@article{song_kartawira_hillaire_li_eaker_kiani_daniels_dickey_2020, title={Overcoming Rayleigh–Plateau instabilities: Stabilizing and destabilizing liquid-metal streams via electrochemical oxidation}, volume={117}, ISSN={0027-8424 1091-6490}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2006122117}, DOI={10.1073/pnas.2006122117}, abstractNote={Significance Liquid streams emerging from a nozzle break up rapidly into droplets due to Rayleigh–Plateau instabilities driven by surface tension. Liquid metals have enormous surface tension yet can be formed into stable cylindrical streams by applying an oxidizing potential to the metal as it is injected into an electrolyte at low velocities. The interfacial tension of a stream of liquid metal can be manipulated electrochemically in real time to produce a range of morphologies, including droplets, fine (100-μm diameter) wires, and rough shapes. The liquid wires can flow and bend without breaking over long distances. This phenomenon enables new approaches for production of metallic structures at room temperature, on-demand fluid-in-fluid structuring, and new tools for studying and controlling fluid behavior.}, number={32}, journal={Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences}, publisher={Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences}, author={Song, Minyung and Kartawira, Karin and Hillaire, Keith D. and Li, Cheng and Eaker, Collin B. and Kiani, Abolfazl and Daniels, Karen E. and Dickey, Michael D.}, year={2020}, month={Jul}, pages={19026–19032} }