@misc{wagner_de gezelle_komarnytsky_2020, title={Celtic Provenance in Traditional Herbal Medicine of Medieval Wales and Classical Antiquity}, volume={11}, ISSN={["1663-9812"]}, DOI={10.3389/fphar.2020.00105}, abstractNote={The Celtic linguistic community dominated large spans of Central and Western Europe between 800 BC and 500 AD, but knowledge of their traditional medicine is very limited. Multiple progressive plant gains in Neolithic settlements along the Danube and up the Rhine valleys suggested that taxon diversity of gathered plants peaked at the Balkans and was subsequently reduced as crop and gathered plants packages were adopted and dispersed throughout Neolithic Europe. This process coincided with the Bronze Age migration of the R1b proto-Celtic tribes, and their herbal traditions were occasionally recorded in the classic Greco-Roman texts on herbal medicines. The provenance of Celtic (Gallic) healing methods and magical formulas as recorded by Pliny, Scribonius Largus, and Marcellus Empiricus can still be found in the first part of the medieval Welsh (Cymry) herbal manuscript Meddygon Myddfai (recipes 1–188). Although the majority of Myddfai I recipes were based on the Mediterranean herbal tradition of Dioscorides and Macer Floridus, they preserved the unique herbal preparation signatures distinct from continental and Anglo-Saxon counterparts in increased use of whey and ashes as vehicles for formulation of herbal remedies. Six plants could be hypothetically attributed to the Celtic (Welsh) herbal tradition including foxglove (Digitalis purpurea L.), corn bellflower (Legousia speculum-veneris L.), self-heal (Prunella vulgaris L.), sharp dock (Rumex conglomeratus Murray), water pimpernel (Samolus valerandi L.), and river startip (Scapania undulata L.) This review provides initial evidence for traces of Celtic framework in the Welsh herbal tradition and warrants further investigations of bioactivity and clinical applications of the described plant leads.}, journal={FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY}, author={Wagner, Charles and De Gezelle, Jillian and Komarnytsky, Slavko}, year={2020}, month={Feb} }
 @article{balick_lee_de gezelle_wolkow_cohen_sohl_raynor_trauernicht_2019, title={Traditional lifestyles, transition, and implications for healthy aging: An Example from the remote island of Pohnpei, Micronesia}, volume={14}, ISSN={["1932-6203"]}, DOI={10.1371/journal.pone.0213567}, abstractNote={Lifestyle-related, non-communicable diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension, and obesity have become critical concerns in the Pacific islands of Micronesia. We investigated the relationship between the diminution of traditional lifestyle practices and the decline in the health of the population in the State of Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia. To assess this, our interdisciplinary team developed two scales, one to rank individuals on how traditional their lifestyles were and one to rank individuals on the healthiness of their lifestyles. Participants’ locations were categorized as living on a remote atoll, living on the main island, or as a transitional population. Pohnpeians living in transitional communities (e.g. recently moved from a remote atoll to the main island, or the reverse) ranked lowest on both the tradition and health scales, rather than ranking intermediate between the remote and main island groups as we had hypothesized. As predicted, individuals residing on the remote atolls were living the most traditional lifestyles and also had the healthiest lifestyles, based on our rating system. The higher an individual scored on the tradition scale, e.g. the more traditional life they lived, the higher they scored on the health scale, suggesting the importance of traditional lifestyle practices for maintaining health. These findings have significant implications for promoting health and longevity of Micronesians and other Pacific Island peoples. We suggest the process of transition be recognized as a significant lifestyle and health risk and be given the attention we give to other risk factors that negatively influence our health. Based on our findings, we discuss and recommend the revitalization of particular traditional lifestyle practices, which may advance healthy aging among Pohnpeians.}, number={3}, journal={PLOS ONE}, author={Balick, Michael J. and Lee, Roberta A. and De Gezelle, Jillian M. and Wolkow, Robert and Cohen, Guy and Sohl, Francisca and Raynor, Bill and Trauernicht, Clay}, year={2019}, month={Mar} }
 @inbook{locklear_mahady_michel_de gezelle_calderon_mcleroy_doyle_carcache de blanco_nuñez martinez_perez_2018, title={The Role of Medicinal Plants in Maternal Health and Wellbeing of Women in Central America}, booktitle={Maternal Health, Pregnancy-Related Morbidity and Death Among Indigenous Women of Mexico and Central America: An Anthropological, Epidemiological and Biomedical Approach}, publisher={Springer}, author={Locklear, T. D. and Mahady, G.B. and Michel, J. and De Gezelle, J. and Calderon, A.I. and McLeroy, J.A. and Doyle, B.J. and Carcache de Blanco, E.J. and Nuñez Martinez, K. and Perez, A.}, editor={Schwartz, DavidEditor}, year={2018} }
