@article{chen_xiong_li_2024, title={A Review on the Driving Forces in the Formation of Bioactive Molecules-Loaded Prolamin-Based Particles}, volume={8}, ISSN={["1520-5118"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.4c04372}, DOI={10.1021/acs.jafc.4c04372}, abstractNote={Prolamin-based particles loaded with bioactive molecules have attracted widespread attention from scientists due to their novel properties in chemistry, physics, and biology. In the self-assembly process of biopolymer-based nanocapsules, noncovalent interactions are the main driving forces for reducing bulk materials to the nanoscale and controlling the release of bioactive molecules. This article reviews the types of interaction forces, binding strength, binding active sites, molecular orientation, and binding affinity that affect the release profile of bioactive molecules during the preparation of protein stabilizer particles. Different preparation formulations, the use of different biopolymers, the inherent nature of the loaded bioactive molecules, and external factors (including pH, biopolymer concentration, temperature, salt, ultrasonication, and atmospheric cold plasma treatment) lead to different types and strengths of intra- and intermolecular interactions. Strategies, such as pH, ultrasonication, and atmospheric cold plasma, to change the protein conformation are key to improving the binding strength between proteins and bioactive substances or stabilizers. This review provides some guidance for scientists and technicians dedicated to improving loading efficiency, delaying release, enhancing colloidal stability, and exploring the binding behavior among proteins, stabilizers, and bioactive molecules.}, journal={JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY}, author={Chen, Xiao and Xiong, Jia and Li, Hui-Jing}, year={2024}, month={Aug} }
 @article{silva_xiong_medeiros_grace_moncada_lila_hoskin_2024, title={Spray dried insect protein-polyphenol particles deliver health-relevant value-added food ingredients}, volume={9}, ISSN={["2666-8335"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.fufo.2024.100315}, abstractNote={A novel strategy to create value-added insect protein-derived ingredients is presented in this study. Spray dried protein-polyphenol particles were produced using aqueous polyphenol extracts of rosemary (RM) or muscadine grape pomace (MG) complexed with insect protein (IP) alone or blended with pea protein 50:50 (IPP). The spray drying process was evaluated (solids recovery SR and polyphenol retention PR) and the four experimental protein-polyphenol treatments IP–RM, IP-MG, IPP–RM and IPP–MG were characterized regarding their physicochemical, bioactivity, functional, bioaccessibility and thermal stability properties. Higher SR (53.7-53.3%) and PR (53.1 – 62.5%) were observed for IPP-derived particles (p<0.05). Particles had water activity in the microbiologically stable range (0.24-0.32) and high protein content (29.5%-38.3%) All particles had low hygroscopicity (<15%) and solubility between 44-52.83%. Remarkably high phenolic content (>68.5 mg GAE/g) was shown for MG-derived particles. Good emulsifying activity (1.85 to 16.46 m2/g) and emulsifying stability (> 60%), foaming capacity (4 – 57%) and foaming stability (2.0-37.3%) were observed for all insect protein-polyphenol particles. Differently from MG-derived particles, RM-derived treatments showed higher polyphenol bioaccessibility than non-complexed polyphenols (p<0.05). Overall, our study demonstrates that spray drying microencapsulation is an efficient strategy to produce attractively colored, value-added functional protein-polyphenol ingredients using insect protein.}, journal={FUTURE FOODS}, author={Silva, Edilene Souza da and Xiong, Jia and Medeiros, Fabio Gonsalves Macedo de and Grace, Mary and Moncada, Marvin and Lila, Mary Ann and Hoskin, Roberta Targino}, year={2024}, month={Jun} }
 @article{xiong_grace_kobayashi_lila_2023, title={Evaluation of saffron extract bioactivities relevant to skin resilience}, volume={37}, ISSN={["2210-8041"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hermed.2023.100629}, DOI={10.1016/j.hermed.2023.100629}, abstractNote={Saffron, Crocus sativus L, is a perennial spice herb. It has been extensively studied for its antioxidant, antidepressant, and anti-inflammatory properties, and has recently gained new interest for use in high-end cosmetics. The present work aims to elucidate the skin-protective properties of saffron in human dermal fibroblasts. The skin-protective properties of saffron extract were evaluated in terms of tyrosinase and collagenase inhibition activities, antioxidant activity in mouse macrophage cells, collagen synthesis and hyaluronic acid synthesis and cell migration activity in primary dermal fibroblast normal human neonatal cells (HDFn). Saffron's main phytoactive constituents - crocins, picrocrocin, safranal, and crocetin - were quantified by LC-MS at 91.0, 61.5, 3.6, and 1.9 mg/g, respectively. Saffron extract inhibited tyrosinase and collagenase with IC50 0.78 mg/mL and 0.1 mg/mL, respectively. Saffron extracts (100–200 μg/mg) suppressed reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide generation in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells and promoted collagen and hyaluronic acid synthesis in HDFn. Saffron extract at 25 μg/mg significantly promoted migration of HDFn cells (wound healing capacity) compared to control (no treatment). The findings highlighted the potential benefits of saffron extract relevant to skin resilience.}, journal={JOURNAL OF HERBAL MEDICINE}, author={Xiong, Jia and Grace, Mary H. and Kobayashi, Hideka and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2023}, month={Feb} }
