@article{zhou_beck_hinks_crawford_blake_2016, title={Advancing the Forensic Analysis of Dyed Fibers by Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry}, volume={3}, ISSN={["2330-5517"]}, DOI={10.14504/ajr.3.2.4}, abstractNote={Dyed fibers are commonly obtained as trace evidence at crime scenes. Time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF MS) has potential to substantially advance forensic dyed fiber analysis by providing “exact mass” data of dyes and other chemicals present in dyed fibers. Data from two approaches to using TOF MS for accurately identifying the molecular formula of dyes are reported. One involves extraction of dye from 100 μg or less of fiber followed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-TOF MS) analysis. The other is time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometric (TOF SIMS) analysis of the surface and cross sections of dyed fibers without extraction. Both approaches can clearly identify commercially important dyes applied to polyester fibers. Key Terms Acid Dyes, Disperse Dyes, Forensics, HPLC, Mass Spectrometry, Polyester, SIMS, TOF}, number={2}, journal={AATCC JOURNAL OF RESEARCH}, author={Zhou, Chuanzhen and Beck, Keith R. and Hinks, David and Crawford, Anne and Blake, Samantha}, year={2016}, pages={25–32} }
 @misc{hubbe_beck_o'neal_sharma_2012, title={Cellulosic substrates for removal of pollutants from aqueous systems: A review. 2. dyes}, volume={7}, DOI={10.15376/biores.7.2.2592-2687}, abstractNote={Dyes used in the coloration of textiles, paper, and other products are highly visible, sometimes toxic, and sometimes resistant to biological breakdown; thus it is important to minimize their release into aqueous environments. This review article considers how biosorption of dyes onto cellulose-related materials has the potential to address such concerns. Numerous publications have described how a variety of biomass-derived substrates can be used to absorb different classes of dyestuff from dilute aqueous solutions. Progress also has been achieved in understanding the thermodynamics, kinetics, and chemical factors that control the uptake of dyes. Important questions remain to be more fully investigated, such as those involving the full life-cycle of cellulosic substrates that are used for the collection of dyes. Also, more work needs to be done in order to establish whether biosorption should be implemented as a separate unit operation, or whether it ought to be integrated with other water treatment technologies, including the enzymatic breakdown of chromophores.}, number={2}, journal={BioResources}, author={Hubbe, M. A. and Beck, K. R. and O'Neal, W. G. and Sharma, Y. C.}, year={2012}, pages={2592-} }
 @article{beck_hinks_crawford_weisner_2012, title={Liquid chromatographic and mass spectrometric analysis of dyes for forensic purposes}, volume={12}, number={1}, journal={AATCC Review}, author={Beck, K. R. and Hinks, D. and Crawford, A. and Weisner, N.}, year={2012}, pages={60–65} }
 @article{zhou_li_garcia_crawford_beck_hinks_griffis_2012, title={Time-of-Flight-Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Method Development for High-Sensitivity Analysis of Acid Dyes in Nylon Fibers}, volume={84}, ISSN={["1520-6882"]}, DOI={10.1021/ac3025569}, abstractNote={A minimally destructive technique for the determination of dyes in finished fibers provides an important tool for crime scene and other forensic investigations. The analytical power and the minimal sample consumption of time-of-flight-secondary ion mass spectrometric (TOF-SIMS) analysis provides the ability to obtain definitive molecular and elemental information relevant to fiber identification, including identification of dyes, from a very small volume of sample. For both fiber surface analysis and, with the aid of cryomicrotomy, fiber cross-section analysis, TOF-SIMS was used to identify various dyes in finished textile fibers. The analysis of C.I. Acid Blue 25 in nylon is presented as a representative example. The molecular ion of C.I. Acid Blue 25 with lower than 3% on weight-of-fiber (owf) dye loading cannot be identified on dyed nylon surfaces by TOF-SIMS using a Bi(3)(+) primary ion beam. Sputtering with C(60)(+) provided the ability to remove surface contamination as well as at least partially remove Bi-induced damage, resulting in a greatly improved signal-to-noise ratio for the Acid Blue 25 molecular ion. The use of C(60)(+) for damage removal in a cyclic manner along with Bi for data acquisition provided the ability to unambiguously identify Acid Blue 25 via its molecular ion at a concentration of 0.1% owf from both fiber surfaces and cross sections.}, number={22}, journal={ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY}, author={Zhou, Chuanzhen and Li, Min and Garcia, Roberto and Crawford, Anne and Beck, Keith and Hinks, David and Griffis, Dieter P.}, year={2012}, month={Nov}, pages={10085–10090} }
