@article{joshipura_nguyen_quinn_yang_morales_santiso_daeneke_truong_dickey_2023, title={An atomically smooth container: Can the native oxide promote supercooling of liquid gallium?}, volume={26}, ISSN={["2589-0042"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2023.106493}, DOI={10.1016/j.isci.2023.106493}, abstractNote={Metals tend to supercool—that is, they freeze at temperatures below their melting points. In general, supercooling is less favorable when liquids are in contact with nucleation sites such as rough surfaces. Interestingly, bulk gallium (Ga) can significantly supercool, even when it is in contact with heterogeneous surfaces that could provide nucleation sites. We hypothesized that the native oxide on Ga provides an atomically smooth interface that prevents Ga from directly contacting surfaces, and thereby promotes supercooling. Although many metals form surface oxides, Ga is a convenient metal for studying supercooling because its melting point of 29.8°C is near room temperature. Using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), we show that freezing of Ga with the oxide occurs at a lower temperature (−15.6 ± 3.5°C) than without the oxide (6.9 ± 2.0°C when the oxide is removed by HCl). We also demonstrate that the oxide enhances supercooling via macroscopic observations of freezing. These findings explain why Ga supercools and have implications for emerging applications of Ga that rely on it staying in the liquid state.}, number={4}, journal={ISCIENCE}, author={Joshipura, Ishan D. and Nguyen, Chung Kim and Quinn, Colette and Yang, Jiayi and Morales, Daniel H. and Santiso, Erik and Daeneke, Torben and Truong, Vi Khanh and Dickey, Michael D.}, year={2023}, month={Apr} }
 @article{wu_li_zhao_zhang_xiong_yu_dickey_yang_2023, title={Convex Microarrays-Based Liquid Metal Soft Piezoresistive Stress Sensor With High Sensitivity and Large Measurement Range}, volume={23}, ISSN={["1558-1748"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2023.3260029}, DOI={10.1109/JSEN.2023.3260029}, abstractNote={Liquid metal (LM) soft piezoresistive sensors, that is, devices that change resistance in response to mechanical forces, have low hysteresis and high stability, which exhibit great promise for human health monitoring. Applying stress reduces the cross-sectional area of the LM conductive path in the sensor, increasing the resistance and enabling the measurement of stress. However, increasing the sensitivity of the sensor results in a reduced measurement range and an increase in the cost. To solve this problem, this article presents a convex microarrays (CMs)-based LM soft piezoresistive stress sensor with high sensitivity and large measurement range. The CMs are located inside the microchannel, which improves the sensitivity of the sensor without reducing the measurement range. The CMs also enable the sensor to monitor bending. The mechanism of the CMs is verified by theoretical analysis, finite element simulation, and experiments. The relationship between the height of the CMs and the sensitivity is investigated. The sensor can be used in the field of human health monitoring.}, number={9}, journal={IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL}, author={Wu, Yali and Li, Shuai and Zhao, Zibing and Zhang, Dongguang and Xiong, Xiaoyan and Yu, Tingting and Dickey, Michael D. and Yang, Jiayi}, year={2023}, month={May}, pages={9176–9182} }
 @article{yang_nithyanandam_kanetkar_kwon_ma_im_oh_shamsi_wilkins_daniele_et al._2023, title={Liquid Metal Coated Textiles with Autonomous Electrical Healing and Antibacterial Properties}, volume={4}, ISSN={["2365-709X"]}, DOI={10.1002/admt.202202183}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES}, author={Yang, Jiayi and Nithyanandam, Praneshnandan and Kanetkar, Shreyas and Kwon, Ki Yoon and Ma, Jinwoo and Im, Sooik and Oh, Ji-Hyun and Shamsi, Mohammad and Wilkins, Mike and Daniele, Michael and et al.}, year={2023}, month={Apr} }
 @article{kwon_cheeseman_frias‐de‐diego_hong_yang_jung_yin_murdoch_scholle_crook_et al._2021, title={A Liquid Metal Mediated Metallic Coating for Antimicrobial and Antiviral Fabrics}, volume={33}, ISSN={0935-9648 1521-4095}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.202104298}, DOI={10.1002/adma.202104298}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={45}, journal={Advanced Materials}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Kwon, Ki Yoon and Cheeseman, Samuel and Frias‐De‐Diego, Alba and Hong, Haeleen and Yang, Jiayi and Jung, Woojin and Yin, Hong and Murdoch, Billy J. and Scholle, Frank and Crook, Nathan and et al.}, year={2021}, month={Sep}, pages={2104298} }
