@article{guerra_boys_2022, title={A new food chain: Adoption and policy implications to blockchain use in agri-food industries}, volume={44}, ISSN={["2040-5804"]}, DOI={10.1002/aepp.13163}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={APPLIED ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES AND POLICY}, author={Guerra, Kathleen Krzyzanowski and Boys, Kathryn A.}, year={2022}, month={Mar}, pages={324–349} }
 @article{boys_zhang_hooker_2022, title={The international trade of US organic agri-food products: export opportunities, import competition and policy impacts}, volume={8}, ISSN={["1742-1713"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1017/S1742170522000163}, DOI={10.1017/S1742170522000163}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={RENEWABLE AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SYSTEMS}, author={Boys, Kathryn A. and Zhang, Siqi and Hooker, Neal H.}, year={2022}, month={Aug} }
 @article{ehmke_katare_kiesel_bergtold_penn_boys_2022, title={US agricultural university students' mental well-being and resilience during the first wave of COVID-19: Discordant expectations and experiences across genders}, volume={2}, ISSN={["2040-5804"]}, DOI={10.1002/aepp.13233}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={APPLIED ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES AND POLICY}, author={Ehmke, Mariah D. and Katare, Bhagyashree and Kiesel, Kristin and Bergtold, Jason S. and Penn, Jerrod M. and Boys, Kathryn A.}, year={2022}, month={Feb} }
 @article{jilcott pitts_wu_truesdale_rafferty_haynes-maslow_boys_mcguirt_fleischhacker_johnson_kaur_et al._2021, title={A four-year observational study to examine the dietary impact of the North Carolina Healthy Food Small Retailer Program, 2017-2020}, volume={18}, ISSN={["1479-5868"]}, DOI={10.1186/s12966-021-01109-8}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL NUTRITION AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY}, author={Jilcott Pitts, Stephanie B. and Wu, Qiang and Truesdale, Kimberly P. and Rafferty, Ann P. and Haynes-Maslow, Lindsey and Boys, Kathryn A. and McGuirt, Jared T. and Fleischhacker, Sheila and Johnson, Nevin and Kaur, Archana P. and et al.}, year={2021}, month={Mar} }
 @article{grant_boys_xie_2021, title={A new president in the White House: implications for Canadian agricultural trade}, volume={69}, ISSN={["1744-7976"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1111/cjag.12268}, DOI={10.1111/cjag.12268}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={CANADIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS-REVUE CANADIENNE D AGROECONOMIE}, author={Grant, Jason H. and Boys, Kathryn A. and Xie, Chaoping}, year={2021}, month={Mar}, pages={45–58} }
 @article{knollenberg_arroyo_barbieri_boys_2021, title={Craft beverage tourism development: The contributions of social capital}, volume={20}, ISSN={["2212-5752"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2021.100599}, DOI={10.1016/j.jdmm.2021.100599}, abstractNote={This study investigates the role that social capital plays in synergizing two growing components of economic development for many communities - the tourism and craft beverage industries. By focusing on an emerging craft beverage tourism destination, Wake County in North Carolina (United States), this study illustrates the economic development outcomes that can be generated by craft beverage tourism and the forms of social capital needed to establish and sustain this type of niche tourism. Thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with 30 stakeholders revealed that craft beverage tourism contributes to economic development outcomes such as: (1) community capacity, (2) firm and industry capacity, (3) entrepreneurial activity, and (4) innovative infrastructure. Both bridging and bonding social capital supported these outcomes in the forms of (1) collaboration among stakeholders, (2) support for new members of the industry, (3) craft beverage stakeholders' involvement with the community, and (4) creation of a craft beverage destination. Results indicate that bonding social capital is a crucial resource for establishing and sustaining Wake County's craft beverage industry and its development as a craft beverage destination. However, there is only limited utilization of bridging social capital in efforts to advance craft beverage tourism development. Collectively, these findings outline the economic development benefits of craft beverage tourism and the social capital resources needed to achieve those benefits. These insights can facilitate the development of CBT products.}, journal={JOURNAL OF DESTINATION MARKETING & MANAGEMENT}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Knollenberg, Whitney and Arroyo, Claudia Gil and Barbieri, Carla and Boys, Kathryn}, year={2021}, month={Jun} }