 @article{hoskin_grace_xiong_lila_2023, title={Spray-drying microencapsulation of blackcurrant and cocoa polyphenols using underexplored plant-based protein sources}, volume={5}, ISSN={["1750-3841"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.16590}, DOI={10.1111/1750-3841.16590}, abstractNote={AbstractThe performance of buckwheat protein (BK) and chia seed protein (CP) as drying carriers for the microencapsulation of polyphenols extracted from blackcurrant pomace and cocoa powder was investigated. Four experimental groups were evaluated (BK–BC: blackcurrant pomace extract with buckwheat protein; CP–BC: blackcurrant pomace extract with chia:pea protein blend; BK–CC: cocoa extract with buckwheat protein; and CP–CC: cocoa extract with chia:pea protein blend) to determine physicochemical attributes, phytochemical content, antioxidant activity, and polyphenol in vitro bioaccessibility. Nonconventional, underexploited protein sources such as chia/pea protein blend and buckwheat protein efficiently produced functional microparticles with attractive color and texture, low hygroscopicity (<20% increase in moisture content when exposed to 86% relative humidity for 1 week), solubility above 50% at pH 7 and 10, and uniform particle size (29 < D4,3 < 56 µm). Besides this, the protein–polyphenol microparticles concentrated and protected health‐relevant polyphenol content. Anthocyanins were detected in blackcurrant treatments (around 20 mg cyanidin‐3‐O‐glucoside equivalents/g), while proanthocyanidins (PAC) were the most prevalent polyphenols in cocoa treatments (>100 mg PAC B2/g). Monomers were the main class of PAC in both BK–CC and CP–CC treatments. All protein–polyphenol treatments reduced both reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide‐activated cells (p < 0.05). The polyphenol recovery index was high (>70%) for both oral and gastric phases, and BK‐derived groups had better bioaccessibility index compared to BC or CC alone (noncomplexed). This research provided a framework for delivery of high‐value ingredients to attend to an emerging market centered on protein‐rich, clean label plant‐based food products.Practical ApplicationPractical Application: The protein–polyphenol complexation is a robust method to produce phytochemical‐rich food ingredients for the food industry with enhanced physicochemical, sensory, and bioaccessibility performance. In this study, we investigated practical aspects regarding the production and quality of protein–polyphenol particles, such as the spray‐drying efficiency, phytochemical content, physicochemical attributes, antioxidant activity, and polyphenol bioaccessibility. This study unveils the potential of underexplored buckwheat and chia seeds (alone or combined with pea protein) as encapsulation carriers for fruit polyphenols to diversify the protein options available for products directed to the wellness market.}, journal={JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE}, author={Hoskin, Roberta Targino and Grace, Mary H. H. and Xiong, Jia and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2023}, month={May} }
 @article{lila_hoskin_grace_xiong_strauch_ferruzzi_iorizzo_kay_2022, title={Boosting the Bioaccessibility of Dietary Bioactives by Delivery as Protein-Polyphenol Aggregate Particles}, volume={4}, ISSN={["1520-5118"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00398}, DOI={10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00398}, abstractNote={Protein-polyphenol aggregate particles concurrently fortify a functional food product with healthy dietary proteins and concentrated polyphenols. However, what impact does ingestion of aggregate particles have on ultimate health relevance of either the polyphenolic molecules in the matrix or the protein molecules? Because human health benefits are contingent on bioavailability after ingestion, the fate of these molecules during transit in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) will dictate their utility as functional food ingredients. This brief review explores diverse applications of protein-polyphenol particles in the food industry and the bioaccessibility of both bioactive polyphenolic compounds and edible proteins. Evidence to date suggests that complexation of phytoactive polyphenolics effectively enhances their health-relevant impacts, specifically because the phytoactives are protected in the protein matrix during transit in the GIT, allowing intact, non-degraded molecules to reach the colon for catabolism at the gut microbiome level, a prerequisite to realize the health benefits of these active compounds.}, journal={JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Lila, Mary Ann and Hoskin, Roberta Targino and Grace, Mary H. and Xiong, Jia and Strauch, Renee and Ferruzzi, Mario and Iorizzo, Massimo and Kay, Colin}, year={2022}, month={Apr} }
 @article{xiong_bonney_goncalves_esposito_2022, title={Brassinosteroids control the inflammation, oxidative stress and cell migration through the control of mitochondrial function on skin regeneration}, volume={307}, ISSN={["1879-0631"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120887}, abstractNote={Brassinosteroids (BRs) are the class of phytohormones with great importance in agriculture and potential diverse effects on human welfare, including skin disease treatment. In this sense, BRs are a promising tool for promoting skin regeneration.Therefore, the objective of the present work was to analyze the effect of BRs in wound repair, mainly the inflammatory and proliferative phases, and their influence on migratory abilities in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFa), and consequently understand the mitochondrial metabolism.We measured nine natural and synthetic BRs for the inflammatory response in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. We further evaluated the migration activity in HDFa modeling promotion of wound closure after BRs exposure. In addition, we evaluated the 84 gene profiles linked to wound healing response using RT2 Profiler PCR Array and examined cellular bioenergetics using an extracellular flux analyzer.Results showed that LPS-induced cells had around 10 % lower reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide accumulation when treated with some BRs compounds. HDFa treated with homobrassinolide-based and homocastasterone-based compounds resulted in the greatest migratory activity and presents the best results for mitochondrial responses.Together, these results provided strong evidence for BRs' ability to promote skin health, particularly through contributions to both reducing excessive oxidative stress and controlling the inflammation process resulting in the best HDFa cell migration through the control of mitochondrial function.}, journal={LIFE SCIENCES}, author={Xiong, Jia and Bonney, Sierra and Goncalves, Reggiani Vilela and Esposito, Debora}, year={2022}, month={Oct} }
