Kenneth Royal

Pearce, H., Neill, C. L., Royal, K., & Pairis-Garcia, M. (2023). Can dogs help chickens? Pet owners' willingness to pay for animal welfare-friendly pet food in the United States. ANIMAL WELFARE, 32. https://doi.org/10.1017/awf.2022.3

Knight, L. T. N., Royal, K. D., & Robertson, J. B. (2023, March 6). Hurdles of Cataract Surgery: Veterinary Ophthalmology Resident's Perspective (Part B). JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION, Vol. 3. https://doi.org/10.3138/jvme-2022-0082

Knight, L. T. N., & Royal, K. (2023, March 13). Training Veterinary Ophthalmology Residents on Cataract Surgery (Part A: Diplomate's Survey). JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION, Vol. 3. https://doi.org/10.3138/jvme-2022-0081

Caddiell, R. M. P., White, P., Lascelles, B. D. X., Royal, K., Ange-van Heugten, K., & Gruen, M. E. (2023). Veterinary education and experience shape beliefs about dog breeds Part 1: Pain sensitivity. SCIENTIFIC REPORTS, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-40671-y

Caddiell, R. M. P., White, P., Lascelles, B. D. X., Royal, K., Ange-van Heugten, K., & Gruen, M. E. (2023). Veterinary education and experience shape beliefs about dog breeds. Part 2: Trust. SCIENTIFIC REPORTS, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-40464-3

Harrison, T. M., Morello, S., Royal, K., Petritz, O., & Snyder, A. (2022). Effects of gender on income and family planning for diplomates of the American College of Zoological Medicine. JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, 260(2), 251–256. https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.20.05.0250

Park, R. M., Royal, K. D., & Gruen, M. E. (2021, June 7). A Literature Review: Pet Bereavement and Coping Mechanisms. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL WELFARE SCIENCE, Vol. 6. https://doi.org/10.1080/10888705.2021.1934839

Trivedi, S., Clark, J. C., Deprospero, D., Royal, K., & See, M. T. (2021). A novel career development course for animal science students pursuing veterinary college admissions. TRANSLATIONAL ANIMAL SCIENCE, 5(3). https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txab106

Park, R. M., Gruen, M. E., & Royal, K. (2021). Association between Dog Owner Demographics and Decision to Seek Veterinary Care. VETERINARY SCIENCES, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci8010007

Stowe, D. M., Schoenfeld-Tacher, R. M., Royal, K. D., & Neel, J. A. (2021). Evaluation of Retention of Veterinary Clinical Pathology Knowledge between Second-Year and Fourth-Year Clinical Pathology Courses. Journal of Veterinary Medical Education, 48(6), 664–669. https://doi.org/10.3138/jvme-2020-0038

Trivedi, S., Clark, J. C., & Royal, K. D. (2021, May 17). The Impact of COVID-19 on Pre-Veterinary Opportunities and Recommendations for DVM Admissions. JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION, Vol. 5. https://doi.org/10.3138/jvme-2020-0145

Olin, S. J., Springer, C., & Royal, K. (2021, December 20). Veterinary Students' Use of Learning Objectives. JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION, Vol. 12. https://doi.org/10.3138/jvme-2021-0023

Royal, K. D., & Hecker, K. G. (2021, June). What Matters Most to Residency and Intern Selection Committees in Veterinary Medicine? https://doi.org/10.3138/jvme-2020-0098

Royal, K. D., & Hedgpeth, M.-W. (2020, February). A Call for an AAVMC-Led Employer Survey of Veterinary Medical School Graduates. https://doi.org/10.3138/jvme.2019-0099

Kedrowicz, A. A., & Royal, K. D. (2020). A Comparison of Public Perceptions of Physicians and Veterinarians in the United States. VETERINARY SCIENCES, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci7020050

Park, R., & Royal, K. (2020). A National Survey of Companion Animal Owners’ Self-Reported Methods of Coping Following Euthanasia. Veterinary Sciences. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci7030089

Adin, D. B., Royal, K. D., & Adin, C. A. (2020). Cross-Sectional Assessment of the Emotional Intelligence of Fourth-Year Veterinary Students and Veterinary House Officers in a Teaching Hospital. JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION, 47(2), 193–201. https://doi.org/10.3138/jvme.0518-065r

Wagner, B., Royal, K., Caddiell, R. M. P., & Pairis-Garcia, M. (2020). Identifying Barriers to Implementing Pain Management for Piglet Castration: A Focus Group of Swine Veterinarians. Animals, 10(7), 1202. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10071202

Birkenheuer, A. J., Royal, K. D., Cerreta, A., Hemstreet, D., Lunn, K. F., Gookin, J. L., & McGarvey, S. (2020). Perceptions and attitudes of Small Animal Internal Medicine specialists toward the publication requirement for board certification. JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE, 34(2), 574–580. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.15717

Royal, K. D. (2019). "Physician, Heal Yourself!" The Importance of Understanding Scripture. JOURNAL OF CHRISTIAN NURSING, Vol. 36, pp. 11–11. https://doi.org/10.1097/CNJ.0000000000000559

