modified version of the consensual qualitative research method. Three main themes of relationship rules emerged from the data: extradyadic partner criteria, conditions regarding extradyadic sex, and conditions regarding maintenance of the primary relationship. While 39% of participants reported rules that were not endorsed by their partner, few clearly contradictory discrepancies in partners' reports were observed. Nine participants reported having at least one implicit rule and 70% of participants (from 8 of 10 couples) reported that they and/or their partner violated at least one rule. Explicit rules and rule concordance may be associated with improved relationship functioning. Common violations of sexual risk reduction rules may contribute to YGBM's increased HIV/STI risk.}, journal={ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR}, author={Stewart, J. L. and Stults, Christopher B. and Ristuccia, Annie}, year={2021}, month={May} }
 @article{maheux_bryen_carrino_stewart_widman_choukas-bradley_2021, title={Depressive symptoms among mostly heterosexual adolescents}, volume={25}, ISSN={["1935-9713"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1080/19359705.2020.1843583}, DOI={10.1080/19359705.2020.1843583}, abstractNote={Abstract Background Mostly heterosexual adolescents experience heightened depressive symptoms compared to heterosexual adolescents, though prior comparisons with other sexual minority adolescents have been inconsistent and rarely used a comprehensive measure of sexual orientation. Method U.S. high school adolescents were considered mostly heterosexual if they either (a) self-identified as mostly heterosexual or (b) identified as heterosexual but reported same-gender attraction and/or sexual behavior. Result Depressive symptoms among both groups of mostly heterosexual adolescents were higher than exclusively heterosexual adolescents but similar to other sexual minority adolescents. Conclusion Mostly heterosexual adolescents may be at risk for depression like their other sexual minority peers.}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF GAY & LESBIAN MENTAL HEALTH}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Maheux, Anne J. and Bryen, Chloe P. and Carrino, Emily A. and Stewart, J. L. and Widman, Laura and Choukas-Bradley, Sophia}, year={2021}, month={Jun}, pages={317–332} }
 @article{stewart_wallace_nance_schalkoff_uhrig castonguay_widman_carey_golin_2021, title={Validated HIV Knowledge Scales for Use with Adults and Adolescents: A Systematic Review (Nov, 10.1007/s10461-021-03521-4, 2021)}, volume={11}, ISSN={["1573-3254"]}, DOI={10.1007/s10461-021-03536-x}, journal={AIDS AND BEHAVIOR}, author={Stewart, J. L. and Wallace, Deshira D. and Nance, Abby and Schalkoff, Christine A. and Uhrig Castonguay, Breana J. and Widman, Laura and Carey, Michael P. and Golin, Carol E.}, year={2021}, month={Nov} }
 @article{stewart_kamke_widman_hope_2021, title={“They See Sex as Something That’s Reproductive and Not as Something People Do for Fun”: Shortcomings in Adolescent Girls’ Sexual Socialization from Adults}, volume={37}, ISSN={0743-5584 1552-6895}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/07435584211020299}, DOI={10.1177/07435584211020299}, abstractNote={ Theorists suggest that adolescent girls’ sexual socialization can influence sexual risk reduction and positive sexuality development, although adolescent girls’ positive sexuality development is understudied. In this study, we applied a sex-positive framework to explore sexual socialization experiences among a sample of adolescent girls of color recruited from community-based organizations that serve youth with heightened needs ( n = 50; Mage = 15.62, range = 12–19; 58% Black/African American; 76% heterosexual; 58% sexually active). Specifically, we examined girls’ reports of messages about sexuality they have received from their teachers, parents, health care providers, and society at large. Participants completed brief, semi-structured qualitative interviews. Inductive thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Overall, the adolescent girls described how they navigate primarily sex-negative sexual socialization messages from adults to develop positive sexual selves. Within this narrative, we found five themes: (a) Adults deliver one-sided communication that adolescent sex is inappropriate and risky; (b) Gendered messages restrict adolescent girls’ sexuality; (c) Naive adults can’t be trusted; (d) Exclusion of same-gender sexual experiences endangers adolescents who are lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer, and with other nonheterosexual orientations (LGBQ+); and (e) Messages about sexual protection can help but may still restrict adolescent girls’ sexual choices. Implications for adolescent girls’ positive sexuality development are discussed. }, number={2}, journal={Journal of Adolescent Research}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Stewart, J. L. and Kamke, Kristyn and Widman, Laura and Hope, Elan C.}, year={2021}, month={Jun}, pages={250–279} }
