@article{dempsey_brunet_dubljević_2023, title={Exploring and Understanding Law Enforcement’s Relationship with Technology: A Qualitative Interview Study of Police Officers in North Carolina}, volume={13}, ISSN={2076-3417}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13063887}, DOI={10.3390/app13063887}, abstractNote={Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) technologies into law enforcement has become a concern of contemporary politics and public discourse. In this paper, we qualitatively examine the perspectives of AI technologies based on 20 semi-structured interviews of law enforcement professionals in North Carolina. We investigate how integrating AI technologies, such as predictive policing and autonomous vehicle (AV) technology, impacts the relationships between communities and police jurisdictions. The evidence suggests that police officers maintain that AI plays a limited role in policing but believe the technologies will continue to expand, improving public safety and increasing policing capability. Conversely, police officers believe that AI will not necessarily increase trust between police and the community, citing ethical concerns and the potential to infringe on civil rights. It is thus argued that the trends toward integrating AI technologies into law enforcement are not without risk. Policymaking guided by public consensus and collaborative discussion with law enforcement professionals must aim to promote accountability through the application of responsible design of AI in policing with an end state of providing societal benefits and mitigating harm to the populace. Society has a moral obligation to mitigate the detrimental consequences of fully integrating AI technologies into law enforcement.}, number={6}, journal={Applied Sciences}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Dempsey, Ronald P. and Brunet, James R. and Dubljević, Veljko}, year={2023}, month={Mar}, pages={3887} }
 @inbook{brunet_2021, place={Washington, DC}, edition={4th}, title={Police Services}, ISBN={9780873264396}, booktitle={Managing local government services : the challenge of change}, publisher={ICMA Press}, author={Brunet, James R.}, editor={Stenberg, Carl W., III and Nelson, Kimberly L.Editors}, year={2021} }
 @article{svara_brunet_2020, title={The Importance of Social Equity to Prevent a Hollow Public Administration}, volume={50}, ISSN={0275-0740 1552-3357}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0275074020910509}, DOI={10.1177/0275074020910509}, abstractNote={In their contribution to this journal, Robert F. Durant and David H. Rosenbloom (2017) seek to identify factors that have contributed to shortcomings in linking public administration research and theory to practice. In their view, the field faces a “theory–practice conundrum” (p. 719). They raise a wide range of issues that could be explored further, but we think it is imperative to address one of the arguments in this commentary—that the emphasis on social equity has weakened public administration and should be removed as a central defining value of the field. They “critique the logic and empirical basis of two major pillars of public administration”—efficiency (a topic for another discussion) and social equity (p. 719). They view these normative values as “weak and decontextualized” (p. 720). Some of our work on social equity is highlighted in the discussion and repeats a debate that occurred 15 years ago (Rosenbloom, 2005; Svara & Brunet, 2004, 2005). Some of the key points in the earlier exchange are repeated here, but there have also been advances in research and practice related to social equity that Durant and Rosenbloom ignore. They criticize the weak definition of social equity—it is “still lacking a standard definition” and view it as “almost purely normative—it is an ‘ought’ rather than an ‘is’” (p. 723). The weak definition along with other factors they discuss contribute to “theories” developed by scholars that “lack empirical validity for scholarship and face validity— and thus relevance—for practitioners” (p. 720). It is hard to understand how they could suggest that social equity lacks empirical validity in scholarly research and relevance to practitioners. The definition of social equity is complex, but this is necessary considering the multiple ways that social inequity can be manifested and the range of actions that may be needed to promote social equity. The alleged lack of a definition is a curious criticism. The version they refer to from the Social Equity Panel of the National Academy of Public Administration [NAPA] covers the essential elements:}, number={4-5}, journal={The American Review of Public Administration}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Svara, James H. and Brunet, James R.}, year={2020}, month={Feb}, pages={352–357} }
 @book{brunet_2016, place={Detroit}, title={Woodrow Wilson. American Governance. Edited by Stephen L. Schechter. Detroit: Macmillan.}, institution={Macmillan}, author={Brunet, James R.}, editor={Schechter, Stephen L.Editor}, year={2016} }