Royal, K. D., Hedgpeth, M.-W., & Posner, L. P. (2019). A Simple Methodology for Discerning Item Construction Flaws in Health Professions Examinations. Health Professions Education, 5(1), 82–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpe.2018.03.001

Young, N., Royal, K., Lovee, B., & Davidson, G. (2019). Baseline Knowledge of Potential Pet Toxins among the US General Public. Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science, 22(3), 219–228. https://doi.org/10.1080/10888705.2018.1473158

Adin, C., Royal, K., Roe, S., Mathews, K., Risselada, M., & Scharf, V. (2019). Comparison of still image quality between traditional 35 mm digital and GoPro cameras in a surgical setting. Journal of Visual Communication in Medicine, 42(3), 114–119. https://doi.org/10.1080/17453054.2019.1618702

Stevens, B. S., Royal, K. D., Ferris, K., Taylor, A., & Snyder, A. M. (2019). Effect of a mindfulness exercise on stress in veterinary students performing surgery. Veterinary Surgery, 48(3), 360–366. https://doi.org/10.1111/vsu.13169

Westermeyer, H. D., Druley, G. E., Royal, K. D., & Mowat, F. M. (2019). Use of a Versatile, Inexpensive Ophthalmoscopy Teaching Model in Veterinary Medical Student Education Increases Ophthalmoscopy Proficiency. JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION, 46(4), 518–522. https://doi.org/10.3138/jvme.1117-157r

DeFrancesco, T., & Royal, K. (2018). A survey of point-of-care ultrasound use in veterinary general practice. Education in the Health Professions, 1(2), 50. https://doi.org/10.4103/ehp.ehp_21_18

Royal, K. D., Hedgpeth, M. W., Jeon, T. K., & Colford, C. (2018). Automated Item Generation: The Future of Medical Education Assessment? European Medical Journal: Innovations, 2(1), 8–92.

Royal, K., & Dorman, D. (2018). Comparing Item Performance on Three- Versus Four-Option Multiple Choice Questions in a Veterinary Toxicology Course. Veterinary Sciences, 5(2), 55. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci5020055

Royal, K. D., & Erdmann, K. M. (2018). Evaluating the readability levels of medical infographic materials for public consumption. JOURNAL OF VISUAL COMMUNICATION IN MEDICINE, 41(3), 99–102. https://doi.org/10.1080/17453054.2018.1476059

Exploring Shyness among Veterinary Medical Students: Implications for Mental and Social Wellness. (2018). Veterinary Sciences. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci5020056

Royal, K. D. (2018). Forty-five common rater errors in medical and health professions education. Education in the Health Professions, 1(2), 33. https://doi.org/10.4103/ehp.ehp_27_18

Royal, K. D., & Rinaldo, J. C. (2018). How common are experimental designs in medical education? Findings from a bibliometric analysis of recent dissertations and theses. Education in the Health Professions, 1, 28–30.

Adin, C. A., Royal, K. D., Moore, B., & Jacob, M. (2018). Hydrogen peroxide plasma sterilization of a waterproof, high‐definition video camera case for intraoperative imaging in veterinary surgery. Veterinary Surgery. https://doi.org/10.1111/vsu.12904

Royal, K. D., & Hardie, E. M. (2018). Is verification of peer review service necessary to support scientific growth? The American Journal of Surgery, 216(2), 202–203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjsurg.2017.11.028

Royal, K. D. (2018). Medical Students Rate Black Female Peers as Less Socially Connected. JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, 110(2), 157–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnma.2017.04.003

Mowat, F. M., Royal, K. D., & Westermeyer, H. D. (2018). Ophthalmoscopy skills in primary care: a cross-sectional practitioner survey. VETERINARY RECORD, 182(15), 435-+. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.104569

Young, N. W., Royal, K. D., Park, M., & Davidson, G. S. (2018). Pharmacists' Knowledge of Veterinary Pharmacotherapy and the Impact of an Educational Intervention. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY TECHNOLOGY, 34(6), 244–251. https://doi.org/10.1177/8755122518794023

Royal, K. D., Temple, L. J., Neel, J. A., & Nelson, L. L. (2018). Psychometric Validation of a Medical and Health Professions Course Evaluation Questionnaire. American Journal of Educational Research, 6(1), 38–42. https://doi.org/10.12691/education-6-1-6

Royal, K. D., Sheats, M. K., & Kedrowicz, A. A. (2018). Readability Evaluations of Veterinary Client Handouts and Implications for Patient Care. TOPICS IN COMPANION ANIMAL MEDICINE, 33(2), 58–61. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.tcam.2018.03.005

Royal's Directory of Journals for Publishing Medical Education Scholarship. (2018). In Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1874197

Royal's Directory of Journals for Publishing Medical Education Scholarship. (2018). In Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1874196

Royal, K. D., Hunt, S., Scharf, V., Correa, M., & Mariani, C. (2018). Strategies Used for Making Healthy Eating Choices among Veterinary Medical Students. Journal of Veterinary Medical Education, 45(3), 364–380. https://doi.org/10.3138/jvme.0317-041r