 @article{jiang_zhao_xiong_wang_xiao_bao_yu_2021, title={Extraction, Purification, and Biological Activities of Flavonoids from Branches and Leaves of Taxus cuspidata S. et Z.}, volume={16}, ISSN={["1930-2126"]}, DOI={10.15376/biores.16.2.2655-2682}, abstractNote={The optimal operational and process parameters were determined for the enzymatic hydrolysis and ultrasound-assisted extraction (EHUE) method of flavonoids extracted from Taxus cuspidata branches and leaves (TCBL), and the biological activity of obtained flavonoids was evaluated. According to single factor and central composite design experiments, the optimum key experimental parameters for EHUE were that pectinase enzyme concentration was 0.10 mg·mL-1, enzymatic hydrolysis temperature was 48 °C, and enzymolysis time was 39 min. The yield of flavonoids from TCBL under the optimized conditions was 5.23% ± 0.18%. Four purified flavonoid compounds from TCBL extract were identified as 1) (E)-1-methoxy-2-O-(p-coumaroyl)-myo-inositol, 2) catechin, 3) epicatechin, and 4) quercetin-3-O-glucoside. Among the 4 compounds, compounds 2 and 3 showed higher antioxidant capacities, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. The statistical analysis showed that epicatechin and catechin were potent antioxidants and active agents for inhibiting type II diabetes. In addition, all 4 compounds exerted clear antitumor activity against MCF-7, Hela, and HepG2 cells. Especially, compound 4 had highest antitumor capacity against MCF-7 and Hela, while compound 1 was best at suppressing the proliferation of HepG2 cells.}, number={2}, journal={BIORESOURCES}, author={Jiang, Ping and Zhao, Yajie and Xiong, Jia and Wang, Fei and Xiao, Lujie and Bao, Siyao and Yu, Xiangdong}, year={2021}, month={May}, pages={2655–2682} }
 @article{esposito_overbaugh_xiong_rathinasabapathy_komarnytsky_silva_esposito_2021, title={Immune Responses Are Differentially Regulated by Root, Stem, Leaf, and Flower Extracts of Female and Male CBD Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) Plants}, url={https://doi.org/10.3390/immuno1040025}, DOI={10.3390/immuno1040025}, abstractNote={Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) has many applications, including the production of textiles, agricultural extracts, nutritional products, and botanicals enriched with cannabinoids and full-spectrum terpenes naturally present in the plant. In this study, the dynamics of distribution and accumulation of 10 main cannabinoids in hemp were quantified. Hemp bioactive compounds were evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. While all tissues of hemp showed moderate anti-inflammatory properties, female flowers demonstrated the highest activity. CBD showed the strongest anti-inflammatory activity with suppression of nitric oxide production at 2 μg/mL and the reduced expressions of the pro-inflammatory genes COX-2, IL-6, and TNF-α at as low as 2 ng/mL. The topical hemp inflorescences (1–50 μg/mL) and CBD alone (20–200 ng/mL) also improved mitochondrial respiration. These data contribute to the future development of agricultural and plant management techniques to produce hemp with specific metabolite profiles to selectively support immune health.}, journal={Immuno}, author={Esposito, Laura G. A. and Overbaugh, Ezekial and Xiong, Jia and Rathinasabapathy, Thirumurugan and Komarnytsky, Slavko and Silva, Derly José Henriques and Esposito, Debora A.}, year={2021}, month={Oct} }
 @misc{kay_strauch_granillo_bame_xiong_mast_burton-freeman_kay_lila_2022, title={The berry health tool chest - an evidence map and interactive resource}, volume={80}, ISSN={["1753-4887"]}, DOI={10.1093/nutrit/nuab011}, abstractNote={Abstract
               Berry consumption is linked to diverse health benefits, but numerous questions remain regarding mechanism of action, dose efficacy, and optimal duration and frequency of intake. Addressing these outstanding questions requires an organized assessment of current research, to inform future study designs and fill critical knowledge gaps. Tools that organize such information will also facilitate consumer messaging, targeted nutritional health initiatives, and dietary intake guidelines. This review aimed to describe the development and utility of the “Berry Health Tool Chest,” an evidence map summarizing trial design features of studies characterizing the impact of berry consumption upon human health biomarkers. A systematic search strategy identified relevant high-quality human feeding studies, whose study design parameters were collected and compiled into an evidence map that is freely available as an interactive online interface enabling tabulated data to be interrogated, filtered, and exported. Of the 231 included studies, approximately 70% were of less than 3 months’ duration and/or fewer than 50 participants, illustrating research gaps that could potentially inform the design of future studies.}, number={1}, journal={NUTRITION REVIEWS}, author={Kay, Kristine L. and Strauch, Renee C. and Granillo, Cheryl D. and Bame, Megan W. and Xiong, Jia and Mast, Aubrey C. and Burton-Freeman, Britt and Kay, Colin D. and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2022}, month={Jan}, pages={68–77} }
