Jerry Spears

Spears, J. W., Lloyd, K. E., Flores, K., Krafka, K., Hyda, J., & Grimes, J. L. (2024). Chromium propionate in turkeys: effect on performance and animal safety. POULTRY SCIENCE, 103(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2023.103195

Spears, J. W., Lloyd, K. E., Krafka, K., Hyda, J., & Grimes, J. L. (2024). Chromium propionate in turkeys: effects on insulin sensitivity. POULTRY SCIENCE, 103(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2023.103215

Spears, J. W., Lloyd, K. E., Krafka, K., Hyda, J., & Grimesy, J. L. (2024). Research Note: Chromium propionate for turkeys: effect on tissue chromium concentrations and human food safety. POULTRY SCIENCE, 103(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2023.103196

Yan-mei, Z., De, A., Kai-wen, L., Spears, J. W., Hai-tao, S., Yen-ling, H., & Fa-long, Y. (2023). Dietary copper supplementation modulates performance and lipid metabolism in meat goat kids. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE AGRICULTURE, 22(1), 214–221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jia.2022.08.066

Spears, J. W. (2023). Evaluation of Trace Mineral Sources. VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA-FOOD ANIMAL PRACTICE, 39(3), 413–424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvfa.2023.05.002

Loh, H. Y., Mezzomo, R., Gomes, D. I., Tangredi, B. V., Guimaraes, O., Gifford, R. J., … Engle, T. E. (2023, November 6). The Influence of Trace Mineral Source on Rumen Trace Mineral Solubility and In-Vitro Fiber Digestion in Steers Fed a Lactating Dairy Diet. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, Vol. 101, pp. 398–399. https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skad281.473

Spears, J. W., Brandao, V. L. N., & Heldt, J. (2022). [Review of INVITED REVIEW: Assessing trace mineral status in ruminants, and factors that affect measurements of trace mineral status]. APPLIED ANIMAL SCIENCE, 38(3), 252–267. https://doi.org/10.15232/aas.2021-02232

Guimaraes, O., Wagner, J. J., Spears, J. W., Brandao, V. L. N., & Engle, T. E. (2022). Trace mineral source influences digestion, ruminal fermentation, and ruminal copper, zinc, and manganese distribution in steers fed a diet suitable for lactating dairy cows. ANIMAL, 16(4). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.animal.2022.100500

Fellner, V., Durosoy, S., Kromm, V., & Spears, J. W. (2021). Effects of supplemental zinc on ruminal fermentation in continuous cultures. Applied Animal Science, 37(1), 27–32. https://doi.org/10.15232/aas.2020-02104

Guimaraes, O., Jalali, S., Wagner, J. J., Spears, J. W., & Engle, T. E. (2021). Trace mineral source impacts rumen trace mineral metabolism and fiber digestion in steers fed a medium-quality grass hay diet. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, 99(9). https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab220

Spears, J. W., Siciliano, P., Pratt-Phillips, S., Lloyd, K., Goertzen, E., Krafka, K., … Rounds, W. (2020, November). Chromium propionate improves insulin sensitivity in horses following oral concentrate consumption. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, Vol. 98, pp. 88–88. https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa278.160

Spears, J. W., Lloyd, K. E., Siciliano, P., Pratt-Phillips, S., Goertzen, E. W., McLeod, S. J., … Rounds, W. (2020). Chromium propionate increases insulin sensitivity in horses following oral and intravenous carbohydrate administration. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, 98(4). https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa095

Jalali, S., Lippolis, K. D., Ahola, J. K., Wagner, J. J., Spears, J. W., Couch, D., & Engle, T. E. (2020). Influence of supplemental copper, manganese, and zinc source on reproduction, mineral status, and performance in a grazing beef cow-calf herd over a 2-year period. APPLIED ANIMAL SCIENCE, 36(5), 745–753. https://doi.org/10.15232/aas.2020-01982

Guimaraes, O., Wagner, J., Spears, J., & Engle, T. (2020, November). Influence of trace mineral source on digestion, ruminal volatile fatty acid and soluble mineral on steers fed a dairy type diet balanced to meet requirements for a high producing lactating dairy cow. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, Vol. 98, pp. 133–133. https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa054.231

Huang, Y. L., Luo, Q. H., Xiao, F., Lin, X., & Spears, J. W. (2020). Research Note: Responses of growth performance, immune traits, and small intestinal morphology to dietary supplementation of chromium propionate in heat-stressed broilers. Poultry Science, 99(10), 5070–5073. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2020.07.005

