@article{king_wilson_hostnik_bapodra_junge_niehaus_durgam_schreeg_2024, title={Chronic osteoarthritis caused by <i>Propionibacterium australiense</i> infection in a captive sand gazelle}, ISSN={["1943-4936"]}, DOI={10.1177/10406387241263329}, abstractNote={Osteoarthritis is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in geriatric gazelles. Propionibacterium australiense has been reported as a cause of systemic granulomas in cattle, but there are no descriptions of this bacteria infecting other species nor causing osteoarthritis, to our knowledge. An 8-y-old, castrated male, sand gazelle ( Gazella leptoceros leptoceros) was managed for chronic, intermittent, progressive osteoarthritis of the right tarsus. Serial biopsies revealed pyogranulomatous dermatitis with intralesional bacteria. Serial diagnostic imaging identified osseous and soft tissue proliferation with draining tracts. Treatments over 1 y included broad-spectrum antibiotics, anti-inflammatories, joint debridement, and infusion with platelet-rich plasma and stem cells. Despite therapy, lameness persisted, azotemia developed, and subsequently, the animal was euthanized. On postmortem examination, the periarticular tissue of the right tarsus was markedly expanded by pyogranulomas and fibrosis. Histologically, the synovium, joint capsule, and overlying soft tissues were markedly expanded by pyogranulomas and numerous gram-positive and acid-fast–negative filamentous bacteria surrounded by Splendore–Hoeppli material. Within the joint, there was regionally extensive cartilage ulceration, osteonecrosis, osteolysis, and pannus formation. PCR assay of affected formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue amplified segments of 16S rRNA and β subunit of bacterial RNA polymerase ( rpoB) genes with 99.7% and 95.6% identity to P. australiense. This bacterium should be considered a differential for chronic pyogranulomatous osteoarthritis in gazelles.}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION}, author={King, Emily M. and Wilson, James M. and Hostnik, Eric T. and Bapodra, Priya and Junge, Randall E. and Niehaus, Andrew J. and Durgam, Sushmitha S. and Schreeg, Megan E.}, year={2024}, month={Aug} }
 @article{cerreta_yang_ramsay_birkenheuer_rahoi_qurollo_wilson_cushing_2022, title={DETECTION OF VECTOR-BORNE INFECTIONS IN LIONS AND TIGERS AT TWO ZOOS IN TENNESSEE AND OKLAHOMA, USA}, volume={53}, ISSN={["1937-2825"]}, DOI={10.1638/2020-0199}, abstractNote={Abstract: Protozoal and bacterial vector-borne infections are frequently diagnosed in domestic felids. However, with the exception of Mycoplasma haemofelis and Cytauxzoon felis, their occurrence in managed nondomestic felids housed in the United States is largely unknown. Following a case in February 2020 of fulminant cytauxzoonosis in an African lion (Panthera leo), EDTA–whole blood samples were collected opportunistically from February 2020 through June 2020 from 34 adult tigers (Panthera tigris) and eight adult African lions from the same sanctuary in eastern Tennessee as well as 14 adult tigers from a zoo in southern Oklahoma. Samples were analyzed for Cytauxzoon felis, Bartonella spp., hemotropic Mycoplasma, Rickettsia spp., Anaplasma spp., Ehrlichia spp., Babesia spp., and Hepatozoon spp. DNA by PCR amplification. All animals were asymptomatic at the time of collection. None of the Oklahoma animals were positive for vector-borne organisms, but these pathogens were detected in tigers at the Tennessee facility, including Cytauxzoon felis (11.8%), “Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum” (5.9%), and Ehrlichia ewingii (2.9%). During the study period, two animals developed clinical signs of cytauxzoonosis and were assessed for vector-borne infections as part of their diagnostic evaluation. This study documents the presence of tick-borne diseases in managed nondomestic felids in the southeastern United States and underscores that ectoparasite control measures should be practiced to minimize exposure of carnivores in managed care.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE}, author={Cerreta, Anthony J. and Yang, Tzushan S. and Ramsay, Edward C. and Birkenheuer, Adam J. and Rahoi, Dane and Qurollo, Barbara and Wilson, James and Cushing, Andrew C.}, year={2022}, month={Mar}, pages={50–59} }
 @article{juhasz_wilson_haney_clark_davenport_breitschwerdt_qurollo_2022, title={Rickettsia typhi infection in a clinically-ill dog from Houston, Texas}, volume={35}, ISSN={["2405-9390"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.vprsr.2022.100781}, abstractNote={In 2020, Rickettsia typhi was diagnosed in a dog from Houston, Texas, USA based upon R. typhi IFA seroreactivity in both acute and convalescent sera, and PCR with DNA sequencing of 4 different gene regions, all of which were 100% identical to R. typhi. The dog was clinically ill with intermittent fever, lethargy, inappetence, and lymphadenopathy. Clinicopathological abnormalities included a mild nonregenerative anemia, neutrophilia, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, hypoalbuminemia, and elevated ALP. The dog rapidly recovered with doxycycline administration.}, journal={VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY- REGIONAL STUDIES AND REPORTS}, author={Juhasz, Nicholas B. and Wilson, James M. and Haney, Kaitlin N. and Clark, Melissa H. and Davenport, Amy C. and Breitschwerdt, Edward B. and Qurollo, Barbara A.}, year={2022}, month={Oct} }