 @article{bradham_beck_thompson_barker_montero_deaton_2011, title={Analytical techniques for measuring toxic industrial chemicals in CBRN boot materials}, volume={11}, number={6}, journal={AATCC Review}, author={Bradham, A. E. and Beck, K. R. and Thompson, D. B. and Barker, R. L. and Montero, G. A. and Deaton, A. S.}, year={2011}, pages={67–72} }
 @article{blake_walker_muddiman_hinks_beck_2011, title={Spectral Accuracy and Sulfur Counting Capabilities of the LTQ-FT-ICR and the LTQ-Orbitrap XL for Small Molecule Analysis}, volume={22}, ISSN={["1044-0305"]}, DOI={10.1007/s13361-011-0244-3}, abstractNote={Color Index Disperse Yellow 42 (DY42), a high-volume disperse dye for polyester, was used to compare the capabilities of the LTQ-Orbitrap XL and the LTQ-FT-ICR with respect to mass measurement accuracy (MMA), spectral accuracy, and sulfur counting. The results of this research will be used in the construction of a dye database for forensic purposes; the additional spectral information will increase the confidence in the identification of unknown dyes found in fibers at crime scenes. Initial LTQ-Orbitrap XL data showed MMAs greater than 3 ppm and poor spectral accuracy. Modification of several Orbitrap installation parameters (e.g., deflector voltage) resulted in a significant improvement of the data. The LTQ-FT-ICR and LTQ-Orbitrap XL (after installation parameters were modified) exhibited MMA ≤ 3 ppm, good spectral accuracy (χ(2) values for the isotopic distribution ≤ 2), and were correctly able to ascertain the number of sulfur atoms in the compound at all resolving powers investigated for AGC targets of 5.00 × 10(5) and 1.00 × 10(6).}, number={12}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY}, author={Blake, Samantha L. and Walker, S. Hunter and Muddiman, David C. and Hinks, David and Beck, Keith R.}, year={2011}, month={Dec}, pages={2269–2275} }
 @article{datla_beck_shim_pourdeyhimi_2010, title={Reverse Phase HPLC Analysis of Commercial Surfactants used as Melt Additives}, volume={47}, ISSN={["0932-3414"]}, DOI={10.3139/113.110063}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={3}, journal={TENSIDE SURFACTANTS DETERGENTS}, author={Datla, V. M. and Beck, K. and Shim, E. and Pourdeyhimi, B.}, year={2010}, pages={142–150} }
 @article{rodgers_beck_2009, title={NIR Characterization and Measurement of the Cotton Content of Dyed Blend Fabrics}, volume={79}, ISSN={["1746-7748"]}, DOI={10.1177/0040517508090884}, abstractNote={ Near infrared (NIR) techniques for the measurement of cotton-polyester (PET) blend content have concentrated on yarn slivers and greige fabrics rather than the more difficult application to dyed or printed fabrics. The need for a robust and rapid measurement of the fiber content in dyed cotton-PET fabrics has been expressed by several organizations. Investigations were initiated to develop NIR techniques to measure the cotton content of dyed blend fabrics. NIR measurements were made on dyed or pigmented cotton-PET fabrics that comprised a wide range of cotton content, fabric parameters, and patterns/colors. The samples were analyzed on two NIR instruments at two locations with various reflectance NIR sampling systems. Significant spectral differences were observed for 100% cotton and 100% PET samples, and these spectral differences carried over to the dyed cotton-PET samples with changing cotton content. The impacts of significant differences in baseline were minimized with the use of advanced chemometric normalization techniques. Rapid (less than 5 minutes) and accurate NIR measurements of the blend content in dyed cotton-PET fabrics were developed, with a NIRlaboratory method agreement normally within ± 3.0% cotton for nearly 90% and higher of the validation samples. }, number={8}, journal={TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL}, author={Rodgers, James and Beck, Keith}, year={2009}, month={May}, pages={675–686} }
 @article{beck_salley_2008, title={Advances in HPLC analysis of reactive dyes}, volume={8}, number={8}, journal={AATCC Review}, author={Beck, K. R. and Salley, C. T.}, year={2008}, pages={44–48} }