Spears, J. W. (2020, November). Ruminal microbiota mineral requirements to optimize performance on different diets. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, Vol. 98, pp. 139–139. https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa054.243

Guimaraes, O., Loh, H. Y., Thorndykel, M. P., Tillquistl, N. M., Spears, J. W., & Engle, T. E. (2020, November). The influence of trace mineral source on copper, manganese, and zinc binding strength to rumen digesta in cattle fed a high forage-based diet. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, Vol. 98, pp. 443–443. https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa278.772

Guimaraes, O., Loh, H. Y., Thorndyke, M. P., Tillquist, N. M., Spears, J. W., & Engle, T. E. (2020, November). The influence of trace minerals source on copper, manganese, and zinc binding strength to rumen digesta in cattle fed a corn silage-based diet. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, Vol. 98, pp. 442–442. https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa278.771

Spears, J. W. (2019). Boron, Chromium, Manganese, and Nickel in Agricultural Animal Production. BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH, 188(1), 35–44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-018-1529-1

Spears, J. W., Lloyd, K. E., Pickworth, C. A., Huang, Y. L., Krafka, K., Hyda, J., & Grimes, J. L. (2019). Chromium propionate in broilers: human food and broiler safety. Poultry Science, 98(12), 6579–6585. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pez444

Budde, A. M., Sellins, K., Lloyd, K. E., Wagner, J. J., Heldt, J. S., Spears, J. W., & Engle, T. E. (2019). Effect of zinc source and concentration and chromium supplementation on performance and carcass characteristics in feedlot steers. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, 97(3), 1286–1295. https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz016

Caldera, E., Weigel, B., Kucharczyk, V. N., Sellins, K. S., Archibeque, S. L., Wagner, J. J., … Engle, T. E. (2019). Trace mineral source influences ruminal distribution of copper and zinc and their binding strength to ruminal digesta. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, 97(4), 1852–1864. https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz072

Shaeffer, G. L., Lloyd, K. E., & Spears, J. W. (2017). Bioavailability of zinc hydroxychloride relative to zinc sulfate in growing cattle fed a corn-cottonseed hull-based diet. ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 232, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.07.013

Spears, J. W., Lloyd, K. E., & Krafka, K. (2017). Chromium concentrations in ruminant feed ingredients. JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE, 100(5), 3584–3590. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2016-12153

Brooks, M. A., Grimes, J. L., Lloyd, K. E., Krafka, K., Lamptey, A., & Spears, J. W. (2016). Chromium propionate in broilers: effect on insulin sensitivity. POULTRY SCIENCE, 95(5), 1096–1104. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pew018

Li, Y., Hansen, S. L., Borst, L. B., Spears, J. W., & Moeser, A. J. (2016). Dietary Iron Deficiency and Oversupplementation Increase Intestinal Permeability, Ion Transport, and Inflammation in Pigs. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION, 146(8), 1499–1505. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.116.231621

Xiao, F., Ao, D., Zhou, B., Spears, J. W., Lin, X., & Huang, Y. (2016). Effects of Supplemental Chromium Propionate on Serum Lipids, Carcass Traits, and Meat Quality of Heat-Stressed Broilers. Biological Trace Element Research, 176(2), 401–406. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-016-0852-7

Spears, J. W. (2016). History of chromium and its relationship to glucose metabolism. 2016 Cornell Nutrition Conference for Feed Manufacturers, 1–8.

Huang, Y. L., Ashwell, M. S., Fry, R. S., Lloyd, K. E., Flowers, W. L., & Spears, J. W. (2015, June). Effect of dietary copper amount and source on copper metabolism and oxidative stress of weanling pigs in short-term feeding. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, Vol. 93, pp. 2948–2955. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2014-8082

Brooks, M. A., Grimes, J. L., Lloyd, K. E., Verissimo, S., & Spears, J. W. (2013). Bioavailability in chicks of zinc from zinc propionate. JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH, 22(2), 153–159. https://doi.org/10.3382/japr.2012-00525

Huang, Y. L., Wang, Y., Spears, J. W., Lin, X., & Guo, C. H. (2013). Effect of copper on performance, carcass characteristics, and muscle fatty acid composition of meat goat kids. Journal of Animal Science, 91(10), 5004–5010. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2012-5820