 @article{boys_haynes-maslow_mcguirt_ammerman_van fleet_johnson_kelley_donadio_fleischhacker_truesdale_et al._2021, title={Perceived barriers and facilitators to participating in the North Carolina Healthy Food Small Retailer Program: a mixed-methods examination considering investment effectiveness}, volume={24}, ISSN={["1475-2727"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980021003955}, DOI={10.1017/S1368980021003955}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={18}, journal={PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION}, publisher={Cambridge University Press (CUP)}, author={Boys, Kathryn A. and Haynes-Maslow, Lindsey and McGuirt, Jared T. and Ammerman, Alice S. and Van Fleet, Erin E. and Johnson, Nevin S. and Kelley, Casey J. and Donadio, Victoria E. and Fleischhacker, Sheila E. and Truesdale, Kimberly P. and et al.}, year={2021}, month={Dec}, pages={6555–6565} }
 @article{haynes-maslow_pitts_boys_mcguirt_fleischhacker_ammerman_johnson_kelley_donadio_bell_et al._2021, title={Qualitative perspectives of the North Carolina healthy food small retailer program among customers in participating stores located in food deserts}, volume={21}, ISSN={["1471-2458"]}, DOI={10.1186/s12889-021-11509-x}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={BMC PUBLIC HEALTH}, author={Haynes-Maslow, Lindsey and Pitts, Stephanie B. Jilcott and Boys, Kathryn A. and McGuirt, Jared T. and Fleischhacker, Sheila and Ammerman, Alice S. and Johnson, Nevin and Kelley, Casey and Donadio, Victoria E. and Bell, Ronny A. and et al.}, year={2021}, month={Jul} }
 @article{boys_fraser_2021, title={The Gap between Perception and Reality: Obstacles to Public School Use of Produce from Small Local Farms in the Southeastern United States}, volume={8}, ISSN={["2326-4403"]}, DOI={10.14485/HBPR.8.1.2}, abstractNote={Objective: Connecting farms to school foodservice operations is complex. Our purposes in this study were to: (1) identify and assess self-reported benefits and challenges to procurement and use of produce purchased directly from small farms in school foodservice operations, and (2) determine if opinions about procurement from small farms significantly differs between those with and without experience purchasing these products. Methods: An online survey was conducted with child nutrition directors from 3 southeastern states in the United States. Statistical tests assessed differences in opinions between those with and without experience purchasing with these products. Results: Directors without experience understood the benefits but significantly overestimated the difficulty in obtaining and using these products. Experience shaped director perceptions regarding perceived procurement challenges related to contract terms, ordering challenges, food safety practices, and ability of small farms to supply foodservice needs. Conclusions: Challenges exist in procuring produce from small farms (eg, lack of coordinated ordering, delivery, and communications processes, insufficient availability of products, and limited value-added processing). Sourcing products directly from these farms is not as onerous as perceived to be. Bridging}, number={1}, journal={HEALTH BEHAVIOR AND POLICY REVIEW}, author={Boys, Kathryn A. and Fraser, Angela M.}, year={2021}, month={Jan}, pages={13–27} }
 @article{willis_hughes_boys_swindall_2020, title={Economic growth through entrepreneurship: Determinants of self-employed income across regional economies}, volume={99}, ISSN={["1435-5957"]}, DOI={10.1111/pirs.12482}, abstractNote={Abstract Knowledge of the determinants of self‐employment income is critical to entrepreneurial development strategies if the development goal is to increase incomes not just employment. Using American Community Survey data, unconditional quantile regression is used to investigate differences in the relationship between entrepreneurial income and an array of individual, industry, and regional characteristics across the self‐employment income distribution. Personal attributes, such as education, race, age, and gender, both explain differences in self‐employment income and vary in importance across the income distribution. Regional agglomerative effects are significantly positive and stronger at the upper end of the self‐employed income distribution.}, number={1}, journal={PAPERS IN REGIONAL SCIENCE}, author={Willis, David B. and Hughes, David W. and Boys, Kathryn A. and Swindall, Devin C.}, year={2020}, month={Feb}, pages={73–95} }
