@article{ma_suiter_chen_niu_2019, title={Estimation of Lower Developmental Threshold and Degree Days for Pupal Development of Different Geographical Populations of Chinese Citrus Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) in China}, volume={112}, ISSN={["1938-291X"]}, DOI={10.1093/jee/toz040}, abstractNote={The lower developmental threshold (LDT) and the number of developmental degree days (DDs) are fundamental parameters used to build phenology models that can be used to predict the timing of biological events during insect development. The Chinese citrus fly, Bactrocera minax (Enderlein) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is one of the most destructive citrus pest in China and Bhutan. This species overwinters as diapausing pupae in the soil before emerging as adults in the spring. In this study, B. minax collected from three representative geographical populations in China (Guizhou, Hubei, and Shaanxi) was used to conduct LDT experiments under laboratory conditions. Emergence data collected from pupae exposed to 10 constant temperatures was used to estimate the LDT and DDs required to complete pupal development for the three populations. The results show that LDT and DDs values for the Hubei and Shaanxi population are 11.9°C, 447.3 DDs and 11.5°C, 511.3 DDs, respectively. However, the geographic variation in pupal developmental rates was not statistically significant between the two populations. In addition, the Guizhou population was identified as a mixture of B. minax and B. tsuneonis (Miyake). The LDT and DDs values for the Hubei and Shaanxi populations obtained in this study can be used to predict adult emergence of naturally occurring field populations of B. minax within the majority of the citrus-growing production areas of China. These data can also be used in models to predict the risk of establishment of this species in the United States or other citrus-growing regions.}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY}, author={Ma, X. L. and Suiter, K. A. and Chen, Z. Z. and Niu, C. Y.}, year={2019}, month={Jun}, pages={1162–1166} }
 @article{parker_saunders_bontrager_weitz_hendricks_magarey_suiter_gilbert_2015, title={Phylogenetic structure and host abundance drive disease pressure in communities}, volume={520}, ISSN={["1476-4687"]}, DOI={10.1038/nature14372}, abstractNote={Rare species may have an advantage in a community by suffering less from disease; here it is shown that, because pathogens are shared among species, it is not just the abundance of a particular species but the structure of the whole community that affects exposure to disease. One advantage that rare species have in a community is that they may suffer less from disease — and pathogen pressure increases as a host species becomes more abundant. In a study of a Californian grassland habitat, Ingrid Parker et al. demonstrate that the structure of the whole community also influences exposure to disease. They show that plants suffer more disease when they have evolutionarily close species around them, reflecting the fact that many pathogens can attack several species, and as they move from host to host they tend to favour species that are closely related. The authors develop a model to predict the incidence of disease in different species of plants in natural communities, and successfully predict the degree of disease pressure on newly introduced plant species. They also show that this phylogenetically distant species advantage might contribute to the invasiveness of introduced species. Pathogens play an important part in shaping the structure and dynamics of natural communities, because species are not affected by them equally1,2. A shared goal of ecology and epidemiology is to predict when a species is most vulnerable to disease. A leading hypothesis asserts that the impact of disease should increase with host abundance, producing a ‘rare-species advantage’3,4,5. However, the impact of a pathogen may be decoupled from host abundance, because most pathogens infect more than one species, leading to pathogen spillover onto closely related species6,7. Here we show that the phylogenetic and ecological structure of the surrounding community can be important predictors of disease pressure. We found that the amount of tissue lost to disease increased with the relative abundance of a species across a grassland plant community, and that this rare-species advantage had an additional phylogenetic component: disease pressure was stronger on species with many close relatives. We used a global model of pathogen sharing as a function of relatedness between hosts, which provided a robust predictor of relative disease pressure at the local scale. In our grassland, the total amount of disease was most accurately explained not by the abundance of the focal host alone, but by the abundance of all species in the community weighted by their phylogenetic distance to the host. Furthermore, the model strongly predicted observed disease pressure for 44 novel host species we introduced experimentally to our study site, providing evidence for a mechanism to explain why phylogenetically rare species are more likely to become invasive when introduced8,9. Our results demonstrate how the phylogenetic and ecological structure of communities can have a key role in disease dynamics, with implications for the maintenance of biodiversity, biotic resistance against introduced weeds, and the success of managed plants in agriculture and forestry.}, number={7548}, journal={NATURE}, author={Parker, Ingrid M. and Saunders, Megan and Bontrager, Megan and Weitz, Andrew P. and Hendricks, Rebecca and Magarey, Roger and Suiter, Karl and Gilbert, Gregory S.}, year={2015}, month={Apr}, pages={542-+} }
