@article{morgan_singh_kesheimer_davis_sanz-saez_2024, title={Severe drought significantly reduces floral hemp <i>(Cannabis sativa</i> L.) yield and cannabinoid content but moderate drought does not}, volume={219}, ISSN={["1873-7307"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105649}, abstractNote={Floral Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is a new crop of interest due to its capacity of producing medicinally active substances such as cannabidiol (CBD) and other cannabinoids and low tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Preliminary experiments performed in high-THC cannabis have found that light drought stress close to inflorescence maturity can increase THC levels raising concerns about the negative effects that drought can have on floral hemp production. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the effects of various timings and levels of drought on floral hemp yield, CBD and THC content. The hemp cultivars 'BaOx' and 'Cherry Mom' were planted in a commercial greenhouse setting in 2021 and 2022 and grown under well-watered conditions until flowering, at which drought treatments started. Moderate drought intensities (30–50 % field capacity) did not modify yield or THC and cannabidiol (CBD) levels. However, intense drought treatments led to significantly decreased yield and THC and CBD concentrations. Overall, drought stress reduced the THC percentage less than CBD, therefore decreasing the CBD:THC ratio. This research also demonstrates that intense drought decreases THC and CBD content instead of increasing it.}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY}, author={Morgan, Wayne and Singh, Jagdeep and Kesheimer, Katelyn and Davis, Jeanine and Sanz-Saez, Alvaro}, year={2024}, month={Mar} }
 @article{morgan_singh_kesheimer_davis_sanz-saez_2023, title={Identifying physiological traits related with drought tolerance and water-use efficiency in floral hemp (<i>Cannabis sativa</i> L.)}, volume={12}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, DOI={10.1002/csc2.21150}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Morgan, Wayne and Singh, Jagdeep and Kesheimer, Katelyn and Davis, Jeanine and Sanz-Saez, Alvaro}, year={2023}, month={Dec} }
 @article{rutto_xu_ren_scoggins_davis_2021, title={Results from Hop Cultivar Trials in Mid-Atlantic United States}, volume={31}, ISSN={["1943-7714"]}, DOI={10.21273/HORTTECH04727-20}, abstractNote={‘Hop’ (Humulus lupulus) cultivar trials were conducted at sites in three Virginia counties (Northampton, Chesterfield, and Madison) in response to demand by the craft beer industry for local ingredients. In 2016, a replicated study involving five cultivars (Cascade, Chinook, Newport, Nugget, and Zeus) was established on an 18-ft-tall trellis system at each site. Weather data influencing infectivity of downy mildew (Pseudoperonospora humuli) and powdery mildew (Podosphaera macularis), two economically important hop diseases, was collected, and to the extent possible, similar cultural practices were applied at each site. Climatic conditions favorable to P. humuli and P. macularis were present throughout the experimental period, and P. humuli infection was widespread at all sites starting from 2017. Among common pests, Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica) was the only one observed to cause significant damage. Unseasonably high rainfall in 2018 led to crop failure at all but the Northampton site, and harvesting was done at all sites only in 2017 and 2019. Yields (kilograms per hectare by weight) in 2017 were found to be ≥45% lower than second-year estimates for yards in the north and northwestern United States. Quality attributes (α and β acids; essential oil) for cones harvested from the Chesterfield site were comparable to published ranges for ‘Cascade’ in 2019, but lower for the other cultivars. More work is needed to identify or develop cultivars better suited to conditions in the southeastern United States. The influence of terroir on quality of commercial cultivars produced in the region should also be examined.}, number={4}, journal={HORTTECHNOLOGY}, author={Rutto, Laban K. and Xu, Yixiang and Ren, Shuxin and Scoggins, Holly and Davis, Jeanine}, year={2021}, month={Aug}, pages={542–551} }
