@article{morley_buckel_2014, title={Effects of temperature and prey size on predator-prey interactions between bluefish and bay anchovy}, volume={461}, ISSN={["1879-1697"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.jembe.2014.08.023}, abstractNote={Little is known about the behavioral responses of fishes at low temperatures. Of particular interest are predator–prey interactions because feeding at low temperature is necessary for the overwinter survival of many species. This experiment examined how low temperatures affect behavioral interactions between bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix L.) and two sizes of bay anchovy (Anchoa mitchilli V.) prey. Temperature had an effect on multiple responses of predator–prey encounters including the approach distance of bluefish towards prey, attack and escape speeds, and prey handling time. The reaction distance of prey was important in determining the outcome of an attack; anchovy reacting at a greater distance from an attacking bluefish escaped more often. However, temperature did not have an effect on either reaction distance or bluefish capture success. The influence of prey size depended on how capture success was defined. Bluefish ability at catching prey was not affected by anchovy size, but larger prey were ingested less frequently due to a greater incidence of prey being dropped in trials with large anchovy. Further, bluefish had greater difficulty handling and ingesting prey at lower temperatures, especially for larger prey. At the lowest temperature treatment small anchovy were readily consumed, but no attacks were made on larger prey. This shows that bluefish modify prey size-selectivity behavior based on temperature, which probably results from a perceived inability to handle and ingest large prey at low temperatures. These results suggest that at low winter temperatures bluefish are restricted to smaller prey.}, journal={JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY}, author={Morley, James W. and Buckel, Jeffrey A.}, year={2014}, month={Dec}, pages={449–457} }
 @article{morley_buckel_lankford_2013, title={Relative contribution of spring- and summer-spawned bluefish cohorts to the adult population: effects of size-selective winter mortality, overwinter growth, and sampling bias}, volume={70}, ISSN={["1205-7533"]}, DOI={10.1139/cjfas-2012-0332}, abstractNote={ Length distributions of juvenile bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) are bimodal, consisting of spring- and summer-spawned fish. Research during the 1990s from the northeastern United States suggested that the summer cohort contributes little to the adult population and that overwinter mortality may limit their survival. We examined length distributions of juvenile bluefish from before and after winter and found that the mean length of the summer cohort increased during winter. Based on a winter-growth experiment and temperatures from the two winters examined, changes in mean length were due to size-selective mortality for one year class and growth for the other. Despite evidence for winter mortality, summer-spawned bluefish were commonly caught at age 1. We reexamined the relative contribution of each cohort to the adult population using archived scales from North Carolina fisheries. Cohort origin of adults was determined by back-calculating length at age 1. One-third of adults consisted of summer-spawned fish, contrasting with previous research from the northeast. The differences in relative cohort abundance between the northeastern and southeastern United States arise from sized-based migration in age-1 and age-2 bluefish (the dominant age groups sampled in these studies) and the size-selective gear and sampling season in which they were collected. }, number={2}, journal={CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES}, author={Morley, James W. and Buckel, Jeffrey A. and Lankford, Thomas E., Jr.}, year={2013}, month={Feb}, pages={233–244} }
 @article{morley_buckel_lankford_2012, title={Comparing Multiple Predictors of Energy Content in Juvenile Bluefish}, volume={141}, ISSN={["0002-8487"]}, DOI={10.1080/00028487.2012.675909}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={4}, journal={TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY}, author={Morley, James W. and Buckel, Jeffrey A. and Lankford, Thomas E., Jr.}, year={2012}, pages={1109–1116} }
 @article{wuenschel_able_buckel_morley_lankford_branson_conover_drisco_jordaan_dunton_et al._2012, title={Recruitment Patterns and Habitat Use of Young-of-the-Year Bluefish along the United States East Coast: Insights from Coordinated Coastwide Sampling}, volume={20}, ISSN={["1547-6553"]}, DOI={10.1080/10641262.2012.660999}, abstractNote={Protracted spawning and pulsed juvenile production are common in coastal spawning fishes, the phenology of which determines potential environmental effects on recruitment. This article examines bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix), a cosmopolitan coastal spawning species that produces multiple cohorts of juveniles utilizing both estuarine and coastal habitats as nurseries along the U.S. east coast. To determine recruitment on a coastwide basis, ocean (bottom, neuston, and surfzone) and estuarine habitats were sampled in Florida and North Carolina south of Cape Hatteras in the South Atlantic Bight, and Maryland, New Jersey, and New York in the Middle Atlantic Bight. This coordinated sampling effort across multiple habitats with multiple gears on a coastwide basis allowed the resolution of the occurrence, growth, and movement of cohorts along the coast. Production of the spring-spawned cohort occurred in both South Atlantic Bight and Middle Atlantic Bight habitats, while summer-spawned cohort production was limited to the Middle Atlantic Bight. Information from the present study is synthesized with prior research to develop a conceptual model of the seasonal patterns of YOY bluefish habitat use and to emphasize the value of coordinated sampling at a large spatial scale in understanding recruitment processes in this and potentially other important marine species.}, number={2}, journal={REVIEWS IN FISHERIES SCIENCE}, author={Wuenschel, Mark J. and Able, Kenneth W. and Buckel, Jeffrey A. and Morley, James W. and Lankford, Thomas and Branson, A. C. and Conover, David O. and Drisco, Damien and Jordaan, Adrian and Dunton, Keith and et al.}, year={2012}, pages={80–102} }