 @article{gin_lashnits_wilson_breitschwerdt_qurollo_2021, title={Demographics and travel history of imported and autochthonous cases of leishmaniosis in dogs in the United States and Canada, 2006 to 2019}, volume={35}, ISSN={["1939-1676"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.16071}, DOI={10.1111/jvim.16071}, abstractNote={AbstractBackgroundLeishmania infantum infections are reported in foxhounds throughout the United States (US) and Canada, but only rarely in other dog breeds. A seroprevalence report from 2006 documented leishmaniosis in foxhounds (8.9%) tested in the US between 2000 and 2003. All other breeds were seronegative.ObjectiveTo reexamine demographics and travel history of L. infantum‐infected dogs in the US and Canada, we hypothesize detection of L. infantum in more foxhounds than nonfoxhounds and that infected nonfoxhounds will have traveled to endemic regions.AnimalsA total of 125 dogs positive for L. infantum by immunofluorescent antibody, PCR, or both.MethodsRetrospective, descriptive study of L. infantum‐infected dogs between 4 January 2006 and 22 May 2019. Travel history and known lineage to foxhounds was collected from questionnaires.ResultsLeishmania infantum was detected in 125 (6.4%) of 1961 dogs tested between 4 January 2006 and 22 May 2019, of which 10 (8%) were foxhounds and 115 (92%) were nonfoxhound breeds. Travel history available for 69 (55%) dogs showed 60 (86.9%) dogs had traveled outside of the US or Canada. Nine (13%) dogs had not traveled outside of the US or Canada, 5 of which were nonfoxhounds.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe majority of L. infantum cases were detected in nonfoxhounds, many of which had traveled to L. infantum‐endemic countries, and several nonfoxhound breeds had no travel history. Leishmania surveillance should be considered for dogs that return from L. infantum‐endemic regions to monitor emergence of this zoonotic disease in the US and Canada.}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Gin, Taylor Estes and Lashnits, Erin and Wilson, James M. and Breitschwerdt, Edward B. and Qurollo, Barbara}, year={2021}, month={Mar}, pages={954–964} }
 @article{wilson_breitschwerdt_juhasz_marr_galvao_pratt_qurollo_2020, title={Novel Rickettsia Species Infecting Dogs, United States}, volume={26}, ISSN={["1080-6059"]}, DOI={10.3201/eid2612.200272}, abstractNote={In 2018 and 2019, spotted fever was suspected in 3 dogs in 3 US states. The dogs had fever and hematological abnormalities; blood samples were Rickettsia seroreactive. Identical Rickettsia DNA sequences were amplified from the samples. Multilocus phylogenetic analysis showed the dogs were infected with a novel Rickettsia species related to human Rickettsia pathogens.}, number={12}, journal={EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES}, author={Wilson, James M. and Breitschwerdt, Edward B. and Juhasz, Nicholas B. and Marr, Henry S. and Galvao, Joao Felipe de Brito and Pratt, Carmela L. and Qurollo, Barbara A.}, year={2020}, month={Dec}, pages={3011–3015} }
 @article{neupane_sevala_balakrishnan_marr_wilson_maggi_birkenheuer_lappin_chomel_breitschwerdt_2020, title={Validation of Bartonella henselae Western Immunoblotting for Serodiagnosis of Bartonelloses in Dogs}, volume={58}, ISSN={["1098-660X"]}, DOI={10.1128/JCM.01335-19}, abstractNote={
            Bartonella
            spp. are etiological agents of life-threatening zoonotic diseases in dogs worldwide. Due to the poor sensitivity of immunofluorescent-antibody assays (IFAs), a reliable serodiagnostic test for canine bartonelloses is of clinical importance. The utility of Western blotting (WB) for the serodiagnosis of canine bartonelloses has not been critically investigated. The objective of this study was to characterize WB immunodominant proteins that could be used to confirm a serodiagnosis of bartonelloses.
          }, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY}, author={Neupane, Pradeep and Sevala, Sindhura and Balakrishnan, Nandhakumar and Marr, Henry and Wilson, James and Maggi, Ricardo and Birkenheuer, Adam and Lappin, Michael and Chomel, Bruno and Breitschwerdt, Edward B.}, year={2020}, month={Apr} }
 @article{birkenheuer_marr_wilson_breitschwerdt_qurollo_2018, title={Babesia gibsoni
 cytochrome b mutations in canine blood samples submitted to a US veterinary diagnostic laboratory}, volume={32}, ISSN={0891-6640}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jvim.15300}, DOI={10.1111/jvim.15300}, abstractNote={
Background: Babesiosis caused by Babesia gibsoni is recognized throughout the world and can be difficult to treat. Resistance to atovaquone is associated with mutations in the B. gibsoni mitochondrial genome, specifically the M128 position of cytochrome b (cytb). The prevalence of cytb mutations in North America has not been reported.
Hypothesis/Objectives: The objective of our study was to describe the prevalence of cytb M128 mutations in B. gibsoni in canine blood samples submitted to a US veterinary diagnostic laboratory. A secondary objective was to determine whether or not some dogs had wild‐type cytb in our initial samples then had M128 mutations detected in follow‐up samples.
Animals: One‐Hundred seventy‐four dogs that tested positive for the presence of B. gibsoni between 2012 and 2017.
Methods: Case series of consecutive samples submitted to a veterinary diagnostic laboratory. Partial B. gibsoni cytb genes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and screened for the presence of mutations at the M128 position.
Results: The overall prevalence of M128 mutants was 3.5% (6/173 dogs) in the initial samples. The incidence of new cytb mutants in dogs that tested positive for B. gibsoni, which then had follow‐up testing, was 12.1% (5/41).
Conclusions and Clinic Importance: Our study reaffirms that B. gibsoni infection is widespread and most commonly detected in American Staffordshire Terrier/American Pit Bull Terrier dogs (128/174, 74% of the infected dogs in our study). The prevalence of cytb mutations does not warrant pretreatment genotyping.}, number={6}, journal={Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Birkenheuer, Adam J. and Marr, Henry S. and Wilson, James M. and Breitschwerdt, Edward B. and Qurollo, Barbara A.}, year={2018}, month={Oct}, pages={1965–1969} }