 @article{grace_hoskin_xiong_lila_2021, title={Whey and soy proteins as wall materials for spray drying rosemary: Effects on polyphenol composition, antioxidant activity, bioaccessibility after in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and stability during storage}, volume={149}, ISSN={["1096-1127"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111901}, DOI={10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111901}, abstractNote={A straightforward protocol was developed to produce rosemary particles using whey and soy protein carriers. The post-processing retention of carnosic acid (CA), carnosol (CR) and rosmarinic acid (RA), their bioaccessibility, in vitro antioxidant activity, and storage stability were investigated in protein-rosemary particles compared to rosemary extract (RME). Solids recovery was highest for whey protein or whey-inulin blend complexed with rosemary (R–WPI, R–WIN, ~90%), followed by soy protein or soy-inulin (R–SPI, R–SIN, 60% and 70%); all were higher than rosemary alone (RME, 52%). Protein or protein/inulin carriers significantly enhanced retention of CR (36.8–50.7 mg/g) and CA (17.1–19.6 mg/g) compared to RME (19.8 mg/g and 8.3 mg/g, respectively). In vitro digestibility showed that whey protein isolate increased the bioaccessibility of CA and CR, with no effect on RA, which was highly bioaccessible in all formulations. The rosemary-protein-treatments retained high antioxidant activity measured by ROS and NO assays. CR and CA were particularly stable during 20 weeks of storage in protein-rosemary particles, and stayed at their higher concentration compared to RME. Water activity was below 0.5 and remarkable color stability was observed during storage. Overall, spray dried protein-rosemary particles constitute a creative solution to deliver preserved phytochemicals in a high-protein food format.}, journal={LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Grace, Mary H. and Hoskin, Roberta and Xiong, Jia and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2021}, month={Sep} }
 @article{matta_xiong_lila_ward_felipe-sotelo_esposito_2020, title={Chemical Composition and Bioactive Properties of Commercial and Non-Commercial Purple and White Açaí Berries}, volume={9}, url={https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9101481}, DOI={10.3390/foods9101481}, abstractNote={Chemical composition analysis of açaí extracts revealed higher levels of total polyphenol content in purple açaí samples for both commercial (4.3–44.7 gallic acid equivalents mg/g) and non-commercial samples (30.2–42.0 mg/g) compared to white (8.2–11.9 mg/g) and oil samples (0.8–4.6 mg/g). The major anthocyanin compounds found in purple açaí samples were cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-rutinoside with total concentrations in the range of 3.6–14.3 cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalents mg/g. The oligomeric proanthocyanidins were quantified in the range of 1.5–6.1 procyanidin B1 equivalents mg/g. Moreover, açaí presented significant levels of calcium, magnesium, manganese, iron, zinc and copper, essential minor and trace elements, in comparison with other berries. All of the açaí extracts at 50 μg/mL potently inhibited the release of reactive oxygen species in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells, but none inhibited the release of nitric oxide. Furthermore, all the açaí samples demonstrated potential as wound healing agents due to the high levels of migration activity in human fibroblast cells.}, number={10}, journal={Foods}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Matta, Fernanda V. and Xiong, Jia and Lila, Mary Ann and Ward, Neil I. and Felipe-Sotelo, Mónica and Esposito, Debora}, year={2020}, month={Oct}, pages={1481} }
 @article{mengist_grace_xiong_kay_bassil_hummer_ferruzzi_lila_iorizzo_2020, title={Diversity in Metabolites and Fruit Quality Traits in Blueberry Enables Ploidy and Species Differentiation and Establishes a Strategy for Future Genetic Studies}, volume={11}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.00370}, DOI={10.3389/fpls.2020.00370}, abstractNote={Blueberry is well recognized as a rich source of health promoting phytochemicals such as flavonoids and phenolic acids. Multiple studies in blueberry and other crops indicated that flavonoids and phenolic acids function as bioactive compounds in the human body promoting multiple health effects. Despite their importance, information is limited about the levels of variation in bioactive compounds within and between ploidy level and species, and their association with fruit quality traits. Such information is crucial to define a strategy to study the genetic mechanisms controlling these traits and to select for these traits in blueberry breeding programs. Here we evaluated 33 health related phytochemicals belonging to four major groups of flavonoids and phenolic acids across 128 blueberry accessions over two years together with fruit quality traits, including fruit weight, titratable acidity, total soluble acids and pH. Highly significant variation between accessions, years, and accession by year interaction were identified for most of the traits. Cluster analysis grouped phytochemicals by their functional structure (e.g., anthocyanins, flavanols, flavonols, and phenolic acids). Multivariate analysis of the traits resulted in separation of diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid accessions. Broad sense heritability of the traits estimated in 100 tetraploid accessions, ranged from 20 to 90%, with most traits revealing moderate to high broad sense heritability (H2 > 40%), suggesting that strong genetic factors control these traits. Fruit size can be estimated as a proxy of fruit weight or volume and vice versa, and it was negatively correlated with content of most of phytochemicals evaluated here. However, size-independent variation for anthocyanin content and profile (e.g., acylated vs. non-acylated anthocyanin) exists in the tetraploid accessions and can be explored to identify other factors such as genes related to the biosynthetic pathway that control this trait. This result also suggests that metabolite concentrations and fruit size, to a certain degree can be improved simultaneously in breeding programs. Overall, the results of this study provide a framework to uncover the genetic basis of bioactive compounds and fruit quality traits and will be useful to advance blueberry-breeding programs focusing on integrating these traits.}, journal={Frontiers in Plant Science}, author={Mengist, M.F. and Grace, M.H. and Xiong, J. and Kay, C.D. and Bassil, N. and Hummer, K. and Ferruzzi, M.G. and Lila, M.A. and Iorizzo, M.}, year={2020}, month={Apr} }