Fry, R. S., Spears, J. W., Lloyd, K. E., O'Nan, A. T., & Ashwell, M. S. (2013). Effect of dietary copper and breed on gene products involved in copper acquisition, distribution, and use in Angus and Simmental cows and fetuses. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, 91(2), 861–871. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2011-3888

Robbins, R. C., Artuso-Ponte, V. C., Moeser, A. J., Morrow, W. E. M., Spears, J. W., & Gebreyes, W. A. (2013). Effects of quaternary benzo(c)phenanthridine alkaloids on growth performance, shedding of organisms, and gastrointestinal tract integrity in pigs inoculated with multidrug-resistant Salmonella spp. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 74(12), 1530–1535. https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.74.12.1530

Fry, R. S., Ashwell, M. S., Lloyd, K. E., O'Nan, A. T., Flowers, W. L., Stewart, K. R., & Spears, J. W. (2012). Amount and source of dietary copper affects small intestine morphology, duodenal lipid peroxidation, hepatic oxidative stress, and mRNA expression of hepatic copper regulatory proteins in weanling pigs. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, 90(9), 3112–3119. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2011-4403

Spears, J. W., Whisnant, C. S., Huntington, G. B., Lloyd, K. E., Fry, R. S., Krafka, K., … Hyda, J. (2012). Chromium propionate enhances insulin sensitivity in growing cattle. JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE, 95(4), 2037–2045. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2011-4845

Brooks, M. A., Grimes, J. L., Lloyd, K. E., Valdez, F., & Spears, J. W. (2012). Relative bioavailability in chicks of manganese from manganese propionate. JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH, 21(1), 126–130. https://doi.org/10.3382/japr.2011-00331

Fry, R. S., Brown, T. T., Jr., Lloyd, K. E., Hansen, S. L., Legleiter, L. R., Robarge, W. P., & Spears, J. W. (2011). Effect of dietary boron on physiological responses in growing steers inoculated with bovine herpesvirus type-1. RESEARCH IN VETERINARY SCIENCE, 90(1), 78–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2010.04.016

Ashwell, M. S., Fry, R. S., Spears, J. W., O'Nan, A. T., & Maltecca, C. (2011). Investigation of breed and sex effects on cytochrome P450 gene expression in cattle liver. RESEARCH IN VETERINARY SCIENCE, 90(2), 235–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2010.05.029

Spears, J. W., Lloyd, K. E., & Fry, R. S. (2011). Tolerance of cattle to increased dietary sulfur and effect of dietary cation-anion balance. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, 89(8), 2502–2509. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2010-3265

Hansen, S. L., Trakooljul, N., Spears, J. W., & Liu, H.-C. (2010). Age and Dietary Iron Affect Expression of Genes Involved in Iron Acquisition and Homeostasis in Young Pigs. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION, 140(2), 271–277. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.109.112722

Nose, Y., Wood, L. K., Kim, B.-E., Prohaska, J. R., Fry, R. S., Spears, J. W., & Thiele, D. J. (2010). Ctr1 Is an Apical Copper Transporter in Mammalian Intestinal Epithelial Cells in Vivo That Is Controlled at the Level of Protein Stability. JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY, 285(42), 32385–32392. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m110.143826

Fry, R. S., Lloyd, K. E., Jacobi, S. K., Siciliano, P. D., Robarge, W. P., & Spears, J. W. (2010). Effect of dietary boron on immune function in growing beef steers*. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND ANIMAL NUTRITION, 94(3), 273–279. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0396.2008.00906.x

Lloyd, K. E., Fellner, V., McLeod, S. J., Fry, R. S., Krafka, K., Lamptey, A., & Spears, J. W. (2010). Effects of supplementing dairy cows with chromium propionate on milk and tissue chromium concentrations. JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE, 93(10), 4774–4780. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2010-3198

Sexson, J. L., Wagner, J. J., Engle, T. E., & Spears, J. W. (2010). Effects of water quality and dietary potassium on performance and carcass characteristics of yearling steers. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, 88(1), 296–305. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2009-1899

Hansen, S. L., Ashwell, M. S., Moeser, A. J., Fry, R. S., Knutson, M. D., & Spears, J. W. (2010). High dietary iron reduces transporters involved in iron and manganese metabolism and increases intestinal permeability in calves. JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE, 93(2), 656–665. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2009-2341