 @article{neumann_kara_sargolzaeiaval_im_ma_yang_ozturk_dickey_2021, title={Aerosol Spray Deposition of Liquid Metal and Elastomer Coatings for Rapid Processing of Stretchable Electronics}, volume={12}, ISSN={["2072-666X"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.3390/mi12020146}, DOI={10.3390/mi12020146}, abstractNote={We report a spray deposition technique for patterning liquid metal alloys to form stretchable conductors, which can then be encapsulated in silicone elastomers via the same spraying procedure. While spraying has been used previously to deposit many materials, including liquid metals, this work focuses on quantifying the spraying process and combining it with silicones. Spraying generates liquid metal microparticles (~5 μm diameter) that pass through openings in a stencil to produce traces with high resolution (~300 µm resolution using stencils from a craft cutter) on a substrate. The spraying produces sufficient kinetic energy (~14 m/s) to distort the particles on impact, which allows them to merge together. This merging process depends on both particle size and velocity. Particles of similar size do not merge when cast as a film. Likewise, smaller particles (<1 µm) moving at the same speed do not rupture on impact either, though calculations suggest that such particles could rupture at higher velocities. The liquid metal features can be encased by spraying uncured silicone elastomer from a volatile solvent to form a conformal coating that does not disrupt the liquid metal features during spraying. Alternating layers of liquid metal and elastomer may be patterned sequentially to build multilayer devices, such as soft and stretchable sensors.}, number={2}, journal={MICROMACHINES}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Neumann, Taylor V. and Kara, Berra and Sargolzaeiaval, Yasaman and Im, Sooik and Ma, Jinwoo and Yang, Jiayi and Ozturk, Mehmet C. and Dickey, Michael D.}, year={2021}, month={Feb} }
 @article{lai_lu_wu_zhang_yang_ma_shamsi_vallem_dickey_2021, title={Elastic Multifunctional Liquid-Metal Fibers for Harvesting Mechanical and Electromagnetic Energy and as Self-Powered Sensors}, volume={11}, ISSN={["1614-6840"]}, DOI={10.1002/aenm.202100411}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={18}, journal={ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS}, author={Lai, Ying-Chih and Lu, Hong-Wei and Wu, Hsing-Mei and Zhang, Dongguang and Yang, Jiayi and Ma, Jinwoo and Shamsi, Mohammad and Vallem, Veena and Dickey, Michael D.}, year={2021}, month={May} }
 @article{zhang_zhang_wu_xiong_yang_dickey_2021, title={Liquid Metal Interdigitated Capacitive Strain Sensor with Normal Stress Insensitivity}, volume={12}, ISSN={["2640-4567"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202100201}, DOI={10.1002/aisy.202100201}, abstractNote={Soft and stretchable sensors of strain are important for human–machine interfaces, soft robotics, and electronic skins. However, soft strain sensors generally cannot distinguish in‐plane strain from normal stress. For example, stretching a sensor often gives a similar signal to pressing the sensor. To solve this problem, a liquid metal (LM)‐interdigitated capacitive strain sensor that is insensitive to normal stress is introduced. The sensor contains LM‐interdigitated electrodes prepared by vacuum filling of LM into lithographically defined microchannels. The capacitance between the LM electrodes decreases with increasing strain due to geometric changes. Because of the liquid nature of the electrodes, the sensor exhibits high stretchability (100% strain) and repeatability with gauge factor of −0.3. Due to the elasticity of the device, the sensor has low hysteresis (<1%) and no crosstalk between strain and normal stress sensing. These types of soft sensors may find use in wearable devices.}, journal={ADVANCED INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Zhang, Dongguang and Zhang, Jie and Wu, Yali and Xiong, Xiaoyan and Yang, Jiayi and Dickey, Michael D.}, year={2021}, month={Dec} }
 @article{yang_kwon_kanetkar_xing_nithyanandam_li_jung_gong_tuman_shen_et al._2021, title={Skin-Inspired Capacitive Stress Sensor with Large Dynamic Range via Bilayer Liquid Metal Elastomers}, volume={11}, ISSN={["2365-709X"]}, DOI={10.1002/admt.202101074}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES}, author={Yang, Jiayi and Kwon, Ki Yoon and Kanetkar, Shreyas and Xing, Ruizhe and Nithyanandam, Praneshnandan and Li, Yang and Jung, Woojin and Gong, Wei and Tuman, Mary and Shen, Qingchen and et al.}, year={2021}, month={Nov} }
 @article{yang_tang_ao_ghosh_neumann_zhang_piskarev_yu_truong_xie_et al._2020, title={Ultrasoft Liquid Metal Elastomer Foams with Positive and Negative Piezopermittivity for Tactile Sensing}, volume={30}, ISSN={["1616-3028"]}, DOI={10.1002/adfm.202002611}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={36}, journal={ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS}, author={Yang, Jiayi and Tang, David and Ao, Jinping and Ghosh, Tushar and Neumann, Taylor V. and Zhang, Dongguang and Piskarev, Yegor and Yu, Tingting and Truong, Vi Khanh and Xie, Kai and et al.}, year={2020}, month={Sep} }