Kenneth Royal

medical education, psychometrics, measurement, veterinary education, higher education, Rasch measurement, testing, assessment, evaluation, psychology, teaching and learning

Works (178)

Updated: December 10th, 2024 23:30

2024 journal article

Development and initial evaluation of a rigid rhinoscopy model as a pedagogic tool in veterinary medicine

FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE, 11.

By: B. Myerow*, J. Pritchard*, K. Kalscheur*, S. Marks n, K. Royal n, N. Thoreson*, N. Pollard*, E. Hawkins n

author keywords: rhinoscopy; model; simulation; pedagogic; training; tool
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
4. Quality Education (OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: September 30, 2024

2024 article

Hurdles of Cataract Surgery: Veterinary Ophthalmology Resident's Perspective (Part B)

Knight, L. T. N., Royal, K. D., & Robertson, J. B. (2023, March 6). JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION, Vol. 3.

By: L. Knight n, K. Royal n & J. Robertson n

author keywords: cataract surgery; veterinary ophthalmology; residents; veterinary education; training; phacoemulsification
TL;DR: There was a significant change in residents' ability to perform all surgical steps except hydrodissection after their first surgical experience, and supervised wet lab time improves a resident's preparedness for executing certain surgical steps. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
4. Quality Education (Web of Science; OpenAlex)
Sources: ORCID, Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: June 19, 2023

2024 journal article

The predictive validity of MCAT scores and undergraduate GPA for COMLEX-USA licensure exam performance of students enrolled in osteopathic medical schools

Journal of Osteopathic Medicine.

By: K. Royal*, C. Meyer*, E. Guercio, M. Speicher, J. Flamini*, J. Sandella*, T. Tsai*, C. Searcy*

Source: ORCID
Added: July 22, 2024

2023 journal article

Can dogs help chickens? Pet owners' willingness to pay for animal welfare-friendly pet food in the United States

ANIMAL WELFARE, 32.

By: H. Pearce, C. Neill*, K. Royal* & M. Pairis-Garcia n

author keywords: animal welfare; animal welfare marketing; farm animal welfare; pet food; pets; willingness-to-pay
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: ORCID, Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: January 31, 2023

2023 article

Training Veterinary Ophthalmology Residents on Cataract Surgery (Part A: Diplomate's Survey)

Knight, L. T. N., & Royal, K. (2023, March 13). JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION, Vol. 3.

By: L. Knight n & K. Royal*

author keywords: cataract surgery; ophthalmology; residents; veterinary education; training; phacoemulsification
TL;DR: There was no difference in the number of diplomates who allowed their residents to perform cataract surgery as the primary surgeon during their second year compared to any other year and support for the creation of an assessment tool to improve surgical competency was provided. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
4. Quality Education (Web of Science)
Sources: ORCID, Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: March 15, 2023

2023 journal article

Veterinary education and experience shape beliefs about dog breeds Part 1: Pain sensitivity

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS, 13(1).

TL;DR: It is suggested that veterinary education and clinical experiences influence pain sensitivity ratings across dog breeds, and veterinary students rated pain sensitivity across breeds of dog more similarly to veterinary faculty and staff. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: January 2, 2024

2023 journal article

Veterinary education and experience shape beliefs about dog breeds. Part 2: Trust

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS, 13(1).

Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: January 2, 2024

2021 article

A Literature Review: Pet Bereavement and Coping Mechanisms

Park, R. M., Royal, K. D., & Gruen, M. E. (2021, June 7). JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL WELFARE SCIENCE, Vol. 6.

By: R. Park n, K. Royal n & M. Gruen n

author keywords: Pet loss; pet grief; coping mechanisms; ambiguous pet loss; disenfranchised grief
MeSH headings : Animals; Bereavement; Grief; Adaptation, Psychological
TL;DR: Overall, this review was able to identify a consensus among the literature that bereaved pet owners are likely to experience disenfranchisement surrounding their loss. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: ORCID, Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: June 8, 2021

2021 journal article

A novel career development course for animal science students pursuing veterinary college admissions

TRANSLATIONAL ANIMAL SCIENCE, 5(3).

By: S. Trivedi n, J. Clark n, D. Deprospero n, K. Royal n & M. See n

author keywords: career development course; pre-professional identity development; pre-veterinary advising; pre-veterinary curriculum; self-efficacy; vicarious experiences
TL;DR: The results of the study showed that students experienced significant gains in self-appraisal, gathering occupational information, and planning and problem-solving as well as experienced a decrease in five misperceptions about veterinary admissions. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: November 8, 2021

2021 journal article

Association between Dog Owner Demographics and Decision to Seek Veterinary Care

VETERINARY SCIENCES, 8(1).

By: R. Park n, M. Gruen n & K. Royal n

author keywords: canine; veterinary care; veterinarian; demographics; client; human animal interactions
TL;DR: Education, outreach and community-based veterinary medicine efforts should allocate resources to underserved communities identified within the context that they are affected by barriers to obtaining veterinary care for their dog(s). (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
16. Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions (OpenAlex)
Sources: ORCID, Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: January 6, 2021

2021 journal article

Effects of gender on income and family planning for diplomates of the American College of Zoological Medicine

JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, 260(2), 251–256.

By: T. Harrison n, S. Morello*, K. Royal n, O. Petritz n & A. Snyder n

TL;DR: Differences in family planning and perceptions of the impact of having children on their careers did exist, and substantial differences in income between female and male ACZM diplomates were not identified. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
4. Quality Education (Web of Science)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: February 7, 2022

2021 article

The Impact of COVID-19 on Pre-Veterinary Opportunities and Recommendations for DVM Admissions

Trivedi, S., Clark, J. C., & Royal, K. D. (2021, May 17). JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION, Vol. 5.

By: S. Trivedi*, J. Clark* & K. Royal*

author keywords: COVID-19 impact on admissions; DVM admissions; pre-professional advising; pre-veterinary; holistic review; experience hours
MeSH headings : Animals; COVID-19 / epidemiology; COVID-19 / veterinary; Education, Veterinary; Humans; Students; Surveys and Questionnaires; Universities
TL;DR: The effects of COVID-19 on the duration, depth, and diversity of experiences gained by future DVM applicants are understood and recommendations for DVM admissions adaptations are provided based on the outcomes of the data. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
4. Quality Education (Web of Science)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: February 14, 2022

2021 article

Veterinary Students' Use of Learning Objectives

Olin, S. J., Springer, C., & Royal, K. (2021, December 20). JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION, Vol. 12.

By: S. Olin, C. Springer & K. Royal*

author keywords: learning objectives; veterinary education; student attitudes; instructional objectives; educational objectives; performance objectives; intended learning outcomes
MeSH headings : Animals; Education, Veterinary; Curriculum
TL;DR: Evaluating how much veterinary students use LO to study, assess student attitudes toward simple and expanded LO, and determine if LO type impacts grade performance found students did not prefer more detailed LO and LO use did not impact grade performance. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
4. Quality Education (Web of Science; OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: January 3, 2022

2021 personal communication

What Matters Most to Residency and Intern Selection Committees in Veterinary Medicine?

Royal, K. D., & Hecker, K. G. (2021, June).

By: K. Royal* & K. Hecker

author keywords: academic affairs; admissions; assessment; continuing education; educational methods; resident; intern education
MeSH headings : Animals; Education, Veterinary; Humans; Internship and Residency; Surgeons; Surveys and Questionnaires; United States
TL;DR: A recent survey of members of residency selection committees found letters of recommendation to be the most important factor when reviewing a resident's application followed by class rank as the second most important factors. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
4. Quality Education (Web of Science)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: July 6, 2021

2020 personal communication

A Call for an AAVMC-Led Employer Survey of Veterinary Medical School Graduates

Royal, K. D., & Hedgpeth, M.-W. (2020, February).

By: K. Royal n & M. Hedgpeth n

Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: March 2, 2020

2020 journal article

A Comparison of Public Perceptions of Physicians and Veterinarians in the United States

VETERINARY SCIENCES, 7(2).

By: A. Kedrowicz n & K. Royal n

author keywords: veterinarians; physicians; public perceptions; veterinary profession
TL;DR: The results of this research show that the public tends to perceive veterinarians more favorably than physicians, while physicians were viewed as more proud, arrogant and overconfident. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: ORCID, Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: April 23, 2020

2020 journal article

A National Survey of Companion Animal Owners’ Self-Reported Methods of Coping Following Euthanasia

Veterinary Sciences.

By: R. Park n & K. Royal n

author keywords: pet bereavement; euthanasia; coping; survey; pet loss; grief; human– animal interactions; companion animal
TL;DR: As a majority of clients that euthanized their companion animal mourn privately, the veterinary community must work towards identifying and providing appropriate, accessible social resources for bereaved companion animal owners to utilize, if desired. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: ORCID
Added: July 8, 2020

2020 journal article

Evaluation of Retention of Veterinary Clinical Pathology Knowledge between Second-Year and Fourth-Year Clinical Pathology Courses

Journal of Veterinary Medical Education, 48(6), 664–669.

By: D. Stowe*, R. Schoenfeld-Tacher, K. Royal* & J. Neel*

Contributors: D. Stowe*, R. Schoenfeld-Tacher, K. Royal* & J. Neel*

author keywords: clinical pathology; retention of knowledge; test/re-test; knowledge decay; retention of information
MeSH headings : Animals; Education, Veterinary; Humans; Learning; Pathology, Clinical; Pathology, Veterinary; Students
TL;DR: It is hypothesized that students will forget a significant amount of content area knowledge between the fourth semester and fourth year in the Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM) program and a review of material during the fourth-year clinical pathology rotation will help students rebuild existing knowledge and increase performance on specific test questions, between T2 (rotation pre-test) and T3 ( rotation post-test). (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
1. No Poverty (OpenAlex)
4. Quality Education (Web of Science)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, ORCID, Crossref
Added: January 3, 2022

2020 journal article

Identifying Barriers to Implementing Pain Management for Piglet Castration: A Focus Group of Swine Veterinarians

Animals, 10(7), 1202.