Hansen, S. L., Trakooljul, N., Liu, H.-C. S., Hicks, J. A., Ashwell, M. S., & Spears, J. W. (2010). Proteins involved in iron metabolism in beef cattle are affected by copper deficiency in combination with high dietary manganese, but not by copper deficiency alone. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, 88(1), 275–283. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2009-1846

Hansen, S. L., & Spears, J. W. (2009). Bioaccessibility of iron from soil is increased by silage fermentation. JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE, 92(6), 2896–2905. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2008-1933

Hansen, S. L., Trakooljul, N., Liu, H.-C., Moeser, A. J., & Spears, J. W. (2009). Iron Transporters Are Differentially Regulated by Dietary Iron, and Modifications Are Associated with Changes in Manganese Metabolism in Young Pigs. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION, 139(8), 1474–1479. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.109.105866

Hepburn, J. J., Arthington, J. D., Hansen, S. L., Spears, J. W., & Knutson, M. D. (2009). Technical note: Copper chaperone for copper, zinc superoxide dismutase: A potential biomarker for copper status in cattle. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, 87(12), 4161–4166. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2009-1978

Hansen, S. L., Ashwell, M. S., Legleiter, L. R., Fry, R. S., Lloyd, K. E., & Spears, J. W. (2009). The addition of high manganese to a copper-deficient diet further depresses copper status and growth of cattle. BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION, 101(7), 1068–1078. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114508057589

Hansen, S. L., Schlegel, P., Legleiter, L. R., Lloyd, K. E., & Spears, J. W. (2008). Bioavailability of copper from copper glycinate in steers fed high dietary sulfur and molybdenum. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, 86(1), 173–179. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2006-814

Legleiter, L. R., Spears, J. W., & Liu, H. C. (2008). Copper deficiency in the young bovine results in dramatic decreases in brain copper concentration but does not alter brain prion protein biology. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, 86(11), 3069–3078. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2007-0403

Plumstead, P. W., Leytem, A. B., Maguire, R. O., Spears, J. W., Kwanyuen, P., & Brake, J. (2008). Interaction of calcium and phytate in broiler diets. 1. Effects on apparent prececal digestibility and retention of phosphorus. POULTRY SCIENCE, 87(3), 449–458. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2007-00231

Spears, J. W., & Weiss, W. P. (2008). Role of antioxidants and trace elements in health and immunity of transition dairy cows. Veterinary Journal, 176(1), 70–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvj1.2007.12.015

Wright, C. L., Spears, J. W., & Webb, K. E., Jr. (2008). Uptake of zinc from zinc sulfate and zinc proteinate by ovine ruminal and omasal epithelia. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, 86(6), 1357–1363. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2006-650

Legleiter, L. R., Ahola, J. K., Engle, T. E., & Spears, J. W. (2007). Decreased brain copper due to copper deficiency has no effect on bovine prion proteins. BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS, 352(4), 884–888. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.11.108

Plumstead, P. W., Romero-Sanchez, H., Paton, N. D., Spears, J. W., & Brake, J. (2007). Effects of dietary metabolizable energy and protein on early growth responses of broilers to dietary lysine. POULTRY SCIENCE, 86(12), 2639–2648. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2007-00168

Arthington, J. D., & Spears, J. W. (2007). Effects of tribasic copper chloride versus copper sulfate provided in corn- and molasses-based supplements on forage intake and copper status of beef heifers. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, 85(3), 871–876. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2006-518

Legleiter, L. R., Liu, H. C., Lloyd, K. E., Hansen, S. L., Fry, R. S., & Spears, J. W. (2007). Exposure to low dietary copper or low copper coupled with high dietary manganese for one year does not alter brain prion protein characteristics in the mature cow. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, 85(11), 2895–2903. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2007-0215

Legleiter, L. R., & Spears, J. W. (2007). Plasma diamine oxidase: A biomarker of copper deficiency in the bovine. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, 85(9), 2198–2204. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2006-841

Stahlhut, H. S., Whisnant, C. S., Lloyd, K. E., Baird, E. J., Legleiter, L. R., Hansen, S. L., & Spears, J. W. (2006). Effect of chromium supplementation and copper status on glucose and lipid metabolism in Angus and Simmental beef cows. ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 128(3-4), 253–265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2005.11.002

Stahlhut, H. S., Whisnant, C. S., & Spears, J. W. (2006). Effect of chromium supplementation and copper status on performance and reproduction of beef cows. ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 128(3-4), 266–275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2005.11.003