 @article{kalinowski_edmisten_davis_mcginnis_hicks_cockson_veazie_whipker_2020, title={Augmenting Nutrient Acquisition Ranges of Greenhouse Grown CBD (Cannabidiol) Hemp (Cannabis sativa) Cultivars}, volume={6}, url={https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae6040098}, DOI={10.3390/horticulturae6040098}, abstractNote={There is a growing interest in the production of hemp for the extraction of cannabidiol (CBD) due to reported therapeutic benefits. Recent policy reform has permitted state hemp pilot programs, including the land grant research institutions, the ability to investigate the potential of growing and harvesting Cannabis sativa plants (≤0.3% tetrahydrocannabinol) for these purposes in the U.S. There are vast gaps of knowledge regarding the fertility requirements of hemp cultivars grown in a horticultural production setting for floral attributes such as the cannabinoid constituents. Foliar tissue analysis provides an avenue to determine adequate ranges for nutrient uptake and estimating fertilizer requirements prior to visual symptoms of deficiency or toxicity. To facilitate a survey range of elemental nutrient acquisition in hemp cultivars propagated for CBD production, foliar analysis was executed using the most recently mature leaves (MRML) of mother stock plants. All plants were maintained in the vegetative stage for twelve weeks, prior to initiation of cutting for clone harvesting. A total of thirteen cultivars were utilized to broaden previously reported baseline survey ranges. Significant differences were found among all thirteen cultivars in accumulation of both micro and macro essential nutrients, widening the range of the fertility requirements of Cannabis plants grown in this production model for CBD harvesting.}, number={4}, journal={Horticulturae}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Kalinowski, Jennifer and Edmisten, Keith and Davis, Jeanine and McGinnis, Michelle and Hicks, Kristin and Cockson, Paul and Veazie, Patrick and Whipker, Brian}, year={2020}, month={Dec}, pages={98} }
 @article{kruger_munsell_chamberlain_davis_huish_2020, title={Describing Medicinal Non-Timber Forest Product Trade in Eastern Deciduous Forests of the United States}, volume={11}, ISSN={["1999-4907"]}, DOI={10.3390/f11040435}, abstractNote={Eastern deciduous forests in the United States have supplied marketable non-timber forest products (NTFP) since the 18th century. However, trade is still largely informal, and the market scope and structure are not well understood. One exception is American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.). Ginseng’s legal status as a threatened species requires that buyers apply for a license and keep sales records that are submitted to a state authority. Other marketable medicinal plants collected from the same forests, known colloquially as ‘off-roots’, are not similarly tracked. To study the characteristics of off-root trade in the eastern deciduous forests of the United States, registered ginseng buyers in 15 eastern states were surveyed in 2015 and 2016 about business attributes, purchase volume, and harvest distribution for 15 off-root species selected for their economic and conservation value. Buyers voluntarily reported harvesting 47 additional NTFP species. The most frequently purchased off-root species were the roots and rhizomes of two perennial understory plants: black cohosh (Actaea racemosa L.) and goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis L.). Survey data were used to develop a buyer typology and describe the off-root market structure and material sourcing. The buyer typology included four distinct categories: side or specialty (small); seasonal venture (medium); large integrated or dedicated business (large); and dedicated bulk enterprise (regional aggregator). Market activity was mapped across the study area, demonstrating that most off-root trade is concentrated in central Appalachia, an area with extensive forests and a struggling economy. Study methods and data improve non-timber forest product market insights, are useful for forest management, and can support efforts to advance sustainable NTFP supply chains.}, number={4}, journal={FORESTS}, author={Kruger, Steve D. and Munsell, John F. and Chamberlain, James L. and Davis, Jeanine M. and Huish, Ryan D.}, year={2020}, month={Apr} }