 @article{xiong_chan_rathinasabapathy_grace_komarnytsky_lila_2020, title={Enhanced stability of berry pomace polyphenols delivered in protein-polyphenol aggregate particles to an in vitro gastrointestinal digestion model}, volume={331}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127279}, DOI={10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127279}, abstractNote={Stability of protein-polyphenol aggregate particles, created by complexing polyphenols from blueberry and muscadine grape pomaces with a rice-pea protein isolate blend, was evaluated in an in vitro gastrointestinal model. Recovery index (RI; % total phenolics present post-digestion) was 69% and 62% from blueberry and muscadine grape protein-polyphenol particles, compared to 23% and 31% for the respective pomace extracts. Anthocyanins RI was 52% and 42% from particles (6% and 13% from pomace extracts), and proanthocyanidins RI was 77% and 73% from particles (25% and 14% from pomace extracts), from blueberry and grape, respectively. Protein-polyphenol particle digests retained 1.5 to 2-fold higher antioxidant capacity and suppressed the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, iNOS, IL6, and IL1β, compared to unmodified extract digests, which only suppressed IL6. Protein-polyphenol particles as a delivery vehicle in foods may confer better stability during gastrointestinal transit, allow protected polyphenols to reach the gut microbiota, and preserve polyphenol bioactivity.}, journal={Food Chemistry}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Xiong, Jia and Chan, Yu Hsuan and Rathinasabapathy, Thirumurugan and Grace, Mary H. and Komarnytsky, Slavko and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2020}, month={Nov}, pages={127279} }
 @article{lily steroidal glycoalkaloid promotes early inflammatory resolution in wounded human fibroblasts._2020, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2020.112766}, DOI={10.1016/j.jep.2020.112766}, abstractNote={The bulbs and flowers of plants from the Lilium genus have historically been used in Asian and Greco-Roman medicine to treat burns and promote skin healing. To evaluate a steroidal glycoalkaloid isolated from Easter lily bulbs for its potential wound healing promoting properties. A lily-derived steroidal glycoalkaloid (LSGA), (22R, 25R)-spirosol-5-en-3β-yl O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranoside, was isolated from Easter lily bulbs, and its structure was confirmed by LC-MS and NMR spectrometry. LSGA effects on wound scratch closure were evaluated in a primary human dermal fibroblast cell culture, and the changes in gene expression profiles were quantitated using an 84 wound-related gene qPCR microarray. LSGA promoted migration of dermal fibroblasts into the wounded area. The treatment was associated with a rapid upregulation of early inflammatory (CD40LG, CXCL11, IFNG, IL10, IL2 and IL4), cell growth (CSF3 and TNF) and remodeling (CTSG, F13A1, FGA, MMP and PLG) genes both in the wounded and unwounded cells treated with LSGA. A selective decrease in gene expression profiles associated with inflammatory (CXCL2 and CCL7) and remodeling (MMP7 and PLAT) phases was observed in wounded cells treated with LSGA, in contrast to the wounded cells (control). This study demonstrates that a glycoalkaloid present in lilies promoted fibroblast migration in vitro and affected inflammatory, remodeling and growth factor gene expression. The decreases in expression of key genes may impact the wound healing process, possibly contributing to an earlier end of the inflammatory response and shortening the early phases of model tissue reconstitution. The results of this preliminary investigation may provide a basis for the historical use of lily bulbs to promote dermal healing after injury.}, journal={Journal of ethnopharmacology}, year={2020}, month={Mar} }
 @article{xiong_matta_grace_lila_ward_felipe-sotelo_esposito_2020, title={Phenolic content, anti-inflammatory properties, and dermal wound repair properties of industrially processed and non-processed acai from the Brazilian Amazon}, volume={11}, url={https://doi.org/10.1039/C9FO03109J}, DOI={10.1039/C9FO03109J}, abstractNote={Industrial processing affected polyphenol content, anti-inflammatory properties, and dermal wound repair properties of Brazilian Amazon Acai extracts.}, number={6}, journal={Food & Function}, publisher={Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)}, author={Xiong, Jia and Matta, Fernanda V. and Grace, Mary and Lila, Mary Ann and Ward, Neil I. and Felipe-Sotelo, Monica and Esposito, Debora}, year={2020}, pages={4903–4914} }
 @article{chen_xiong_he_wang_2019, title={Characterization and Potential Antidiabetic Activity of Proanthocyanidins from the Barks of Acacia mangium and Larix gmelinii}, volume={2019}, ISSN={2090-9063 2090-9071}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4793047}, DOI={10.1155/2019/4793047}, abstractNote={Proanthocyanidins in ethanol extracts from the barks of Acacia mangium and Larix gmelinii were analyzed by gel permeation chromatography, MALDI-TOF/TOF MS, and HPLC/MS. The inhibitory effects of proanthocyanidins and acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of proanthocyanidins against carbolytic enzymes were also tested. A significant relationship between carbolytic enzymes inhibition and degree of polymerization was established, showing that the degree of polymerization is a major contributor to the biological activity of the proanthocyanidins from both types of woody plant bark. The results indicate that proanthocyanidins from the barks of A. mangium and L. gmelinii have potential antidiabetic properties.}, journal={Journal of Chemistry}, publisher={Hindawi Limited}, author={Chen, X. and Xiong, J. and He, Q. and Wang, F.}, year={2019}, month={Mar}, pages={1–9} }