Huntington, G. B., Harmon, D. L., Kristensen, N. B., Hanson, K. C., & Spears, J. W. (2006). Effects of a slow-release urea source on absorption of ammonia and endogenous production of urea by cattle. ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 130(3-4), 225–241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2006.01.012

Hansen, S. L., Spears, J. W., Lloyd, K. E., & Whisnant, C. S. (2006). Feeding a low manganese diet to heifers during gestation impairs fetal growth and development. JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE, 89(11), 4305–4311. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(06)72477-8

Hansen, S. L., Spears, J. W., Lloyd, K. E., & Whisnant, C. S. (2006). Growth, reproductive performance, and manganese status of heifers fed varying concentrations of manganese. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, 84(12), 3375–3380. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2005-667

Tiffany, M. E., Fellner, V., & Spears, J. W. (2006). Influence of cobalt concentration on vitamin B-12 production and fermentation of mixed ruminal microorganisms grown in continuous culture flow-through fermentors. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, 84(3), 635–640. https://doi.org/10.2527/2006.843635x

Tiffany, M. E., & Spears, J. W. (2005). Differential responses to dietary cobalt in finishing steers fed corn-versus barley-based diets. Journal of Animal Science, 83(11), 2580–2589. https://doi.org/10.2527/2005.83112580x

Legleiter, L. R., Spears, J. W., & Lloyd, K. E. (2005). Influence of dietary manganese on performance, lipid metabolism, and carcass composition of growing and finishing steers. Journal of Animal Science, 83(10), 2434–2439. https://doi.org/10.2527/2005.83102434x

Arthington, J. D., Spears, J. W., & Miller, D. C. (2005). The effect of early weaning on feedlot performance and measures of stress in beef calves. Journal of Animal Science, 83(4), 933–939. https://doi.org/10.2527/2005.834933x

Spears, J. W., Kegley, E. B., & Mullis, L. A. (2004). Bioavailability of copper from tribasic copper chloride and copper sulfate in growing cattle. ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 116(1-2), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2004.06.002

Spears, J. W., Schlegel, P., Seal, M. C., & Lloyd, K. E. (2004). Bioavailability of zinc from zinc sulfate and different organic zinc sources and their effects on ruminal volatile fatty acid proportions. LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION SCIENCE, 90(2-3), 211–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livprodsci.2004.05.001

Armstrong, T. A., Cook, D. R., Ward, M. M., Williams, C. M., & Spears, J. W. (2004). Effect of dietary copper source (cupric citrate and,cupric sulfate) and concentration on growth performance and fecal copper excretion in weanling pigs. Journal of Animal Science, 82(4), 1234–1240. https://doi.org/10.1093/ansci/82.4.1234

Creech, B. L., Spears, J. W., Flowers, W. L., Hill, G. M., Lloyd, K. E., Armstrong, T. A., & Engle, T. E. (2004). Effect of dietary trace mineral concentration and source (inorganic vs. chelated) on performance, mineral status, and fecal mineral excretion in pigs from weaning through finishing. Journal of Animal Science, 82(7), 2140–2147. https://doi.org/10.2527/2004.8272140x

Engle, T. E., & Spears, J. W. (2004). Effect of finishing system (feedlot or pasture), high-oil maize, and copper on conjugated linoleic acid and other fatty acids in muscle of finishing steers. Animal Science (Penicuik, Scotland), 78(2), 261–269.

Wright, C. L., & Spears, J. W. (2004). Effect of zinc source and dietary level on zinc metabolism in Holstein calves. JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE, 87(4), 1085–1091. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(04)73254-3

Roberts, E. S., Heugten, E., Spears, J. W., Routh, P. A., Lloyd, K. L., & Almond, G. W. (2004). Effects of dietary zinc on performance and immune response of growing pigs inoculated with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES, 17(10), 1438–1446. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2004.1438

Van Heugten, E., O'Quinn, P. R., Funderburke, D. W., Flowers, W. L., & Spears, J. W. (2004). Growth performance, carcass characteristics, plasma minerals, and fecal mineral excretion in grower-finisher swine fed diets with levels of trace minerals lower than common industry levels. Journal of Swine Health and Production, 12(5), 237–241.

Spears, J. W. (2003). Advances in mineral nutrition for ruminants studied. Feedstuffs, 75(29), 12.