 @article{meadows_gaskill_stefanile_sharpe_davis_2020, title={Persistence of Tuber melanosporum in truffle orchards in North Carolina, USA (vol 30, pg 705, 2020)}, volume={30}, ISSN={["1432-1890"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-020-00988-2}, DOI={10.1007/s00572-020-00988-2}, abstractNote={The original version of this article contained an error. The sentence on page 6 lines 5-7.}, number={6}, journal={MYCORRHIZA}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Meadows, Inga and Gaskill, Kelly and Stefanile, Leonora and Sharpe, Suzette and Davis, Jeanine}, year={2020}, month={Nov}, pages={713–713} }
 @article{meadows_gaskill_stefanile_sharpe_davis_2020, title={Persistence ofTuber melanosporumin truffle orchards in North Carolina, USA}, volume={30}, ISSN={["1432-1890"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-020-00982-8}, DOI={10.1007/s00572-020-00982-8}, abstractNote={A survey was conducted to determine the persistence of mycorrhization by Tuber melanosporum in truffle orchards established with European and American species of oak and common hazel trees in North Carolina. The trees had reportedly been inoculated and colonized by T. melanosporum prior to planting. Root samples were collected from 95 trees among seven orchards in 2015 and roots were analyzed by morphology and quantitative PCR. Samples that tested negative for T. melanosporum or where ectomycorrhizal morphology was not observed were analyzed by sequencing to identify the mycorrhizal fungal symbiont present. The presence of T. melanosporum was detected in all seven orchards. In six orchards, T. melanosporum was detected on all trees, but in only two of fifteen trees in one orchard. Other species of Tuber including T. brennemanii, T. canaliculatum, and T. lyonii, species of Scleroderma, and members of the Pezizales were also detected by sequence analysis. Sporocarps of T. aestivum and T. brumale were found in 2017 and 2018 in separate orchards in North Carolina after the survey was conducted. Overall, results indicate that T. melanosporum has persisted in truffle orchards sampled in North Carolina. Indigenous and contaminating fungal species, including Tuber species, were also detected and present a challenge to the truffle industry in North Carolina.}, number={6}, journal={MYCORRHIZA}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Meadows, Inga and Gaskill, Kelly and Stefanile, Leonora and Sharpe, Suzette and Davis, Jeanine}, year={2020}, month={Nov}, pages={705–711} }
 @article{kruger_munsell_chamberlain_davis_huish_2020, title={Projecting Medicinal Plant Trade Volume and Value in Deciduous Forests of the Eastern United States}, volume={11}, ISSN={["1999-4907"]}, DOI={10.3390/f11010074}, abstractNote={The volume, value and distribution of the nontimber forest product (NTFP) trade in the United States are largely unknown. This is due to the lack of systematic, periodic and comprehensive market tracking programs. Trade measurement and mapping would allow market actors and stakeholders to improve market conditions, manage NTFP resources, and increase the sustainable production of raw material. This is especially true in the heavily forested and mountainous regions of the eastern United States. This study hypothesized that the tendency to purchase medicinal NTFPs in this region can be predicted using socioeconomic and environmental variables associated with habitat and trade, and those same variables can be used to build more robust estimates of trade volume. American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) dealers were surveyed (n = 700), because by law they must acquire a license to legally trade in this species, and therefore report a business address. They also record purchase data. Similar data are not reported for other medicinal species sold to the same buyers, known colloquially as ‘off-roots’. Ginseng buyers were queried about trade activity in eleven commonly-harvested and previously untracked medicinal NTFP species in 15 states. Multinomial logistic regression comprised of socioeconomic and environmental predictors tied to business location was used to determine the probability that a respondent purchased off-roots. Significant predictors included location in a particular subregion, population and percentage of employment in related industries. These variables were used in a two-step cluster analysis to group