 @article{barrowclough_boys_carpio_2019, title={Benefits, Challenges and Trade-Offs: Buyer and Contract Characteristics Valued by Small Farm Suppliers to Wholesale Marketing Channels}, volume={44}, ISSN={["2327-8285"]}, DOI={10.22004/ag.econ.292334}, abstractNote={There is increasing interest in accessing local food products through “conventional” food marketing systems. This study identifies and quantifies key contract characteristics and buyer attributes valued by small-scale produce farmers who are currently or are considering marketing into wholesale channels. Overall, produce farmers are receptive to entering into contracts with wholesale buyers. Substantial heterogeneity, however, is found among farmer attitudes toward the specific contract terms and in the trade-offs farmers are willing to accept between contract terms and buyer characteristics. Insights offered will enable produce buyers to more efficiently target potential suppliers and will facilitate more effective contract design.}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND RESOURCE ECONOMICS}, author={Barrowclough, Michael and Boys, Kathryn A. and Carpio, Carlos}, year={2019}, month={Sep}, pages={605–623} }
 @article{xie_grant_boys_2019, title={Do state‐owned enterprises benefit more from China's cereal grain tariff‐rate quota regime?}, volume={67}, ISSN={["1744-7976"]}, DOI={10.1111/cjag.12213}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={4}, journal={Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics}, author={Xie, C. and Grant, J.H. and Boys, K.A.}, year={2019}, month={Dec}, pages={397–416} }
 @article{ehmke_bonanno_boys_smith_2019, title={Food fraud: economic insights into the dark side of incentives}, volume={63}, ISSN={["1467-8489"]}, DOI={10.1111/1467-8489.12346}, abstractNote={In this review, we contextualise the articles in this special issue, relating them to existing food fraud research, and identify food fraud research trends, challenges and priorities for the near term. We accomplish these aims through a comprehensive review of research by food scientists, economists, other social scientists, legal experts, government research groups and international trade organisations. Existing food fraud research is heavily weighted towards food science, packaging and labelling, and legal areas of knowledge discovery. Moving forward, research is needed pertaining to general economic welfare outcomes from food fraud incidences, economic incentives to deter frauds, economic spillovers from fraud incidences to other food products and markets (domestic and international) and further delineation of the effect of different types of food fraud on consumer and producer welfare. The articles in this special issue make significant contributions to understanding of the role of food fraud in consumer decisions, measuring consumer welfare losses from fraud, food fraud spillover effects to other markets and new frameworks for fraud analysis.}, number={4}, journal={AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND RESOURCE ECONOMICS}, author={Ehmke, Mariah Dolsen and Bonanno, Alessandro and Boys, Kathryn and Smith, Trenton G.}, year={2019}, month={Oct}, pages={685–700} }
 @article{wang_boys_hooker_2019, title={Organic innovation: The growing importance of private label products in the United States}, ISBN={["978-0-08-102037-1"]}, DOI={10.1016/B978-0-08-102037-1.00010-4}, abstractNote={Using organic food and drink product innovation data for 2015, we document the growing role of private label (PL) products in the United States. A further focus is provided through two case studies of product categories: dairy and processed fruit & vegetable products. The strategic choices of firms are described with reference to the content of organic ingredients in multiingredient foods. The performance impact on consumers is described by reporting subcategory price differentials between PL and national brand organic and conventional food and beverage products. We demonstrate that PL products may be leading organic innovation in certain dimensions, particularly value.}, journal={CASE STUDIES IN FOOD RETAILING AND DISTRIBUTION}, author={Wang, Xiaojin and Boys, Kathryn and Hooker, Neal H.}, year={2019}, pages={137–158} }
 @article{haque_foster_keeney_boys_narayanan_2019, title={Output and input bias effects of U.S. direct payments}, volume={50}, ISSN={0169-5150}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/agec.12479}, DOI={10.1111/agec.12479}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={2}, journal={Agricultural Economics}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Haque, Samiul and Foster, Kenneth A. and Keeney, Roman and Boys, Kathryn A. and Narayanan, Badri G.}, year={2019}, month={Jan}, pages={229–236} }
