@article{heiling_irwin_morris_2023, title={Conflicting constraints on male mating success shape reward size in pollen‐rewarding plants}, volume={110}, ISSN={0002-9122 1537-2197}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.16158}, DOI={10.1002/ajb2.16158}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={6}, journal={American Journal of Botany}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Heiling, Jacob M. and Irwin, Rebecca E. and Morris, William F.}, year={2023}, month={Apr} }
 @article{heiling_bronstein_irwin_2021, title={Nectar addition changes pollinator behavior but not plant reproduction in pollen‐rewarding <i>Lupinus argenteus}, volume={108}, ISSN={0002-9122 1537-2197}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.1613}, DOI={10.1002/ajb2.1613}, abstractNote={PREMISEIn addition to its role as the male gamete, pollen is often used as a food reward for pollinators. Roughly 20,000 species of angiosperms are strictly pollen‐rewarding, providing no other rewards to their pollinators. However, the influence of this strategy on pollinator behavior and plant reproduction is poorly understood, especially relative to the nectar‐reward strategy. We performed a field experiment using the strictly pollen‐rewarding Lupinus argenteus to explore how the absence of nectar influences pollinator behavior and plant reproduction.}, number={3}, journal={American Journal of Botany}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Heiling, Jacob M. and Bronstein, Judith L. and Irwin, Rebecca E.}, year={2021}, month={Feb}, pages={402–410} }
 @article{heiling_cook_lee_irwin_2019, title={Pollen and vegetative secondary chemistry of three pollen‐rewarding lupines}, volume={106}, ISSN={0002-9122 1537-2197}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.1283}, DOI={10.1002/ajb2.1283}, abstractNote={PremiseOptimal defense theory predicts that selection should drive plants to disproportionally allocate resources for herbivore defense to tissues with high fitness values. Because pollen's primary role is the transport of gametes, plants may be expected to defend it from herbivory. However, for many animal‐pollinated plants, pollen serves a secondary role as a pollinator reward. These dual roles may present a conflict between selection to defend pollen from herbivores and selection to reward pollinators. Here, we investigate whether pollen secondary chemistry in three pollen‐rewardingLupinusspecies better reflects the need to defend pollen or reward pollinators.}, number={5}, journal={American Journal of Botany}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Heiling, Jacob M. and Cook, Daniel and Lee, Stephen T. and Irwin, Rebecca E.}, year={2019}, month={May}, pages={643–655} }
 @article{blonder_kapas_dalton_graae_heiling_opedal_2018, title={Microenvironment and functional-trait context dependence predict alpine plant community dynamics}, volume={106}, ISSN={["1365-2745"]}, DOI={10.1111/1365-2745.12973}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY}, author={Blonder, Benjamin and Kapas, Rozalia E. and Dalton, Rebecca M. and Graae, Bente J. and Heiling, Jacob M. and Opedal, Oystein H.}, year={2018}, month={Jul}, pages={1323–1337} }
 @article{heiling_ledbetter_richman_ellison_bronstein_irwin_2018, title={Why are some plant–nectar robber interactions commensalisms?}, volume={127}, ISSN={0030-1299 1600-0706}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/oik.05440}, DOI={10.1111/oik.05440}, abstractNote={Many plants that bear hidden or recessed floral nectar experience nectar robbing, the removal of nectar by a floral visitor through holes pierced in the corolla. Although robbing can reduce plant reproductive success, many studies fail to find such effects. We outline three mechanistic hypotheses that can explain when interactions between plants and nectar‐robbers should be commensal rather than antagonistic: the non‐discrimination (pollinators do not avoid robbed flowers), visitor prevalence (robber visitation is rare relative to pollinator visitation), and pollen saturation (stigmas receive sufficient pollen to fertilize all ovules with one or very few pollinator visits) hypotheses. We then explore these mechanisms in the North American subalpine, bumble bee‐pollinated and nectar‐robbed plant Corydalis caseana (Fumariaceae). We first confirmed that the effects of nectar robbing on female reproductive success were neutral in C. caseana. We then tested the three mechanisms underlying these neutral effects using a combination of observational studies and experiments. We found evidence for all three mechanisms. First, consistent with the non‐discrimination hypothesis, pollinators failed to discriminate against experimentally robbed flowers or inflorescences even though naturally robbed flowers offered significantly lower nectar rewards than unrobbed flowers. Second, C. caseana was more commonly visited by pollinators than by nectar robbers, in accordance with the visitor prevalence hypothesis. Third, stigmas of unvisited flowers as well as those visited once by pollinators were saturated with pollen, with all stigmas bearing pollen loads several orders of magnitude higher than the number of ovules per fruit, consistent with the pollen saturation hypothesis. Our investigation of the mechanisms driving the commensal outcome of nectar robbing in this system deepens our understanding of the ecology of nectar robbing and contributes to a more general understanding of the variation in the outcomes of interactions between species.}, number={11}, journal={Oikos}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Heiling, Jacob M. and Ledbetter, Trevor A. and Richman, Sarah K. and Ellison, Heather K. and Bronstein, Judith L. and Irwin, Rebecca E.}, year={2018}, month={Jul}, pages={1679–1689} }
 @article{heiling_gilbert_2016, title={Cyanide two-step: Fruits lead and seeds follow in the chemical phenology of a subtropical cherry}, volume={61}, DOI={10.1894/0038-4909-61.1.57}, abstractNote={We described the chemical transition that takes place in the fruits and seeds of laurel cherry (Prunus caroliniana), an evergreen tree native to the subtropical United States with bird-dispersed seeds. The unripe fruits contain cyanide and release it when the fruit tissue is damaged, whereas ripe fruits are cyanide free. The reverse was true for seeds: immature seeds were free of cyanide whereas mature seeds were cyanogenic. We also described the reproductive phenology of laurel cherry and suggest that the chemical trait we described protects the fruits during their unusually long maturation period. RESUMEN—Describimos la transición quı́mica que ocurre en los frutos y las semillas de laurel cherry (Prunus caroliniana), un árbol perennifolio nativo de los Estados Unidos subtropical cuyas semillas son dispersas por aves. Los frutos inmaduros contienen cianuro y lo liberan cuando el tejido del fruto está dañado. El fruto maduro no contiene cianuro. Para las semillas es al revés: las semillas inmaduras no FIG. 1—Audubon’s original handwritten ‘‘Towe Buntings’’ which Corning (1929) transcribed as ‘‘Iowa Buntings.’’ From the collections of the Ernst Mayr Library, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University. March 2016 Notes 57}, number={1}, journal={Southwestern Naturalist}, author={Heiling, J. M. and Gilbert, L. E.}, year={2016}, pages={57–60} }