 @article{beck_2006, title={Knob-twiddling to answer questions about textile wet processing chemicals and processes}, volume={6}, number={12}, journal={AATCC Review}, author={Beck, K. R.}, year={2006}, pages={35–39} }
 @article{beck_draper_smith_hauser_2003, title={Characterization of the dyeing behavior of cationic cotton using direct dyes}, volume={3}, number={8}, journal={AATCC Review}, author={Beck, K. R. and Draper, S. L. and Smith, C. B. and Hauser, P. J.}, year={2003}, pages={51–55} }
 @article{draper_beck_smith_hauser_2003, title={Characterization of the dyeing behavior of cationic cotton with acid dyes}, volume={3}, number={8}, journal={AATCC Review}, author={Draper, S. L. and Beck, K. R. and Smith, C. B. and Hauser, P. J.}, year={2003}, pages={51–55} }
 @article{beck_2003, title={Dyebath monitoring}, volume={3}, number={8}, journal={AATCC Review}, author={Beck, K. R.}, year={2003}, pages={13-} }
 @article{draper_beck_smith_hauser_2002, title={Characterization of the dyeing behavior of cationic cotton with direct dyes}, volume={2}, number={10}, journal={AATCC Review}, author={Draper, S. L. and Beck, K. R. and Smith, C. B. and Hauser, P. J.}, year={2002}, pages={24–27} }
 @inproceedings{beck_draper_smith_2001, title={Characterization of the dyeing behavior of cationic cotton with direct dye}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Annual International Conference & Exhibition of the American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists}, author={Beck, K.R. and Draper, S.L. and Smith, C. B.}, year={2001} }
 @article{wentz_beck_monfalcone_slivensky_2001, title={Colorfastness of fabrics cleaned in liquid carbon dioxide}, volume={1}, number={5}, journal={AATCC Review}, author={Wentz, M. and Beck, K. R. and Monfalcone, V. A. and Slivensky, R. D.}, year={2001}, pages={25–30} }
 @article{merritt_beck_smith_hauser_jasper_2001, title={Determination of indigo in dyebaths by flow injection analysis and redox titrations}, volume={1}, number={4}, journal={AATCC Review}, author={Merritt, J. T. and Beck, K. R. and Smith, C. B. and Hauser, P. J. and Jasper, W. J.}, year={2001}, pages={41–45} }
 @article{draper_beck_smith_2001, title={On-line dyebath monitoring by sequential injection analysis}, volume={1}, number={1}, journal={AATCC Review}, author={Draper, S. L. and Beck, K. R. and Smith, B.}, year={2001}, pages={24–28} }
 @article{wallace_beck_smith_2000, title={On-line monitoring of reactive batch dyeing exhaustion and hydrolysis by FIA-HPLC}, volume={32}, number={2}, journal={Textile Chemist and Colorist & American Dyestuff Reporter}, author={Wallace, M. L. and Beck, K. R. and Smith, C. B.}, year={2000}, pages={39–42} }
 @article{beck_wallace_smith_2000, title={On-line monitoring of reactive batch dyeing exhaustion and hydrolysis by FIA/HPLC}, volume={32}, number={2}, journal={Textile Chemist and Colorist}, author={Beck, K. R. and Wallace, M. and Smith, C. B.}, year={2000}, pages={39–42} }
 @article{draper_montero_smith_beck_2000, title={Solubility relationships for disperse dyes in supercritical carbon dioxide}, volume={45}, ISSN={["0143-7208"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0143-7208(00)00008-5}, abstractNote={The solubility of ten disperse dyes in supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) was measured using a modified Suprex PrepMaster SFE apparatus and Varian Cary 3E UV–Visible spectrophotometer. These measurements were made over a pressure range of 200–400 atm, at 50–100°C. The results were combined with relevant solubility data from previous studies, and were used to develop correlations between disperse dye structures and SC-CO2 solubility.}, number={3}, journal={DYES AND PIGMENTS}, author={Draper, SL and Montero, GA and Smith, B and Beck, K}, year={2000}, month={Jun}, pages={177–183} }
 @inproceedings{merritt_beck_smith c.b._p._jasper_1999, title={Determination of indigo in dyebaths by flow injection analysis and redox titrations}, booktitle={Book of Papers, American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists. International Conference & Exhibition}, author={Merritt, J.T. and Beck, K.R. and Smith C.B., Hauser and P. and Jasper, W.J.}, year={1999}, pages={505–513} }
 @article{vandelden_beck_smith_1998, title={Flow injection analysis of disperse dyeing of acetate and polyester}, volume={30}, number={5}, journal={Textile Chemist and Colorist}, author={vanDelden, T. and Beck, K. R. and Smith, C. B.}, year={1998}, pages={14–18} }