 @article{dunning_johnson_boys_2019, title={Putting Dollars to Waste: Estimating the Value of On-Farm Food Loss}, volume={34}, url={https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/283536/files/cmsarticle_671.pdf}, number={1}, journal={Choices}, author={Dunning, R.D. and Johnson, L.K. and Boys, K.A.}, year={2019} }
 @article{sharma_boys_grant_2019, title={The Bright Side of the Generalized System of (Trade) Preferences: Lessons from Agricultural Trade}, volume={44}, url={https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/281312}, DOI={10.22004/ag.econ.281312}, abstractNote={Empirical evidence on the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) for low-income countries generally portrays a rather stark prediction: the program has produced virtually no impact on intended low-income beneficiaries’ exports to high-income countries. This result, based on total merchandise trade, is misleading because it masks three underlying heterogeneities in the program: i) preference structure across countries, ii) pre-existing distortions across sectors, and iii) rules of origin. Using a theoretically consistent gravity equation for sector- and product-level trade over 1962–2010, we illustrate that the GSP has delivered significant positive effects for lowincome countries’ agricultural exports (but not necessarily for their nonagricultural exports) to developed countries.}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics}, author={Sharma, A. and Boys, K.A. and Grant, J.}, year={2019}, pages={32–61} }
 @article{boys_fraser_2018, title={Linking small fruit and vegetable farmers and institutional foodservice operations: marketing challenges and considerations}, volume={34}, ISSN={1742-1705 1742-1713}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1742170518000030}, DOI={10.1017/S1742170518000030}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={03}, journal={Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems}, publisher={Cambridge University Press (CUP)}, author={Boys, Kathryn A. and Fraser, Angela M.}, year={2018}, month={Feb}, pages={226–238} }
 @article{boys_dubreuil white_groover_2017, title={Fostering rural and agricultural tourism: exploring the potential of geocaching}, volume={25}, ISSN={0966-9582 1747-7646}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2017.1291646}, DOI={10.1080/09669582.2017.1291646}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Geocaching is a modern-day version of “hide and seek” where participants use geographical longitude and latitude coordinates to locate a “geocache” using a GPS device or mobile app. An agriculturally focused geocache program could foster tourism, interest and educational opportunities about rural and agricultural areas, and could facilitate additional patronage of businesses that operate in these areas. As a prerequisite to such a program, however, organizations must commit to establishing and maintaining a geocache. This study explores the perceived benefits and constraints to an organization's participation in a rural or agriculturally focused geocache program. A case example of an agriculturally focused geocaching program, AgCache, is used as a starting point. In-depth interviews of program Founders and current participants explored the program's background and goals, and experiences of participating sites. Complimenting this, a survey collected information from potential host sites, and probit model analyses were used to assess influences on an organization's interest in hosting a geocache. While many organizations indicated that they would be interested in such a program, several indicated (addressable) concerns. Characteristics of the organization and respondent were found to significantly influence their interest. Findings are instructive for targeting and recruiting organizations into an agricultural or rural geocaching program.}, number={10}, journal={Journal of Sustainable Tourism}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Boys, Kathryn A. and DuBreuil White, Katherine and Groover, Gordon}, year={2017}, month={Mar}, pages={1474–1493} }
 @article{wilcock_boys_2017, title={Improving quality management: ISO 9001 benefits for agrifood firms}, volume={7}, ISSN={2044-0839}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/JADEE-12-2014-0046}, DOI={10.1108/jadee-12-2014-0046}, abstractNote={
Purpose
ISO 9001 can offer users substantial management benefits. For developing country firms, this standard could offer both important management improvements and serve as a quality signal to foreign suppliers and potential buyers. The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of ISO 9001 on food manufacturing firms in Guyana.
