@article{doll_jennings_spooner_penrose_usset_blackwell_fernandez_2016, title={Can rapid assessments predict the biotic condition of restored streams?}, volume={8}, url={http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/8/4/143}, DOI={10.3390/w8040143}, abstractNote={Five rapid visual stream assessment methods were applied to 65 restored streams in North Carolina, and the results were correlated with measured macroinvertebrate community metrics to evaluate predictive ability. The USEPA Rapid Bioassessment Protocol (RBP), USDA Stream Visual Assessment Protocol (SVAP), Peterson’s Riparian Channel and Environmental Inventory (RCE), NCSU Eco-Geomorphological Assessment (EGA), and NCSU Stream Performance Assessment (SPA) were applied by teams with expertise in hydrology, fluvial geomorphology, and aquatic ecology. Predictions of most macroinvertebrate metrics were improved by re-weighting assessment variables using principal component analysis (PCA) and including watershed factors (e.g., size, slope, land use). The correlations of EGA, RCE, SPA and SVAP assessment results to macroinvertebrate metrics were most improved by variable re-weighting using PCA, while the correlations of RBP were most improved by adding watershed parameters. Akaike’s Information Criterion (AIC) indicates that PCA re-weighting including watershed parameters improves the predictor model for the total number of dominant EPT taxa more than using the sum total raw points for all five assessment methods. To demonstrate the application of the study results, a single-value index was generated for the RBP method using principal component regression (PCR) based on the EPT (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera) taxa metric.}, number={4}, journal={Water}, author={Doll, B. and Jennings, G. and Spooner, J. and Penrose, D. and Usset, J. and Blackwell, J. and Fernandez, M.}, year={2016} }
 @article{doll_jennings_spooner_penrose_usset_blackwell_fernandez_2016, title={Identifying watershed, landscape, and engineering design factors that influence the biotic condition of restored streams}, volume={8}, url={http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/8/4/151}, DOI={10.3390/w8040151}, abstractNote={Restored stream reaches at 79 sites across North Carolina were sampled for aquatic macroinvertebrates using a rapid bioassessment protocol. Morphological design parameters and geographic factors, including watershed and landscape parameters (e.g., valley slope, substrate), were also compiled for these streams. Principal component regression analyses revealed correlations between design and landscape variables with macroinvertebrate metrics. The correlations were strengthened by adding watershed variables. Ridge regression was used to find the best-fit model for predicting dominant taxa from the “pollution sensitive” orders of Ephemeroptera (mayflies), Plecoptera (stoneflies), and Trichoptera (caddisflies), or EPT taxa, resulting in coefficient weights that were most interpretable relative to site selection and design parameters. Results indicate that larger (wider) streams located in the mountains and foothills where there are steeper valleys, larger substrate, and undeveloped watersheds are expected to have higher numbers of dominant EPT taxa. In addition, EPT taxa numbers are positively correlated with accessible floodplain width and negatively correlated with width-to-depth ratio and sinuosity. This study indicates that both site selection and design should be carefully considered in order to maximize the resulting biotic condition and associated potential ecological uplift of the stream.}, number={4}, journal={Water}, author={Doll, B. and Jennings, G. and Spooner, J. and Penrose, D. and Usset, J. and Blackwell, J. and Fernandez, M.}, year={2016} }
 @article{doll_jennings_spooner_penrose_usset_2015, title={EVALUATING THE ECO-GEOMORPHOLOGICAL CONDITION OF RESTORED STREAMS USING VISUAL ASSESSMENT AND MACROINVERTEBRATE METRICS}, volume={51}, ISSN={["1752-1688"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jawr.12233}, DOI={10.1111/jawr.12233}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION}, author={Doll, Barbara A. and Jennings, Gregory D. and Spooner, Jean and Penrose, David L. and Usset, Joseph L.}, year={2015}, month={Feb}, pages={68–83} }
 @article{hall_spooner_richardson_hoyle_frederick_2014, title={POSTEMERGENCE CONTROL OF MICROSTEGIUM VIMINEUM ON RIPARIAN RESTORATION SITES WITH AQUATIC-USE REGISTERED HERBICIDES}, volume={50}, ISSN={["1752-1688"]}, DOI={10.1111/jawr.12210}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION}, author={Hall, Karen R. and Spooner, Jean and Richardson, Robert J. and Hoyle, Steve T. and Frederick, Douglas J.}, year={2014}, month={Jun}, pages={533–542} }