Armstrong, T. A., & Spears, J. W. (2003). Effect of boron supplementation of pig diets on the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma. Journal of Animal Science, 81(10), 2552–2561. https://doi.org/10.2527/2003.81102552x

Arthington, J. D., Pate, F. M., & Spears, J. W. (2003). Effect of copper source and level on performance and copper status of cattle consuming molasses-based supplements. Journal of Animal Science, 81(6), 1357–1362. https://doi.org/10.2527/2003.8161357x

Mullis, L. A., Spears, J. W., & McCraw, R. L. (2003). Effects of breed (Angus vs Simmental) and copper and zinc source on mineral status of steers fed high dietary iron. Journal of Animal Science, 81(1), 318–322. https://doi.org/10.2527/2003.811318x

Spears, J. W., Engle, T. E., Platter, W. R., Lloyd, K. E., Belk, K. E., & Horton, J. (2003). Effects of high dietary calcium propionate and dietary cation-anion balance on calcium metabolism and longissimus muscle tenderness in finishing steers. Professional Animal Scientists, 19(6), 424. https://doi.org/10.15232/s1080-7446(15)31461-3

Heugten, E., Spears, J. W., Kegley, E. B., Ward, J. D., & Qureshi, M. A. (2003). Effects of organic forms of zinc on growth performance, tissue zinc distribution, and immune response of weanling pigs. Journal of Animal Science, 81(8), 2063–2071. https://doi.org/10.2527/2003.8182063x

Mullis, L. A., Spears, J. W., & McCraw, R. L. (2003). Estimated copper requirements of Angus and Simmental heifers. Journal of Animal Science, 81(4), 865–873. https://doi.org/10.2527/2003.814865x

Tiffany, M. E., Spears, J. W., Xi, L., & Horton, J. (2003). Influence of dietary cobalt source and concentration on performance, vitamin B12 status, and ruminal and plasma metabolites in growing and finishing steers. Journal of Animal Science, 81(12), 3151–3159. https://doi.org/10.2527/2003.81123151x

Spears, J. W. (2003). Trace mineral bioavailability in ruminants. Journal of Nutrition, 133(5), 1506S–1509. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/133.5.1506s

Roberts, E. S., Heugten, E., Lloyd, K., Almond, G. W., & Spears, J. W. (2002). Dietary zinc effects on growth performance and immune response of endotoxemic growing pigs. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES, 15(10), 1496–1501. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2002.1496

Spears, J. W., & Kegley, E. B. (2002). Effect of zinc source (zinc oxide vs zinc proteinate) and level on performance, carcass characteristics, and immune response of growing and finishing steers. Journal of Animal Science, 80(10), 2747–2752. https://doi.org/10.1093/ansci/80.10.2747

Kegley, E. B., Spears, J. W., Flowers, W. L., & Schoenherr, W. D. (2002). Iron methionine as a source of iron for the neonatal pig. NUTRITION RESEARCH, 22(10), 1209–1217. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0271-5317(02)00434-7

Armstrong, T. A., Flowers, W. L., Spears, J. W., & Nielsen, F. H. (2002). Long-term effects of boron supplementation on reproductive characteristics and bone mechanical properties in gilts. Journal of Animal Science, 80(1), 154–161. https://doi.org/10.2527/2002.801154x

Engle, T. E., Fellner, V., & Spears, J. W. (2001). Copper status, serum cholesterol, and milk fatty acid profile in Holstein cows fed varying concentrations of copper. JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE, 84(10), 2308–2313. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(01)74678-4

Kegley, E. B., Spears, J. W., & Auman, S. K. (2001). Dietary phosphorus and an inflammatory challenge affect performance and immune function of weanling pigs. Journal of Animal Science, 79(2), 413–419. https://doi.org/10.2527/2001.792413x

Armstrong, T. A., & Spears, J. W. (2001). Effect of dietary boron on growth performance, calcium and phosphorus metabolism, and bone mechanical properties in growing barrows. Journal of Animal Science, 79(12), 3120–3127. https://doi.org/10.2527/2001.79123120x

Armstrong, T. A., Spears, J. W., Engle, T. E., & See, M. T. (2001). Effect of pharmacological concentrations of dietary copper on lipid and cholesterol metabolism in pigs. NUTRITION RESEARCH, 21(9), 1299–1308. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0271-5317(01)00332-3

Huntington, G., Poore, M., Hopkins, B., & Spears, J. (2001). Effect of ruminal protein degradability on growth and N metabolism in growing beef steers. Journal of Animal Science, 79(2), 533–541. https://doi.org/10.2527/2001.792533x