}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies}, publisher={Emerald}, author={Wilcock, Anne E. and Boys, Kathryn A.}, year={2017}, month={May}, pages={2–20} }
 @article{caffarelli_ferreira_groover_boys_2016, title={Grain Consumption and Production in  Virginia: A Trend and Spatial Examination}, volume={07}, ISSN={2156-8553 2156-8561}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/as.2016.74025}, DOI={10.4236/as.2016.74025}, abstractNote={This article couples an examination of grain production with Virginia’s livestock and poultry sector to analyze the overall magnitude and distribution of grain consumption in Virginia. Specifically, this paper describes the sources and trends over time of grain production and consumption; identifies grain surplus (and deficit) areas across Virginia’s counties; describes and applies a methodology to quantify livestock and poultry consumption requirements at the state- and county-levels; provides an updated assessment of Virginia’s ability to meet its feed grain needs; and discusses implications on the overall distribution system. Important results of the analysis reveal that grain consumption in Virginia is due mainly to demand in the poultry sector (primarily broilers and chickens). Furthermore, grain consumption in this state has generally declined over the last twenty years, due to decreasing livestock population numbers. Coupled with a slight upward trend in grain production, Virginia appears to be increasingly capable of meeting its grain needs. There is, however, an important east-west divide in the state, with western counties requiring more grain than they produce. Since grain does not appear to move from the relatively “production-rich” eastern counties, transportation infrastructure is important to bring in grain from outside the state.}, number={04}, journal={Agricultural Sciences}, publisher={Scientific Research Publishing, Inc,}, author={Caffarelli, Peter and Ferreira, Gustavo and Groover, Gordon and Boys, Kathryn}, year={2016}, pages={250–269} }
 @article{willis_carpio_boys_2016, title={SUPPORTING LOCAL FOOD SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT THROUGH FOOD PRICE PREMIUM DONATIONS: A POLICY PROPOSAL}, volume={48}, ISSN={1074-0708 2056-7405}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/AAE.2016.10}, DOI={10.1017/AAE.2016.10}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics}, publisher={Cambridge University Press (CUP)}, author={Willis, David B. and Carpio, Carlos E. and Boys, Kathryn A.}, year={2016}, month={May}, pages={192–217} }
 @inbook{boys_blank_2016, place={Philadelphia, PA}, title={The Evolution of Local Foods: A Retrospective and Prospective Consideration}, booktitle={The Meaning of Local Foods: A Food Marketing Management Perspective}, publisher={The Institute of Food Product Marketing}, author={Boys, K.A. and Blank, S.}, editor={Lang, M. and Stanton, J.Editors}, year={2016} }
 @article{espey_boys_2015, title={ALIGNMENT OF EFFORT: RECRUITMENT INTO UNDERGRADUATE AGRICULTURAL AND APPLIED ECONOMICS PROGRAMS}, volume={47}, ISSN={1074-0708 2056-7405}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/AAE.2015.15}, DOI={10.1017/AAE.2015.15}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics}, publisher={Cambridge University Press (CUP)}, author={Espey, Molly and Boys, Kathryn A.}, year={2015}, month={Jul}, pages={382–410} }
 @article{boys_ollinger_geyer_2015, title={The Food Safety Modernization Act: Implications for U.S. Small Scale Farms}, volume={41}, ISSN={0098-8588 2375-835X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0098858815591524}, DOI={10.1177/0098858815591524}, abstractNote={The Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) reforms law governing the safety of human and animal foods produced for consumption in the United States. Recognizing the challenges that the proposed regulations would impose on small farms, Congress included an amendment to exempt small farms from the full scope of FSMA requirements. This special treatment and other issues left unaddressed by FSMA, however, present challenges for buyers of small farm products and is inducing a private sector response to these regulatory gaps. This Article reviews the current treatment of small farms under FSMA and explores some key impacts and implications of FSMA on these organizations. Particular consideration is given to the unintended consequences of the Tester-Hagan Amendment and the unaddressed issue of liability for foodborne illness.}, number={2-3}, journal={American Journal of Law & Medicine}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Boys, Kathryn A. and Ollinger, Michael and Geyer, Leon L.}, year={2015}, month={May}, pages={395–405} }
 @article{hughes_boys_2015, title={What We Know and Don’t Know About the Economic Development Benefits of Local Food Systems}, volume={30}, url={https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/199293}, number={1}, journal={Choices}, author={Hughes, D. and Boys, K.A.}, year={2015}, pages={1–6} }