By: B. Wagner n, K. Royal n, R. Caddiell & M. Pairis-Garcia n

author keywords: pig; piglet; drug; pain mitigation; NSAID
TL;DR: Factors influencing swine veterinarian decision-making in regard to pain management protocols for piglet castration using focus group methodologies are identified and barriers must be addressed to ensure that castration pain can be successfully mitigated on-farm. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
13. Climate Action (Web of Science)
Source: ORCID
Added: July 20, 2020

2020 journal article

Perceptions and attitudes of Small Animal Internal Medicine specialists toward the publication requirement for board certification

JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE, 34(2), 574–580.

By: A. Birkenheuer n, K. Royal n, A. Cerreta n, D. Hemstreet n, K. Lunn n, J. Gookin n, S. McGarvey n

author keywords: board certification; credentials; education; residency training
MeSH headings : Authorship; Certification; Humans; Societies, Scientific / organization & administration; Societies, Scientific / standards; Specialization; Specialty Boards / standards; Veterinary Medicine / organization & administration; Veterinary Medicine / standards
TL;DR: A majority of SAIM Diplomates favored the retention of the publication requirement in some form, and publications submitted for credentialing purposes were cited at rates similar to control articles. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: February 17, 2020

2019 journal article

Comparison of still image quality between traditional 35 mm digital and GoPro cameras in a surgical setting

Journal of Visual Communication in Medicine, 42(3), 114–119.

author keywords: Intraoperative photography; GoPro; novice; expert; image quality; waterproof
MeSH headings : Humans; Intraoperative Period; Operating Rooms; Photography / instrumentation; Surgical Procedures, Operative / methods
TL;DR: It is suggested that GoPro cameras provide lower intraoperative image quality than digital SLR cameras, although lower quality images may be more accepted by novices than by experienced users. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
4. Quality Education (Web of Science; OpenAlex)
Source: ORCID
Added: June 12, 2019

2019 journal article

Cross-Sectional Assessment of the Emotional Intelligence of Fourth-Year Veterinary Students and Veterinary House Officers in a Teaching Hospital

JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION, 47(2), 193–201.

By: D. Adin*, K. Royal* & C. Adin*

author keywords: emotions; expression; empathy; stress; resident; training
MeSH headings : Cross-Sectional Studies; Education, Veterinary; Emotional Intelligence; Hospitals, Teaching / statistics & numerical data; Humans; Students / psychology; Students / statistics & numerical data
TL;DR: B baseline EI scores of 4th-year veterinary students, interns, and residents at a teaching hospital were similar to, but uniformly lower than, those of other professionals and did not increase with training level. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: April 14, 2020

2019 journal article

Effect of a mindfulness exercise on stress in veterinary students performing surgery

Veterinary Surgery, 48(3), 360–366.

By: B. Stevens n, K. Royal n, K. Ferris n, A. Taylor n & A. Snyder n

MeSH headings : Animals; Education, Veterinary; Female; Humans; Hydrocortisone / blood; Male; Mindfulness; Stress, Psychological / prevention & control; Students; alpha-Amylases / blood
TL;DR: This study provides some evidence that the mindfulness intervention temporarily decreased stress levels and improved students' sense of calmness and relaxation immediately before operating on a live animal. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: ORCID, Crossref, NC State University Libraries
Added: February 11, 2019

2019 journal article

Use of a Versatile, Inexpensive Ophthalmoscopy Teaching Model in Veterinary Medical Student Education Increases Ophthalmoscopy Proficiency

JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION, 46(4), 518–522.

By: H. Westermeyer n, G. Druley*, K. Royal* & F. Mowat n

author keywords: teaching ophthalmoscopy; fundus model; veterinary education
MeSH headings : Animals; Education, Veterinary; Fundus Oculi; Humans; Ophthalmology / education; Ophthalmoscopy; Students, Medical; Teaching
TL;DR: The model used in this study is well received by students and results in discernible gains in proficiency, and all students who used the model stated the models should continue to be used to aid student learning. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
4. Quality Education (Web of Science; OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: January 27, 2020

2018 article

"Physician, Heal Yourself!" The Importance of Understanding Scripture

JOURNAL OF CHRISTIAN NURSING, Vol. 36, pp. 11–11.

By: K. Royal*

MeSH headings : Anecdotes as Topic; Christianity; Humans; Nurse-Patient Relations; Physicians; Religion and Medicine; Self Care
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
4. Quality Education (OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: December 31, 2018

2018 journal article

A Simple Methodology for Discerning Item Construction Flaws in Health Professions Examinations

Health Professions Education, 5(1), 82–89.

By: K. Royal n, M. Hedgpeth n & L. Posner n

TL;DR: The methodology was evidenced to be robust, as multiple items containing item construction flaws were identified by inflated success rates for a group of examinees who had no prior training in the subject matter. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
4. Quality Education (OpenAlex)
Sources: ORCID, Crossref
Added: February 11, 2019

2018 journal article

A survey of point-of-care ultrasound use in veterinary general practice

Education in the Health Professions, 1(2), 50.

By: T. DeFrancesco n & K. Royal n

TL;DR: This study is the first to document the common use of US in small animal general practices and highlights the need for instruction of basic US skills for veterinary students and small animal practitioners. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: ORCID, Crossref, NC State University Libraries
Added: February 11, 2019

2018 journal article

Automated Item Generation: The Future of Medical Education Assessment?

European Medical Journal: Innovations, 2(1), 8–92.

By: K. Royal, M. Hedgpeth, T. Jeon & C. Colford

Source: ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2018 journal article

Baseline Knowledge of Potential Pet Toxins among the US General Public

Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science, 22(3), 219–228.

By: N. Young, K. Royal n, B. Lovee* & G. Davidson n

author keywords: Veterinary medicine; animals; pet toxins; animal toxins; knowledge survey
MeSH headings : Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Animals; Female; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Internet; Male; Middle Aged; Pets; Poisoning / veterinary; Poisons; Surveys and Questionnaires; United States
TL;DR: Assessment of pet toxicant knowledge among a representative sample of Americans and the need for additional toxicology resources suggest more vetinary poisoning education is needed for pet owners to be able to accurately distinguish potential pet toxicants from nontoxicants. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
3. Good Health and Well-being (Web of Science; OpenAlex)
Source: ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2018 journal article

Comparing Item Performance on Three- Versus Four-Option Multiple Choice Questions in a Veterinary Toxicology Course

Veterinary Sciences, 5(2), 55.

By: K. Royal n & D. Dorman n

author keywords: assessment; medical education; veterinary medicine; testing; multiple-choice questions; psychology; toxicology; measurement; item writing; veterinary education
TL;DR: The findings of this study support earlier research in other medical disciplines and settings that concluded there was no significant change in the psychometric properties of three option MCQs when compared to the traditionalMCQs with four or more options. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: ORCID, Crossref
Added: February 11, 2019

2018 journal article

Evaluating the readability levels of medical infographic materials for public consumption

JOURNAL OF VISUAL COMMUNICATION IN MEDICINE, 41(3), 99–102.

By: K. Royal n & K. Erdmann*

author keywords: Education; health communications; patient information; visual sciences; medical art and illustration; graphic design
MeSH headings : Comprehension; Health Communication / standards; Humans; Internet; Literacy; Medical Illustration; Patient Education as Topic / standards; United States
TL;DR: The purpose of this case study was to evaluate the readability levels of several published materials from the field of athletic training and demonstrate a model for evaluatingreadability levels in other medical and health professions. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
4. Quality Education (Web of Science; OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, ORCID, NC State University Libraries
Added: February 4, 2019

2018 journal article

Exploring Shyness among Veterinary Medical Students: Implications for Mental and Social Wellness

Veterinary Sciences.

By: K. Royal n, M. Hedgpeth n & K. Flammer n

author keywords: shyness; wellness; student health; higher education; veterinary medicine; medical education; psychology; social phobia; personality; mental health
TL;DR: Given the high prevalence of self-reported shyness among veterinary medical students, institutions may wish to include strategies to address shyness as part of a comprehensive wellness program. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2018 journal article

Forty-five common rater errors in medical and health professions education

Education in the Health Professions, 1(2), 33.

By: K. Royal n

TL;DR: A list of 45 common rater errors that assessors and evaluators should be cognizant of while rating performance assessments is presented. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
4. Quality Education (OpenAlex)
Source: ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2018 journal article

How common are experimental designs in medical education? Findings from a bibliometric analysis of recent dissertations and theses

Education in the Health Professions, 1, 28–30.

By: K. Royal & J. Rinaldo

Source: ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2018 journal article

Hydrogen peroxide plasma sterilization of a waterproof, high‐definition video camera case for intraoperative imaging in veterinary surgery

Veterinary Surgery.

By: C. Adin n, K. Royal n, B. Moore n & M. Jacob n

MeSH headings : Animals; Equipment Contamination; Escherichia coli / drug effects; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Staphylococcus / drug effects; Sterilization; Surgery, Veterinary / instrumentation; Video Recording / instrumentation; Volatilization
TL;DR: Vaporized hydrogen peroxide sterilization and thorough manual washing of a waterproof camera may provide cost effective intraoperative image acquisition for documentation purposes. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Source: ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2018 journal article

Ophthalmoscopy skills in primary care: a cross-sectional practitioner survey

VETERINARY RECORD, 182(15), 435-+.

By: F. Mowat n, K. Royal n & H. Westermeyer n

MeSH headings : Animals; Clinical Competence; Cross-Sectional Studies; Education, Veterinary; Health Care Surveys; Humans; Ophthalmoscopy / statistics & numerical data; Ophthalmoscopy / veterinary; Primary Health Care; Self Efficacy; United States; Veterinarians / psychology
TL;DR: Since in some cases of systemic illness ophthalmic manifestations may be the only changes present on physical examination, inability to perform comprehensive funduscopic examination may result in delay in diagnosis and poorer patient outcomes. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
1. No Poverty (OpenAlex)
4. Quality Education (Web of Science)
Sources: Web Of Science, ORCID, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2018 journal article

Pharmacists' Knowledge of Veterinary Pharmacotherapy and the Impact of an Educational Intervention

JOURNAL OF PHARMACY TECHNOLOGY, 34(6), 244–251.