 @inproceedings{beck_jasper_lee_mcgregor_smith_1998, title={Real-time analysis and control of batch dyeing processes}, booktitle={International Textile Bulletin}, author={Beck, K.R. and Jasper, W. and Lee, G. and McGregor, P. and Smith, B.}, year={1998}, pages={88–93} }
 @article{snyder_berkstresser_smith_beck_mcgregor_jasper_1997, title={Correlating optical and kinetic deviations from ideality in fiber reactive dye mixtures}, volume={67}, ISSN={["0040-5175"]}, DOI={10.1177/004051759706700804}, abstractNote={ Kinetic and optical behaviors of Cibacron™ Yellow R, Scarlet 2GE, and Blue TRE are studied individually and in mixtures. In mixtures, these dyes deviate from their individual behaviors. A method for determining these deviations and for correlating the optical and kinetic deviations is demonstrated. This method is valuable because it allows the kinetic behavior of dyes in mixtures to be characterized from simple optical measurements. }, number={8}, journal={TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Snyder, W and Berkstresser, G and Smith, B and Beck, K and McGregor, R and Jasper, W}, year={1997}, month={Aug}, pages={571–579} }
 @article{beck_moore_1997, title={Extraction of cotton impurities: Supercritical CO2 vs. Soxhlet/TCE}, volume={29}, number={8}, journal={Textile Chemist and Colorist}, author={Beck, K. R. and Moore, L. G.}, year={1997}, pages={66} }
 @inproceedings{beck_wallace_michele_snyder_delden_smith_tatjana_1996, title={Dye exhaust vs. dye time: An update of flow injection analysis of package dyeing}, booktitle={Yarn dyeing '96: meeting the challenges: AATCC symposium ; April 18 - 19, 1996, Sea Trail Resort, Sunset Beach, North Carolina}, publisher={Research Triangle Park, NC: AATCC}, author={Beck, K.R. and Wallace, M.R. and Michele, R. and Snyder, W.E. and Delden, T. and Smith, C.B. and Tatjana}, year={1996} }
 @inbook{beck_1996, title={Evaluation of DP finishes by chromatographic and spectroscopic methods}, ISBN={9780824794736}, DOI={10.1201/9780203746684-7}, booktitle={Modern textile characterization methods}, publisher={New York: Marcel Dekker}, author={Beck, K.R.}, year={1996} }
 @article{beck_1996, title={ITMA '95: batch dyeing}, volume={28}, number={2}, journal={Textile Chemist and Colorist}, author={Beck, K. R.}, year={1996}, pages={9–11} }
 @inproceedings{beck_moore_1995, title={Extraction of cotton impurities: Supercritical CO2 vs. Soxhlet/TCE}, booktitle={Annual international conference and exhibition of AATCC}, publisher={RTP, N.C.: AATCC}, author={Beck, K.R. and Moore, L.G.}, year={1995} }
 @inproceedings{beck_wallace_berkstresser_smith_1995, title={Flow injection analysis of package dyeing}, booktitle={Yarn dyeing '95: the next generation: AATCC Symposium ; April 27 - 28, 1995, Sheraton Airport Plaza Hotel, Charlotte, North Carolina}, publisher={Research Triangle Park, NC: AATCC}, author={Beck, K.R. and Wallace, M.R. and Berkstresser, G.B., IV and Smith, C.B.}, year={1995} }
 @article{beck_lefeber_hunter_smith_mcgregor_1994, title={Flow injection analysis of dyebaths}, volume={26}, number={5}, journal={Textile Chemist and Colorist}, author={Beck, K. R. and Lefeber, M. and Hunter, W. and Smith, C. B. and McGregor, R.}, year={1994}, pages={30–34} }
 @inproceedings{beck_smith_berkstresser_1994, title={Progress in real-time adaptive control of batch dyeing processes}, booktitle={Book of Papers, American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists. International Conference & Exhibition}, author={Beck, K.R. and Smith, C.B. and Berkstresser, G., IV.}, year={1994} }
 @inproceedings{beck_1993, title={Fiber identification by near infrared spectroscopy}, booktitle={Textile applications of near infrared technology :  AATCC symposium, June 3-4, 1993 Great Smokies Hilton Asheville, North Carolina}, publisher={[U.S.A.]:  American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists}, author={Beck, K.R.}, year={1993} }
 @inproceedings{novel approaches for the real-time prediction of dye components in three dye mixtures_1993, booktitle={Book of papers: 1993 International Conference & Exhibition, October 3-6, 1993, the Queen Elizabeth Hotel, Montreal, Quebec, Canada: host, Quebec Section, Canadian Association of Textile Colourists and Chemists}, publisher={Research Triangle Park, N.C.: American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists}, year={1993} }
 @article{beck_madderra_smith_1991, title={Real-time data acquisition in batch dyeing}, volume={23}, journal={Textile Chemist and Colorist}, author={Beck, K. R. and Madderra, T. A. and Smith, C. B.}, year={1991}, pages={23–27} }