Armstrong, T. A., Spears, J. W., & Lloyd, K. E. (2001). Inflammatory response, growth, and thyroid hormone concentrations are affected by long-term boron supplementationin gilts. Journal of Animal Science, 79(6), 1549–1556. https://doi.org/10.2527/2001.7961549x

Engle, T. E., & Spears, J. W. (2001). Performance, carcass characteristics, and lipid metabolism in growing and finishing Simmental steers fed varying concentrations of copper. Journal of Animal Science, 79(11), 2920–2925. https://doi.org/10.2527/2001.79112920x

Armstrong, T. A., Spears, J. W., Crenshaw, T. D., & Nielsen, F. H. (2000, October). Boron supplementation of a semipurified diet for weanling pigs improves feed efficiency and bone strength characteristics and alters plasma lipid metabolites. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION, Vol. 130, pp. 2575–2581. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/130.10.2575

Engle, T. E., Spears, J. W., L., & Edens, F. W. (2000). Dietary copper effects on lipid metabolism and circulating catecholamine concentrations in finishing steers. Journal of Animal Science, 78(10), 2737–2744. https://doi.org/10.2527/2000.78102737x

Engel, T. E., & Spears, J. W. (2000). Dietary copper effects on lipid metabolism, performance, and ruminal fermentation in finishing steers. Journal of Animal Science, 78(9), 2452–2458. https://doi.org/10.2527/2000.7892452x

Armstrong, T. A., Spears, J. W., Heugten, E., Engle, T. E., & Wright, C. L. (2000). Effect of copper source (cupric citrate vs cupric sulfate) and level on growth performance and copper metabolism in pigs. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES, 13(8), 1154–1161. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2000.1154

Luginbuhl, J. M., Poore, M. H., Spears, J. W., & Brown, T. T. (2000). Effect of dietary copper level on performance and copper status of growing meat goats. Sheep & Goat Research Journal, 16(2000), 65–71.

Engle, T. E., & Spears, J. W. (2000). Effects of dietary copper concentration and source on performance and copper status of growing and finishing steers. Journal of Animal Science, 78(9), 2446–2451.

Engle, T. E., Spears, J. W., Armstrong, T. A., Wright, C. L., & Odle, J. (2000). Effects of dietary copper source and concentration on carcass characteristics and lipid and cholesterol metabolism in growing and finishing steers. Journal of Animal Science, 78(4), 1053–1059. https://doi.org/10.2527/2000.7841053x

Engle, T. E., Spears, J. W., Fellner, V., & Odle, J. (2000). Effects of soybean oil and dietary copper on ruminal and tissue lipid metabolism in finishing steers. Journal of Animal Science, 78(10), 2713–2721. https://doi.org/10.2527/2000.78102713x

Armstrong, T. A., Williams, C. M., Spears, J. W., & Schiffman, S. S. (2000). High dietary copper improves odor characteristics of swine waste. Journal of Animal Science, 78(4), 859. https://doi.org/10.2527/2000.784859x

Spears, J. W. (2000, November). Micronutrients and immune function in cattle. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NUTRITION SOCIETY, Vol. 59, pp. 587–594. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0029665100000835

Berg, B. M., Croom, J., Fernandez, J. M., Spears, J. W., Eisen, E. J., Taylor, I. L., … Mannon, P. J. (2000). Peptide YY administration decreases brain aluminum in the Ts65Dn Down syndrome mouse model. Growth, Development, & Aging, 64(1-2), 3–19.

Kegley, E. B., & Spears, J. W. (1999). Chromium and cattle nutrition. JOURNAL OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE, 12(2), 141–147. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1520-670X(1999)12:2<141::AID-JTRA11>3.0.CO;2-H

Engle, T. E., Spears, J. W., Brown, T. T., & Lloyd, K. E. (1999). Effect of breed (Angus Vs Simmental) on immune function and response to a disease challenge in stressed steers and preweaned calves. Journal of Animal Science, 77(3), 516–521. https://doi.org/10.2527/1999.773516x

Spears, J. W. (1999). Reevaluation of the metabolic essentiality of the minerals - Review. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES, 12(6), 1002–1008. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.1999.1002

Ward, J. D., & Spears, J. W. (1999). The effects of low-copper diets with or without supplemental molybdenum on specific immune responses of stressed cattle. Journal of Animal Science, 77(1), 230–237. https://doi.org/10.2527/1999.771230x