 @article{brunet_2015, title={Goodbye Mayberry: The Curious Demise of Rural Police Departments in North Carolina}, volume={47}, ISSN={["1552-3039"]}, DOI={10.1177/0095399714540155}, abstractNote={ For some time, police departments have been disappearing from rural communities in North Carolina. This article seeks to locate the factors facilitating the disbandment of small police departments and speculate on the implications for public safety in small jurisdictions. Using structured interviews with key informants in 19 North Carolina municipalities, the final stages or “turning points” of organizational life are chronicled and analyzed. Certain events and conditions contribute significantly to the decline and death of police agencies, including political turbulence, organizational atrophy, and environmental atrophy. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are also examined. }, number={3}, journal={ADMINISTRATION & SOCIETY}, author={Brunet, James R.}, year={2015}, month={Apr}, pages={320–337} }
 @inbook{brunet_2011, place={Armonk, NY}, title={Social Equity in Criminal Justice}, booktitle={Justice for All: Promoting Social Equity in Public Administration, 165-186}, publisher={M.E. Sharpe}, author={Brunet, James R.}, editor={Johnson, Norman J. and Svara, James H.Editors}, year={2011} }
 @article{brunet_garson_2009, title={Dimensionality Analysis as a Computerized Tool for Strategic Planning in Policing and Security}, volume={27}, ISSN={["0894-4393"]}, DOI={10.1177/0894439308327201}, abstractNote={ Multidimensional scaling is a useful addition to the toolkit of the crime or security analysts, made possible by the advent of desktop computing power. Three uses of this graphical statistical tool are as follows: (a) forming policy initiatives and making resource allocations; (b) analyzing terrorism threats and dynamics; and (c) performing structural analysis of performance data. Dimensionality analysis is compared with more commonly encountered techniques such as factor analysis, cluster analysis, and correspondence analysis, and their relative merits discussed. Data used to illustrate dimensionality analysis are drawn from the crime statistics on US cities, terrorism incidents in Israel, and performance indicators for American police departments, but the methods presented are broadly applicable to a wide variety of policing and security issues and the same principles apply to other forms of data. }, number={2}, journal={SOCIAL SCIENCE COMPUTER REVIEW}, author={Brunet, James R. and Garson, G. David}, year={2009}, month={May}, pages={228–242} }
 @book{boba_brunet_lamm weisel_scott_sampson_2009, place={Washington, DC}, title={Institutionalizing Problem Analysis: Case Studies of Five Police Agencies}, institution={U.S. Department of Justice,  Office of Community Oriented Policing Service}, author={Boba, Rachel and Brunet, James R. and Lamm Weisel, Deborah and Scott, Michael S. and Sampson, Rana}, year={2009} }
 @article{brunet_chandler_2009, title={Intersectoral Police Collaboration: An Exploratory View from the States}, volume={32}, ISSN={0190-0692 1532-4265}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01900690802434412}, DOI={10.1080/01900690802434412}, abstractNote={Abstract Modern policing in the United States is best conceived as a joint undertaking between public and private sectors. Over the last several decades there has been a gradual movement away from monopolistic state provision of police services toward a greater reliance on the private sector for protection and security. While the current activities of public and private police are well chronicled in the research literature, little is actually known about the coordination of policing activities across sectors. The purpose of this article is to describe the range of public-private police partnerships that have developed recently in the United States.}, number={2}, journal={International Journal of Public Administration}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Brunet, James R. and Chandler, William C.}, year={2009}, month={Jan}, pages={79–96} }
 @article{brunet_2008, title={Blurring the line between public and private sectors: The case of police officers' off-duty employment}, volume={37}, ISSN={["0091-0260"]}, DOI={10.1177/009102600803700202}, abstractNote={ While much recent attention has been given to the outsourcing of government services, little is known about the opposite situation in which private organizations retain the services of public workers. Such is the case when off-duty municipal police officers work for private concerns. Police officers have specialized training and law enforcement authority, two commodities in high demand in the private labor market. This analysis seeks to answer three questions about this largely unexplored personnel practice: (1) How much off-duty work is being undertaken? (2) How do departments administer the practice? and (3) What issues and/or conflicts emerge from this blending of public and private spheres. Data were collected through interviews with representatives from the 18 largest police departments in North Carolina and through a review of off-duty policies. The article concludes with suggestions for maximizing the public benefits that accrue when police officers work for private entities. }, number={2}, journal={PUBLIC PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT}, author={Brunet, James R.}, year={2008}, pages={161–174} }