 @article{boys_wilcock_2014, title={Improving integration of human resources into quality management system standards}, volume={31}, ISSN={0265-671X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/IJQRM-07-2012-0107}, DOI={10.1108/IJQRM-07-2012-0107}, abstractNote={Purpose– Little attention has been paid to how quality management systems (QMSs) are optimized by supportive employee behavior. The purpose of this paper is to provide a critical review of the literature on the inclusion of human factors in the ISO 9000 family of standards, identify deficiencies in the standard's current treatment of these issues, and offer recommendations on how human resources (HRs) can be better integrated into these business management standards.}, number={7}, journal={International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management}, publisher={Emerald}, author={Boys, Kathryn A. and Wilcock, Anne E.}, year={2014}, month={Jul}, pages={738–750} }
 @article{hughes_crissy_boys_2014, title={Limehouse Produce: A Unique Wholesaler of Locally Sourced Produce}, volume={45}, url={https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/190896}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Food Distribution Research}, author={Hughes, D. and Crissy, H. and Boys, K.A.}, year={2014}, pages={58–67} }
 @article{wilcock_boys_2014, title={Reduce product counterfeiting: An integrated approach}, volume={57}, ISSN={0007-6813}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2013.12.001}, DOI={10.1016/j.bushor.2013.12.001}, abstractNote={There is substantial interconnection between the reduction of product counterfeiting and quality management. This article seeks to demonstrate how integrating anti-counterfeiting initiatives into quality management strategies can reduce risk in the supply chain. We explore issues pertaining to product counterfeiting, the practical application and constraints of anti-counterfeiting initiatives within the supply chain, and the intersection of anti-counterfeiting initiatives with quality management programs. Gaps in current management strategies to address these issues are identified, and a potential remedy to address these deficiencies is proposed. Practical suggestions regarding the application of quality principles to offset counterfeiting should reduce risk in the supply chain.}, number={2}, journal={Business Horizons}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Wilcock, Anne E. and Boys, Kathryn A.}, year={2014}, month={Mar}, pages={279–288} }
 @article{boys_hughes_2013, title={A Regional Economics–Based Research Agenda for Local Food Systems}, volume={9}, ISSN={2152-0801}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.5304/jafscd.2013.034.012}, DOI={10.5304/jafscd.2013.034.012}, abstractNote={The purported benefits of local food systems (LFSs) are extensive and diverse. While a growing general literature has considered various aspects of these systems, this set of issues has not been broadly considered from the perspective of regional economics — a field that is uniquely suited to assess local food systems and the policies that affect them. This commentary attempts to narrow this gap. Research topics are considered that would allow for improved examination of the extent to which LFS directly and indirectly engender local economic growth. Also incorporated are research ideas concerning how to determine the distribution of benefits (socially, across income class, and geographically). In this regard, suggestions are also made concerning how to remove some of the limitations found in current analytical approaches.}, journal={Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development}, publisher={Lyson Center for Civic Agriculture and Food Systems}, author={Boys, Kathryn and Hughes, David}, year={2013}, month={Sep}, pages={1–6} }
 @article{boys_willis_carpio_2013, title={Consumer willingness to pay for organic and locally grown produce on Dominica: insights into the potential for an “Organic Island”}, volume={16}, ISSN={1387-585X 1573-2975}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10668-013-9496-3}, DOI={10.1007/s10668-013-9496-3}, abstractNote={With the intent of improving agricultural revenues and solidifying her place as an ecotourism destination, it has been proposed that the island nation of The Commonwealth of Dominica convert all agriculture to organic production. This study explores Dominica’s current and potential domestic demand for organic and/or “locally grown” produce. Surveys were conducted with Dominican consumers to assess their opinions and willingness to pay for these products, and evaluated using a maximum likelihood estimation procedure. On average, Dominican consumers are willing to pay 17.5 % more for organic, and 12 % more for locally grown, produce. These results were varied significantly across demographic segments of the sampled population, respondent tastes and preferences, the health status of their family, and the extent to which they were early adopters of new products. Despite several expected challenges of a successful transition to organic, implementation of this policy may offer a net positive welfare increase for Dominica’s permanent residents. Results from this analysis suggest that, from the perspective of domestic consumers, Dominica should continue to pursue the possibility of becoming an “Organic Island.”