respondents and nonrespondents. Modeled probabilities for off-root purchasing among respondents in each cluster were used to impute average off-root volumes for a proportion of nonrespondents in the same cluster. Respondent observations and nonrespondent estimations were summed and used to map off-root trade volume and value. Model functionality and estimates of the total volume, value and spatial distribution are discussed. The total value of the species surveyed to harvesters was 4.3 million USD. We also find that 77 percent of the trade value and 73 percent of the trade volume were represented by two species: black cohosh (Actaea racemosa L.) and goldenseal (Hydrastis canqdensis L.)}, number={1}, journal={FORESTS}, author={Kruger, Steve D. and Munsell, John F. and Chamberlain, James L. and Davis, Jeanine M. and Huish, Ryan D.}, year={2020}, month={Jan} }
 @article{davis_2015, title={Current Opportunities and Best Practices for Ginseng (c)}, volume={1085}, ISSN={["0567-7572"]}, DOI={10.17660/actahortic.2015.1085.91}, journal={PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2014 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE INTERNATIONAL PLANT PROPAGATORS SOCIETY}, author={Davis, Jeanine}, year={2015}, pages={451–453} }
 @article{davis_2012, title={Assisting Farmers to Produce High-quality Medicinal Herbs}, volume={47}, ISSN={["2327-9834"]}, DOI={10.21273/hortsci.47.8.976}, abstractNote={Farmers are looking for new crops to grow to diversify their farms and increase profitability. Medicinal herbs are often of interest because they are generally perceived as being easy to grow, in high demand, return good prices, and serve as useful rotational crops. In reality, most farmers who have not previously grown medicinal herbs do not understand the global herb market. They do not know how to find a buyer or which herbs to grow. To help growers produce and market medicinal herbs, we initiated the Medicinal Herbs for Commerce Project. We also conducted studies on production problems for a variety of herbs. An issue that should be addressed is that there are hundreds of medicinal herbs in commerce and it is impossible for a small number of research programs to independently answer all the questions that are being asked by the industry. Developing a consortium of researchers around the world to coordinate efforts on how best to grow and process medicinal herbs and to create a database of information for farmers and agricultural advisors would be a great service for this industry.}, number={8}, journal={HORTSCIENCE}, author={Davis, Jeanine M.}, year={2012}, month={Aug}, pages={976–978} }
 @article{cecil_davis_cech_laster_2011, title={Inhibition of H1N1 influenza A virus growth and induction of inflammatory mediators by the isoquinoline alkaloid berberine and extracts of goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis)}, volume={11}, ISSN={1567-5769}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2011.06.002}, DOI={10.1016/j.intimp.2011.06.002}, abstractNote={In this study we tested whether the isoquinoline alkaloid berberine can inhibit the growth of influenza A. Our experiments showed strong inhibition of the growth of H1N1 influenza A strains PR/8/34 or WS/33 in RAW 264.7 macrophage-like cells, A549 human lung epithelial-derived cells and murine bone marrow derived macrophages, but not MDCK canine kidney cells. Studies of the mechanism underlying this effect suggest that berberine acts post-translationally to inhibit virus protein trafficking/maturation which in turn inhibits virus growth. Berberine was also evaluated for its ability to inhibit production of TNF-α and PGE(2) from A/PR/8/34 infected-RAW 264.7 cells. Our studies revealed strong inhibition of production of both mediators and suggest that this effect is distinct from the anti-viral effect. Finally, we asked whether berberine-containing ethanol extracts of goldenseal also inhibit the growth of influenza A and production of inflammatory mediators. We found strong effectiveness at high concentrations, although upon dilution extracts were somewhat less effective than purified berberine. Taken together, our results suggest that berberine may indeed be useful for the treatment of infections with influenza A.}, number={11}, journal={International Immunopharmacology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Cecil, Chad E. and Davis, Jeanine M. and Cech, Nadja B. and Laster, Scott M.}, year={2011}, month={Nov}, pages={1706–1714} }