Royal, K. (2018). Teaching Tip A Method for Evaluating Learning Evidence when Using Cumulative Final Examinations. JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION, 45(3), 343–346. https://doi.org/10.3138/jvme.0117-015r

Royal, K. D., & Hedgpeth, M.-W. (2018). Think Subscores Are a Helpful Form of Feedback? Think Again. JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION, 45(4), 567–570. https://doi.org/10.3138/jvme.0117-014r1

Sheats, M. K., Royal, K., & Kedrowicz, A. (2018). Using readability software to enhance the health literacy of equine veterinary clients: An analysis of 17 American Association of Equine Practitioners’ newsletter and website articles. Equine Veterinary Journal, 51(4), 552–555. https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.13042

Royal, K. (2018). Using “Educational Handoffs” to Improve Curricular Integration and Overcome Faculty Disconnectedness. Journal of Contemporary Medical Education, 7(2), 10. https://doi.org/10.5455/jcme.20170726074821

Royal, K. D., Hunt, S. A., Gonzalez, L. M., Lewbart, G. A., & Bailey, K. M. (2018). Veterinary Medical Students' Motivations for Exercise. Journal of Veterinary Medical Education, 45(3), 367–373. https://doi.org/10.3138/jvme.0117-004r

Royal, K. D., Hunt, S. A., Gonzalez, L. M., Lewbart, G. A., & Bailey, K. M. (2018). Veterinary Medical Students' Motivations for Exercise. Journal of Veterinary Medical Education, 1, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.3138/jvme.0117-004

Royal, K. (2017). A Guide for Making Valid Interpretations of Student Evaluation of Teaching (SET) Results. Journal of Veterinary Medical Education, 44(2), 316–322. https://doi.org/10.3138/jvme.1215-201r

Royal, K. D. (2017). A Plea to Discontinue Acknowledging “Face Validity” as a Legitimate Type of Validity Evidence. Journal of Veterinary Medical Education, 44(2), 206–206. https://doi.org/10.3138/jvme.0416-091

Royal, K. D., & Royal, R. A. (2017). An Evaluation of the Psychometric Properties of the Behavior Change Strategies for Healthy Eating Scale. Journal of Nursing Measurement, 25(3), 411–420. https://doi.org/10.1891/1061-3749.25.3.411

Young, N. W., Royal, K. D., & Davidson, G. S. (2017). Baseline knowledge of potential pet toxins: a survey of pharmacists. Pharmacy Practice, 15(4), 1058–1058. https://doi.org/10.18549/PharmPract.2017.04.1058

Royal, K., University, N. C. S., Raleigh, NC, & USA. (2017). Clarifying the Instructional Role of Faculty in Medical and Health Professions Programs. Education in Medicine Journal, 9(2), 75–77. https://doi.org/10.21315/eimj2017.9.2.10

Schoenfeld-Tacher, R. M., Horn, T. J., Scheviak, T. A., Royal, K. D., & Hudson, L. C. (2017). Evaluation of 3D Additively Manufactured Canine Brain Models for Teaching Veterinary Neuroanatomy. JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION, 44(4), 612–619. https://doi.org/10.3138/jvme.0416-080r

Royal, K. D. (2017). Four tenets of modern validity theory for medical education assessment and evaluation. ADVANCES IN MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE, 8, 567–570. https://doi.org/10.2147/amep.s139492

Royal, K. D., & Zakrajsek, T. (2017). Good teaching is not a race to cover content: Less can be more. Earn, Nose & Throat Journal, 96(10-11), 402-.

Royal, K. (2017). Improving student wellness by promoting social fitness. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 251(8), 890–890. https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.251.8.890.

Royal, K. D. (2017). Improving student wellness by promoting social fitness.

Royal, K. D. (2017, April). Quality Teaching Matters More than Innovative Curricula. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2016.11.014

Martinelli, S. M., Chen, F., DiLorenzo, A. N., Mayer, D. C., Fairbanks, S., Moran, K., … Schell, R. M. (2017). Results of a Flipped Classroom Teaching Approach in Anesthesiology Residents. Journal of Graduate Medical Education, 6. https://doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-17-00128.1

Royal, K. (2017). Robust (and Ethical) Educational Research Designs. Journal of Veterinary Medical Education, 6, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.3138/jvme.1015-162r1

Sun, L., & Royal, K. D. (2017). School Climate in American Secondary Schools: A Psychometric Examination of PISA 2009 School Climate Scale. Journal of Curriculum and Teaching. https://doi.org/10.5430/jct.v6n2p6

Greene, L. M., Royal, K. D., Bradley, J. M., Lascelles, B. D. X., Johnson, L. R., & Hawkins, E. C. (2017). Severity of Nasal Inflammatory Disease Questionnaire for Canine Idiopathic Rhinitis Control: Instrument Development and Initial Validity Evidence. JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE, 31(1), 134–141. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.14629

Royal, K. D. (2017). Success Rates Depend on the Appropriateness of the Outcome Measures. Journal of Methods and Measurement in the Social Sciences, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.2458/jmm.v7i1.21282