}, number={3}, journal={Environment, Development and Sustainability}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Boys, Kathryn A. and Willis, David B. and Carpio, Carlos E.}, year={2013}, month={Nov}, pages={595–617} }
 @article{boys_2013, title={Food Product Liability Insurance: Implications for the Marketing of Specialty Crops}, volume={28}, url={https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/161457}, number={4}, journal={Choices}, author={Boys, K.A.}, year={2013}, pages={1–5} }
 @article{grant_boys_2011, title={Agricultural Trade and the GATT/WTO: Does Membership Make a Difference?}, volume={94}, ISSN={0002-9092 1467-8276}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajae/aar087}, DOI={10.1093/ajae/aar087}, abstractNote={Recent empirical studies have estimated the trade flow effect of membership in the World Trade Organization (WTO) and its predecessor, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). One important, although largely untested, conclusion from this literature is that the GATT/WTO works well if we ignore trade in agriculture ‐ one of the institutions seemingly apparent failures. This article investigates this conclusion using a large panel of agricultural and non‐agricultural trade flows. The results are impressive: the multilateral institution has delivered significant positive effects on members agricultural trade despite its sensitive nature and the reluctance of members to undertake serious reform. These findings are robust to various slices of the data and recent advances in the specification and estimation of the gravity equation to account for sample selection issues and the extensive margin of trade.}, number={1}, journal={American Journal of Agricultural Economics}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Grant, J. H. and Boys, K. A.}, year={2011}, month={Nov}, pages={1–24} }
 @article{grant_boys_2011, title={On the Road to Doha: How the WTO has Liberalized Agricultural Trade}, url={https://foreignpolicy.com/2011/04/18/on-the-road-to-doha/}, journal={Foreign Policy (The Global Magazine of News and Ideas)}, author={Grant, J.H. and Boys, K.A.}, year={2011}, month={Apr} }
 @article{moussa_lowenberg-deboer_fulton_boys_2011, title={The economic impact of cowpea research in West and Central Africa: A regional impact assessment of improved cowpea storage technologies}, volume={47}, ISSN={0022-474X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jspr.2011.02.001}, DOI={10.1016/j.jspr.2011.02.001}, abstractNote={Researchers from the Bean/Cowpea Collaborative Research Support Program (CRSP), a program supported by the USAID, developed several non-chemical cowpea grain storage technologies in the 1980s. These included hermetic storage in airtight containers, improved ash storage, and the solar heater. Impact studies conducted at the country level showed that the research program was economically a good investment. As the CRSP new storage technologies spread throughout West and Central Africa, a regional assessment including spillover effects became necessary to fully comprehend the impact and guide future research investments. Therefore, this study sought to measure the economic impact of the new CRSP cowpea storage technologies at a regional level. Surveys in seven countries were used to estimate storage technology adoption. Economic surplus was used to estimate annual benefits and internal rate of return (IRR), and net present value (NPV) were calculated to summarize the net benefits. From the perspective of recipients' countries the project was a good investment. The IRR, is found to be much greater than the cost of capital. The regional IRR was found to be about 29%, much higher than the real interest rate on government bonds in West Africa at the time. For example the real interest rate on bonds issued by the government of Ghana in 2004 and 2005 was 8.9% and 5.4% respectively. The IRR is also higher than the private bank real lending rates in West Africa. From the perspective of the principal donor, the US government, the project was a good investment given that the average real interest rate on US government's bonds was 4.8% during the period. The net present value of the investment amounts to more than 295 million US dollars which yields an annualized value of about 17 million.}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Stored Products Research}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Moussa, B. and Lowenberg-DeBoer, J. and Fulton, J. and Boys, K.}, year={2011}, month={Jul}, pages={147–156} }