 @article{widman_kamke_evans_stewart_choukas-bradley_golin_2020, title={Feasibility, Acceptability, and Preliminary Efficacy of a Brief Online Sexual Health Program for Adolescents}, volume={57}, ISSN={["1559-8519"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2019.1630800}, DOI={10.1080/00224499.2019.1630800}, abstractNote={This study evaluated the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a 45-minute interactive, online sexual health program for adolescents, called Health Education and Relationship Training (HEART). The program was originally developed and evaluated among adolescent girls (HEART for Girls); the current project describes and evaluates a new version of the program that was adapted for boys and girls. Participants were 226 high school students (mean age = 16.3; 58% girls; 46% White; 79% heterosexual). Students were randomized to HEART or an attention-matched control and assessed at pre-test and immediate post-test. Overall, the program was feasible to administer in a school setting and youth found the program highly acceptable (83% liked the program, 87% learned new things, and 93% would use program content in the future). At post-test, students who completed HEART demonstrated improvements on every outcome we examined: sexual communication intentions, condom use intentions, HIV/STD knowledge, condom attitudes, condom norms, self-efficacy to practice safer sex, and sexual assertiveness compared to control participants (effect size ds = .23 to 1.27). Interactions by gender and sexual orientation revealed the program was equally acceptable and worked equally well for boys and girls and for heterosexual and sexual minority youth. We propose several avenues to further adapt and tailor HEART given its promise in promoting adolescent sexual health.}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Widman, Laura and Kamke, Kristyn and Evans, Reina and Stewart, J. L. and Choukas-Bradley, Sophia and Golin, Carol E.}, year={2020}, month={Feb}, pages={145–154} }
 @article{evans_widman_kamke_stewart_2020, title={Gender Differences in Parents' Communication With Their Adolescent Children about Sexual Risk and Sex-Positive Topics}, volume={57}, ISSN={["1559-8519"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2019.1661345}, DOI={10.1080/00224499.2019.1661345}, abstractNote={A healthy sexual self-concept that captures an understanding of the risky and the positive aspects of sexuality is imperative to life-long well-being. Parents have a unique opportunity to instill knowledge of sexual risk as well as confidence and comfort around sexuality in their adolescents. Although parent–child communication about sexual risk is fairly common, less is known regarding the frequency of parent–child communication about sex-positive topics, such as sexual desire and satisfaction. This study examined the frequency of parents’ communication with their children about sexual risk and sex-positive topics among a sample of 901 parents of 13–17-year-old adolescents (parent Mage= 40.61; 71% mothers) from across the U.S. Parents reported on sexual communication with their adolescent children (child Mage = 14.68; 50% daughters). We examined gender differences in communication patterns. Few parents communicated with their adolescents about sex-positive topics. Only 38% discussed sexual satisfaction, 38% discussed different types of sexual practices (e.g., oral sex), and 55% discussed sexual desire. Parents communicate more about sexual risk than sex-positive topics with their adolescents and this discrepancy was largest for mothers of daughters. Fathers of daughters communicate the least about sex-positive topics. Implications for intervention development and future research on sexual communication are discussed.}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH}, author={Evans, Reina and Widman, Laura and Kamke, Kristyn and Stewart, J. L.}, year={2020}, month={Feb}, pages={177–188} }
 @article{stewart_widman_kamke_2019, title={Applying a Multifactorial Communication Framework to Better Understand Differences between Father-daughter and Mother-daughter Sexual Health Discussions}, volume={24}, ISSN={["1087-0415"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2019.1651428}, DOI={10.1080/10810730.2019.1651428}, abstractNote={While the literature on parent-child sexual communication among adolescent girls is robust overall, research that is specifically focused on communication between fathers and daughters is more limited. Further, there have been calls for work on parent-child sexual communication to be situated within a multi-factorial conceptual framework that distinguishes between different communication components, such as the communication source, content, frequency, quality, and timing. Using such a framework, this study examined aspects of father-daughter sexual communication as they compare to mother-daughter communication in a diverse sample of 193 girls (Mage = 15.62). Results highlighted several gaps between father-daughter and mother-daughter communication. Girls reported covering less content and communicating less frequently about sexual topics with their fathers compared to their mothers. Girls also reported being less comfortable communicating and found their discussions to be less helpful with fathers than mothers. Girls were also less likely to report communicating with fathers about sexual topics before their sexual debut than with mothers. No significant differences were found in communication style (i.e., conversational or like a lecture) between fathers or mothers. Results highlight the importance of understanding the multifaceted process of parent-child communication and signal the need for targeted intervention efforts to improve upon father-daughter communication.}, number={7-8}, journal={JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Stewart, J. L. and Widman, Laura and Kamke, Kristyn}, year={2019}, pages={633–642} }