Royal, K. D., & Flammer, K. (2017). Survey Incentives in Medical Education: What Do Students Say Will Entice Them to Participate in Surveys? Medical Science Educator, 27(2), 339–344. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40670-017-0407-3

Royal, K. D., & Hedgpeth, M. W. (2017). The Prevalence of Item Construction Flaws in Medical School Examinations and Innovative Recommendations for Improvement. European Medical Journal, 1(1), 61–66. Retrieved from http://emjreviews.com/wp-content/uploads/The-Prevalence-of-Item-Construction-Flaws-in-Medical-School-Examinations-and-Innovative-Recommendations-for-Improvement.pdf

Royal, K. D., & Stockdale, M. R. (2017). The impact of 3-option responses to multiple-choice questions on guessing strategies and cut score determinations. Journal of Advances in Medical Education and Professionalism, 5(2), 84–89. Retrieved from http://jamp.sums.ac.ir/index.php/JAMP/article/view/725/145

Royal, K. D., & Kedrowicz, A. K. (2017). Turning a blind eye: How lack of communication with ER nurses nearly cost a patient permanent vision loss. Patient Experience Journal, 4(3), 12–14.

Royal, K. D. (2017). Understanding the Cognitive Development of Medical Students and Residents. Education for Primary Care, 28(6), 356–356. https://doi.org/10.1080/14739879.2017.1344880

Royal, K. D., Neel, J. A., Munana, K. R., & Flammer, K. (2017). Using a Modified Bookmark Procedure to Help Identify Reasonable Consequences for Academic Integrity Violations. Journal of Veterinary Medical Education, 7(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.3138/jvme.0816-126r2

Royal, K. (2017). Using the Spearman-Brown Prophecy Formula to Improve Medical School Examination Quality. Journal of Contemporary Medical Education, 5(2), 1. https://doi.org/10.5455/jcme.20170705091608

Royal, K. D. (2017). Why Veterinary Medical Educators Should Embrace Cumulative Final Exams. Journal of Veterinary Medical Education, 1, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.3138/jvme.0216-035r

Royal, K. (2016, November). "Face validity'' is not a legitimate type of validity evidence. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY, Vol. 212, pp. 1026–1027. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjsurg.2016.02.018

Royal, K. D., Flammer, K., Borst, L., Huckle, J., Barter, H., & Neel, J. (2016). A Comprehensive Wellness Program for Veterinary Medical Education: Design and Implementation at North Carolina State University. International Journal of Higher Education, 6(1), 74. https://doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v6n1p74

Royal, K. D. (2016). A Guide for Assessing the Interpretive Validity of Student Evaluations of Teaching in Medical Schools. Medical Science Educator, 26(4), 711–717. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40670-016-0325-9

Royal, K. D., & Gonzalez, L. M. (2016). An Evaluation of the Psychometric Properties of an Advising Survey for Medical and Professional Program Students. Journal of Educational and Developmental Psychology, 6(1), 195. https://doi.org/10.5539/jedp.v6n1p195

Royal, K. D., Kedrowicz, A. A., & Snyder, A. M. (2016). Do All Dogs Go to Heaven? Investigating the Association between Demographic Characteristics and Beliefs about Animal Afterlife. ANTHROZOOS, 29(3), 409–420. https://doi.org/10.1080/08927936.2016.1189748

Walker, A. A., Engelhard, G., Hedgpeth, M. W., & Royal, K. D. (2016). Exploring Aberrant Responses Using Person Fit and Person Response Functions. Journal of Applied Measurement.

Snyder, A. M., & Royal, K. D. (2016). Investigating the Financial Awareness and Behaviors of Veterinary Medical Students. International Journal of Economics and Finance. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v8n7p201

Stockdale, M., & Royal, K. (2016). Missing data as a validity threat for medical and healthcare education research: problems and solutions. International Journal of Healthcare, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.5430/ijh.v2n2p67

Royal, K. D., Cannedy, A. L., & Dent, G. A. (2016, July). More on Diversity and Inclusion in Academic Medicine: The Isolation of Black Females. https://doi.org/10.1097/acm.0000000000001215

Royal, K. (2016, February). More on standard setting. https://doi.org/10.1111/tct.12482

Royal, K. D., Munana, K. R., & Neel, J. A. (2016). Prohibiting Students from Asking Questions during Exams: A Guideline for Promoting Fairness and Preserving Score Validity. Journal of Veterinary Medical Education, 8(2), 1–3. https://doi.org/10.3138/jvme.0316-054r

Royal, K. D., & Hecker, K. G. (2016). Rater Errors in Clinical Performance Assessments. JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION, 43(1), 5–8. https://doi.org/10.3138/jvme.0715-112r

Kedrowicz, A. A., Royal, K. D., & Flammer, K. (2016). Social Media and Impression Management: Veterinary Medicine Students' and Faculty Members' Attitudes toward the Acceptability of Social Media Posts. Journal of Advances in Medical Education and Professionalism, 4(4), 155–162. Retrieved from http://jamp.sums.ac.ir/index.php/JAMP/article/view/605