By: N. Young, K. Royal n, M. Park* & G. Davidson n

author keywords: veterinary pharmacy; veterinary; veterinary medicine; pharmacy education
TL;DR: It is suggested that a substantial portion of pharmacists lack the knowledge needed to process and dispense the veterinary prescriptions most commonly encountered in community pharmacies and that implementation of an educational intervention can increase pharmacists’ knowledge of core concepts necessary to safely care for animal patients. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, ORCID, NC State University Libraries
Added: November 26, 2018

2018 journal article

Psychometric Validation of a Medical and Health Professions Course Evaluation Questionnaire

American Journal of Educational Research, 6(1), 38–42.

By: K. Royal n, L. Temple n, J. Neel n & L. Nelson n

TL;DR: Results of the validation study indicated a considerable amount of construct validity evidence is discernible to conclude the instrument is capable of producing valid and reliable measures of course quality and effectiveness. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
4. Quality Education (OpenAlex)
Source: ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2018 journal article

Readability Evaluations of Veterinary Client Handouts and Implications for Patient Care

TOPICS IN COMPANION ANIMAL MEDICINE, 33(2), 58–61.

By: K. Royal n, M. Sheats n & A. Kedrowicz n

author keywords: assessment; clinical science; communications; diversity; practice/business management; public health
MeSH headings : Animals; Health Literacy / standards; Humans; Patient Care / methods; Patient Care / veterinary; Patient Education as Topic / methods; Patient Education as Topic / standards; Reading; Veterinary Medicine / methods
TL;DR: Evaluating the readability levels of a sample of popular client handout materials prepared expressly for veterinarians to download and distribute to their pet-owning clients indicates that 9 of 10 client brochures were written above the recommended sixth grade reading level. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
4. Quality Education (OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, ORCID, NC State University Libraries
Added: October 16, 2018

2018 book

Royal's Directory of Journals for Publishing Medical Education Scholarship

In Zenodo.

Contributors: K. Royal

Source: ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2018 book

Royal's Directory of Journals for Publishing Medical Education Scholarship

In Zenodo.

Contributors: K. Royal

Source: ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2018 journal article

Strategies Used for Making Healthy Eating Choices among Veterinary Medical Students

Journal of Veterinary Medical Education, 45(3), 364–380.

By: K. Royal n, S. Hunt n, V. Scharf n, M. Correa n & C. Mariani n

author keywords: academic affairs; administration; educational methods; outcomes; psychology; SKAs; student affairs; student health & well-being
MeSH headings : Adult; Animals; Education, Veterinary; Feeding Behavior; Female; Humans; Male; Motivation; North Carolina; Students, Medical / psychology; Surveys and Questionnaires
TL;DR: It is concluded that while most students report eating a relatively healthy diet, variation in strategies used suggests room for improvement for many, and potential intervention strategies to promote healthy eating among veterinary students are discussed. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, ORCID, NC State University Libraries, Crossref
Added: October 19, 2018

2018 journal article

Teaching Tip A Method for Evaluating Learning Evidence when Using Cumulative Final Examinations

JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION, 45(3), 343–346.

By: K. Royal n

author keywords: academic affairs; assessment; competency; competencies; curriculum; educational methods; outcomes; SKAs; statistics
MeSH headings : Animals; Curriculum; Education, Veterinary; Educational Measurement; Humans; Teaching
TL;DR: The article explains how to apply the framework, including how to conduct the procedure using Microsoft Excel, and is encouraged to adopt this framework when appropriate to evaluate authentic learning evidence. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
4. Quality Education (OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, ORCID, NC State University Libraries
Added: October 19, 2018

2018 journal article

Think Subscores Are a Helpful Form of Feedback? Think Again

JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION, 45(4), 567–570.

By: K. Royal n & M. Hedgpeth n

author keywords: academic affairs; assessment; communications; competency; competencies; educational methods; outcomes; SKAs; statistics
MeSH headings : Education, Veterinary; Feedback; Humans; Students / psychology; Thinking
TL;DR: The purpose of this article is to address some of the problems relating to subscores in classroom assessment scenarios and to encourage educators to be cautious of these often deceptive and problematic measures. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
4. Quality Education (Web of Science; OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, ORCID, NC State University Libraries
Added: January 7, 2019

2018 journal article

Using readability software to enhance the health literacy of equine veterinary clients: An analysis of 17 American Association of Equine Practitioners’ newsletter and website articles

Equine Veterinary Journal, 51(4), 552–555.

By: M. Sheats n, K. Royal n & A. Kedrowicz n

author keywords: horse; literacy; horse owner; client education; readability; medical writing
MeSH headings : Animals; Comprehension; Health Literacy; Horses; Humans; Ownership; Publications; Societies, Scientific; Software; Veterinary Medicine
TL;DR: awareness of the issue of client literacy and use of tools such as readability analysis software can help veterinarians provide clients with 'easy-to-read' written materials that deliver a message that clients can comprehend, thus improving their health literacy and empowering them as partners in the veterinary-client relationship. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
4. Quality Education (OpenAlex)
Sources: ORCID, Crossref, NC State University Libraries
Added: February 11, 2019

2018 journal article

Using “Educational Handoffs” to Improve Curricular Integration and Overcome Faculty Disconnectedness

Journal of Contemporary Medical Education, 7(2), 10.

By: K. Royal*

TL;DR: A theoretical framework already well-understood by most medical educators is proposed and the application of its principles to an educational setting is encouraged and faculty view integrated curricular design much like the continuum of medical care in which handoffs are made, as handoffs emphasize communication and teamwork. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2018 journal article

Veterinary Medical Students' Motivations for Exercise

Journal of Veterinary Medical Education, 45(3), 367–373.

By: K. Royal n, S. Hunt n, L. Gonzalez n, G. Lewbart n & K. Bailey n

author keywords: academic affairs; curriculum; environment; outcomes; psychology; public health; student affairs; student health and well-being
MeSH headings : Adult; Animals; Education, Veterinary; Exercise; Female; Humans; Male; Motivation; North Carolina; Students, Medical / psychology; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult
TL;DR: This study is the first to explore what motivates veterinary medical students to exercise given their unique situational and environmental factors and it is the authors' hope that the findings will help identify exercise-related wellness interventions that could be implemented in veterinary medical schools. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, ORCID, NC State University Libraries, Crossref
Added: October 19, 2018

2018 journal article

Veterinary Medical Students' Motivations for Exercise

Journal of Veterinary Medical Education, 1, 1–7.

By: K. Royal n, S. Hunt n, L. Gonzalez n, G. Lewbart n & K. Bailey n

TL;DR: This study is the first to explore what motivates veterinary medical students to exercise given their unique situational and environmental factors and it is the authors' hope that the findings will help identify exercise-related wellness interventions that could be implemented in veterinary medical schools. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: ORCID, Crossref, NC State University Libraries
Added: February 11, 2019

2017 journal article

A Plea to Discontinue Acknowledging “Face Validity” as a Legitimate Type of Validity Evidence

Journal of Veterinary Medical Education, 44(2), 206–206.

By: K. Royal*

MeSH headings : Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans; Reproducibility of Results; Veterinary Medicine
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
4. Quality Education (Web of Science)
Source: ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2017 journal article

An Evaluation of the Psychometric Properties of the Behavior Change Strategies for Healthy Eating Scale

Journal of Nursing Measurement, 25(3), 411–420.

By: K. Royal n & R. Royal*

author keywords: eating behavior; health promotion; reliability and validity; instrumentation; psychometrics; education
MeSH headings : Adult; Diet, Healthy / psychology; Education, Veterinary; Female; Humans; Male; Psychometrics; Reproducibility of Results; Students, Health Occupations / psychology; Students, Health Occupations / statistics & numerical data; Surveys and Questionnaires; United States; Young Adult
TL;DR: The BCSHES possessed very strong psychometric properties and is capable of yielding valid and reliable scores, and use of the scale is encouraged, where appropriate. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
2. Zero Hunger (OpenAlex)
4. Quality Education (Web of Science)
Source: ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2017 journal article

Baseline knowledge of potential pet toxins: a survey of pharmacists

Pharmacy Practice, 15(4), 1058–1058.

By: N. Young, K. Royal n & G. Davidson n

author keywords: Pets; Poisons; Animal Diseases; Health Knowledge; Attitudes; Practice; Education; Pharmacy; Pharmacies; Pharmacists; Surveys and Questionnaires; North Carolina
TL;DR: The findings of this investigation suggest that pharmacists are deficient in their understanding of veterinary toxicology, given the rise of community pharmacists caring for animal patients, it’s paramount that pharmacist be able to confidently distinguish potential pet toxins from non-toxins. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2017 journal article

Clarifying the Instructional Role of Faculty in Medical and Health Professions Programs

Education in Medicine Journal, 9(2), 75–77.

By: K. Royal*, N. University, Raleigh, Nc & Usa

Source: ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2017 journal article

Evaluation of 3D Additively Manufactured Canine Brain Models for Teaching Veterinary Neuroanatomy

JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION, 44(4), 612–619.

By: R. Schoenfeld-Tacher, T. Horn*, T. Scheviak, K. Royal* & L. Hudson*

author keywords: gross anatomy education; neuroanatomy; 3D additive manufacturing; physical models; veterinary students; propensity score matching
MeSH headings : Anatomy, Veterinary / education; Animals; Brain / anatomy & histology; Clinical Competence; Dogs / anatomy & histology; Education, Veterinary; Plastic Embedding; Printing, Three-Dimensional; Program Evaluation; Surveys and Questionnaires
TL;DR: It is postulate that 3D AM canine brain models are an acceptable alternative to plastinated specimens in teaching veterinary neuroanatomy. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
4. Quality Education (Web of Science; OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, ORCID, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2017 journal article

Four tenets of modern validity theory for medical education assessment and evaluation

ADVANCES IN MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE, 8, 567–570.