 @article{vail_beck_1990, title={EVALUATION OF SOME SIDE-EFFECTS FROM THE USE OF FORMALDEHYDE SCAVENGERS}, volume={39}, ISSN={["1097-4628"]}, DOI={10.1002/app.1990.070390603}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={6}, journal={JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE}, author={VAIL, SL and BECK, KR}, year={1990}, month={Mar}, pages={1241–1249} }
 @article{beck_smith_madderra_1990, title={Why fiber reactive dyeings sometimes do not repeat: A look at five typical cases}, volume={79}, journal={American Dyestuff Reporter}, author={Beck, K. R. and Smith, C. B. and Madderra, T. A.}, year={1990}, pages={38} }
 @article{beck_pasad_vail_1989, title={SYNTHESIS, ISOLATION, AND CHARACTERIZATION OF N,N'-OXYDIMETHYLENEBISAMIDES}, volume={27}, ISSN={["0887-624X"]}, DOI={10.1002/pola.1989.080270230}, abstractNote={Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer ChemistryVolume 27, Issue 2 p. 725-728 Note Synthesis, isolation, and characterization of N,N′-oxydimethylenebisamides Keith R. Beck, Keith R. Beck Department of Consumer Sciences and Retailing, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907Search for more papers by this authorDilip M. Pasad, Corresponding Author Dilip M. Pasad Department of Consumer Sciences and Retailing, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907Department of Consumer Sciences and Retailing, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907Search for more papers by this authorSidney L. Vail, Sidney L. Vail Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70179Search for more papers by this author Keith R. Beck, Keith R. Beck Department of Consumer Sciences and Retailing, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907Search for more papers by this authorDilip M. Pasad, Corresponding Author Dilip M. Pasad Department of Consumer Sciences and Retailing, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907Department of Consumer Sciences and Retailing, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907Search for more papers by this authorSidney L. Vail, Sidney L. Vail Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70179Search for more papers by this author First published: 30 January 1989 https://doi.org/10.1002/pola.1989.080270230Citations: 1 One of the facilities of the Mid South Area, Agriculture Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat References 1 K. R. Beck, D. M. Pasad, S. L. Vail, and X. Zhou, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 29, 3579 (1984). 2 H. E. Zaugg and W. B. Martin, Org. React., 14, 52 (1965). 3 D. R. Schuerel, U.S. Pat. 3,391,181 (1968). 4 A. Einhorn, E. Bischkopff, and B. Szelinski, Ann., 343, 223 (1905). 5 A. Arbuzova and I. K. Mosevish, Zhur. Obshchei Khim., 31, 3023 (1961). 6 N. O. Brace and G. J. Mantell, J. Org. Chem., 26, 5176 (1961). 7 R. Dowbenko, R. M. Christenson, and A. N. Salem, J. Org. Chem., 28, 3458 (1963). 8 R. Kveton, Coll. Czech. Chem. Commun., 31, 2701 (1966). 9 R. C. Petterson and H. R. Brownell, J. Org. Chem. 25, 843 (1960). 10 S. D. Ross, M. Finkelstein, and R. C. Petersen, J. Org. Chem., 31, 133 (1966). 11 P. O. Tawney et al., J. Org. Chem., 26, 15 (1961). 12 K. W. Ratts and J. P. Chupp, J. Org. Chem., 39, 3745 (1974). 13 H. E. Zaugg, R. W. DeNet, J. E. Fraser, and A. M. Kotre, J. Org. Chem., 34, 14 (1969). 14 G. Zigeuner and W. Hoselmann, Monatsh. Chem., 88, 5 (1957). 15 G. Zigeuner and R. Pitter, Monatsh. Chem., 86, 57 (1955). 16 G. Zigeuner, R. Pitter, and K. Voglar, Monatsh. Chem., 86, 517 (1955). 17 G. Zigeuner, K. Voglar, and R. Pitter, Monatsh. Chem., 85, 1196 (1954). 18 M. T. Beachem et al., J. Org. Chem., 28, 1876 (1963). 19 H. Kadowaki, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 11, 248 (1936); Chem. Abstr., 30, 5944 (1936). 20 W. Y. Lee, Anal. Chem., 44, 1284 (1972). 21 M. Chiavorini, N. Del Fanti, and R. Bigatto, Angew. Makromol. Chem., 46, 151 (1975). 22 J. R. Ebdon and P. E. Heaton, Polymer, 18, 971 (1977). 23 K. Kumlin and R. Simonson, Angew. Makromol. Chem., 68, 175 (1978). 24 I. H. Anderson, M. Cawley, and W. Steedman, Brit. Polym. J., 1, 24 (1969). 25 C. D. Egginton and C. P. Vale, Text. Res. J., 39, 140 (1969). 26 R. Steele, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 4, 45 (1960). 27 B. Tomita and Y. Hirose, J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Chem. Ed., 14, 387 (1976). 28 S. L. Vail, in Cellulose Chemistry and Its Applications T. P. Newell and S. H. Zeronian, Eds., Horwood, Chichester, 1985, pp. 384–422. 29 R. L. Arceneaux and J. D. Reid, Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev., 1, 181 (1962). 30 S. L. Vail and G. B. Verburg, Text. Res. J., 43, 67 (1973). 31 I. H. Anderson, M. Cawley, and W. Steedman, Brit. Polym. J., 3, 86 (1971). 32 S. L. Vail, X. Zhou, K. R. Beck, and D. M. Pasad, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 29, 3569 (1984). Citing Literature Volume27, Issue230 January 1989Pages 725-728 ReferencesRelatedInformation}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART A-POLYMER CHEMISTRY}, author={BECK, KR and PASAD, DM and VAIL, SL}, year={1989}, month={Jan}, pages={725–728} }