 @article{cech_kandhi_davis_hamilton_eads_laster_2010, title={Echinacea and its alkylamides: Effects on the influenza A-induced secretion of cytokines, chemokines, and PGE(2) from RAW 264.7 macrophage-like cells}, volume={10}, ISSN={["1878-1705"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.intimp.2010.07.009}, abstractNote={The goal of this study was to determine whether extracts and isolated alkylamides from Echinacea purpurea would be useful for prevention of the inflammatory response that accompanies infections with H1N1 influenza A. Seventeen extracts and 4 alkylamides were tested for the ability to inhibit production of cytokines, chemokines, and PGE2 from RAW 264.7 macrophage-like cells infected with the H1N1 influenza A strain PR/8/34. The alkylamides undeca-2Z,4E-diene-8,10-diynic acid isobutylamide, dodeca-2E,4E,8Z,10E/Z-tetraenoic acid isobutylamide, dodeca-2E,4E-dienoic acid isobutylamide, and undeca-2E-ene-8,10-diynoic acid isobutylamide suppressed production of TNF-α and PGE2 from infected cells. Dodeca-2E,4E-dienoic acid isobutylamide was especially effective at inhibiting production of these mediators and also strongly inhibited production of G-CSF, CCL2/MCP-1, CCL3/MIP-1α and CCL5/RANTES. In contrast, the ethanol extracts (75%), which were prepared from dormant roots of E. purpurea grown in different locations throughout North Carolina, displayed a range of effects from suppression to stimulation of mediator production. Precipitation of the extracts with ethanol removed the stimulatory activity, however, even after precipitation; many of the extracts did not display any suppressive activity. Analysis of the extracts revealed slight variations in concentration of alkylamides, caftaric acid, and cichoric acid, but the activity of the extracts did not strongly correlate with concentrations of these compounds. Our in vitro experiments suggest that E. purpurea extracts have the potential for use in alleviating the symptoms and pathology associated with infections with influenza A; however, further study will be necessary to define procedures necessary to unmask the alkylamide activity in crude extracts.}, number={10}, journal={INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY}, author={Cech, Nadja B. and Kandhi, Vamsikrishna and Davis, Jeanine M. and Hamilton, Amy and Eads, Dawn and Laster, Scott M.}, year={2010}, month={Oct}, pages={1268–1278} }
 @article{graf_levine_andrews_perlmutter_nielsen_davis_wani_oberlies_2007, title={Variability in the Yield of Benzophenanthridine Alkaloids in Wildcrafted vs Cultivated Bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis L.)}, volume={55}, ISSN={0021-8561 1520-5118}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf062498f}, DOI={10.1021/jf062498f}, abstractNote={Populations of bloodroot [Sanguinaria canadensis L. (Papaveraceae)] are found throughout the eastern forests of North America, with particular abundance in the southern Appalachian Mountains. Increasingly, it is finding use in Europe as a nonantibiotic animal feed supplement to promote weight gain. As efforts to cultivate this herb are underway, there is a need to understand the effect of agronomic permutations on both the dry mass rhizome yield and the yield of benzophenanthridine alkaloids. Month-to-month variability of the concentration of the alkaloids sanguinarine and chelerythrine in both cultivated and wildcrafted bloodroot was examined. The alkaloid yield was consistently higher, but more variable, in wildcrafted plants. On average, cultivated rhizomes were both larger and more consistently sized than those that were wildcrafted. The concentration of a suite of trace elements was measured in soil that was collected concomitantly with each plant accession. Differences in element profiles were compared against alkaloid yields.}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Graf, Tyler N. and Levine, Keith E. and Andrews, Margaret E. and Perlmutter, Jason M. and Nielsen, Samara Joy and Davis, Jeanine M. and Wani, Mansukh C. and Oberlies, Nicholas H.}, year={2007}, month={Feb}, pages={1205–1211} }