Royal, K., Hedgpeth, M.-W., & McWhorter, D. (2016). Students' Perceptions of and Experiences With Educational Technology: A Survey. JMIR Medical Education. https://doi.org/10.2196/mededu.5135

Royal, K., Hedgpeth, M.-W., Mulkey, J., & Fremer, J. (2016). The 10 most wanted test cheaters in medical education. MEDICAL EDUCATION, 50(12), 1241–1244. https://doi.org/10.1111/medu.13096

Royal, K. (2016). The Impact of Item Sequence Order on Local Item Dependence: An Item Response Theory Perspective. Survey Practice, 9(5). Retrieved from http://surveypractice.org/index.php/SurveyPractice/article/view/344/html_78

Royal, K. D., & Rinaldo, J. C. B. (2016). There's Education, and Then There's Education in Medicine. Journal of Advances in Medical Education and Professionalism, 4(3), 150–154.

Royal, K. D., & Hecker, K. G. (2016). [Review of Understanding Reliability: A Review for Veterinary Educators]. JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION, 43(1), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.3138/jvme.0315-030r

Royal, K. D., & Guskey, T. R. (2015). A Case for Differentiated Grades. Med.Sci.Educ., 25(3), 323–325. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40670-015-0127-5

Royal, K. D., Hedgpeth, M. W., Smith, K. W., & Kirk, D. (2015). A Method for Investigating "Instructional Familiarity" and Discerning Authentic Learning. ANNALS OF MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES RESEARCH, 5(6), 428–434. https://doi.org/10.4103/2141-9248.177990

Royal, K. D., & Hedgpeth, M.-W. (2015). A Novel Method for Evaluating Examination Item Quality. IJPS, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.5539/ijps.v7n1p17

Royal, K. (2015). A cautionary note about focus groups in medical education. Education for Primary Care, 26(6), 449–449. https://doi.org/10.1080/14739879.2015.1101862

Latessa, R., Beaty, N., Royal, K., Colvin, G., Pathman, D. E., & Heck, J. (2015). Academic outcomes of a community-based longitudinal integrated clerkships program. Medical Teacher, 37(9), 862–867. https://doi.org/10.3109/0142159X.2015.1009020

Royal, K. D., & Hedgpeth, M.-W. (2015). Balancing Test Length with Sufficiently Reliable Scores. EIMJ, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.5959/eimj.v7i1.321

Magallanes, F., Stoskopf, M. K., & Royal, K. D. (2015). Building Collaborative Learning Opportunities between Future Veterinary and Design Professionals. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 3(5), 43–51. https://doi.org/10.11114/jets.v3i5.852

Royal, K. D., Schoenfeld-Tacher, R. M., & Flammer, K. (2015). Comparing Veterinary Student and Faculty Perceptions of Academic Misconduct. International Research in Higher Education, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.5430/irhe.v1n1p81

Schoenfeld-Tacher, R. M., Royal, K. D., & Flammer, K. (2015). Differences Among Veterinary Students’ and Faculty Members’ Perceptions of Appropriate Interactions with Corporate Entities at One US College of Veterinary Medicine. Medical Science Educator, 26(1), 35–38. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40670-015-0213-8

Royal, K. D., & Guskey, T. R. (2015). Does Mathematical Precision Ensure Valid Grades? What Every Veterinary Medical Educator Should Know. JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION, 42(3), 242–244. https://doi.org/10.3138/jvme.0115-005r1

Schoenfeld-Tacher, R. M., Kogan, L. R., Meyer-Parsons, B., Royal, K. D., & Shaw, J. R. (2015). Educational Research Report: Changes in Students' Levels of Empathy during the Didactic Portion of a Veterinary Program. Journal of Veterinary Medical Education, 42(3), 194–205. https://doi.org/10.3138/jvme.0115-007r

Webb, X. J., Royal, K. D., & Nash, J. B. (2015). Examining Job Satisfaction among Kentucky Head Principals Using the Rasch Rating Scale Model. JSE, 5(3), 135. https://doi.org/10.5296/jse.v5i3.8152

Stonkus, M. A., & Royal, K. D. (2015). Further Validation of the Inventory of Mental Toughness Factors in Sport (IMTF-S). IJPS, 7(3). https://doi.org/10.5539/ijps.v7n3p35

Royal, K. D., Hedgpeth, M.-W., Bynum, D., & Colford, C. (2015). How Much Content Knowledge Do Graduating Medical Students Retain from Their Pre-Clinical and Clinical Courses? Medical Science Educator, 26(1), 117–122. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40670-015-0218-3

Royal, K. D., Schoenfeld-Tacher, R., Kedrowicz, A. A., Hardie, E. M., & Flammer, K. (2015). Measuring Factors that Influence Decisions to Become a Veterinarian. Research and Development in Medical Education, 4(1), 23–29. https://doi.org/10.15171/rdme.2015.004

Royal, K. D., & Walter, R. A. (2015). On Requiring Medical Student Participation on Course and Faculty Evaluations: Ethical and Methodological Implications. Journal of Research in Medical Education & Ethics, 5(3), 195. https://doi.org/10.5958/2231-6728.2015.00040.2

Royal, K. D., & Guskey, T. R. (2015). On the appropriateness of norm- and criterion-referenced assessments in medical education. Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal, 94(7), 252-.