 @article{hoskin_xiong_lila_2019, title={Comparison of berry juice concentrates and pomaces and alternative plant proteins to produce spray dried protein–polyphenol food ingredients}, volume={10}, ISSN={2042-6496 2042-650X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C9FO01587F}, DOI={10.1039/c9fo01587f}, abstractNote={Plant protein sources – buckwheat flour alone or blended with pea and rice proteins, and polyphenol sources – blueberry, cranberry and muscadine grape extracts from juice concentrates and pomaces – were complexed to obtain spray dried food ingredients.}, number={10}, journal={Food & Function}, publisher={Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)}, author={Hoskin, Roberta Targino and Xiong, Jia and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2019}, pages={6286–6299} }
 @article{jiang_zhang_zhao_xiong_wang_zhang_zhang_2019, title={Extraction, Purification, and Biological Activities of Polysaccharides from Branches and Leaves of Taxus cuspidata S. et Z.}, volume={24}, ISSN={1420-3049}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24162926}, DOI={10.3390/molecules24162926}, abstractNote={Taxus cuspidata S. et Z. is an excellent natural source of bioactive polysaccharides and has various biological activities. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of antidiabetic and antitumor activities of polysaccharides from Taxus cuspidata branches and leaves (TCBL) and to determine the optimum extraction technology of TCBL using a low-temperature and high-efficiency enzyme and ultrasound-assisted coupled extraction (EUCE) method. Optimal technology parameters were determined as follows: an extraction temperature of 51 °C, an extraction time of 33 min, a ratio of material to liquid of 1:19 (g:mL), and an enzyme concentration of 0.10 mg·mL−1. Under the optimized conditions, the polysaccharide yield from TCBL obtained by EUCE was 4.78% ± 0.18%. The four purified polysaccharides (Pe1, Pe2, Pe3, Pe4) from TCBL are mainly composed of arabinose, galactose, glucose, a small amount of xylose, and mannose. This composition was assessed by HPIC analysis. The antidiabetic activity and antitumor activity of polysaccharides from TCBL were assayed in vitro. Among the four purified polysaccharides from TCBL, purified Pe4 had the highest inhibitory capacity against α-glucosidase, and its IC50 value was 123.0 µg·mL−1. Pe1 had the highest antitumor capacity against MCF7 cells and HepG2 cells, with IC50 values of 169.0 and 132.0 µg·mL−1. Pe4 had the highest antitumor effect on human cervical cancer cells (Hela), and its IC50 value was 89.9 µg·mL−1. Pe4 polysaccharide demonstrated a good α-glucosidase inhibitory activity and antitumor capacity against Hela cells. Therefore, Pe4 polysaccharide from TCBL is a beneficial source of potential inhibitors of type II diabetes and human cervical cancer activity.}, number={16}, journal={Molecules}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Jiang, Ping and Zhang, Qian and Zhao, Yajie and Xiong, Jia and Wang, Fei and Zhang, Ting and Zhang, Chenmeng}, year={2019}, month={Aug}, pages={2926} }
 @article{phytochemical content, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory activities and wound healing properties of freeze-dried fruits_2019, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.31080/asnh.2020.04.phytochemical-content-antioxidant-anti-inflammatory-activities-and-wound-healing-properties-of-freeze-dried-fruits}, DOI={10.31080/asnh.2020.04.phytochemical-content-antioxidant-anti-inflammatory-activities-and-wound-healing-properties-of-freeze-dried-fruits}, journal={Acta Scientifci Nutritional Health}, year={2019}, month={Dec} }
 @article{chen_xiong_huang_li_zhang_zhang_wang_2018, title={Analytical Profiling of Proanthocyanidins from Acacia mearnsii Bark and In Vitro Assessment of Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Potential}, volume={23}, ISSN={1420-3049}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23112891}, DOI={10.3390/molecules23112891}, abstractNote={The proanthocyanidins from ethanol extracts (80%, v/v) of Acacia mearnsii (A. mearnsii) bark on chemical-based and cellular antioxidant activity assays as well as carbolytic enzyme inhibitory activities were studied. About 77% of oligomeric proanthocyanidins in ethanol extracts of A. mearnsii bark were found by using normal-phase HPLC. In addition, HPLC-ESI-TOF/MS and MALDI-TOF/TOF MS analyses indicated that proanthocyanidins from A. mearnsii bark exhibited with a degree of polymerization ranging from 1 to 11. These results of combined antioxidant activity assays, as well as carbolytic enzyme inhibitory activities of proanthocyanidins from A. mearnsii bark, indicated an encouraging antioxidant capacity for the high polyphenol content and a potential for use as alternative drugs for lowering the glycemic response.}, number={11}, journal={Molecules}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Chen, Xiao and Xiong, Jia and Huang, Shenlin and Li, Xun and Zhang, Yu and Zhang, Liping and Wang, Fei}, year={2018}, month={Nov}, pages={2891} }