 @article{brunet_2007, place={Raleigh, NC}, title={Police History has Plenty of Military Fingerprints}, journal={News & Observer}, author={Brunet, James R.}, year={2007}, month={Jan}, pages={21} }
 @article{coe_brunet_2006, title={Organizational report cards: Significant impact or much ado about nothing?}, volume={66}, ISSN={["0033-3352"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1540-6210.2006.00558.x}, abstractNote={Despite a recent spate of organizational report cards, relatively little is known about their impact on consumers ’ choices or public policy. Th is study identifi es 32 report cards that compare government performance across states in a variety of policy domains. Th ese report cards fall into four categories according to their issuer: governments, commercial enterprises, academics, and advocacy groups. Government-generated report cards are directed at improving consumer choice and enhancing service quality. Commercial enterprises seek to increase profi ts and readership. Academics generally take a value-neutral approach, looking to stimulate public policy debate. Public interest groups, think tanks, and foundations indirectly measure public policy impact by the amount of media attention generated.}, number={1}, journal={PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION REVIEW}, author={Coe, CK and Brunet, JR}, year={2006}, pages={90–100} }
 @book{brunet_2005, title={Drug testing in law enforcement agencies: Social control in the public sector}, ISBN={1593320671}, publisher={New York: LFB Scholarly Pub. LLC}, author={Brunet, J. R.}, year={2005} }
 @article{svara_brunet_2005, title={Social Equity Is a Pillar of Public Administration}, volume={11}, ISSN={1523-6803 2328-9643}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15236803.2005.12001398}, DOI={10.1080/15236803.2005.12001398}, abstractNote={Abstract In this article, the authors respond to points raised by David Rosenbloom regarding our 2004 J-PAE article “Filling in the Skeletal Pillar: Addressing Social Equity in Introductory Courses in Public Administration.” We conclude with an operational definition of social equity for public administrators.}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Public Affairs Education}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Svara, James H. and Brunet, James R.}, year={2005}, month={Jul}, pages={253–258} }
 @article{svara_brunet_2004, title={Filling in the Skeletal Pillar: Addressing Social Equity in Introductory Courses in Public Administration}, volume={10}, ISSN={1523-6803 2328-9643}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15236803.2004.12001351}, DOI={10.1080/15236803.2004.12001351}, abstractNote={Abstract In this article, the authors investigate the coverage of social equity in introductory public administration textbooks. A framework for understanding and measuring social equity is first presented, followed by a detailed review of textbook content. Finding mixed attention to the issue, an “equity-across-the-survey-course” is suggested. The article concludes with specific recommendations for including social equity as a theme running throughout the course.}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Public Affairs Education}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Svara, James H. and Brunet, James R.}, year={2004}, month={Apr}, pages={99–109} }
 @inbook{weinstein_brunet_vann_2003, place={Kingston, NJ}, title={Cases in Point --Benefits of Parental Involvement}, booktitle={Effective Program Practices for At-Risk Youth: A Continuum of Community-Based Programs}, publisher={Civic Research Institute}, author={Weinstein, Meredith B. and Brunet, James R. and Vann, Irvin B.}, year={2003} }
 @inbook{brunet_vasu_weinstein_klopovic_2003, place={Kingston, NJ}, title={Considerations for Developing Juvenile Day Treatment Programs}, booktitle={Effective Program Practices for At-Risk Youth: A Continuum of Community-Based Programs}, publisher={Civic Research Institute}, author={Brunet, James R. and Vasu, Michael L. and Weinstein, Meredith B. and Klopovic, James}, year={2003} }
 @inbook{weinstein_brunet_vann_2003, place={Kingston, NJ}, title={Effective Program Practices for Involving Parents of Elementary School Students}, booktitle={Effective Program Practices for At-Risk Youth: A Continuum of Community-Based Programs}, publisher={Civic Research Institute}, author={Weinstein, Meredith B. and Brunet, James R. and Vann, Irvin B.}, year={2003} }
 @inbook{svara_brunet_2003, place={Amsterdam, The Netherlands}, title={Finding and Refining Complementarity in Recent Conceptual Models of Politics and Administration}, booktitle={Retracing Public Administration}, publisher={JAI Press}, author={Svara, James H. and Brunet, James R.}, year={2003}, pages={185–208,} }