By: K. Royal n

author keywords: health education; psychometric properties; validity evidence; educational measurement; health professions education; reliability
TL;DR: The purpose of this work was to present four fundamental tenets of modern validity theory in an effort to establish a framework for scholars in the field of medical education assessment to follow when conceptualizing validity, interpreting validity evidence, and reporting research findings. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, ORCID, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2017 journal article

Good teaching is not a race to cover content: Less can be more

Earn, Nose & Throat Journal, 96(10-11), 402-.

By: K. Royal & T. Zakrajsek

Sources: NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: August 6, 2018

2017 journal article

Improving student wellness by promoting social fitness

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 251(8), 890–890.

By: K. Royal

Sources: ORCID, NC State University Libraries
Added: February 11, 2019

2017 personal communication

Improving student wellness by promoting social fitness

By: K. Royal

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2017 journal article

Is verification of peer review service necessary to support scientific growth?

The American Journal of Surgery, 216(2), 202–203.

By: K. Royal n & E. Hardie n

MeSH headings : Biomedical Research; General Surgery / standards; Humans; Peer Review, Health Care / methods; Societies, Medical
Sources: ORCID, Crossref
Added: February 11, 2019

2017 journal article

Medical Students Rate Black Female Peers as Less Socially Connected

JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, 110(2), 157–162.

By: K. Royal n

author keywords: Medical education; Women; Minorities; Outcomes; Assessment; Social measures
MeSH headings : Black or African American; Female; Humans; Interpersonal Relations; Male; Peer Group; Sex Factors; Social Participation; Students, Medical; Surveys and Questionnaires; White People
TL;DR: Evaluation of the degree to which medical students from the same peer cohort were socially connected across racial and sex groups revealed Black females were less socially connected with medical student peers from their cohort than other peer groups. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
10. Reduced Inequalities (Web of Science)
Sources: Web Of Science, ORCID, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2017 dataset

On Algorithms, ‘Big Data’ and the Future of Psychometrics

Royal, K. Authorea.

By: K. Royal n

Source: ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2017 personal communication

Quality Teaching Matters More than Innovative Curricula

Royal, K. D. (2017, April).

By: K. Royal n

MeSH headings : Curriculum; Education, Medical / methods; Education, Medical / standards; Humans; Models, Educational; Teaching / standards
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
4. Quality Education (Web of Science; OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, ORCID, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2017 journal article

Results of a Flipped Classroom Teaching Approach in Anesthesiology Residents

Journal of Graduate Medical Education, 6.

By: S. Martinelli*, F. Chen*, A. DiLorenzo*, D. Mayer*, S. Fairbanks*, K. Moran*, C. Ku*, J. Mitchell* ...

MeSH headings : Anesthesiology / education; Faculty, Medical; Humans; Internship and Residency / methods; Physicians; Problem-Based Learning; Surveys and Questionnaires; Teaching
TL;DR: The flipped classroom approach to didactic education resulted in a small improvement in knowledge retention and was preferred by anesthesiology residents. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
4. Quality Education (OpenAlex)
Source: ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2017 journal article

Robust (and Ethical) Educational Research Designs

Journal of Veterinary Medical Education, 6, 1–5.

By: K. Royal*

author keywords: research design; educational research; research ethics; veterinary medical education; research methods
MeSH headings : Animal Experimentation / ethics; Animals; Education, Veterinary; Ethics, Research; Humans; Research Design / statistics & numerical data
TL;DR: Five robust research designs that generally are compatible with education studies are presented, and how each design may be used in a variety of educational research scenarios are discussed. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
4. Quality Education (Web of Science)
Source: ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2017 journal article

School Climate in American Secondary Schools: A Psychometric Examination of PISA 2009 School Climate Scale

Journal of Curriculum and Teaching.

By: L. Sun* & K. Royal n

UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
13. Climate Action (OpenAlex)
Source: ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2017 journal article

Success Rates Depend on the Appropriateness of the Outcome Measures

Journal of Methods and Measurement in the Social Sciences, 7(1).

By: K. Royal*

Source: ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2017 journal article

Survey Incentives in Medical Education: What Do Students Say Will Entice Them to Participate in Surveys?

Medical Science Educator, 27(2), 339–344.

By: K. Royal n & K. Flammer n

TL;DR: Investigation of what types of incentives are most likely to be effective for boosting response rates among students in medical and health professions programs, and what odds of winning a prize are most effective given lottery-based scenarios indicates two major findings. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: ORCID, Crossref
Added: February 11, 2019

2017 journal article

The Prevalence of Item Construction Flaws in Medical School Examinations and Innovative Recommendations for Improvement

European Medical Journal, 1(1), 61–66. http://emjreviews.com/wp-content/uploads/The-Prevalence-of-Item-Construction-Flaws-in-Medical-School-Examinations-and-Innovative-Recommendations-for-Improvement.pdf

By: K. Royal & M. Hedgpeth

Source: ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2017 journal article

The impact of 3-option responses to multiple-choice questions on guessing strategies and cut score determinations

Journal of Advances in Medical Education and Professionalism, 5(2), 84–89. http://jamp.sums.ac.ir/index.php/JAMP/article/view/725/145

By: K. Royal & M. Stockdale

Source: ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2017 journal article

Turning a blind eye: How lack of communication with ER nurses nearly cost a patient permanent vision loss

Patient Experience Journal, 4(3), 12–14.

By: K. Royal & A. Kedrowicz

Source: ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2017 journal article

Understanding the Cognitive Development of Medical Students and Residents

Education for Primary Care, 28(6), 356–356.

By: K. Royal n

MeSH headings : Cognition; Education, Medical / methods; Humans; Internship and Residency; Learning; Students, Medical / psychology
TL;DR: Perry’s Theory of Cognitive Development is one of the most widely recognized theories for understanding adult learners’ cognitive development and it is challenged to consider how this theory might aid the instruction of medical students and residents. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
4. Quality Education (OpenAlex)
Source: ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2017 journal article

Using a Modified Bookmark Procedure to Help Identify Reasonable Consequences for Academic Integrity Violations

Journal of Veterinary Medical Education, 7(1), 1–8.

By: K. Royal*, J. Neel*, K. Munana* & K. Flammer

Contributors: K. Royal*, J. Neel*, K. Munana* & K. Flammer

author keywords: academic affairs; assessment; curriculum; educational methods; outcomes; psychology; SKAs; student affairs
MeSH headings : Deception; Education, Veterinary / ethics; Education, Veterinary / standards; Educational Measurement / standards; Humans; Organizational Policy; Psychometrics / methods; Social Control, Formal
TL;DR: A novel method is introduced for more objectively determining reasonable sanctions for several academic misconduct offenses of varying degrees of severity by utilizing a variation of the Bookmark procedure, a popular standard-setting technique used primarily by psychometricians in high-stakes testing environments. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
4. Quality Education (Web of Science)
16. Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions (OpenAlex)
Source: ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2017 journal article

Using the Spearman-Brown Prophecy Formula to Improve Medical School Examination Quality

Journal of Contemporary Medical Education, 5(2), 1.

By: K. Royal*

TL;DR: The Spearman-Brown prophecy formula may help medical educators accurately predict the effects of adding or removing items on reliability estimation, and help educators make immediate improvements to the psychometric quality and functioning of their examinations. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
4. Quality Education (OpenAlex)
Source: ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2017 journal article

Why Veterinary Medical Educators Should Embrace Cumulative Final Exams

Journal of Veterinary Medical Education, 1, 1–5.

By: K. Royal*

author keywords: academic affairs; assessment; curriculum; educational methods; outcomes; psychology; SKAs
MeSH headings : Education, Veterinary; Educational Measurement; Faculty; Humans; Students, Medical
TL;DR: The purpose of this article is to discuss the advantages of cumulative examinations with respect to learning evidence, grade/score validity, fairness issues, and implications for academic policy. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
4. Quality Education (OpenAlex)
Source: ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2016 article

"Face validity'' is not a legitimate type of validity evidence

Royal, K. (2016, November). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY, Vol. 212, pp. 1026–1027.

By: K. Royal n

author keywords: Validity; Research reporting; Face validity; Surgery; Medical education
MeSH headings : Biomedical Research; General Surgery; Humans; Periodicals as Topic; Reproducibility of Results
TL;DR: The purpose of this article is to encourage surgeons to study recent, and authoritative, works on validity theory, so they can better articulate the trustworthiness of their research findings and be more informed consumers of research. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
4. Quality Education (Web of Science)
Sources: Web Of Science, ORCID, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2016 journal article

A Comprehensive Wellness Program for Veterinary Medical Education: Design and Implementation at North Carolina State University

International Journal of Higher Education, 6(1), 74.

By: K. Royal n, K. Flammer, L. Borst*, J. Huckle, H. Barter & J. Neel

TL;DR: This case study paper describes the development and implementation of the model at the North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine and focuses on five broad outcome categories: intellectual growth; mental and emotional health; social distance reduction; cultural competence; and physical health. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: ORCID, Crossref, NC State University Libraries
Added: February 11, 2019

2016 journal article

A Guide for Assessing the Interpretive Validity of Student Evaluations of Teaching in Medical Schools

Medical Science Educator, 26(4), 711–717.

By: K. Royal n

TL;DR: This article presents a guide for assessing the interpretative validity of SET results and concludes that the high-stakes nature of SET result and their implications for faculty are critical. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
4. Quality Education (OpenAlex)
Source: ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2016 journal article

A Guide for Making Valid Interpretations of Student Evaluation of Teaching (SET) Results

Journal of Veterinary Medical Education, 44(2), 316–322.

By: K. Royal*

author keywords: academic affairs; administration; assessment; curriculum; educational methods; leadership; student affairs
MeSH headings : Education, Veterinary / standards; Faculty, Medical; Humans; Reproducibility of Results; Students, Medical; Surveys and Questionnaires / standards; Teaching
TL;DR: A guide for faculty and administrators to assess the interpretative validity of SET scores given an array of sample size, response rate, and score standard deviation possibilities is developed. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
4. Quality Education (Web of Science)
Sources: Crossref, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2016 journal article

An Evaluation of the Psychometric Properties of an Advising Survey for Medical and Professional Program Students

Journal of Educational and Developmental Psychology, 6(1), 195.