 @article{beck_springer_1988, title={Carbon-13 NMR analysis of durable press agents}, volume={20}, journal={Textile Chemist and Colorist}, author={Beck, K. R. and Springer, K. S.}, year={1988}, pages={29–33} }
 @article{beck_springer_wood_wusik_1988, title={GC/MS analysis of durable press agents}, volume={20}, journal={Textile Chemist and Colorist}, author={Beck, K. R. and Springer, K. S. and Wood, K. and Wusik, M.}, year={1988}, pages={35–39} }
 @article{pasad_beck_vail_1987, title={INFLUENCE OF REAGENT RESIDUES AND CATALYSTS ON FORMALDEHYDE RELEASE FROM DMDHEU-TREATED COTTON}, volume={34}, ISSN={["0021-8995"]}, DOI={10.1002/app.1987.070340210}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE}, author={PASAD, DM and BECK, KR and VAIL, SL}, year={1987}, month={Aug}, pages={549–558} }
 @article{abhyankar_beck_ladisch_bertoniere_1987, title={STABILITY OF DMDHEU AND ALKYLATED CROSS-LINKING FINISHES TOWARDS ACIDIC AND ALKALINE-HYDROLYSIS}, volume={57}, ISSN={["1746-7748"]}, DOI={10.1177/004051758705700704}, abstractNote={ Cotton fabrics treated with various alkylated derivatives of DMDHEU were subjected to hydrolysis by urea-phosphoric acid, hot 23% sodium hydroxide, and urea-phosphoric acid followed by sodium hydroxide. Sequential treatment with acid and base removed more nitrogen and formaldehyde than the alkaline treatment, which removed more nitrogen and formaldehyde than the acid treatment. Stability of the crosslinks generated by these resins depended on both the degree of alkylation of DMDHEU and the nature of the alkyl cap. This stability was reflected in greater amounts of residual nitrogen and formaldehyde after hydrolysis. Those residues, in turn, affected the residual break ing strength, flex abrasion resistance, and wrinkle recovery of the hydrolyzed fabrics. The stability of the crosslinks also correlated well with formaldehyde release data for the treated fabrics. }, number={7}, journal={TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL}, author={ABHYANKAR, PN and BECK, KR and LADISCH, CM and BERTONIERE, NR}, year={1987}, month={Jul}, pages={395–400} }
 @article{abhyankar_beck_ladisch_frick_1986, title={EFFECT OF DIFFERENT CATALYSTS ON THE DMDHEU-COTTON CELLULOSE REACTION}, volume={56}, ISSN={["1746-7748"]}, DOI={10.1177/004051758605600904}, abstractNote={ The utility of alkaline hydrolysis as a method for removal of DMDHEU crosslinks from cotton is illustrated in this paper. The method was applied to fabric treated with DMDHEU/MgCl 2 and DMDHEU/MgCl2/citric acid mixed catalyst systems. Removal of the finish was complete as verified by nitrogen and formaldehyde analyses and by wrinkle recovery measurements. Losses in breaking strength and flex abrasion resistance produced in the cotton fabric upon treatment with DMDHEU were almost completely restored by the resin stripping. The DMDHEU/MgCl 2 treatment reduced the dpv (degree of polymerization by viscosity) of cotton by about 24% and DMDHEU/mixed catalyst treatment reduced it by about 18%. }, number={9}, journal={TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL}, author={ABHYANKAR, PN and BECK, KR and LADISCH, CM and FRICK, JG}, year={1986}, month={Sep}, pages={551–555} }
 @article{beck_abhyankar_ladisch_rowland_1986, title={On the hydrolytic removal of crosslinks from cotton fibers}, volume={56}, journal={Textile Research Journal}, author={Beck, K. R. and Abhyankar, P. N. and Ladisch, C. M. and Rowland, S. P.}, year={1986}, pages={401–403} }
 @article{beck_pasad_1986, title={Quantitative analysis of commercial DP finishing agents}, volume={18}, journal={Textile Chemist and Colorist}, author={Beck, K. R. and Pasad, D. M.}, year={1986}, pages={27–32} }