 @article{vasu_taylor_brunet_2003, title={Long-range planning, operations research, and politics: The case of the commission for the future of justice and the courts in North Carolina}, volume={35}, DOI={10.1177/0160323x0303500206}, abstractNote={THIS ARTICLE presents an overview of the use of operations research to assist in the long-range planning process of the Commission for the Future of Justice and the Courts in North Carolina. Specifically, it outlines the ways in which nonlinear programming was used to provide computer-generated boundary optimization solutions for judicial districts. These solutions then served as policy alternatives as commission representatives discussed recommendations about court reform in North Carolina. The process described in this article was one project in a comprehensive court reform process conducted by the commission. As the number and complexity of criminal and civil cases in North Carolina increased in the past two decades, the emerging political consensus was that some form of court reform was necessary. A broad-based, 24-person, blue ribbon commission headed by a prominent banker was created and given a general mandate to engage in long-range planning for the courts. Similar to initiatives in other states, the North Carolina Futures Commission addressed a number of specific issues including administrative efficiency, case processing, the operation and structure of the courts, alternative dispute resolution, the use of computer technology by the courts, and access to Long-Range Planning, Operations Research, and Politics: The Case of the Commission for the Future of Justice and the Courts in North Carolina}, number={2}, journal={State and Local Government Review}, author={Vasu, M. L. and Taylor, R. G. and Brunet, James}, year={2003}, pages={132–143} }
 @inbook{weinstein_brunet_vann_2003, place={Kingston, NJ}, title={Parental Involvement - A key dimension in enhancing childhood development}, booktitle={Effective Program Practices for At-Risk Youth: A Continuum of Community-Based Programs}, publisher={Civic Research Institute}, author={Weinstein, Meredith B. and Brunet, James R. and Vann, Irvin B.}, year={2003} }
 @inbook{brunet_vasu_weinstein_klopovic_2003, place={Kingston, NJ}, title={Program Implementation and Operation}, booktitle={Effective Program Practices for At-Risk Youth: A Continuum of Community-Based Programs}, publisher={Civic Research Institute}, author={Brunet, James R. and Vasu, Michael L. and Weinstein, Meredith B. and Klopovic, James}, year={2003} }
 @inbook{brunet_vasu_weinstein_klopovic_2003, place={Kingston, NJ}, title={The Formative Stages of a Day Treatment Program}, booktitle={Effective Program Practices for At-Risk Youth: A Continuum of Community-Based Programs}, publisher={Civic Research Institute}, author={Brunet, James R. and Vasu, Michael L. and Weinstein, Meredith B. and Klopovic, James}, year={2003} }
 @article{brunet_2002, title={Day reporting Centers in North Carolina: Implementation lessons for policymakers}, volume={23}, number={2}, journal={Justice System Journal}, author={Brunet, J. R.}, year={2002}, pages={135–156} }
 @article{brunet_2002, title={Discouragement of Crime Through Civil Remedies: An Application of a Reformulated Routine Activities Theory}, volume={4}, number={1}, journal={Western Criminology Review}, author={Brunet, James R.}, year={2002}, pages={68–79} }
 @article{brunet_2002, title={Employee drug testing as social control: A typology of normative justifications}, volume={22}, DOI={10.1177/0734371x0202200302}, abstractNote={ Workplace drug testing is a commonplace practice in the United States. Social control theory, the study of social responses to deviant behavior, provides a useful framework for examining the underlying rationales for employee drug testing. A historical-legal analysis of federal employee drug testing uncovers six contrasting justifications supporting such tests (performance, health, and safety; deterrence; rehabilitation; symbolic; technology; and conflict). The article presents a promising theoretical structure (typology) for studying personnel policies that emerge as the result of new technologies in the workplace. Implications for personnel administrators and first-line managers are also explored. }, number={3}, journal={Review of Public Personnel Administration}, author={Brunet, James}, year={2002}, pages={193–215} }
 @book{vasu_brunet_weinstein_klopovic_2000, place={Raleigh, NC}, title={Promising and Effective Practices in Juvenile Day Treatment}, url={https://www.ojp.gov/ncjrs/virtual-library/abstracts/promising-and-effective-practices-juvenile-day-treatment}, number={NCJ Number 214459}, journal={Governor’s Crime Commission}, institution={North Carolina Governor’s Crime Commission}, author={Vasu, Michael L., Ph.D and Brunet, James R. and Weinstein, Meredith B. and Klopovic, James}, year={2000} }
 @inbook{brunet_1998, place={Washington, DC}, title={The Use of Police Cars by Off-Duty Officers: Legitimate Use or Apparent Abuse}, booktitle={Applying Standards and Ethics in the 21st Century}, publisher={American Society for Public Administration}, author={Brunet, James R.}, year={1998} }