Royal, K. D., Guskey, T. R., & Ear, nose. (2015). On the appropriateness of norm- and criterion-referenced assessments in medical education. & Throat Journal, 94(7), 252–254. Retrieved from http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/26214661

Royal, K. D., Henderson, A. G., & Hedgpeth, M.-W. (2015). Post-Exam Reviews: A Consideration of Costs and Unintended Consequences. Med.Sci.Educ., 25(3), 327–329. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40670-015-0140-8

Bynum, D., Colford, C., & Royal, K. (2015). Teaching medical students the art of the 'write-up'. Clinical Teacher, 12(4), 246–249. https://doi.org/10.1111/tct.12304

Thomas R. O'Neill, Sun, L., Peabody, M. R., & Royal, K. D. (2015). The Impact of Repeated Exposure to Items. TEACHING AND LEARNING IN MEDICINE, 27(4), 404–409. https://doi.org/10.1080/10401334.2015.1077131

O'Neill, T. R., Li, Z., Peabody, Lybarger, M., Royal, K., & Puffer, J. C. (2015). The Predictive Validity of the ABFM's In-Training Examination. Family Medicine, 47(5), 349–356. Retrieved from http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/25905876

Royal, K. D., & Stockdale, M. R. (2015). The myth of learning styles: What medical educators need to know. Ear, Nose and Throat Journal, 94(4-5), 132–134. Retrieved from http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84949487901&partnerID=MN8TOARS

Royal, K. D., Stockdale, M. R., & Ear, nose. (2015). The myth of teaching styles: What medical educators need to know [Editorial]. & Throat Journal, 94(4-5), 132–134. Retrieved from http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/25923265

O’Neill, T. R., Li, Z., Peabody, M. R., Lybarger, M., Royal, K., & Puffer, J. C. (2015). The predictive validity of the ABFM’s in-training examination. Family Medicine, 47(5), 349–356. Retrieved from http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84929091868&partnerID=MN8TOARS

Royal, K. D. (2015). Using the Nudge and Shove Methods to Adjust Item Difficulty Values. Journal of Veterinary Medical Education, 42(3), 239–241. https://doi.org/10.3138/jvme.0115-008r

Madanick, R. D., Brown, D. L., Royal, K., Palmer, J., & Isaacs, K. L. (2014). 436 Feasibility and Acceptability of a Mobile Application for Point-of-Care Data Collection in Assessing Trainee Skills During Colonoscopy Training: a Pilot Study. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, 79(5), AB139–AB140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2014.02.097

Royal, K. D., & Dent, G. A. (2014). A Novel Approach for Investigating Curricular Redundancy. EIMJ, 6(4). https://doi.org/10.5959/eimj.v6i4.285

Royal, K. D., Gilliland, K. O., & Dent, G. A. (2014). A student-led methodology for evaluating curricular redundancy. Journal of MultiDisciplinary Evaluation, 10(23), 1–8.

Royal, K. D., Kernick, E. T., & Gilliland, K. O. (2014). Are Repeat Exam Scores Trustworthy? A Note about Measurement Error and the Need for Genuine Instructional Remediation. Med.Sci.Educ., 24(1), 39–41. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40670-014-0011-8

Royal, K. D., & Stockdale, M. R. (2014). Are Teacher Course Evaluations Biased Against Faculty That Teach Quantitative Methods Courses? IJHE, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v4n1p217

Schulte, B. M., Mannino, D. M., Royal, K. D., Brown, S. L., Peterson, L. E., & Puffer, J. C. (2014). Community size and organization of practice predict family physician recertification success. Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine, 27(3), 383–390. https://doi.org/10.3122/jabfm.2014.03.130016

Royal, K. D., & Akers, L. (2014). Social Network Analysis and Rasch Measurement as Complementary Methods. Rasch Measurement Transactions, 28(2), 1466–1467.

Street, S. E., Gilliland, K. O., McNeil, C., & Royal, K. (2014). The Flipped Classroom Improved Medical Student Performance and Satisfaction in a Pre-clinical Physiology Course. Med.Sci.Educ., 25(1), 35–43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40670-014-0092-4

Royal, K. D., & Puffer, J. C. (2014). The consequential validity of ABFM examinations. Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine, 27(3), 430–431. https://doi.org/10.3122/jabfm.2014.03.140089

Royal, K. D., & Puffer, J. C. (2014). The consequential validity of ABFM examinations. Annals of Family Medicine, 12(3), 280–282. https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.1647

Royal, K. D., Gilliland, K. O., & Kernick, E. T. (2014). Using Rasch measurement to score, evaluate, and improve examinations in an anatomy course. Anatomical Sciences Education, 7(6), 450–460. https://doi.org/10.1002/ase.1436

Royal, K. D., Smith, K. W., Foster, J. H., & Hedgpeth, M.-W. (2014). You Say Tomato, I Say “Tomahto”: the Semantics of Blended Learning. Med.Sci.Educ., 25(1), 81–82. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40670-014-0093-3

Royal, K. D., & Raddatz, M. M. (2013). A cautionary tale about item equating with fluctuating samples. Rasch Measurement Transactions, 27(2), 1417.