 @article{abhyankar_beck_ladisch_rowland_1985, title={A NEW AND EFFECTIVE METHOD FOR REMOVING DMDHEU CROSSLINKS FROM COTTON}, volume={55}, ISSN={["1746-7748"]}, DOI={10.1177/004051758505500708}, abstractNote={ A new and relatively simple method for removing zinc nitrate-cured DMDHEU crosslinks from cotton cellulose is reported. The method entails boiling the finished fabric in 23% NaOH for 10 minutes. Removal of the finish was verified by nitrogen and formaldehyde analyses and by wrinkle recovery measurements. Little change in viscometric degree of polymerization (dpv), copper number, carboxyl content, breaking strength, and abrasion resistance of an untreated control fabric subjected to alkaline hydrolysis indicated that the stripping method was nondegradative. }, number={7}, journal={TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL}, author={ABHYANKAR, PN and BECK, KR and LADISCH, CM and ROWLAND, SP}, year={1985}, pages={444–448} }
 @article{beck_korsmeyer_kunz_1984, title={AN OVERVIEW OF THE GLASS-TRANSITION TEMPERATURE OF SYNTHETIC-POLYMERS}, volume={61}, ISSN={["0021-9584"]}, DOI={10.1021/ed061p668}, abstractNote={ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAn overview of the glass transition temperature of synthetic polymersKeith R. Beck , Richard Korsmeyer , and Rosemary J. Kunz Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 8, 668Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1984Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 August 1984Published inissue 1 August 1984https://doi.org/10.1021/ed061p668Request reuse permissionsArticle Views725Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (3 MB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts}, number={8}, journal={JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION}, author={BECK, KR and KORSMEYER, R and KUNZ, RJ}, year={1984}, pages={668–670} }
 @article{vail_zhou_beck_pasad_1984, title={FORMALDEHYDE RELEASE FROM A MODEL N-METHYLOL SYSTEM}, volume={29}, ISSN={["0021-8995"]}, DOI={10.1002/app.1984.070291130}, abstractNote={A model N-methylol reactant system based on pyrrolidone derivatives has been used to study the chemical factors that control formaldehyde release. Fabric samples of known composition were prepared from chemically pure reactants and formaldehyde release was determined by the AATCC Sealed Jar Test. This work provides support for prior suggestions and a more direct approach for understanding unexpected results from tests on post-and precure fabrics. In addition, new findings demonstrate that the N-methylol reactant, its byproducts, and pure zinc nitrate are capable of reducing the level of formaldehyde release.}, number={11}, journal={JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE}, author={VAIL, SL and ZHOU, X and BECK, KR and PASAD, DM}, year={1984}, pages={3569–3577} }
 @article{beck_pasad_springer_player_1984, title={High performance liquid chromatographic analysis of durable press finishes}, volume={16}, journal={Textile Chemist and Colorist}, author={Beck, K. R. and Pasad, D. M. and Springer, K. S. and Player, C. M.}, year={1984}, pages={15–18} }
 @article{beck_pasad_vail_zhou_1984, title={REAGENT RESIDUES ON N-METHYLOLPYRROLIDONE-TREATED COTTON}, volume={29}, ISSN={["0021-8995"]}, DOI={10.1002/app.1984.070291131}, abstractNote={Residues remaining after drying and curing cotton fabric with either sodium bisulfate or zinc nitrate and N-methylolpyrrolidone, a monofunctional model durable press agent, have been quantitated by high performance liquid chromatography. The residues were identified as pyrrolidone, N-methylolpyrrolidone, N,N′-methylene-bis-2-pyrrolidone, and N,N′-(oxydimethylene)bis-2-pyrrolidone. The two catalysts fixed approximately the same amount of the N-methylolpyrrolidone to cellulose, but generated different ratios of the extractable residues. A comparison of the levels of these residues that are capable of releasing formaldehyde is given. The dominant residue from the NaHSO4 treatment was N-methylolpyrrolidone, while zinc nitrate generated more N,N′-(oxydimethylene)bis-2-pyrrolidone.}, number={11}, journal={JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE}, author={BECK, KR and PASAD, DM and VAIL, SL and ZHOU, X}, year={1984}, pages={3579–3585} }
 @inproceedings{beck_pasad_springer_player_1983, title={High performance liquid chromatographic analysis of durable press finishes an update}, booktitle={Book of Papers, National Technical Conference, American Association of Textile Chemists}, author={Beck, K.R. and Pasad, D.M. and Springer, K.S. and Player, C.M., Jr.}, year={1983} }