 @article{wagner_de gezelle_robertson_robertson_wilson_komarnytsky_2017, title={Antibacterial activity of medicinal plants from The Physicians of Myddvai, a 14th century Welsh medical manuscript}, volume={203}, ISSN={["1872-7573"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.jep.2017.03.039}, abstractNote={Antimicrobial drug resistance is a growing threat to global public health. Historical records and herbal texts relating to traditional Celtic medicine indicate an extensive pharmacopeia of plants for treating infections likely caused by microbes. However, a major barrier for successful integration of these remedies into mainstream practice is the current lack of accurate interpretation and scientific validation. We investigated the flora of the Isle of Arran, Scotland, via in situ targeted screening of 83 out of 138 plants identified in Meddygion Myddvai (a 14th century Welsh manuscript) to treat conditions related to microbial infections, and an additional 18 plants from modern ethnobotanical knowledge on the island (Scottish School of Herbal Medicine). In a follow-up proof-of-concept study, bioassay-guided fractionation was performed to identify bioactive constituents from two high scoring hits that inhibited Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) and Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) bacterial growth. 67 historical plants (80.7%) and 14 modern plants (77.8%) were found to have detectable levels of antimicrobial activity when tested using Mobile Discovery kits, with human saliva as a source of bacteria for screening. Sabinene, a natural bicyclic monoterpene from juniper “berries” (Juniperus communis L.) and alliin, a natural sulfoxide from garlic cloves (Allium sativum L.), were isolated and confirmed as primary antibacterial leads. Using historical medical sources such as those associated with traditional Celtic medicine to guide rigorous, evidence-based scientific investigation, provides additional leads for new and alternative bioactive molecules for combating bacterial diseases.}, journal={JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Wagner, Charles Stephen and De Gezelle, Jillian and Robertson, Maureen and Robertson, Keith and Wilson, Mickey and Komarnytsky, Slavko}, year={2017}, month={May}, pages={171–181} }
 @book{balick_arvigo_2014, place={New York}, title={Messages from the Gods: A Guide to the Useful Plants of Belize}, publisher={Oxford University Press/The New York Botanical Garden}, author={Balick, M.J. and Arvigo, R.}, editor={De Gezelle, J.M.Editor}, year={2014} }
 @book{de gezelle_2014, title={Q’eqchi’ Maya Reproductive Ethnomedicine}, ISBN={9783319107431 9783319107448}, ISSN={2192-1229 2192-1210}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10744-8}, DOI={10.1007/978-3-319-10744-8}, journal={SpringerBriefs in Plant Science}, publisher={Springer International Publishing}, author={De Gezelle, Jillian}, year={2014} }
 @article{balick_de gezelle_arvigo_2008, title={Feeling the Pulse in Maya Medicine: An Endangered Traditional Tool for Diagnosis, Therapy, and Tracking Patients’ Progress}, volume={4}, ISSN={1550-8307}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.explore.2007.12.002}, DOI={10.1016/j.explore.2007.12.002}, abstractNote={Throughout history, diagnostic tools utilizing the human senses, such as pulse diagnosis, have developed all over the world. In many areas where medical technology is limited or absent, they persist, whereas in other areas these skills are in danger of extinction. The practice of pulse diagnosis by the accomplished Maya healer, Don Elijio Panti, who lived in Belize, Central America, was observed over the final decade of his life and work. Don Elijio used pulse palpation as a diagnostic tool, therapeutic tool, and as a means for tracking patients' progress. He could diagnose a wide array of both physical and spiritual afflictions and was observed diagnosing 42 different conditions or states throughout this period by feeling the pulse. He recognized at least 28 distinct pulse types. Herein, the authors report the detailed system of an endangered diagnostic tradition as practiced by the late, acclaimed Maya healer, including pulse-type descriptions and corresponding diagnoses. Pulse diagnosis is still practiced today among some of Belize's diminishing population of traditional healers, although no practice appears to be as developed as that of the previous generation of Maya healers. Furthermore, it is unlikely that there are new practitioners of pulse diagnosis in the Maya community to maintain and build on the disappearing tradition. Given the unfortunate paucity of data on Maya pulse diagnosis, the practice of pulse diagnosis in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is used as an illustrative framework for documenting Don Elijio's practice. Corresponding diagnoses from TCM and Don Elijio's system are compared, elucidating similarities between the two disparate medical systems.}, number={2}, journal={EXPLORE}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Balick, Michael J. and De Gezelle, Jillian M. and Arvigo, Rosita}, year={2008}, month={Mar}, pages={113–119} }