 @article{stewart_spivey_widman_choukas-bradley_prinstein_2019, title={Developmental patterns of sexual identity, romantic attraction, and sexual behavior among adolescents over three years}, volume={77}, ISSN={["1095-9254"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.adolescence.2019.10.006}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT}, journal={JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENCE}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Stewart, J. L. and Spivey, Leigh A. and Widman, Laura and Choukas-Bradley, Sophia and Prinstein, Mitchell J.}, year={2019}, month={Dec}, pages={90–97} }
 @misc{wallace_pack_castonguay_stewart_schalkoff_cherkur_schein_go_devadas_fisher_et al._2019, title={Validity of Social Support Scales Utilized Among HIV-Infected and HIV-Affected Populations: A Systematic Review}, volume={23}, ISSN={["1573-3254"]}, DOI={10.1007/s10461-018-2294-z}, abstractNote={Social support enhances self-management and prevention of behaviors and is typically assessed using self-report scales; however, little is known about the validity of these scales in HIV-infected or affected populations. This systematic review aims to identify available validated social support scales used in HIV-infected and HIV-affected populations. A systematic literature search using key search terms was conducted in electronic databases. After rounds abstract screenings, full-text reviews, and data abstraction 17 studies remained, two of which assessed multiple social support scales, which increased number of scales to 19. Most scales assessed positive social support behaviors (n = 18). Most scales assessed perceived social support (n = 14) compared to received social support. Reliability ranged from 0.67 to 0.97. The most common forms of validation reported were content validity and construct validity and the least was criterion-related validity. Future research should seek to build evidence for validation for existing scales used in HIV-infected or HIV-affected populations.}, number={8}, journal={AIDS AND BEHAVIOR}, author={Wallace, Deshira D. and Pack, Allison and Castonguay, Breana Uhrig and Stewart, J. L. and Schalkoff, Christine and Cherkur, Sruthi and Schein, Margot and Go, Matthew and Devadas, Jackson and Fisher, Edwin B. and et al.}, year={2019}, month={Aug}, pages={2155–2175} }
 @misc{widman_nesi_kamke_choukas-bradley_stewart_2018, title={Technology-Based Interventions to Reduce Sexually Transmitted Infections and Unintended Pregnancy Among Youth}, volume={62}, ISSN={["1879-1972"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.02.007}, DOI={10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.02.007}, abstractNote={<h2>Abstract</h2><h3>Purpose</h3> Technology-based interventions to promote sexual health have proliferated in recent years, yet their efficacy among youth has not been meta-analyzed. This study synthesizes the literature on technology-based sexual health interventions among youth. <h3>Methods</h3> Studies were included if they (1) sampled youth ages 13–24; (2) utilized technology-based platforms; (3) measured condom use or abstinence as outcomes; (4) evaluated program effects with experimental or quasi-experimental designs; and (5) were published in English. <h3>Results</h3> Sixteen studies with 11,525 youth were synthesized. There was a significant weighted mean effect of technology-based interventions on condom use (<i>d</i> = .23, 95% confidence interval [CI] [.12, .34], <i>p</i> < .001) and abstinence (<i>d</i> = .21, 95% CI [.02, .40], <i>p</i> = .027). Effects did not differ by age, gender, country, intervention dose, interactivity, or program tailoring. However, effects were stronger when assessed with short-term (1–5 months) than with longer term (greater than 6 months) follow-ups. Compared with control programs, technology-based interventions were also more effective in increasing sexual health knowledge (<i>d</i> = .40, <i>p</i> < .001) and safer sex norms (<i>d</i> = .15, <i>p</i> = .022) and attitudes (<i>d</i> = .12, <i>p</i> <i>=</i> .016). <h3>Conclusions</h3> After 15 years of research on youth-focused technology-based interventions, this meta-analysis demonstrates their promise to improve safer sex behavior and cognitions. Future work should adapt interventions to extend their protective effects over time.}, number={6}, journal={JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH}, author={Widman, Laura and Nesi, Jacqueline and Kamke, Kristyn and Choukas-Bradley, Sophia and Stewart, J. L.}, year={2018}, month={Jun}, pages={651–660} }