Royal, K. D., & Puffer, J. C. (2013). A closer look at recertification candidate pass rates. Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine, 26(4), 478–489. https://doi.org/10.3122/jabfm.2013.04.130134

Royal, K. D., & Puffer, J. C. (2013). A closer look at recertification candidate pass rates. Annals of Family Medicine, 11(4), 389–390. https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.1556

Royal, K., & Brosh, A. (2013). A more accurate pain scale? Rasch Measurement Transactions, 26(4), 1398.

Royal, K. D., & Thompson, J. M. (2013). A psychometric validation of the beliefs toward mental illness scale. Journal of Nursing Measurement, 21(3), 516–524. https://doi.org/10.1891/1061-3749.21.3.516

Hart, C. O., Mueller, C. E., Royal, K. D., & Jones, M. H. (2013). Achievement Goal Validation Among African American High School Students: CFA and Rasch Results. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 31(3), 284–299. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734282912466726

Royal, K. D., & Puffer, J. C. (2013). Criterion-referenced examinations: implications for the reporting and interpretation of examination results. Annals of Family Medicine, 11(2), 185–187. https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.1524

Royal, K. D., & Eli, J. A. (2013). Developing a psychometric ruler: An alternative presentation of Rasch Measurement output. Journal of Applied Quantitative Methods, 8(3), 1–10.

Royal, K. D., & Puffer, J. C. (2013). Dimensionality of the maintenance of certification for family physicians examination: Evidence of construct validity. Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine, 26(3), 342–344. https://doi.org/10.3122/jabfm.2013.03.130079

Royal, K. D., & Puffer, J. C. (2013). Dimensionality of the maintenance of certification for family physicians examination: evidence of construct validity. Annals of Family Medicine, 11(3), 286–288. https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.1536

Royal, K. D. (2013). G. ENGELHARD, JR. (2013) Invariant Measurement: Using Rasch Models in the Social, Behavioral, and Health Sciences.: New York: Routledge. 312 pages. US$44.95. ISBN: 978-0-415-87125-9. Psychometrika, 79(4), 733–735. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11336-013-9398-1

Royal, K. D., & Hedgpeth, M. W. (2013). Investigating guessing strategies and their success rates on items of varying difficulty levels. Rasch Measurement Transactions, 27(1), 1407–1408.

Royal, K. D., & Lybarger, M. (2013). Is now the time for a Rasch measurement MOOC? Rasch Measurement Transactions, 27(3), 1437–1438.

Royal, K., & Gregg, J. (2013). Objectively Measuring Change across Time in Higher Education Assessment. Journal of Assessment and Institutional Effectiveness, 3(1), 19. https://doi.org/10.5325/jasseinsteffe.3.1.0019

Jones, M. H., Mueller, C. E., Royal, K. D., Shim, S. S., & Hart, C. O. (2013). Social Achievement Goals: Validation Among Rural African American Adolescents. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 31(6), 566–577. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734282913483982

Royal, K. D. (2012). A suggestion for taking Rasch-based survey results even further. Rasch Measurement Transactions, 25(4), 1341.

Royal, K. D., & Puffer, J. C. (2012). Cheating: Its implications for American Board of Family Medicine examinees. Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine, 25(3), 400–401. https://doi.org/10.3122/jabfm.2012.03.120049

Royal, K. D., & Puffer, J. C. (2012). Cheating: its implications for ABFM examinees. Annals of Family Medicine, 10(3), 274–275. https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.1408

Mueller, C. E., Hart, C. O., Royal, K. D., & Jones, M. H. (2012). Examining Achievement Goal Orientations in Rural African American High School Students: CFA Results. PsycEXTRA Dataset. https://doi.org/10.1037/e641402012-001

Royal, K. D. (2012). Measuring Liberal/Conservative Voting Tendencies among U.S. Senators. Rasch Measurement Transactions, 26(2), 1366–1367.

Royal, K. D., & Thompson, J. M. (2012). Measuring protestant Christians' willingness to seek professional psychological help for mental illness: A Rasch Measurement analysis. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 31(3), 195–204.

Royal, K. D., & Puffer, J. C. (2012). The reliability of american board of family medicine examinations: Implications for test takers. Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine, 25(1), 131–133. https://doi.org/10.3122/jabfm.2012.01.110292

Royal, K. D., Puffer, J. C., & Family Medicine, S. (2012). Understanding the "sum of subtest to overall score discrepancy" on the MC-FP examination. Annals of Family Medicine, 10(1), 81–82. https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.1358

Royal, K. D., & Puffer, J. C. (2012). Understanding the "sum of subtest to overall score discrepancy" on the maintenance of certification-family practice examination. Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine, 25(2), 260–261. https://doi.org/10.3122/jabfm.2012.02.120003

Royal, K. D. (2012). Using Stylometric Techniques to Evaluate New Testament Authorship. Journal of MultiDisciplinary Evaluation, 8(19), 1–7.