 @article{schilling_isenhart_palmer_wolter_spooner_2011, title={IMPACTS OF LAND-COVER CHANGE ON SUSPENDED SEDIMENT TRANSPORT IN TWO AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS}, volume={47}, ISSN={["1093-474X"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00533.x}, abstractNote={Schilling, Keith E., Thomas M. Isenhart, Jason A. Palmer, Calvin F. Wolter, and Jean Spooner, 2011. Impacts of Land‐Cover Change on Suspended Sediment Transport in Two Agricultural Watersheds. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 47(4):672‐686. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2011.00533.x}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION}, author={Schilling, Keith E. and Isenhart, Thomas M. and Palmer, Jason A. and Wolter, Calvin F. and Spooner, Jean}, year={2011}, month={Aug}, pages={672–686} }
 @article{schilling_spooner_2006, title={Effects of watershed-scale land use change on stream nitrate concentrations}, volume={35}, ISSN={["1537-2537"]}, DOI={10.2134/jeq2006.0157}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT}, number={6}, journal={JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY}, author={Schilling, Keith E. and Spooner, Jean}, year={2006}, pages={2132–2145} }
 @article{doll_wise-frederick_buckner_wilkerson_harman_smith_spooner_2002, title={Hydraulic geometry relationships for urban streams throughout the piedmont of North Carolina}, volume={38}, ISSN={["1752-1688"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2002.tb00986.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1752-1688.2002.tb00986.x}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT:  Hydraulic geometry relationships, or regional curves, relate bankfull stream channel dimensions to watershed drainage area. Hydraulic geometry relationships for streams throughout North Carolina vary with hydrology, soils, and extent of development within a watershed. An urban curve that is the focus of this study shows the bankfull features of streams in urban and suburban watersheds throughout the North Carolina Piedmont. Seventeen streams were surveyed in watersheds that had greater than 10 percent impervious cover. The watersheds had been developed long enough for the streams to redevelop bankfull features, and they had no major impoundments. The drainage areas for the streams ranged from 0.4 to 110.3 square kilometers. Cross‐sectional and longitudinal surveys were conducted to determine the channel dimension, pattern, and profile of each stream and power functions were fitted to the data. Comparisons were made with regional curves developed previously for the rural Piedmont, and enlargement ratios were produced. These enlargement ratios indicated a substantial increase in the hydraulic geometry for the urban streams in comparison to the rural streams. A comparison of flood frequency indicates a slight decrease in the bankfull discharge return interval for the gaged urban streams as compared to the gaged rural streams. The study data were collected by North Carolina State University (NCSU), the University of North Carolina at Charlotte (UNC), and Charlotte Storm Water Services. Urban regional curves are useful tools for applying natural channel design in developed watersheds. They do not, however, replace the need for field calibration and verification of bankfull stream channel dimensions.}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION}, author={Doll, BA and Wise-Frederick, DE and Buckner, CM and Wilkerson, SD and Harman, WA and Smith, RE and Spooner, J}, year={2002}, month={Jun}, pages={641–651} }
 @misc{line_jennings_mclaughlin_osmond_harman_lombardo_tweedy_spooner_1999, title={Nonpoint sources}, volume={71}, ISSN={["1554-7531"]}, DOI={10.2175/106143099X133965}, abstractNote={Water Environment ResearchVolume 71, Issue 5 p. 1054-1069 Fate and Effect of PollutantFree Access Nonpoint Sources Daniel E. Line, Daniel E. LineSearch for more papers by this authorGregory D. Jennings, Gregory D. JenningsSearch for more papers by this authorRichard A. McLaughlin, Richard A. McLaughlinSearch for more papers by this authorDeanna L. Osmond, Deanna L. OsmondSearch for more papers by this authorWilliam A. Harman, William A. HarmanSearch for more papers by this authorLaura A. Lombardo, Laura A. LombardoSearch for more papers by this authorKevin L. Tweedy, Kevin L. TweedySearch