 @article{hoskin_xiong_esposito_lila_2019, title={Blueberry polyphenol-protein food ingredients: The impact of spray drying on the in vitro antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory markers, glucose metabolism and fibroblast migration}, volume={280}, ISSN={0308-8146}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.12.046}, DOI={10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.12.046}, abstractNote={Wild blueberry pomace extract complexed with wheat or chickpea flour or soy protein isolate produced spray dried and freeze-dried polyphenol-protein particles. To evaluate the impact of spray drying on the biological activity of these food ingredients in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, regulation of glucose metabolism and ability to stimulate fibroblast migration were tested. Extracts from polyphenol-protein particles significantly decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and down-regulated the gene expression of inflammation markers (COX-2 and IL-1β). Milder suppression of nitric oxide production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene expression was evident. The extracts significantly inhibited phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and accelerated fibroblast cell migration up to 3-fold after 24 h. Complexed polyphenols retained their structural integrity and bioactive potency for both lyophilized and spray dried treatments. The data suggests that spray drying is a convenient and cost-effective technique to produce blueberry-polyphenol food ingredients with preserved phytochemicals with biological activities.}, journal={Food Chemistry}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Hoskin, Roberta Targino and Xiong, Jia and Esposito, Debora Araújo and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2019}, month={May}, pages={187–194} }
 @article{chen_xiong_he_zhang_li_zhang_wang_2018, title={Effects of In Vitro Digestion on the Content and Biological Activity of Polyphenols from Acacia mearnsii Bark}, volume={23}, ISSN={1420-3049}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23071804}, DOI={10.3390/molecules23071804}, abstractNote={ The stability and bioaccessibility of polyphenol from Acacia mearnsii bark were measured at various stages during in vitro simulated digestion. Subsequently, the changes in the total polyphenol content (TPC) and biological activity were studied. The results showed that the phenolic compounds from A. mearnsii remained stable, and TPC underwent few changes during gastric digestion. Nonetheless, intestinal digestion led to the degradation of proanthocyanidins (PAs) and a significant decrease in TPC (26%). Degradation was determined by normal-phase HPLC and gel permeation chromatography. Only monomers, dimers, and trimers of flavan-3-ols were identified in the serum-accessible fraction for characterization of their bioaccessibility. The results also indicated the obvious antioxidant capacity of PAs from A. mearnsii bark, and ~53% of the α-glucosidase–inhibitory effect was preserved. All these findings show that PAs from A. mearnsii bark as a native plant source may be particularly beneficial for human health as a natural nutritional supplement.}, number={7}, journal={Molecules}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Chen, Xiao and Xiong, Jia and He, Lingxiao and Zhang, Yu and Li, Xun and Zhang, Liping and Wang, Fei}, year={2018}, month={Jul}, pages={1804} }
 @article{grace_xiong_esposito_ehlenfeldt_lila_2019, title={Simultaneous LC-MS quantification of anthocyanins and non-anthocyanin phenolics from blueberries with widely divergent profiles and biological activities}, volume={277}, ISSN={0308-8146}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.10.101}, DOI={10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.10.101}, abstractNote={A sensitive and straightforward LC-IT-TOF-MS method was validated for the profiling and simultaneous quantification of anthocyanins, flavan-3-ols, flavonols, phenolic acids, and resveratrol in blueberry genotypes with fruit color ranging from deep purple (Vaccinium angustifolium) to various shades of pink (crosses of V. corymbosum, V. darrowii, and V. ashei). Standard calibration curves were linear for all analytes with correlation coefficients >0.99. The relative standard deviation for intra- and inter-day precision was lower than 10%. The method allowed an easy and selective identification and quantification of phenolics in blueberries with divergent profiles. The in vitro antioxidant assay results were strongly correlated with total phenolics and total anthocyanin content. Lowbush blueberry extracts (50 μg/mL) reduced ROS and NO production, and inhibited the transcription of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6β, COX2, iNOS, and IL-6 in the in vitro assays at much lower concentrations than pink fruited berries (250 μg/mL).}, journal={Food Chemistry}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Grace, Mary H. and Xiong, Jia and Esposito, Debora and Ehlenfeldt, Mark and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2019}, month={Mar}, pages={336–346} }
 @article{xiong_grace_esposito_komarnytsky_wang_lila_2017, title={Polyphenols isolated from Acacia mearnsii bark with anti-inflammatory and carbolytic enzyme inhibitory activities}, volume={15}, ISSN={1875-5364}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1875-5364(18)30015-3}, DOI={10.1016/s1875-5364(18)30015-3}, abstractNote={The present study was designed to characterize the polyphenols isolated from Acacia mearnsii bark crude extract (B) and fractions (B1-B7) obtained by high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) and evaluate their anti-inflammatory and carbolytic enzymes (α-glucosidase and α-amylase) inhibitory activities. Fractions B4, B5, B6, B7 (total phenolics 850.3, 983.0, 843.9, and 572.5 mg·g−1, respectively; proanthocyanidins 75.7, 90.5, 95.0, and 44.8 mg·g−1, respectively) showed significant activities against reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO) production, and expression of pro-inflammatory genes interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse macrophage cell line RAW 264.7. All the extracts suppressed α-glucosidase and α-amylase activities, two primary enzymes responsible for carbohydrate digestion. A. mearnsii bark samples possessed significantly stronger inhibitory effects against α-glucosidase enzyme (IC50 of 0.4−1.4 μg·mL−1) than the pharmaceutical acarbose (IC50 141.8 μg·mL−1). B6 and B7 (IC50 17.6 and 11.7 μg·mL−1, respectively) exhibited α-amylase inhibitory activity as efficacious as acarbose (IC50 15.4 μg·mL−1). Moreover, B extract, at 25 µg·mL−1, significantly decreased the non-mitochondrial oxidative burst that is often associated with inflammatory response in human monocytic macrophages.}, number={11}, journal={Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Xiong, Jia and Grace, Mary H and Esposito, Debora and Komarnytsky, Slavko and Wang, Fei and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2017}, month={Nov}, pages={816–824} }
