@article{nartker_annett-hitchcock_hoque_2022, title={Consumer perceptions and concerns regarding aesthetic attributes of textile-based assistive devices: a qualitative analysis of online retail product reviews}, volume={8}, ISSN={["1560-6074"]}, DOI={10.1108/RJTA-01-2022-0005}, abstractNote={
Purpose
The purpose of this paper was to examine consumer perceptions of aesthetic attributes of textile-based assistive devices (ADs) and the language used by consumers to express those perceptions and concerns. Previous investigations of user feedback for ADs have largely focused on functional attributes rather than aesthetics.


Design/methodology/approach
An interpretivist research philosophy was selected to investigate the meaning behind consumer perceptions and to understand their viewpoints on the aesthetic dimensions of ADs. Using product reviews for two ADs sold on Amazon.com as data, the researchers conducted qualitative data analysis through coding and interpretation of meanings behind reviews to determine consumers’ perceptions related to their ADs.


Findings
The authors identified consumer concerns linking to aesthetics evidenced as a multisensory integration of visual, tactile and olfactory cues. Consumer-preferred language used to address aesthetic preferences was found to supplement the literature. Aesthetic considerations were found to be impactful on avoiding stigma and encouraging or discouraging continued use of the devices.


Practical implications
Findings may contribute to the development of textile-based ADs with improved aesthetics to enhance user experiences. New ways of using consumer language to interpret user needs may assist in future research and design practice for consumer products.


Originality/value
The use of consumer product reviews as a rich source of user data is discussed in this paper. As previous research on assistive technology has largely focused on functionality, results of this analysis offer insight into consumers’ aesthetic judgments related to ADs and bring a sensory perspective to the research area.
}, journal={RESEARCH JOURNAL OF TEXTILE AND APPAREL}, author={Nartker, Kate and Annett-Hitchcock, Kate and Hoque, S. M. Azizul}, year={2022}, month={Aug} }
 @article{kincade_annett-hitchcock_2021, title={A retrospect on the US apparel industry: expert predictions and reality data}, volume={5}, ISSN={["1560-6074"]}, DOI={10.1108/RJTA-11-2020-0130}, abstractNote={
Purpose
In 1978, the once powerful US apparel industry was on the cusp of change, and the consulting firm KSA conducted a Delphi survey of apparel executives’ predictions into the 2000s. The purpose of this paper is to compare actual changes over the subsequent decades with these 1978 expert predictions and explore the accuracy/inaccuracy of these “educated guesses” (KSA, 1978, p. 1).


Design/methodology/approach
The chorographic method was used to analyze the report and document historical data. Chorography is “concerned with significance of place, regional characterization, [and] local history […]” (Rohl, 2012, p.1) and includes contextual settings and researcher input. Primary data were examined during each decade and included: industry literature, government documents and labor data. The researchers used content analysis to reduce and organize data.


Findings
Findings cover three decades of Southeast US apparel industry data including imports, employment, number of plants, size of plants and productivity. Predictions were inaccurate about imports, predicted to be minor in comparison with domestic production, which they actually surpassed. Predicted decrease in employment was similar to actual decrease but reasons were inaccurate. Change in number and size of plants were over-predicted and under-predicted. Reasons given by experts were automation and government intervention; in actuality, limited automation occurred with insignificant impact in contrast to outsourcing, which decimated employment in US plants. Steady increase in productivity was predicted when productivity often decreased.