 @article{boys_li_preckel_schinckel_foster_2007, title={Economic Replacement of a Heterogeneous Herd}, volume={89}, ISSN={0002-9092 1467-8276}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8276.2007.00960.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1467-8276.2007.00960.x}, abstractNote={A model was developed to determine the optimal slaughter weights of pigs with heterogeneous growth raised in a 1,000 head barn and marketed in truckload groups. Under commonly used revenue schemes, which include discounts for weight and leanness, the optimal strategy was to market one or two truckloads of the heaviest animals, to wait several days, and then to market the rest of the herd. This multiple marketing strategy allows the producer to avoid some sort losses for heavy animals, but only modestly extends the grow/finish period, reflecting the dominance of the opportunity cost of facilities in the herd replacement decision.}, number={1}, journal={American Journal of Agricultural Economics}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Boys, Kathryn A. and Li, Ning and Preckel, Paul V. and Schinckel, Allan P. and Foster, Kenneth A.}, year={2007}, month={Feb}, pages={24–35} }
 @article{boys_faye_fulton_lowenberg-deboer_2007, title={The economic impact of cowpea research in Senegal: an ex-post analysis with disadoption}, volume={36}, ISSN={0169-5150 1574-0862}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-0862.2007.00213.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1574-0862.2007.00213.x}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={3}, journal={Agricultural Economics}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Boys, K. and Faye, M. and Fulton, J. and Lowenberg-DeBoer, J.}, year={2007}, month={May}, pages={363–375} }
 @article{wilcock_karapetrovic_boys_piche_2006, title={Use of ISO 9004:2000 and other business excellence tools in Canada}, volume={23}, ISSN={0265-671X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02656710610679833}, DOI={10.1108/02656710610679833}, abstractNote={PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the use of business excellence tools, particularly the extent of adoption of the ISO 9004:2000 guideline and respondents' perceptions of its usefulness.}, number={7}, journal={International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management}, publisher={Emerald}, author={Wilcock, A. and Karapetrovic, S. and Boys, K. and Piche, P.}, year={2006}, month={Aug}, pages={828–846} }
 @article{boys_wilcock_karapetrovic_aung_2005, title={Evolution towards excellence: use of business excellence programs by Canadian organizations}, volume={9}, ISSN={1368-3047}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13683040510634790}, DOI={10.1108/13683040510634790}, abstractNote={PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explore the broad issues related to business excellence and the application of such programs.}, number={4}, journal={Measuring Business Excellence}, publisher={Emerald}, author={Boys, Kathryn and Wilcock, Anne and Karapetrovic, Stanislav and Aung, May}, year={2005}, month={Dec}, pages={4–15} }
 @article{boys_karapetrovic_wilcock_2004, title={Is ISO 9004 a path to business excellence?}, volume={21}, ISSN={0265-671X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02656710410551737}, DOI={10.1108/02656710410551737}, abstractNote={ISO 9001 and ISO 9004 were created as a “consistent pair” of standards so that businesses that wanted to exceed the requirements of 9001 could use the principles of 9004 to move towards business excellence. In this paper, opinions from Canadian quality standardization experts were used to explore the needs of business against what is offered by ISO 9004 and to assist in the comparison of ISO 9004 with common business excellence models. The ISO 9004 (2000) document was perceived as needed, and as holding great potential. Suggestions for realizing that potential ranged from the inclusion of more guidance on specific business processes (for example complaints handling) to the incorporation of material that links ISO 9004 with industry‐specific standards, awards and/or general business programs. With modification, the document was seen as being able to make a valuable contribution to an organization's business excellence strategy. Without some form of recognition and/or award as offered by other business excellence models, however, the amount of usage ISO 9004 will receive is questionable.}, number={8}, journal={International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management}, publisher={Emerald}, author={Boys, Kathryn and Karapetrovic, Stanislav and Wilcock, Anne}, year={2004}, month={Oct}, pages={841–860} }