 @article{gilbert_magarey_suiter_webb_2012, title={Evolutionary tools for phytosanitary risk analysis: phylogenetic signal as a predictor of host range of plant pests and pathogens}, volume={5}, ISSN={["1752-4571"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1752-4571.2012.00265.x}, abstractNote={AbstractAssessing risk from a novel pest or pathogen requires knowing which local plant species are susceptible. Empirical data on the local host range of novel pests are usually lacking, but we know that some pests are more likely to attack closely related plant species than species separated by greater evolutionary distance. We use the Global Pest and Disease Database, an internal database maintained by the United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service – Plant Protection and Quarantine Division (USDA APHIS‐PPQ), to evaluate the strength of the phylogenetic signal in host range for nine major groups of plant pests and pathogens. Eight of nine groups showed significant phylogenetic signal in host range. Additionally, pests and pathogens with more known hosts attacked a phylogenetically broader range of hosts. This suggests that easily obtained data – the number of known hosts and the phylogenetic distance between known hosts and other species of interest – can be used to predict which plant species are likely to be susceptible to a particular pest. This can facilitate rapid assessment of risk from novel pests and pathogens when empirical host range data are not yet available and guide efficient collection of empirical data for risk evaluation.}, number={8}, journal={EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS}, author={Gilbert, Gregory S. and Magarey, Roger and Suiter, Karl and Webb, Campbell O.}, year={2012}, month={Dec}, pages={869–878} }
 @article{suiter_gould_1994, title={PHYSIOLOGICAL RESISTANCE AND BEHAVIORAL AVOIDANCE RESPONSES TO RESIDUES OF 4 PESTICIDES BY 6 SPIDER-MITE POPULATIONS}, volume={71}, ISSN={["1570-7458"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1570-7458.1994.tb01764.x}, abstractNote={AbstractSix twospotted spider mite populations were assayed for their levels of physiological resistance and behavioral avoidance to residues of four synthetic pesticides. Mortality could not be estimated for bifenthrin and fenvalerate (synthetic pyrethroids) as mites effectively avoided treated surfaces, however significant between‐population differences in mortality were detected for chlordimeform and cyhexatin. Considerable variation in walkoff and spindown behavioral response to sub‐lethal doses of pesticides was observed among populations within compounds, and within populations among compounds. Within‐compound walkoff and spindown behavioral response varied among all mite populations. Few significant between‐compound correlations were significant, indicating that spider mites responded differently to the four pesticides. The hypothesis that physiological resistance is negatively correlated with behavioral avoidance was tested. Of the four possible negative correlations between physiological resistance and behavioral avoidance for chlordimeform and cyhexatin, only the correlation between cyhexatin‐induced mortality and spindown response was significant. Comparisons of physiological resistance and behavioral avoidance of chlordimeform and cyhexatin by specific pairs of populations did not consistently find these two characters to be related. In a related experiment, the magnitude and direction of the correlation between physiological resistance and behavioral avoidance following selection for increased physiological tolerance to cyhexatin was compared in a highly resistant and a susceptible population of the twospotted spider mite. Mortality in the susceptible population at 2 ppm cyhexatin was similar to mortality in the resistant population at 250 ppm after 72 h exposure (ca. 12%). However, at these concentrations, the resistant population exhibited much higher avoidance of the compound through walkoff response.}, number={1}, journal={ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA}, author={SUITER, KA and GOULD, F}, year={1994}, month={Apr}, pages={1–14} }
 @article{suiter_gould_1992, title={EFFECTS OF MATING STATUS AND AGE ON DISPERSAL BEHAVIOR IN THE 2-SPOTTED SPIDER-MITE, TETRANYCHUS-URTICAE IN RESPONSE TO FENVALERATE-TREATED LEAF SURFACES}, volume={62}, ISSN={["0013-8703"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1570-7458.1992.tb00634.x}, abstractNote={AbstractEffects of variation in age and mating status on dispersal of the twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), from fenvalerate‐treated leaf surfaces were investigated. Unmated and mated female mites, 1 to 6 days in age, were scored for walkoff and spindown dispersal response on bean leaves treated with a sub‐lethal, residual dose of fenvalerate. Variation in mite age did not have a pronounced effect on dispersal response. Significant differences in dispersal response due to mating type were observed, yet the mean differences in dispersal response between unmated and mated females was generally small. Our data suggest that the current practice of using mated female mites of unknown age when testing for among‐population differences in dispersal response, in most cases, provides an adequate estimate of population response when differences among treatments in dispersal response are large. However, when testing for within‐population differences in dispersal response, small treatment effects may be more easily measured using a single age class of mites, because this could decrease within‐treatment variance.}, number={1}, journal={ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA}, author={SUITER, KA and GOULD, F}, year={1992}, month={Jan}, pages={1–8} }