@article{vandersea_birkenheuer_litaker_vaden_renschler_gookin_2015, title={Identification of Parabodo caudatus (class Kinetoplastea) in urine voided from a dog with hematuria}, volume={27}, ISSN={["1943-4936"]}, DOI={10.1177/1040638714562827}, abstractNote={A voided urine sample, obtained from a 13-year-old intact male dog residing in a laboratory animal research facility, was observed to contain biflagellate protozoa 5 days following an episode of gross hematuria. The protozoa were identified as belonging to the class Kinetoplastea on the basis of light microscopic observation of Wright–Giemsa-stained urine sediment in which the kinetoplast was observed basal to 2 anterior flagella. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay using primers corresponding with conserved regions within the 18S ribosomal RNA gene of representative kinetoplastid species identified nucleotide sequences with 100% identity to Parabodo caudatus. Parabodo caudatus organisms were unable to be demonstrated cytologically or by means of PCR in samples collected from the dog’s environment. The dog had a history of 50 complete urinalyses performed over the 12-year period preceding detection of P. caudatus, and none of these were noted to contain protozoa. Moreover, the gross hematuria that was documented 5 days prior to detection of P. caudatus had never before been observed in this dog. Over the ensuing 2.5 years of the dog’s life, 16 additional complete urinalyses were performed, none of which revealed the presence of protozoa. Bodonids are commonly found in soil as well as in freshwater and marine environments. However, P. caudatus, in particular, has a 150-year-long, interesting, and largely unresolved history in people as either an inhabitant or contaminant of urine. This historical conundrum is revisited in the current description of P. caudatus as recovered from the urine of a dog.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION}, author={Vandersea, Mark W. and Birkenheuer, Adam J. and Litaker, R. Wayne and Vaden, Shelly L. and Renschler, Janelle S. and Gookin, Jody L.}, year={2015}, month={Jan}, pages={117–120} }
 @article{renschler_dean_2009, title={What is your diagnosis? Abdominal mass aspirate in a cat with an increased Na:K ratio}, volume={38}, ISSN={["1939-165X"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1939-165X.2008.00090.x}, abstractNote={Abstract:  A 13‐year‐old domestic shorthair cat was presented for evaluation of pollakiuria. Laboratory abnormalities included mild hypercholesterolemia, moderate hypertriglyceridemia, and a mild increase in the Na:K ratio (43, reference interval 32–41). Abdominal ultrasonography revealed urinary calculi and a soft tissue mass between the right caudate liver lobe and the right kidney. Surgery was done to remove the cystic calculi, and aspirates of the mass were obtained. Cytologic specimens contained a population of large, round to angular cells with round nuclei, coarse irregularly stippled chromatin, 1–2 prominent round to angular nucleoli, and abundant pale basophilic cytoplasm distended by numerous well‐delineated vacuoles. Rare binucleated cells and micronuclei, and moderate anisocytosis, anisokaryosis, and anisonucleoleosis were noted. The cytologic interpretation was adrenal neoplasia, consistent with adrenal carcinoma. Approximately 4 months later, the cat developed vomiting, dehydration, weakness, and cervical ventroflexion. Serum biochemical alterations at that time included marked hypokalemia (2.4 mmol/L, reference interval 3.4–5.6 mmol/L) and a markedly increased Na:K ratio (65, reference interval 32–41). Mean systolic blood pressure was 205 mmHg. Surgical removal of the mass was accomplished via right adrenalectomy and a diagnosis of adrenal carcinoma was confirmed histologically. Plasma aldosterone concentration (measured preoperatively) was 1358 pmol/L (reference interval 194–388 pmol/L). Primary hyperaldosteronism caused by a functional adrenal carcinoma is an uncommon condition in cats.}, number={1}, journal={VETERINARY CLINICAL PATHOLOGY}, author={Renschler, Janelle S. and Dean, Gregg A.}, year={2009}, month={Mar}, pages={69–72} }
 @article{renschler_tarigo_neel_grindem_2008, title={What is your diagnosis? Particulate material in peritoneal fluid from a dog}, volume={37}, ISSN={["1939-165X"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-44449114150&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1111/j.1939-165X.2008.00006.x}, abstractNote={Abstract:9‐year‐old castrated male Greyhound dog was presented for evaluation of vomiting and lethargy of 1‐week duration. On physical examination, the dog was febrile and dehydrated with a tense abdomen and petechial hemorrhages. Clinicopathologic abnormalities included relative polycythemia, mild lymphopenia with reactive lymphocytes, hypoalbuminemia, hypocholesterolemia, hyperbilirubinemia, increased ALP, mild hypokalemia, hyperamylasemia, hyperlipasemia, increased D‐dimer concentration, and hyperfibrinogenemia. Cytologic evaluation of peritoneal fluid revealed marked suppurative inflammation with intracellular barium sulfate particles. The day before presentation, the referring veterinarian had administered oral barium sulfate in an upper gastrointestinal contrast study. Radiographs revealed free contrast material in the peritoneal cavity, consistent with gastrointestinal perforation, and leakage of contrast material. Abdominal exploratory surgery revealed a mid‐jejunal perforation and a hepatic nodule. Histopathologic diagnosis of the jejunal and liver lesions was T‐cell lymphoma. The patient recovered well postoperatively and received chemotherapy for treatment of lymphoma. Most commercial barium sulfate preparations contain relatively uniform, weakly birefringent, pale yellow particles <1 μm in diameter. Because barium sulfate is found occasionally in clinical specimens, cytopathologists should be familiar with its cytologic appearance.}, number={1}, journal={VETERINARY CLINICAL PATHOLOGY}, author={Renschler, Janelle and Tarigo, Jaime and Neel, Jennifer and Grindem, Carol}, year={2008}, month={Mar}, pages={129–131} }