Eubanks, D. A., & Royal, K. D. (2011). A survey of attitudes about methods of assessment. Assessment Update, 23(3), 1–15.

O Neill, T. R., Raddatz, M., & Royal, K. D. (2011). Demonstrating the Construct Stability of a Translated Exam for Family Medicine Residents. The International Journal of Educational and Psychological Assessment, 6(2), 31–41.

Edkins, V. A., & Royal, K. D. (2011). Evaluating the due process and crime control perspectives using Rasch measurement analysis. Journal of MultiDisciplinary Evaluation, 7(16), 48–65.

Hart, C. O., Royal, K. D., & Mueller, C. E. (2011). Examination of a Modified Achievement Goal Questionnaire for African American Middle School Students: A Rasch Analysis. PsycEXTRA Dataset. https://doi.org/10.1037/e696352011-001

Royal, K. D., & ONeill, T. R. (2011). Explaining discrepancies between the sum of subtest scale-scores to total scale-scores. Rasch Measurement Transactions, 25(3), 1338.

Royal, K. D., Parrent, J., & Clark, R. (2011). Measuring education majors perceptions of academic misconduct: An Item Response Theory perspective. International Journal for Education Integrity, 7(1), 18–29. https://doi.org/10.21913/IJEI.v7i1.741

Royal, K. D. (2011). Media Review: Demonstrating Student Success: A Practical Guide to Outcomes-Based Assessment of Learning and Development in Student Affairs. Journal of Student Affairs Research and Practice, 48(3), 381–383. https://doi.org/10.2202/1949-6605.6314

O'Neill, T. R., Royal, K. D., & Puffer, J. C. (2011). Performance on the American Board of Family Medicine (ABFM) certification examination: are superior test-taking skills alone sufficient to pass? Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine, 24(2), 175–180. https://doi.org/10.3122/jabfm.2011.02.100162

Royal, K. D., & Elahi, F. (2011). Psychometric properties of the death anxiety scale (DAS) among terminally ill cancer patients. Journal of Psychosocial Oncology, 29(4), 359–371. https://doi.org/10.1080/07347332.2011.582639

Royal, K. D., & Puffer, J. C. (2011). The reliability of ABFM examinations: implications for test-takers. Annals of Family Medicine, 9(5), 463–464. https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.1303

Royal, K. D. (2011). Understanding reliability in higher education student learning outcomes assessment. Quality Assurance in Higher Education, 2(2), 8–15.

Royal, K. D., & O'Neill, T. R. (2011). Using the CUTLO procedure to investigate guessing. Rasch Measurement Transactions, 25(1), 1319–1320.

Royal, K. D. (2010). Evaluating faculty perceptions of student learning outcomes: A Rasch Measurement Analysis. Journal of MultiDisciplinary Evaluation, 6(14), 18–31.

Royal, K. D., Eli, J. A., & Bradley, K. D. (2010). Exploring community college faculty perceptions of student outcomes: Findings of a pilot study. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 34(7), 523–540. https://doi.org/10.1080/10668920701827025

Royal, K. D. (2010). How skeptical are magicians? Rasch Measurement Transactions, 24(3), 1291.

Royal, K. D. (2010). Making meaningful measurement in survey research: A demonstration of the utility of the Rasch model. IR Applications, 28, 1–16.

Royal, K. D., Ensslen, A., Ellis, A., & Homan, A. (2010). Rating scale optimization in survey research: An application of the Rasch Rating Scale Model. Journal of Applied Quantitative Methods, 5(4), 607–617. Retrieved from http://www.jaqm.ro/issues/volume-5,issue-4/7_royal_ellis_ensslen_homan.php.

Bradley, K. D., Royal, K. D., & Bradley, W. B. (2008). An investigation of honesty check items in higher education course evaluations. Journal of College Teaching and Learning, 5(8), 39–48. https://doi.org/10.19030/tlc.v5i8.1240

Bradley, K. D., Royal, K. D., Cunningham, J. C., Eli, J. A., & Weber, J. (2008). What constitutes good educational research? A consideration of ethics, methods, and theory. Mid-Western Educational Research Journal, 21(1), 26–35.

Bradley, K. D., Sampson, S. O., & Royal, K. D. (2006). Applying the Rasch rating scale model to gain insights into students' conceptualisation of quality mathematics instruction. Mathematics Education Research Journal, 18(2), 11–26. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03217433

Royal, K. D., Bradley, K. D., & Lineberry, G. T. (2005). Evaluating Interactive Television Courses: An Identification of Factors Associated with Student Satisfaction. Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration, 8(2).

Royal, K. D., & Bradley, K. D. (2005). Interactive television courses and students satisfaction. Journal of Distance Learning Administration, 8(4).

Royal, K. On Algorithms, ‘Big Data’ and the Future of Psychometrics. Authorea. https://doi.org/10.22541/au.149240152.20345892