By: K. Royal n & L. Gonzalez n

TL;DR: The psychometric properties of a newly developed instrument intended to measure faculty competence as it pertains to their role as advisors, particularly in medical and professional programs are evaluated. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: ORCID, Crossref, NC State University Libraries
Added: February 11, 2019

2016 journal article

Do All Dogs Go to Heaven? Investigating the Association between Demographic Characteristics and Beliefs about Animal Afterlife

ANTHROZOOS, 29(3), 409–420.

By: K. Royal n, A. Kedrowicz n & A. Snyder n

author keywords: animal afterlife; beliefs; religion; veterinary care
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
16. Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions (OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, ORCID, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2016 journal article

Exploring Aberrant Responses Using Person Fit and Person Response Functions

Journal of Applied Measurement.

By: A. Walker, G. Engelhard, M. Hedgpeth & K. Royal

Source: ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2016 journal article

Investigating the Financial Awareness and Behaviors of Veterinary Medical Students

International Journal of Economics and Finance.

By: A. Snyder n & K. Royal n

TL;DR: While students generally appear to understand the negative impact of debt, results indicate most students do not fully appreciate the value of personal budgeting or annual calculations of net worth. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2016 journal article

Missing data as a validity threat for medical and healthcare education research: problems and solutions

International Journal of Healthcare, 2(2).

By: M. Stockdale* & K. Royal n

TL;DR: The problem of missing data in the context of medical and healthcare education research is discussed and appropriate methods for handling missing data are recommended. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
4. Quality Education (OpenAlex)
Source: ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2016 personal communication

More on Diversity and Inclusion in Academic Medicine: The Isolation of Black Females

Royal, K. D., Cannedy, A. L., & Dent, G. A. (2016, July).

By: K. Royal n, A. Cannedy n & G. Dent*

MeSH headings : Black or African American; Cultural Diversity; Female; Humans; Medicine
TL;DR: The authors found “black, Hispanic/ Latino, female, and LGBTQ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer) respondents reported lower degrees of engagement than their counterparts,” and noted these findings are consistent with extant literature on these topics. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
5. Gender Equality (Web of Science)
10. Reduced Inequalities (OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, ORCID, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2016 personal communication

More on standard setting

Royal, K. (2016, February).

By: K. Royal n

MeSH headings : Educational Measurement / standards; Health Personnel / education; Humans; Students, Health Occupations
TL;DR: Richard Hays’ efforts to convey the message that standard setting is becoming increasingly popular in medical education, but that actually conducting these exercises properly can be a very challenging task are appreciated. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
4. Quality Education (Web of Science)
Sources: Web Of Science, ORCID, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2016 journal article

Prohibiting Students from Asking Questions during Exams: A Guideline for Promoting Fairness and Preserving Score Validity

Journal of Veterinary Medical Education, 8(2), 1–3.

By: K. Royal*, K. Munana* & J. Neel*

Contributors: K. Royal*, K. Munana* & J. Neel*

author keywords: academic affairs; assessment; curriculum; disabilities; educational methods; SKAs; student affairs
MeSH headings : Behavior; Education, Veterinary; Educational Measurement / standards; Guidelines as Topic; Humans; North Carolina; Reproducibility of Results; Schools, Veterinary; Students, Medical
TL;DR: The rationale behind policies that prohibit students from asking questions during examinations are presented and why these policies may help promote fairness and preserve score validity are discussed. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
4. Quality Education (Web of Science)
Source: ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2016 journal article

Severity of Nasal Inflammatory Disease Questionnaire for Canine Idiopathic Rhinitis Control: Instrument Development and Initial Validity Evidence

JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE, 31(1), 134–141.

By: L. Greene n, K. Royal n, J. Bradley n, B. Lascelles n, L. Johnson* & E. Hawkins n

author keywords: Lymphoplasmacytic; Psychometrics; Survey
MeSH headings : Animals; Case-Control Studies; Dog Diseases / prevention & control; Dogs; Female; Humans; Male; Ownership; Pain, Intractable / prevention & control; Pain, Intractable / veterinary; Quality of Life; Reproducibility of Results; Rhinitis / prevention & control; Rhinitis / veterinary; Severity of Illness Index; Surveys and Questionnaires; Symptom Assessment
TL;DR: The SNIFLD questionnaire provides a mechanism for repeated assessments of disease severity in dogs with chronic rhinitis and strong psychometric evidence was available to support the substantive, generalizability, content, and structural aspects of construct validity. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, ORCID, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2016 journal article

Social Media and Impression Management: Veterinary Medicine Students' and Faculty Members' Attitudes toward the Acceptability of Social Media Posts

Journal of Advances in Medical Education and Professionalism, 4(4), 155–162. http://jamp.sums.ac.ir/index.php/JAMP/article/view/605

By: A. Kedrowicz, K. Royal & K. Flammer

Source: ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2016 journal article

Students' Perceptions of and Experiences With Educational Technology: A Survey

JMIR Medical Education.

By: K. Royal n, M. Hedgpeth n & D. McWhorter n

TL;DR: Today's medical students are not expert computer users as many assume and despite technological advances and increased exposure to such applications and skills, there remains a challenge for students to "keep up” with the ever evolving technology. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
4. Quality Education (OpenAlex)
Source: ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2016 journal article

The 10 most wanted test cheaters in medical education

MEDICAL EDUCATION, 50(12), 1241–1244.

By: K. Royal n, M. Hedgpeth n, J. Mulkey & J. Fremer

MeSH headings : Codes of Ethics; Deception; Education, Medical; Educational Measurement; Fraud / prevention & control; Fraud / psychology; Humans
TL;DR: The research provides an overview of test cheating in modern medical education, presents a typology of common cheaters, and provides guidelines for the prevention and detection of cheating. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
4. Quality Education (Web of Science)
Sources: Web Of Science, ORCID, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2016 journal article

The Impact of Item Sequence Order on Local Item Dependence: An Item Response Theory Perspective

Survey Practice, 9(5). http://surveypractice.org/index.php/SurveyPractice/article/view/344/html_78

By: K. Royal

Source: ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2016 journal article

There's Education, and Then There's Education in Medicine

Journal of Advances in Medical Education and Professionalism, 4(3), 150–154.

By: K. Royal & J. Rinaldo

Source: ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2015 journal article

A Case for Differentiated Grades

Med.Sci.Educ., 25(3), 323–325.

By: K. Royal n & T. Guskey*

Source: ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2015 journal article

A Method for Investigating "Instructional Familiarity" and Discerning Authentic Learning

ANNALS OF MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES RESEARCH, 5(6), 428–434.

By: K. Royal n, M. Hedgpeth n, K. Smith* & D. Kirk*

author keywords: Action research; Assessment; Medical education; Psychometrics; Testing
TL;DR: The methodology presented in this article was evidenced to better discern authentic learning than traditional approaches that ignore valuable contextual information about students' familiarity with exam items. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, ORCID, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2015 journal article

A Novel Method for Evaluating Examination Item Quality

IJPS, 7(1).

By: K. Royal n & M. Hedgpeth n

TL;DR: The extent to which medical school examination items were vulnerable to good test-taking skills and guessing strategies was understood by administering an examination to a group of medical education professional staff and the proposed methodology was demonstrated to be successful. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
4. Quality Education (OpenAlex)
Source: ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2015 journal article

A cautionary note about focus groups in medical education

Education for Primary Care, 26(6), 449–449.

By: K. Royal n

MeSH headings : Focus Groups; Humans; North Carolina; Policy Making; Schools, Medical / organization & administration; Students, Medical
TL;DR: A cautionary note about focus groups in medical education Kenneth Royal is posted here. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
4. Quality Education (OpenAlex)
Source: ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2015 journal article

Academic outcomes of a community-based longitudinal integrated clerkships program.

Medical Teacher, 37(9), 862–867.

By: R. Latessa*, N. Beaty, K. Royal*, G. Colvin*, D. Pathman & J. Heck*

Contributors: R. Latessa*, N. Beaty, K. Royal*, G. Colvin*, D. Pathman & J. Heck*

MeSH headings : Adult; Clinical Clerkship / statistics & numerical data; Clinical Competence; College Admission Test / statistics & numerical data; Community Health Services / organization & administration; Curriculum; Education, Medical, Undergraduate / organization & administration; Education, Medical, Undergraduate / statistics & numerical data; Educational Measurement / statistics & numerical data; Female; Humans; Licensure, Medical / statistics & numerical data; Male; Medicine; United States
TL;DR: UNC School of Medicine medical students participating in a longitudinal integrated curriculum in a community setting outperformed fellow students who completed a more TBR curriculum within the school’s academic medical center. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
4. Quality Education (Web of Science)
Source: ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2015 journal article

Are Teacher Course Evaluations Biased Against Faculty That Teach Quantitative Methods Courses?

IJHE, 4(1).

By: K. Royal n & M. Stockdale*

UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
4. Quality Education (OpenAlex)
Source: ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2015 journal article

Balancing Test Length with Sufficiently Reliable Scores

EIMJ, 7(1).

By: K. Royal n & M. Hedgpeth*

TL;DR: This article describes a case in which a patient was presented with a less than desirable reliability estimate from a previous medical school examination, utilized the Spearman-Brown Prophecy formula, and was able to achieve the minimum estimate of .70 on the next iteration of the examination. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2015 journal article

Building Collaborative Learning Opportunities between Future Veterinary and Design Professionals

Journal of Education and Training Studies, 3(5), 43–51.

By: F. Magallanes n, M. Stoskopf n & K. Royal n

Sources: NC State University Libraries, ORCID, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2015 journal article

Comparing Veterinary Student and Faculty Perceptions of Academic Misconduct

International Research in Higher Education, 1(1).