 @article{beck_pasad_1983, title={REAGENT RESIDUES OF DMEU ON COTTON FABRIC AS A FUNCTION OF PAD-BATH PH AND STORAGE PERIOD OF THE TREATED FABRIC}, volume={53}, ISSN={["0040-5175"]}, DOI={10.1177/004051758305300903}, abstractNote={ The effect of pad-bath pH and storage of padded fabric on the stability of DMEU was investigated. In addition to the expected demethylolation products, MMEU and EU, other oligomeric/polymeric materials were generated. Since the latter were not quantifiable by liquid chromatography, they were measured by nitrogen analysis. Some of the oligomeric residues were water soluble and were extracted along with the DMEU, MMEU, and EU, while others were water insoluble and remained on the fabric. When padded from a bath of pH 6-10, DMEU was stable on the fabric for about two days. As pH was decreased from 6 to 3, formation of water-soluble oligomers and water-insoluble polymers increased significantly. At pH 10, even after 15 days, no oligomer/polymer was observed as the total residue was accounted for by the DMEU, MMEU, and EU. Differences between DMEU and DMDHEU under similar pH and storage conditions are discussed. }, number={9}, journal={TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL}, author={BECK, KR and PASAD, DM}, year={1983}, pages={524–529} }
 @article{beck_pasad_1982, title={LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION OF RATE CONSTANTS FOR THE CELLULOSE-DIMETHYLOLDIHYDROXYETHYLENEUREA REACTION}, volume={27}, ISSN={["0021-8995"]}, DOI={10.1002/app.1982.070270403}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE}, author={BECK, KR and PASAD, DM}, year={1982}, pages={1131–1138} }
 @article{beck_pasad_1982, title={THE EFFECT OF PAD-BATH PH AND STORAGE PERIOD ON THE HYDROLYSIS OF DMDHEU}, volume={52}, ISSN={["0040-5175"]}, DOI={10.1177/004051758205200407}, abstractNote={ The effect of pad-bath pH and storage of padded fabric on hydrolysis of DMDHEU has been investigated using aqueous liquid chromatography. The study showed that hydrolysis of DMDHEU during storage of the padded fabric is dependent more on the pH of the pad-bath than on the storage period. The hydrolysis of DMDHEU to MMDHEU is accelerated above pH 6, and at pH 9 subsequent hydrolysis of MMDHEU to DHEU occurs. At pH 10 the rate of hydrolysis of DMDHEU and MMDHEU is very high, relative to the rales at lower pH values, and even DHEU decomposes to unidentified products at this high pH. At pH 3-6 little hydrolysis of DMDHEU on padded fabric is detected, even after 55 days. }, number={4}, journal={TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL}, author={BECK, KR and PASAD, DM}, year={1982}, pages={269–274} }
 @article{beck_1978, title={PHEROMONE CHEMISTRY OF SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE}, volume={55}, ISSN={["0021-9584"]}, DOI={10.1021/ed055p567}, abstractNote={The intent of this article is to discuss recent developments in the chemistry of the aggregation pheromone of the smaller European elm bark beetle with emphasis on information that could be used in the classroom to illustrate practical applications of organic chemistry.}, number={9}, journal={JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION}, author={BECK, K}, year={1978}, pages={567–569} }
 @article{beck_hammen_1978, title={SIMPLE, INEXPENSIVE METHOD FOR INSULATING SMALL CONTAINERS}, volume={55}, ISSN={["0021-9584"]}, DOI={10.1021/ed055p402}, number={6}, journal={JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION}, author={BECK, K and HAMMEN, P}, year={1978}, pages={402–402} }
 @article{hutchison_beck_benkeser_grutzner_1973, title={CONCERNING STRUCTURE OF ALLYLIC GRIGNARD-REAGENTS}, volume={95}, ISSN={["0002-7863"]}, DOI={10.1021/ja00802a031}, abstractNote={ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructure of allylic Grignard reagentsD. A. Hutchison, K. R. Beck, R. A. Benkeser, and J. B. GrutznerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1973, 95, 21, 7075–7082Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1973https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00802a031RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views656Altmetric-Citations63LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (843 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts}, number={21}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY}, author={HUTCHISON, DA and BECK, KR and BENKESER, RA and GRUTZNER, JB}, year={1973}, pages={7075–7082} }
 @article{beck_benkeser_1970, title={A selective exchange of alkyl and chloro groups attached to silicon}, volume={21}, DOI={10.1016/s0022-328x(00)83607-4}, journal={Journal of Organometallic Chemistry}, author={Beck, K. R. and Benkeser, R. A.}, year={1970}, pages={35–37} }