for more papers by this authorJean Spooner, Jean SpoonerSearch for more papers by this author Daniel E. Line, Daniel E. LineSearch for more papers by this authorGregory D. Jennings, Gregory D. JenningsSearch for more papers by this authorRichard A. McLaughlin, Richard A. McLaughlinSearch for more papers by this authorDeanna L. Osmond, Deanna L. OsmondSearch for more papers by this authorWilliam A. Harman, William A. HarmanSearch for more papers by this authorLaura A. Lombardo, Laura A. LombardoSearch for more papers by this authorKevin L. Tweedy, Kevin L. TweedySearch for more papers by this authorJean Spooner, Jean SpoonerSearch for more papers by this author First published: 15 August 1999 https://doi.org/10.2175/106143099X133965Citations: 13AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume71, Issue51999 Literature ReviewAugust 1999Pages 1054-1069 RelatedInformation}, number={5}, journal={WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH}, author={Line, DE and Jennings, GD and McLaughlin, RA and Osmond, DL and Harman, WA and Lombardo, LA and Tweedy, KL and Spooner, J}, year={1999}, month={Aug}, pages={1054–1069} }
 @misc{line_mclaughlin_osmond_jennings_harman_lombardo_spooner_1998, title={Nonpoint sources}, volume={70}, ISSN={["1554-7531"]}, DOI={10.2175/106143098X134514}, abstractNote={and Renormalized Perturbation Expansion. Adv. Water Res., 20,5. Zhang, R.D. (1997a) Determination of Soil Sorptivity and Hydraulic Conductivity from the Disk Infiltrometer. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 61,4. Zhang, R.D. (I997b) Infiltration Models for the Disk Infiltrometer. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 61, 6. Zhang, R.; Shouse, S.; and Yates, S. (1997) Use of Pseudo-Crossvariograms and Cokriging to Improve Estimates of Soil Solute Concentrations. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 61, 5. Zhang, Y.K. (1997) On the Variances of 2nd Spatial Moments of a Nonergodic Plume in Heterogeneous Aquifers. Water Resour. Res., 33,8. Zhang, Y.M.; Maier, W.I.; and Miller, R.M. (1997) Effect of Rhamnolipids on the Dissolution, Bioavailability and Biodegradation of Phenanthrene. Environ. Sci. Technol., 31, 8. Zhao, L.T.; Gray, D.M.; and Male, D.H. (1997) Numerical Analysis of Simultaneous Heat and Mass Transfer during Infiltration into Frozen Ground. J. Hydrol., 200. Zhou, D.G., and Blunt, M. (1997) Effect of Spreading Coefficient on the Distribution of Light Nonaqueous Phase Liquid in the Subsurface. J. Contam. Hydro/., 25, I. Zhou, J.L.; Rowland, 5.1.; Mantoura, R.F.; and Lane, M.e. (1997) Desorption of Teftuthrin Insecticide from Soil in Simulated RainfallRunoff Systems-Kinetic-Studies and Modeling. Water Res. (G.B.), 31, 1.}, number={4}, journal={WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH}, author={Line, DE and McLaughlin, RA and Osmond, DL and Jennings, GD and Harman, WA and Lombardo, LA and Spooner, J}, year={1998}, month={Jun}, pages={895–912} }
 @inproceedings{spooner_house_hoover_rubin_silverthorne_steinbeck_harris_uebler_martin_1998, title={Performance evaluation of innovative and alternative on-site wastewater treatment systems in Craven County, NC}, booktitle={On-site wastewater treatment: Proceedings of the eighth national symposium on individual and small community sewage systems, March 8-10, 1998, Orlando, Florida}, publisher={St. Joseph, Mich.: American Society of Agricultural Engineers}, author={Spooner, J. and House, C. H. and Hoover, M. T. and Rubin, A. R. and Silverthorne, R. and Steinbeck, S. J. and Harris, V. and Uebler, R. L. and Martin, B.}, year={1998}, pages={458–469} }
 @misc{line_osmond_coffey_mclaughlin_jennings_gale_spooner_1997, title={Nonpoint sources}, volume={69}, ISSN={["1554-7531"]}, DOI={10.2175/106143097X135055}, abstractNote={Micellar Solubilization of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Coal Tar-Contaminated Soils. Environ. Sci. Technol., 30,2104. Yiacoumi, S., and Rao, A.V. (1996) Organic Solute Uptake from Aqueous Solutions by Soil: A New Diffusion Model. Water Resour. Res., 32, 431. Yonezawa, e.; Tanaka, T.; and Kamioka, H. (1996) Water-Rock Reactions During Gamma-Ray Irradiation. Appl. Geochem., 11, 461. Yoon, J.