By: K. Royal n, R. Schoenfeld-Tacher n & K. Flammer n

Sources: ORCID, Crossref
Added: February 11, 2019

2015 journal article

Differences Among Veterinary Students’ and Faculty Members’ Perceptions of Appropriate Interactions with Corporate Entities at One US College of Veterinary Medicine

Medical Science Educator, 26(1), 35–38.

By: R. Schoenfeld-Tacher n, K. Royal n & K. Flammer n

TL;DR: There were no differences among students based on program year; however, there were significant differences in how faculty and students rated 12/17 scenarios, via the newly developed Interaction with Corporate Entities scale. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: ORCID, Crossref
Added: February 11, 2019

2015 journal article

Does Mathematical Precision Ensure Valid Grades? What Every Veterinary Medical Educator Should Know

JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION, 42(3), 242–244.

By: K. Royal* & T. Guskey

Contributors: K. Royal* & T. Guskey

author keywords: academic affairs; assessment; curriculum; grading; educational methods; outcomes; statistics
MeSH headings : Education, Veterinary; Educational Measurement / statistics & numerical data; Guidelines as Topic; Humans; Reproducibility of Results
TL;DR: This "teaching tip" is to demonstrate and discuss how mathematical precision does not necessarily equate to truthful scores that accurately reflect what students know or can do. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
4. Quality Education (Web of Science; OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, ORCID, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2015 journal article

Educational Research Report: Changes in Students' Levels of Empathy during the Didactic Portion of a Veterinary Program

Journal of Veterinary Medical Education, 42(3), 194–205.

By: R. Schoenfeld-Tacher, L. Kogan, B. Meyer-Parsons, K. Royal* & J. Shaw

Contributors: R. Schoenfeld-Tacher, L. Kogan, B. Meyer-Parsons, K. Royal* & J. Shaw

author keywords: empathy; communication; veterinary students; longitudinal; Davis Interpersonal Reactivity Index
MeSH headings : Adult; Education, Veterinary; Empathy; Female; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Self Report; Students / psychology; Teaching; Young Adult
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
4. Quality Education (OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, ORCID, NC State University Libraries, Crossref
Added: August 6, 2018

2015 journal article

Examining Job Satisfaction among Kentucky Head Principals Using the Rasch Rating Scale Model

JSE, 5(3), 135.

By: X. Webb*, K. Royal n & J. Nash*

Source: ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2015 journal article

Further Validation of the Inventory of Mental Toughness Factors in Sport (IMTF-S)

IJPS, 7(3).

By: M. Stonkus & K. Royal n

Source: ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2015 journal article

How Much Content Knowledge Do Graduating Medical Students Retain from Their Pre-Clinical and Clinical Courses?

Medical Science Educator, 26(1), 117–122.

By: K. Royal n, M. Hedgpeth n, D. Bynum* & C. Colford*

TL;DR: Investigating knowledge retention and decaying effects by utilizing a quasi-experimental design that compared responses from a sample of exiting fourth year medical students to their previously rendered responses to the exact same items 2 to 3 years prior indicated exiting fourth-year medical students performed about equally well. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
4. Quality Education (OpenAlex)
Source: ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2015 journal article

Measuring Factors that Influence Decisions to Become a Veterinarian

Research and Development in Medical Education, 4(1), 23–29.

TL;DR: Results indicate the Career Influence Factors Survey is a psychometrically-sound instrument capable of accurately and reliably measuring veterinary medical students’ motivations for becoming a veterinarian. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
2. Zero Hunger (OpenAlex)
Sources: ORCID, Crossref, NC State University Libraries
Added: February 11, 2019

2015 journal article

On Requiring Medical Student Participation on Course and Faculty Evaluations: Ethical and Methodological Implications

Journal of Research in Medical Education & Ethics, 5(3), 195.

By: K. Royal n & R. Walter*

TL;DR: Some of the problems associated with mandatory participation in evaluation practice are discussed and medical educators are encouraged to conduct evaluations in more ethically responsible and methodologically appropriate ways. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2015 journal article

On the appropriateness of norm- and criterion-referenced assessments in medical education

Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal, 94(7), 252-.

By: K. Royal & T. Guskey

Sources: NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: August 6, 2018

2015 journal article

On the appropriateness of norm- and criterion-referenced assessments in medical education.

& Throat Journal, 94(7), 252–254. http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/26214661

By: K. Royal, T. Guskey & n. Ear

Source: ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2015 journal article

Post-Exam Reviews: A Consideration of Costs and Unintended Consequences

Med.Sci.Educ., 25(3), 327–329.

By: K. Royal n, A. Henderson* & M. Hedgpeth n

Source: ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2015 journal article

Rater Errors in Clinical Performance Assessments

JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION, 43(1), 5–8.

By: K. Royal* & K. Hecker

author keywords: rater errors; clinical skills; OSCE; clinical assessment; veterinary medical education; performance assessment; validity
MeSH headings : Clinical Competence / standards; Education, Veterinary / methods; Educational Measurement / methods
TL;DR: The purpose of this "teaching tip" is to introduce veterinary medical educators to the notion of rater error, identify a list of common rater errors, and discuss how these errors can be addressed and minimized so as to produce accurate and defensible measures of student performance. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
4. Quality Education (Web of Science; OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, ORCID, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2015 journal article

Teaching medical students the art of the 'write-up'.

Clinical Teacher, 12(4), 246–249.

By: D. Bynum, C. Colford & K. Royal*

Contributors: D. Bynum, C. Colford & K. Royal*

MeSH headings : Documentation / methods; Documentation / standards; Education, Medical / methods; Education, Medical / standards; Humans; Medical History Taking / methods; Medical History Taking / standards; Physical Examination; Program Evaluation; Statistics, Nonparametric
TL;DR: The creation of a complete ‘write–up’ continues to be essential to the clinical learning experience for medical students. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
4. Quality Education (OpenAlex)
Source: ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2015 journal article

The Impact of Repeated Exposure to Items

TEACHING AND LEARNING IN MEDICINE, 27(4), 404–409.

By: . Thomas R. O'Neill*, L. Sun*, M. Peabody* & K. Royal n

Contributors: T. O’Neill*, L. Sun*, M. Peabody* & K. Royal n

author keywords: score inflation; certification examination; Rasch model; item exposure; repeat items
MeSH headings : Clinical Competence; Education, Medical, Graduate; Educational Measurement / standards; Family Practice / education; Female; Humans; Male; Random Allocation; Specialty Boards; Surveys and Questionnaires; United States
TL;DR: There was a small but detectable increase in the examinees' overall ability estimate, suggesting that examinees may occasionally be using prior exposure to their benefit but general guessing accounts for more of the changes. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
4. Quality Education (Web of Science)
Sources: Web Of Science, ORCID, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2015 journal article

The Predictive Validity of the ABFM's In-Training Examination.

Family Medicine, 47(5), 349–356. http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/25905876

By: T. O'Neill, Z. Li, . Peabody, M. Lybarger, K. Royal & J. Puffer

Source: ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2015 journal article

The myth of learning styles: What medical educators need to know

Ear, Nose and Throat Journal, 94(4-5), 132–134. http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84949487901&partnerID=MN8TOARS

By: K. Royal & M. Stockdale

Contributors: K. Royal & M. Stockdale

Sources: NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: August 6, 2018

2015 journal article

The myth of teaching styles: What medical educators need to know [Editorial].

& Throat Journal, 94(4-5), 132–134. http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/25923265

By: K. Royal, M. Stockdale & n. Ear

Source: ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2015 journal article

The predictive validity of the ABFM’s in-training examination

Family Medicine, 47(5), 349–356. http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84929091868&partnerID=MN8TOARS

By: T. O’Neill, Z. Li, M. Peabody, M. Lybarger, K. Royal & J. Puffer

Contributors: T. O’Neill, Z. Li, M. Peabody, M. Lybarger, K. Royal & J. Puffer

Sources: NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: August 6, 2018

2015 review

Understanding Reliability: A Review for Veterinary Educators

[Review of ]. JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION, 43(1), 1–4.

By: K. Royal* & K. Hecker

author keywords: academic affairs; assessment; educational methods; leadership; outcomes; statistics
MeSH headings : Administrative Personnel; Education, Veterinary / methods; Faculty, Medical; Reproducibility of Results
TL;DR: What sources of error reduce the reliability of scores are reviewed, how reliable are the scores and the different types of reliability coefficients that are reported are described. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
4. Quality Education (Web of Science; OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, ORCID, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2015 journal article

Using the Nudge and Shove Methods to Adjust Item Difficulty Values

Journal of Veterinary Medical Education, 42(3), 239–241.

By: K. Royal*

Contributors: K. Royal*

author keywords: assessment; educational methods; outcomes; psychometrics; testing
MeSH headings : Education, Veterinary; Educational Measurement; Humans; Psychometrics; Students; Teaching
TL;DR: The purpose of this "teaching tip" is to demonstrate how examination items can be affected by the quality of distractors, and to present a simple method for adjusting items to meet difficulty specifications. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
4. Quality Education (OpenAlex)
Source: ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2014 journal article

436 Feasibility and Acceptability of a Mobile Application for Point-of-Care Data Collection in Assessing Trainee Skills During Colonoscopy Training: a Pilot Study

Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, 79(5), AB139–AB140.

By: R. Madanick*, D. Brown*, K. Royal*, J. Palmer & K. Isaacs*

Source: ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2014 journal article

A Novel Approach for Investigating Curricular Redundancy

EIMJ, 6(4).

By: K. Royal* & G. Dent*

TL;DR: A novel, and promising, student-led strategy for evaluating redundancy in a highly integrated medical school curriculum is described. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
4. Quality Education (OpenAlex)
Source: ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2014 journal article

A student-led methodology for evaluating curricular redundancy

Journal of MultiDisciplinary Evaluation, 10(23), 1–8.

By: K. Royal, K. Gilliland & G. Dent

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: July 11, 2019

2014 journal article

Are Repeat Exam Scores Trustworthy? A Note about Measurement Error and the Need for Genuine Instructional Remediation

Med.Sci.Educ., 24(1), 39–41.