 @article{qu_wang_chen_scalzo_widrlechner_davis_hancock_2005, title={Commercial seed lots exhibit reduced seed dormancy in comparison to wild seed lots of Echinacea purpurea}, volume={40}, ISSN={["2327-9834"]}, DOI={10.21273/hortsci.40.6.1843}, abstractNote={Seed germination patterns were studied in Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench grouped by seed source, one group of seven lots from commercially cultivated populations and a second group of nine lots regenerated from ex situ conserved wild populations. Germination tests were conducted in a growth chamber in light (40 μmol·m–2·s–1) or darkness at 25 °C for 20 days after soaking the seeds in water for 10 minutes. Except for two seed lots from wild populations, better germination was observed for commercially cultivated populations in light (90% mean among seed lots, ranging from 82% to 95%) and in darkness (88% mean among seed lots, ranging from 82% to 97%) than for wild populations in light (56% mean among seed lots, ranging from 9% to 92%) or in darkness (37% mean among seed lots, ranging from 4% to 78%). No germination difference was measured between treatments in light and darkness in the commercially cultivated populations, but significant differences were noted for treatments among wild populations. These results suggest that repeated cycles of sowing seeds during cultivation without treatments for dormancy release resulted in reduced seed dormancy in E. purpurea.}, number={6}, journal={HORTSCIENCE}, author={Qu, LP and Wang, XP and Chen, Y and Scalzo, R and Widrlechner, MP and Davis, JM and Hancock, JF}, year={2005}, month={Oct}, pages={1843–1845} }
 @article{fuentes_chen_davis_lackmann_2005, title={Modeling and predicting complex space-time structures and patterns of coastal wind fields}, volume={16}, ISSN={["1099-095X"]}, DOI={10.1002/env.714}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={5}, journal={ENVIRONMETRICS}, author={Fuentes, M and Chen, L and Davis, JM and Lackmann, GM}, year={2005}, month={Aug}, pages={449–464} }
 @article{qu_chen_wang_scalzo_davis_2005, title={Patterns of variation in alkamides and cichoric acid in roots and aboveground parts of Echinacea purpurea (L.) moench}, volume={40}, ISSN={["2327-9834"]}, DOI={10.21273/hortsci.40.5.1239}, abstractNote={We investigated patterns of variation in alkamides and cichoric acid accumulation in the roots and aboveground parts of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench. These phytochemicals were extracted from fresh plant parts with 60% ethanol and quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Concentrations of alkamides and cichoric acid were measured on a dry-weight basis (mg·g–1). For total alkamides, concentrations among individual plants varied from 5.02 to 27.67 (mean = 14.4%) in roots, from 0.62 to 3.42 (mean = 1.54) in nearly matured seed heads (NMSH), and 0.22 to 5.25 (mean = 0.77) in young tops (about ½ flower heads, ¼ leaves, and ¼ stems). For cichoric acid, concentrations among individual plants varied from 2.65 to 37.52 (mean = 8.95), from 2.03 to 31.58 (mean = 10.9), and from 4.79 to 38.55 (mean = 18.88) in the roots, the NMSH, and the tops, respectively. Dodeca-2E, 4E, 8Z, 10E-tetraenoic acid isobutylamide and dodeca-2E, 4E, 8Z, 10Z-tetraenoic acid isobutylamide (alkamides 8/9) accounted for only 9.5% of the total alkamides in roots, but comprised 87.9% in the NMSH, and 76.6% in the young tops. Correlations of concentrations of alkamides or cichoric acid between those of roots and those of the NMSH were not statistically significant, and either within the roots, the NMSH, and the young tops. However, a significant negative correlation was observed between the concentration of cichoric acid in the roots and in young tops, and a significant positive correlation was observed between total alkamide concentration in the roots and cichoric acid concentration in the young tops. These results may be useful in the genetic improvement of E. purpurea for medicinal use.}, number={5}, journal={HORTSCIENCE}, author={Qu, LP and Chen, Y and Wang, XP and Scalzo, R and Davis, JM}, year={2005}, month={Aug}, pages={1239–1242} }
 @article{davis_sanders_nelson_lengnick_sperry_2003, title={Boron improves growth, yield, quality, and nutrient content of tomato}, volume={128}, number={3}, journal={Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science}, author={Davis, J. M. and Sanders, D. C. and Nelson, P. V. and Lengnick, L. and Sperry, W. J.}, year={2003}, pages={441–446} }