 @article{jiang_xiong_wang_grace_lila_xu_2017, title={α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities of Phenolic Extracts from Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla Bark}, volume={2017}, ISSN={2090-9063 2090-9071}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8516964}, DOI={10.1155/2017/8516964}, abstractNote={This study evaluated the inhibitory effects of different extracts and fractions from Eucalyptus. grandis × urophylla bark (EB) against α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzyme activities. The ethyl acetate extract (EB-E) showed the highest activity among others. Seven fractions were derived from EB-E; among them EB-E-7 showed the highest significant inhibition of both enzymes, with IC50 of 1.40±0.18 and 1.72±0.12 μg/mL, respectively. EB-E and its active fraction EB-E-7 showed highest contents of total phenolics: 178.79±4.68 and 920.4±5.46 mg GAEag−1, respectively. HPLC-MS analysis of EB-E-7 revealed the presence of ellagic acid, quercetin-glucuronide, quercetin-3-α-rhamnopyranoside, and ellagic acid rhamnoside as major compounds, together with smaller concentrations of myricetin-rhamnoside, isorhamnetin-hexoside, myricetin-3-α-arabinofuranoside, and isorhamnetin. Therefore, the phenolic compounds from Eucalyptus grandis × E. urograndis bark potently inhibited α-amylase and α-glucosidase activity, having potential in prevention of hyperglycemia.}, journal={Journal of Chemistry}, publisher={Hindawi Limited}, author={Jiang, Ping and Xiong, Jia and Wang, Fei and Grace, Mary H. and Lila, Mary Ann and Xu, Rui}, year={2017}, pages={1–7} }
 @article{grace_esposito_timmers_xiong_yousef_komarnytsky_lila_2016, title={Chemical composition, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of pistachio hull extracts}, volume={210}, ISSN={0308-8146}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.04.088}, DOI={10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.04.088}, abstractNote={Phytochemical and bioactivity analyses of pistachio hulls revealed the presence of anacardic acids (3198 mg/100 g), fatty acids (1500 mg/100 g), and phytosterols (192 mg/100 g) as major components. Carotenoids (4.93 mg/100 g), chlorophylls (10.27 mg/100 g), tocopherols (8.83 mg/100 g), and three triterpene acids (mangiferolic, isomangiferolic and mangiferonic acids) were characterized. A polar (P) extract contained quercetin-3-O-glucoside (6.27 mg/g), together with smaller concentrations of quercetin, myricetin and luteolin flavonoids, accounting for 5.53 mg/g. Gallotannins and other phenolic compounds esterified with a gallic acid moiety characterized the P extract. P extract potently inhibited the release of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. The mRNA expression levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine COX-2 were significantly inhibited by fractions P2-P5, while IL-6 was only inhibited by fraction P3. Moreover, the P extract significantly decreased the non-mitochondrial oxidative burst associated with inflammatory response in macrophages.}, journal={Food Chemistry}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Grace, Mary H. and Esposito, Debora and Timmers, Michael A. and Xiong, Jia and Yousef, Gad and Komarnytsky, Slavko and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2016}, month={Nov}, pages={85–95} }
 @article{grace_esposito_timmers_xiong_yousef_komarnytsky_lila_2016, title={In vitro lipolytic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of roasted pistachio kernel and skin constituents}, volume={7}, ISSN={2042-6496 2042-650X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6fo00867d}, DOI={10.1039/c6fo00867d}, abstractNote={A comprehensive phytochemical analysis was conducted on pistachios to identify the differential contributions of skin and kernel phytochemicals toin vitrobioactivity.}, number={10}, journal={Food & Function}, publisher={Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)}, author={Grace, Mary H. and Esposito, Debora and Timmers, Michael A. and Xiong, Jia and Yousef, Gad and Komarnytsky, Slavko and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2016}, pages={4285–4298} }
 @article{xiong_grace_esposito_wang_lila_2016, title={Phytochemical characterization and anti-inflammatory properties of Acacia mearnsii leaves}, volume={11}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84982124720&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, number={5}, journal={Natural Product Communications}, author={Xiong, J. and Grace, M.H. and Esposito, D. and Wang, F. and Lila, M.A.}, year={2016}, pages={649–653} }
 @article{liu_zhou_ye_xiong_jiang_li_zhang_wang_2016, title={Study on the whitening and sunscreen effects of proanthocyanidins from Acacia mearnsii bark}, volume={3}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.13360/j.issn.2096-1359.2016.03.008}, DOI={10.13360/j.issn.2096-1359.2016.03.008}, journal={Journal of Forestry Engineering}, author={Liu, G. and Zhou, M. and Ye, F. and Xiong, J. and Jiang, P. and Li, X. and Zhang, Y. and Wang, F.}, year={2016}, pages={42–47} }
 @article{zhao_xiong_wang_2013, title={Purification, degradation and scavenging activities on DPPH free radical of proanthocyanidins from black wattle bark}, volume={33}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84885345980&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.3969/j.issn.0253-2417.2013.04.016}, number={4}, journal={Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products}, author={Zhao, Z.-J. and Xiong, J. and Wang, F.}, year={2013}, pages={83–88} }