By: K. Royal*, E. Kernick* & K. Gilliland*

TL;DR: The perils and pitfalls of hastily accepting improved repeat examination scores as a valid indicator of student learning gains are discussed. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
4. Quality Education (OpenAlex)
Source: ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2014 journal article

Community size and organization of practice predict family physician recertification success.

Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine, 27(3), 383–390.

By: B. Schulte*, D. Mannino*, K. Royal*, S. Brown*, L. Peterson* & J. Puffer*

Contributors: B. Schulte*, D. Mannino*, K. Royal*, S. Brown*, L. Peterson* & J. Puffer*

author keywords: Certification; Community; Organizational Structure; Rural Health; Specialty Boards
MeSH headings : Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Certification / statistics & numerical data; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Physicians, Family / organization & administration; Physicians, Family / statistics & numerical data; Regression Analysis; Rural Population / statistics & numerical data
TL;DR: Rural physicians were more likely to pass the MOC examination, suggesting that rural health disparities do not result from a lack of provider knowledge, which may lead to poor quality of care. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
1. No Poverty (OpenAlex)
Source: ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2014 journal article

Social Network Analysis and Rasch Measurement as Complementary Methods

Rasch Measurement Transactions, 28(2), 1466–1467.

By: K. Royal & L. Akers

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: February 12, 2021

2014 journal article

The Flipped Classroom Improved Medical Student Performance and Satisfaction in a Pre-clinical Physiology Course

Med.Sci.Educ., 25(1), 35–43.

TL;DR: An example of a fully flipped course that demonstrated gains in performance and student course evaluations of a medical school pre-clinical course is described, and it is suggested that the flipped classroom could be a useful and successful educational approach in medical curricula. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
4. Quality Education (OpenAlex)
Source: ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2014 journal article

The consequential validity of ABFM examinations

Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine, 27(3), 430–431.

By: K. Royal* & J. Puffer

Contributors: K. Royal* & J. Puffer

MeSH headings : Certification; Clinical Competence / standards; Family Practice / organization & administration; Family Practice / standards
Source: ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2014 journal article

The consequential validity of ABFM examinations.

Annals of Family Medicine, 12(3), 280–282.

By: K. Royal* & J. Puffer

Contributors: K. Royal* & J. Puffer

MeSH headings : Certification / methods; Certification / standards; Family Practice / standards; Humans; Reproducibility of Results; United States
Source: ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2014 journal article

Using Rasch measurement to score, evaluate, and improve examinations in an anatomy course.

Anatomical Sciences Education, 7(6), 450–460.

By: K. Royal*, K. Gilliland* & E. Kernick*

Contributors: K. Royal*, K. Gilliland* & E. Kernick*

author keywords: item response theory; rasch measurement; gross anatomy education; medical education; students assessments; examinations; testing; psychometrics; evaluation
MeSH headings : Anatomy / education; Educational Measurement / methods; Psychometrics
TL;DR: The purpose of this research is to analyze a common medical school anatomy examination using both the traditional CTT scoring method and a Rasch measurement scoring method to determine which technique provides more robust findings, and which set of psychometric indicators will be more meaningful and useful for anatomists looking to improve the psychometric quality and functioning of their examinations. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
4. Quality Education (OpenAlex)
Source: ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2014 journal article

You Say Tomato, I Say “Tomahto”: the Semantics of Blended Learning

Med.Sci.Educ., 25(1), 81–82.

By: K. Royal n, K. Smith*, J. Foster* & M. Hedgpeth*

TL;DR: A twodimensional taxonomy is produced that attempts to clarify the distinctions between the terms hybrid, blended, flipped, and inverted learning and believes the term “blended learning” is more appropriate. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
4. Quality Education (OpenAlex)
Source: ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2013 journal article

A cautionary tale about item equating with fluctuating samples

Rasch Measurement Transactions, 27(2), 1417.

By: K. Royal & M. Raddatz

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: July 11, 2019

2013 journal article

A closer look at recertification candidate pass rates.

Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine, 26(4), 478–489.

By: K. Royal* & J. Puffer

Contributors: K. Royal* & J. Puffer

MeSH headings : Certification; Family Practice / standards; Humans; Organizational Policy; Specialty Boards / standards; United States
Source: ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2013 journal article

A closer look at recertification candidate pass rates.

Annals of Family Medicine, 11(4), 389–390.

By: K. Royal* & J. Puffer

Contributors: K. Royal* & J. Puffer

MeSH headings : Certification; Education, Medical, Continuing; Family Practice; Humans; Practice Patterns, Physicians'; Specialty Boards; United States
Source: ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2013 journal article

A more accurate pain scale?

Rasch Measurement Transactions, 26(4), 1398.

By: K. Royal & A. Brosh

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: March 5, 2021

2013 journal article

A psychometric validation of the beliefs toward mental illness scale.

Journal of Nursing Measurement, 21(3), 516–524.

By: K. Royal* & J. Thompson*

Contributors: K. Royal* & J. Thompson*

author keywords: Rasch measurement; survey validation; mental illness; rating scale; psychometrics
MeSH headings : Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Attitude to Health; Female; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Male; Mental Disorders / psychology; Middle Aged; Protestantism; Psychometrics / instrumentation; Religion and Medicine; Socioeconomic Factors; United States; Young Adult
TL;DR: This study measured Protestant Christians’ beliefs about mental illness using the Beliefs Toward Mental Illness Scale using the Rasch rating scale model to evaluate the psychometric properties of the BMI and to produce a ruler of the construct hierarchy. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2013 journal article

Criterion-referenced examinations: implications for the reporting and interpretation of examination results.

Annals of Family Medicine, 11(2), 185–187.

By: K. Royal* & J. Puffer

Contributors: K. Royal* & J. Puffer

MeSH headings : Certification / standards; Educational Measurement / methods; Educational Measurement / standards; Family Practice / standards; Humans; Quality of Health Care / standards
TL;DR: The purpose of the American Board of Family Medicine (ABFM) certification/maintenance of certification examination is to measure the basic knowledge necessary to deliver high quality care to patients and their families. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2013 journal article

Developing a psychometric ruler: An alternative presentation of Rasch Measurement output

Journal of Applied Quantitative Methods, 8(3), 1–10.

By: K. Royal & J. Eli

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: March 5, 2021

2013 journal article

Dimensionality of the maintenance of certification for family physicians examination: Evidence of construct validity

Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine, 26(3), 342–344.

By: K. Royal* & J. Puffer

Contributors: K. Royal* & J. Puffer

TL;DR: The American Board of Family Medicine (ABFM) Maintenance of Certification for Family Physicians (MC-FP) examination is designed to measure a single construct: clinical decision-making abilities within the scope of practice of family medicine. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
16. Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions (OpenAlex)
Source: ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2013 journal article

Dimensionality of the maintenance of certification for family physicians examination: evidence of construct validity.

Annals of Family Medicine, 11(3), 286–288.

By: K. Royal* & J. Puffer

Contributors: K. Royal* & J. Puffer

MeSH headings : Certification; Clinical Competence / standards; Education, Medical, Continuing / standards; Family Practice / education; Family Practice / standards; Humans; Licensure, Medical / standards; Quality Improvement; United States
TL;DR: The dimensionality of the MC-FP examination and its implications for construct validity are discussed, namely the validation that the examination accurately measures the ability of family physicians to make appropriate clinical decisions. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
16. Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions (OpenAlex)
Source: ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2013 journal article

G. ENGELHARD, JR. (2013) Invariant Measurement: Using Rasch Models in the Social, Behavioral, and Health Sciences.: New York: Routledge. 312 pages. US$44.95. ISBN: 978-0-415-87125-9

Psychometrika, 79(4), 733–735.

By: K. Royal*

Contributors: K. Royal*

Source: ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2013 journal article

Investigating guessing strategies and their success rates on items of varying difficulty levels

Rasch Measurement Transactions, 27(1), 1407–1408.

By: K. Royal & M. Hedgpeth

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: March 5, 2021

2013 journal article

Is now the time for a Rasch measurement MOOC?

Rasch Measurement Transactions, 27(3), 1437–1438.

By: K. Royal & M. Lybarger

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: March 5, 2021

2013 journal article

Objectively Measuring Change across Time in Higher Education Assessment

Journal of Assessment and Institutional Effectiveness, 3(1), 19.

By: K. Royal* & J. Gregg

UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
4. Quality Education (OpenAlex)
Sources: Crossref, NC State University Libraries
Added: July 28, 2019

2013 journal article

Social Achievement Goals: Validation Among Rural African American Adolescents

Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 31(6), 566–577.

By: M. Jones*, C. Mueller*, K. Royal*, S. Shim* & C. Hart*

Contributors: M. Jones*, C. Mueller*, K. Royal*, S. Shim* & C. Hart*

author keywords: social achievement goals; African Americans; peer interactions; rural
Source: ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2012 journal article

A suggestion for taking Rasch-based survey results even further

Rasch Measurement Transactions, 25(4), 1341.

By: K. Royal

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: March 9, 2021

2012 journal article

Achievement Goal Validation Among African American High School Students: CFA and Rasch Results

Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 31(3), 284–299.

By: C. Hart*, C. Mueller*, K. Royal* & M. Jones*

Contributors: C. Hart*, C. Mueller*, K. Royal* & M. Jones*

UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
4. Quality Education (OpenAlex)
Source: ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2012 journal article

Cheating: Its implications for American Board of Family Medicine examinees

Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine, 25(3), 400–401.

By: K. Royal* & J. Puffer

Contributors: K. Royal* & J. Puffer

MeSH headings : Educational Measurement / methods; Educational Measurement / standards; Family Practice / education; Family Practice / standards; Fraud / prevention & control; Fraud / trends; Humans; Specialty Boards / standards; United States
TL;DR: Cheating is undesirable and unethical, but, unfortunately, sometimes it does occur and the medical certification industry is not immune from this phenomenon. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2012 journal article

Cheating: its implications for ABFM examinees.

Annals of Family Medicine, 10(3), 274–275.