 @article{davis_eder_nychka_yang_1998, title={Modeling the effects of meteorology on ozone in Houston using cluster analysis and generalized additive models}, volume={32}, ISSN={["1352-2310"]}, DOI={10.1016/S1352-2310(98)00008-9}, abstractNote={This paper compares the results from a single-stage clustering technique (average linkage) with those of a two-stage technique (average linkage then k-means) as part of an objective meteorological classification scheme designed to better elucidate ozone’s dependence on meteorology in the Houston, Texas, area. When applied to twelve years of meteorological data (1981–1992), each clustering technique identified seven statistically distinct meteorological regimes. The majority of these regimes exhibited significantly different daily 1 h maximum ozone (O3) concentrations, with the two-stage approach resulting in a better segregation of the mean concentrations when compared to the single-stage approach. Both approaches indicated that the largest daily 1 h maximum concentrations are associated with migrating anticyclones that occur most often during spring and summer, and not with the quasi-permanent Bermuda High that often dominates the southeastern United States during the summer. As a result, maximum ozone concentrations are just as likely during the months of April, May, September and October as they are during the summer months. Generalized additive models were then developed within each meteorological regime in order to identify those meteorological covariates most closely associated with O3 concentrations. Three surface wind covariates: speed, and the u and v components were selected nearly unanimously in those meteorological regimes dominated by anticyclones, indicating the importance of transport within these O3 conducive meteorological regimes.}, number={14-15}, journal={ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT}, author={Davis, JM and Eder, BK and Nychka, D and Yang, Q}, year={1998}, month={Aug}, pages={2505–2520} }
 @article{davis_1994, title={COMPARISON OF MULCHES FOR FRESH-MARKET BASIL PRODUCTION}, volume={29}, ISSN={["0018-5345"]}, DOI={10.21273/hortsci.29.4.267}, abstractNote={Using various mulches for small-scale, commercial basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) production was examined. Sweet basil and bush basil, on raised beds with drip irrigation, were grown on bare ground or mulched with black polyethylene, wheat straw, hardwood bark, or mixed wood chips. Bacterial soft rot (Erwinia spp.) was highest for both basils grown with wheat straw and for sweet basil grown on bare ground or with back polyethylene mulch. Both basils grown with hardwood and pine bark mulches had few soft ret symptoms. All mulches provided acceptable weed control. Yields throughout the growing season were highest with black polyethylene mulch and lowest with hardwood and pine bark mulches.}, number={4}, journal={HORTSCIENCE}, author={DAVIS, JM}, year={1994}, month={Apr}, pages={267–268} }
 @article{davis_gardner_1994, title={HARVEST MATURITY AFFECTS FRUIT YIELD, SIZE, AND GRADE OF FRESH-MARKET TOMATO CULTIVARS}, volume={29}, ISSN={["0018-5345"]}, DOI={10.21273/hortsci.29.6.613}, abstractNote={Eight staked, determinate tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cultivars were harvested when green (before breaker stage) or when pink (breaker stage and riper) in two replicated field studies. In general, total yield and average fruit size were reduced when fruit were harvested at the green stage. Harvest maturity had only a small effect on occurrence of most fruit defects, except fruit cracking, which was more severe for pink than for green fruit in the early season experiment. Although total yields for pink harvested fruit were higher than for green harvested fruit in the early season study, the high incidence of fruit crack in pink fruit resulted in similar yields of U.S. combination grade (U.S. no. 1 and U.S. no. 2) fruit for both treatments. Because the largest fruit often bring a premium price, harvesting fruit when pink probably will result in a higher price per kilogram than harvesting fruit when green. Fruit harvested green, however, are generally firmer, more crack resistant, and require fewer harvests than fruit harvested pink.}, number={6}, journal={HORTSCIENCE}, author={DAVIS, JM and GARDNER, RG}, year={1994}, month={Jun}, pages={613–615} }