-H., and Shoemaker, e.A. (1996) Applications of SALQR and Evolutionary Algorithms to Optimization of Groundwater Bioremediation. Computat. Methods Water Resour. XI, Cancun, Mexico, Computational Mechanics Publications, Southampton, U.K., 1,383. You, e.N., and Liu, J.e. (1996) Desorptive Behavior of Chlorophenols in Contaminated Soils. Water Sci. Technol. (G.B.), 33, 263. You, G.R.; Sayles, G.D.; Kupferle, M.J.; Kim, I.S.; and Bishop, P.L. (1996) Anaerobic DDT Biotransformation: Enhancement by Application of Surfactants and Low Oxidation Reduction Potential. Chemosphere, 32, 2269. Yu, S.C.T. (1995) Transport and Fate of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in the Vadose Zone-A Literature Review with Discussions on Regulatory Implications. J. Soil Contam., 4, 25. Yu, Y.S.; Bailey, G.W.; and Jin, X.C. (1996) Application of a Lumped, Nonlinear Kinetics Model to Metal Sorption on Humic Substances. 1. Environ. Qual., 25, 552. Zaidel, J.; Russo, D.; and Feldman, G. (1996) Theoretical Analysis of the Impact of Vapor Transport on the NAPL Distribution in Dry Soils. Adv. Water Resour., 19, 145. Zegeling, P.A. (1996) Numerical Solution of Advection-Dispersion Models Using Dynamically-Moving Adaptive Grids. Computat. Methods Water Resour. XI, Cancun, Mex., Computational Mechanics Publications, Southampton, U.K., 1, 593. Zhang, D., and Zhang, Y.-K. (1996) Higher-Order Velocity Covariance and Its Effect on Advective Transport in Three-Dimensional Heterogeneous Anisotropic Media. Computat. Methods Water Resour. Xl, Cancun, Mex., Computational Mechanics Publications, Southampton, U.K., 1, 689. Zhang, D.X., and Neuman, S.P. (1996a) Head and Velocity Covariances Under Quasi-Steady State Flow and Their Effects on Advective Transport. Water Resour. Res., 32,77.}, number={4}, journal={WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH}, author={Line, DE and Osmond, DL and Coffey, SW and McLaughlin, RA and Jennings, GD and Gale, JA and Spooner, J}, year={1997}, month={Jun}, pages={844–860} }
 @book{osmond_line_spooner_1997, title={Section 319 National Monitoring Program: An overview}, publisher={Raleigh, N.C.: N.C. Cooperative Extension Service}, author={Osmond, D. L. and Line, D. E. and Spooner, J.}, year={1997} }
 @article{osmond_gannon_gale_line_knott_phillips_turner_foster_lehning_coffey_et al._1997, title={WATERSHEDSS: A decision support system for watershed-scale nonpoint source water quality problems}, volume={33}, ISSN={["0043-1370"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1752-1688.1997.tb03513.x}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT:  A significant portion of all pollutants entering surface waters (streams, lakes, estuaries, and wetlands) derives from non‐point source (NPS) pollution and, in particular, agricultural activities. The first step in restoring a water resource is to focus on the primary water quality problem in the watershed. The most appropriate NPS control measures, which include best management practices (BMPs) and landscape features, such as wetlands and riparian areas, can then be selected and positioned to minimize or mitigate the identified pollutant(s). A computer‐based decision sup. port and educational software system, WATERSHEDSS (WATER, Soil, and Hydro‐Environmental Decision Support System), has been developed to aid managers in defining their water quality problems and selecting appropriate NPS control measures. The three primary objectives of WATERSHEDSS are (1) to transfer water quality and land treatment information to watershed managers in order to assist them with appropriate land management/land treatment decisions; (2) to assess NPS pollution in a watershed based on user‐supplied information and decisions; and (3) to evaluate, through geographical information systems‐assisted modeling, the water quality effects of alternative land treatment scenarios. WATERSHEDSS is available on the World Wide Web (Web) at http://h2osparc.wq.ncsu.edu.}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION}, author={Osmond, DL and Gannon, RW and Gale, JA and Line, DE and Knott, CB and Phillips, KA and Turner, MH and Foster, MA and Lehning, DE and Coffey, SW and et al.}, year={1997}, month={Apr}, pages={327–341} }
 @article{spooner_wyatt_brichford_lanier_coffey_smolen_1990, title={Nonpoint sources}, volume={62}, number={4}, journal={Research Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation}, author={Spooner, J. and Wyatt, L. and Brichford, S. L. and Lanier, A. L. and Coffey, S. W. and Smolen, M. D.}, year={1990}, pages={537} }
 @article{spooner_wyatt_berryhill_lanier_brichford_smolen_coffey_bennett_1989, title={Nonpoint sources}, volume={61}, number={6}, journal={Journal (Water Pollution Control Federation)}, author={Spooner, J. and Wyatt, L. and Berryhill, W. S. and Lanier, A. L. and Brichford, S. L. and Smolen, M. D. and Coffey, S. W. and Bennett, T. B.}, year={1989}, pages={911} }