By: K. Royal* & J. Puffer

Contributors: K. Royal* & J. Puffer

MeSH headings : Deception; Educational Measurement; Humans; Psychometrics; Societies, Medical; Specialty Boards; United States
TL;DR: The implications of cheating from a psychometric perspective are addressed to highlight some of the less obvious ways in which all ABFM diplomates could possibly be impacted should its diplomates and candidates resort to cheating on the authors' examinations. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2012 dataset

Examining Achievement Goal Orientations in Rural African American High School Students: CFA Results

PsycEXTRA Dataset.

By: C. Mueller, C. Hart, K. Royal* & M. Jones

UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
4. Quality Education (OpenAlex)
Source: ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2012 journal article

Measuring Liberal/Conservative Voting Tendencies among U.S. Senators

Rasch Measurement Transactions, 26(2), 1366–1367.

By: K. Royal

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: March 9, 2021

2012 journal article

Measuring protestant Christians' willingness to seek professional psychological help for mental illness: A Rasch Measurement analysis

Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 31(3), 195–204.

By: K. Royal & J. Thompson

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: March 9, 2021

2012 journal article

The reliability of american board of family medicine examinations: Implications for test takers

Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine, 25(1), 131–133.

By: K. Royal* & J. Puffer

Contributors: K. Royal* & J. Puffer

MeSH headings : Educational Measurement / standards; Family Practice / education; Humans; Psychometrics; Reproducibility of Results; Specialty Boards; United States
TL;DR: A common theme among family physicians who have performed poorly repeatedly on the ABFM Maintenance of Certification examination is the complaint that they received a score that was identical, or almost identical, to their score on a previous examination. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2012 journal article

Understanding the "sum of subtest to overall score discrepancy" on the MC-FP examination.

Annals of Family Medicine, 10(1), 81–82.

By: K. Royal*, J. Puffer & S. Family Medicine

Contributors: K. Royal* & J. Puffer

MeSH headings : Educational Measurement / methods; Educational Measurement / standards; Family Practice; Humans; Specialty Boards
TL;DR: A statistical phenomenon that the authors will describe below could make it appear so that examinees who attempt to reverse engineer their score reports will better understand the “sum of subtest to overall score discrepancy” phenomenon. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2012 journal article

Understanding the "sum of subtest to overall score discrepancy" on the maintenance of certification-family practice examination

Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine, 25(2), 260–261.

By: K. Royal* & J. Puffer

Contributors: K. Royal* & J. Puffer

TL;DR: A statistical phenomenon that the authors will describe below could make it appear so that examinees who attempt to reverse engineer their score reports will better understand the “sum of subtest to overall score discrepancy” phenomenon. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2012 journal article

Using Stylometric Techniques to Evaluate New Testament Authorship

Journal of MultiDisciplinary Evaluation, 8(19), 1–7.

By: K. Royal

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: March 5, 2021

2011 journal article

A survey of attitudes about methods of assessment

Assessment Update, 23(3), 1–15.

By: D. Eubanks & K. Royal

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: March 9, 2021

2011 journal article

An investigation of honesty check items in higher education course evaluations

Journal of College Teaching and Learning, 5(8), 39–48.

By: K. Bradley*, K. Royal* & W. Bradley*

UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
4. Quality Education (OpenAlex)
Sources: NC State University Libraries, NC State University Libraries
Added: March 22, 2021

2011 journal article

Demonstrating the Construct Stability of a Translated Exam for Family Medicine Residents

The International Journal of Educational and Psychological Assessment, 6(2), 31–41.

By: T. O Neill, M. Raddatz & K. Royal

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: March 15, 2021

2011 journal article

Evaluating the due process and crime control perspectives using Rasch measurement analysis

Journal of MultiDisciplinary Evaluation, 7(16), 48–65.

By: V. Edkins & K. Royal

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: March 15, 2021

2011 dataset

Examination of a Modified Achievement Goal Questionnaire for African American Middle School Students: A Rasch Analysis

PsycEXTRA Dataset.

By: C. Hart, K. Royal* & C. Mueller

UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
4. Quality Education (OpenAlex)
Source: ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2011 journal article

Explaining discrepancies between the sum of subtest scale-scores to total scale-scores

Rasch Measurement Transactions, 25(3), 1338.

By: K. Royal & T. ONeill

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: March 9, 2021

2011 journal article

Measuring education majors perceptions of academic misconduct: An Item Response Theory perspective

International Journal for Education Integrity, 7(1), 18–29.

By: K. Royal*, J. Parrent* & R. Clark*

UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
16. Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions (OpenAlex)
Sources: NC State University Libraries, NC State University Libraries
Added: March 15, 2021

2011 journal article

Media Review: Demonstrating Student Success: A Practical Guide to Outcomes-Based Assessment of Learning and Development in Student Affairs

Journal of Student Affairs Research and Practice, 48(3), 381–383.

By: K. Royal*

UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
4. Quality Education (OpenAlex)
Sources: ORCID, Crossref, NC State University Libraries
Added: February 11, 2019

2011 journal article

Performance on the American Board of Family Medicine (ABFM) certification examination: are superior test-taking skills alone sufficient to pass?

Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine, 24(2), 175–180.

By: T. O'Neill*, K. Royal* & J. Puffer

Contributors: . T.R. O'Neill, K. Royal* & J. Puffer

author keywords: Certification; Graduate Education; Statistical and Mixed Methods
MeSH headings : Certification / standards; Clinical Competence; Education, Medical, Graduate; Family Practice / standards; Humans; Physicians, Family / standards; Psychometrics; Test Taking Skills
TL;DR: The results affirm the notion that the ABFM certification examination is not primarily a measure of generic test-taking ability but measures information critical to the estimation of a family physician's knowledge sufficient for certification. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2011 journal article

Psychometric properties of the death anxiety scale (DAS) among terminally ill cancer patients

Journal of Psychosocial Oncology, 29(4), 359–371.

By: K. Royal & F. Elahi

Contributors: K. Royal & F. Elahi

author keywords: Rasch measurement; psychometrics; validation study; death anxiety; cancer
TL;DR: The psychometric properties of the widely used Death Anxiety Scale (DAS) on a sample of terminal cancer patients were evaluated using the Rasch Rating Scale model for data analysis. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2011 journal article

The reliability of ABFM examinations: implications for test-takers.

Annals of Family Medicine, 9(5), 463–464.

By: K. Royal* & J. Puffer

Contributors: K. Royal* & J. Puffer

MeSH headings : Certification / standards; Clinical Competence; Family Practice / standards; Humans; Psychometrics; Reproducibility of Results
TL;DR: A common theme among family physicians that have repeatedly performed poorly on the ABFM Maintenance of Certification (MC-FP) Examination is the complaint that they received a score that was identical, or almost identical to their score on a previous administration of the exam. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2011 journal article

Understanding reliability in higher education student learning outcomes assessment

Quality Assurance in Higher Education, 2(2), 8–15.

By: K. Royal

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: July 11, 2019

2011 journal article

Using the CUTLO procedure to investigate guessing

Rasch Measurement Transactions, 25(1), 1319–1320.

By: K. Royal & T. O'Neill

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: March 15, 2021

2010 journal article

Evaluating faculty perceptions of student learning outcomes: A Rasch Measurement Analysis

Journal of MultiDisciplinary Evaluation, 6(14), 18–31.

By: K. Royal*

Sources: ORCID, NC State University Libraries, NC State University Libraries
Added: July 11, 2019

2010 journal article

Exploring community college faculty perceptions of student outcomes: Findings of a pilot study

Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 34(7), 523–540.

By: K. Royal*, J. Eli* & K. Bradley*

Contributors: K. Royal*, J. Eli* & K. Bradley*

Source: ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2010 journal article

How skeptical are magicians?

Rasch Measurement Transactions, 24(3), 1291.

By: K. Royal

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: March 22, 2021

2010 journal article

Making meaningful measurement in survey research: A demonstration of the utility of the Rasch model

IR Applications, 28, 1–16.

By: K. Royal

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: March 22, 2021

2010 journal article

Rating scale optimization in survey research: An application of the Rasch Rating Scale Model

Journal of Applied Quantitative Methods, 5(4), 607–617. http://www.jaqm.ro/issues/volume-5,issue-4/7_royal_ellis_ensslen_homan.php.

By: K. Royal, A. Ensslen, A. Ellis & A. Homan

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: March 15, 2021

2008 journal article

What constitutes good educational research? A consideration of ethics, methods, and theory

Mid-Western Educational Research Journal, 21(1), 26–35.

By: K. Bradley, K. Royal, J. Cunningham, J. Eli & J. Weber

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: March 22, 2021

2006 journal article

Applying the Rasch rating scale model to gain insights into students' conceptualisation of quality mathematics instruction

Mathematics Education Research Journal, 18(2), 11–26.

By: K. Bradley*, S. Sampson* & K. Royal*

Contributors: K. Bradley*, S. Sampson* & K. Royal*

Source: ORCID
Added: February 11, 2019

2005 journal article

Evaluating Interactive Television Courses: An Identification of Factors Associated with Student Satisfaction

Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration, 8(2).

By: K. Royal, K. Bradley & G. Lineberry

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: March 22, 2021

2005 journal article

Interactive television courses and students satisfaction

Journal of Distance Learning Administration, 8(4).

By: K. Royal & K. Bradley

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: July 11, 2019

Employment

Updated: November 17th, 2022 21:17

2022 - present

Virginia Tech Blacksburg, US
Adjunct Professor College of Veterinary Medicine, Office of Academic Affairs

2022 - present

Association of American Medical Colleges Washington D.C., District of Columbia, US
Director of MCAT Research and Data Science MCAT Research and Development

2013 - 2022

The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, NC, US
Adjunct Associate Professor Family Medicine

2014 - 2022

NC State University Raleigh, NC, US
Associate Professor of Educational Assessment & Outcomes Department of Clinical Sciences

2009 - 2012

American Board of Family Medicine Lexington, KY, US
Psychometrician Psychometrics

2008 - 2012

University of Kentucky Lexington, KY, US
Adjunct Professor Educational Leadership Studies

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