 @article{davis_1994, title={LUFFA SPONGE GOURD PRODUCTION PRACTICES FOR TEMPERATE CLIMATES}, volume={29}, ISSN={["0018-5345"]}, DOI={10.21273/hortsci.29.4.263}, abstractNote={The objective of 2 years of field studies was to begin development of a luffa sponge gourd (Luffa aegyptiaca Mill.) production system for a cool, temperate climate by studying the effects of planting date, planting method, in-row spacing (30.5, 61, and 91 cm), and pruning techniques on yield and quality of luffa sponge gourds. High yields of mature gourds were obtained when transplants were field-set as soon as the danger of frost had past. Highest marketable yields were obtained when plants were spaced 30.5 cm apart in the row and the first four lateral shoots were removed. Plants spaced 91 cm apart produced gourds with the largest diameter, whereas plants with 30.5-cm in-row spacing produced the highest yields of gourds with bath sponge diameters (5.1-7.6 cm). Plants spaced 91 cm apart and topped at node six obtained high fiber density, strong fibers, and excellent visual appeal, but low yields. Yields were competitive with yields obtained in warmer climates.}, number={4}, journal={HORTSCIENCE}, author={DAVIS, JM}, year={1994}, month={Apr}, pages={263–266} }
 @article{davis_estes_1993, title={SPACING AND PRUNING AFFECT GROWTH, YIELD, AND ECONOMIC RETURNS OF STAKED FRESH-MARKET TOMATOES}, volume={118}, ISSN={["0003-1062"]}, DOI={10.21273/jashs.118.6.719}, abstractNote={Unstable prices and increased competitive market pressures have caused many staked-tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) producers to reexamine the costs and benefits of various production practices. In 1988 and 1989, field studies were conducted to determine if changes in plant in-row spacing and pruning could reduce production costs, increase yields, and improve grower net returns of staked `Mountain Pride' tomatoes. In both years, early-season yields were highest using early pruning (when lateral shoots were 5 to 10 cm long) or delayed pruning (when lateral shoots were 30 to 36 cm long) and in-row spacings ≤46 cm. In 1988, total-season yields per hectare of pruned plants increased as in-row spacing decreased. For nonpruned plants, however, total-season yields were high at all spacings. In 1989, total-season yields were lower from delayed-pruned plants than from nonpruned plants and there was little yield difference due to in-row spacing. In both years, nonpruned plants produced low yields of fruit >72 mm in diameter but their total yields were greater than those of pruned plants. Net returns per hectare, calculated from combined data of both years, were highest when 1) plants spaced closely in-row were pruned early and 2) plants were spaced 46 to 76 cm apart and either pruned early or not pruned.}, number={6}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE}, author={DAVIS, JM and ESTES, EA}, year={1993}, month={Nov}, pages={719–725} }
 @article{davis_monahan_1991, title={CLIMATOLOGY OF AIR PARCEL TRAJECTORIES RELATED TO THE ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT OF PERONOSPORA-TABACINA}, volume={75}, ISSN={["0191-2917"]}, DOI={10.1094/PD-75-0706}, abstractNote={Five years of temperature and wind data from atmospheric soundings were used in conjuction with the U.S. National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Air Resources Laboratories Atmospheric Transport and Dispersion (ATAD) model to construct an atmospheric air parcel trajectory climatology for the transport of the sporangiospores of the fungus Peronospora tabacina. With the receptor point in the North Carolina mountains, four receptor-oriented (backward-in-time) trajectories were calculated daily for April through August (...)}, number={7}, journal={PLANT DISEASE}, author={DAVIS, JM and MONAHAN, JF}, year={1991}, month={Jul}, pages={706–711} }
 @article{davis_loescher_1990, title={[14C]-ASSIMILATE TRANSLOCATION IN THE LIGHT AND DARK IN CELERY (APIUM-GRAVEOLENS) LEAVES OF DIFFERENT AGES}, volume={79}, ISSN={["0031-9317"]}, DOI={10.1034/j.1399-3054.1990.790412.x}, number={4}, journal={PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM}, author={DAVIS, JM and LOESCHER, WH}, year={1990}, month={Aug}, pages={656–662} }