Gengelbach, G. P., & Spears, J. W. (1998). Effects of dietary copper and molybdenum on copper status, cytokine production, and humoral immune response of calves. JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE, 81(12), 3286–3292. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(98)75893-X

Droke, E. A., Gengelbach, G. P., & Spears, J. W. (1998). Influence of level and source (inorganic vs organic) of zinc supplementation on immune function in growing lambs. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES, 11(2), 139–144. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.1998.139

Kegley, E. B., Spears, J. W., & Brown, T. T. (1997). Effect of shipping and chromium supplementation on performance, immune response, and disease resistance of steers. Journal of Animal Science, 75(7), 1956–1964. https://doi.org/10.2527/1997.7571956x

Gengelbach, G. P., Ward, J. D., Spears, J. W., & Brown, T. T. (1997). Effects of copper deficiency and copper deficiency coupled with high dietary iron or molybdenum on phagocytic cell function and response of calves to a respiratory disease challenge. Journal of Animal Science, 75(4), 1112–1118. https://doi.org/10.2527/1997.7541112x

Heugten, E., & Spears, J. W. (1997). Immune response and growth of stressed weanling pigs fed diets supplemented with organic or inorganic forms of chromium. Journal of Animal Science, 75(2), 409–416. https://doi.org/10.2527/1997.752409x

Ward, J. D., & Spears, J. W. (1997). Long-term effects of consumption of low-copper diets with or without supplemental molybdenum on copper status, performance, and carcass characteristics of cattle. Journal of Animal Science, 75(11), 3057–3065. https://doi.org/10.2527/1997.75113057x

Kegley, E. B., Spears, J. W., & Eisemann, J. H. (1997). Performance and glucose metabolism in calves fed a chromium-nicotinic acid complex or chromium chloride. JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE, 80(8), 1744–1750. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(97)76107-1

Spears, J. W. (1997). Relationship between nutrition and immune response. Tri-state dairy nutrition conference. Proceedings. Sponsored by Michigan State University, Purdue University, and Ohio State University, 1997, (1997), 1–11.

Ward, J. D., Gengelbach, G. P., & Spears, J. W. (1997). The effects of copper deficiency with or without high dietary iron or molybdenum on immune function of cattle. Journal of Animal Science, 75(5), 1400–1408. https://doi.org/10.2527/1997.7551400x

Spears, J. W. (1996, April). Beef nutrition in the 21st century. ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, Vol. 58, pp. 29–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8401(95)00871-3

Spears, J. W. (1996, April). Organic trace minerals in ruminant nutrition. ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, Vol. 58, pp. 151–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8401(95)00881-0

Spears, J. W. (1994). Minerals in forages. Forage Quality, Evaluation, and Utilization, 281. https://doi.org/10.2134/1994.foragequality.c7

Haven, M. L., Wichtel, J. J., Bristol, D. G., Fetrow, J. F., & Spears, J. W. (1992). The effects of antibiotic prophylaxis on postoperative complications after rumenotomy in cattle. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 200(9), 1332–1335.

Spears, J. W., Harvey, R. W., & Brown, T. T., Jr. (1991). Effects of zinc methionine and zinc oxide on performance, blood characteristics, and antibody titer response to viral vaccination in stressed feeder calves. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 199(12), 1731.

SPEARS, J. W. (1990). IONOPHORES AND NUTRIENT DIGESTION AND ABSORPTION IN RUMINANTS. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION, 120(6), 632–638. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/120.6.632

Spears, J. W., Schricker, B. R., & Burns, J. C. (1989). Influence of lysocellin and monensin on mineral metabolism of steers fed forage-based diets. Journal of Animal Science, 67(8), 2140. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas1989.6782140x

Spears, J. W., Burns, J. C., & Wolfrom, G. W. (1989). Lysocellin effects on growth performance, ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen metabolism in steers fed forage diets. Journal of Animal Science, 67(2), 547. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas1989.672547x

Spears, J. W. (1989). Zinc methionine for ruminants: Relative bioavailability of zinc in lambs and effects of growth and performance of growing heifers. Journal of Animal Science, 67(3), 835. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas1989.673835x

SPEARS, J. W., & HARVEY, R. W. (1984). PERFORMANCE, RUMINAL AND SERUM CHARACTERISTICS OF STEERS FED LASALOCID ON PASTURE. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, 58(2), 460–464. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas1984.582460x