Originality/value
Previous studies focus on the textile sector; studies of the apparel sector tend to be regional or topical. This study is more expansive and provides insight into predictions and changes made in the US apparel industry at a critical time in its near demise. With the current climate of global change and increased market uncertainty, insights from this study may provide direction for rethinking of the domestic apparel industry for the USA and other developed countries.
}, journal={RESEARCH JOURNAL OF TEXTILE AND APPAREL}, author={Kincade, Doris H. and Annett-Hitchcock, Kate E.}, year={2021}, month={May} }
 @article{annett-hitchcock_porterfield_absher_buie_mathur_2020, title={Clothing Experiences of Consumers with Body Asymmetry and their Interaction with Three-Dimensional (3D) Visualization Technology}, volume={14}, ISSN={2325-1328 2325-1360}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/2325-1328/cgp/v14i04/1-18}, DOI={10.18848/2325-1328/cgp/v14i04/1-18}, number={4}, journal={The International Journal of Design in Society}, publisher={Common Ground Research Networks}, author={Annett-Hitchcock, Kate and Porterfield, Anne and Absher, Katherine and Buie, Timothy and Mathur, Kavita}, year={2020}, pages={1–18} }
 @article{annett-hitchcock_2020, title={On Being a Female Entrepreneur in the Arts: Comparative Experiences}, volume={2}, ISSN={2693-7271}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.46776/jaee.v2.61}, DOI={10.46776/jaee.v2.61}, abstractNote={This essay explores some of the issues facing female arts entrepreneurs by establishing findings from research data and comparing these findings with the experiences of two established international women artists from the culinary world and contemporary music, respectively. Themes such as revenue inequality, struggles by women to find and maintain venture capital and the dilemma of how to label women in the arts are joined by emerging conversations about the role of art in business, the importance of giving and receiving support, the dilemma of balancing family life, especially with partners who are also artistically engaged, and the role of motherhood. Implications and recommendations for further discussions in arts entrepreneurship education are provided as channels for change. }, number={1}, journal={Journal of Arts Entrepreneurship Education}, publisher={Journal of Arts Entrepreneurship Education, University of Memphis}, author={Annett-Hitchcock, Katherine}, year={2020}, month={Oct}, pages={57–64} }
 @inproceedings{farashahi_annett-hitchcock_2019, place={Manchester, UK}, title={Challenges faced by apparel and textile entrepreneurs seeking US production and sourcing–a study of startup survey data}, ISBN={978-1-910029-44-2}, url={http://fashioninstitute.mmu.ac.uk/documents/iffti2019.pdf}, booktitle={Fashion: ID}, publisher={International Foundation of Fashion Technology Institute}, author={Farashahi, B. and Annett-Hitchcock, K.}, editor={Miller, Melanie, Dr.Editor}, year={2019}, pages={140–149} }
 @article{yin_annett-hitchcock_2019, title={Comparison of body measurements between Chinese and U.S. females}, volume={110}, ISSN={0040-5000 1754-2340}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00405000.2019.1617531}, DOI={10.1080/00405000.2019.1617531}, abstractNote={Abstract The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences of body measurements and body shape between U.S. and Chinese young females and to examine how well national clothing sizing standards used for the apparel industry in each country meet the sizing demands of current young females. 400 Chinese females and 340 U.S. females, aging from 18 to 35, were chosen for comparison. Twenty-four critical body measurements were involved to define the differences or similarities and compare them with national sizing standards. It was found that compared with Chinese young females, U.S. young females were generally taller, heavier and had a higher percentage of Talls and much lower percentage of Petites. The three most common body types for both U.S. and Chinese young females were: spoon, bottom hourglass and hourglass, though distribution of body shape was different from each other. Body size of Chinese subjects was consistent with Chinese sizing standards, except for Arm Length and Across Shoulder. Nine body dimensions of U.S. subjects had significant differences from American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards. This study could provide valuable information for standardizing organizations in their attempts to improve apparel sizing systems, as well as contributing to development of international sizing standards.}, number={12}, journal={The Journal of The Textile Institute}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Yin, Ling and Annett-Hitchcock, Katherine}, year={2019}, month={May}, pages={1716–1724} }
 @article{farashahi_easter_annett-hitchcock_2018, title={Price and perceived product quality: a comparison of denim jeans in three price categories}, volume={22}, ISSN={["1758-7433"]}, DOI={10.1108/jfmm-10-2017-0104}, abstractNote={
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to compare a set of product specifications to evaluate appearance and performance characteristics of denim jeans at three price categories, and identify any relationships between price and product quality.


Design/methodology/approach
This research is as a quasi-experimental laboratory study. The product specifications of jeans are identified. Next, the appearance and performance characteristics of jeans are examined initially and after one and five repeated laundering cycles. The data are analyzed within and between each price category to identify any possible relationship between price and product quality.


Findings
The price category of jeans does not necessarily reflect different dimensions of product quality. Although higher priced jeans had superior product specifications and visual appearance, they did not show superior performance with respect to all elements of fit, durability, and color performance when these three factors were measured through laboratory testing.


Research limitations/implications
The limitations of this study from a research perspective include a small sample size, gender-focused sample selection. and the focus on only three retail categories. These limitations impact the generalizability of the results but could serve as a basis for similar studies. The evaluated product quality attributes were limited to intrinsic/measurable characteristics. Future studies should consider the extrinsic attributes of quality, especially as they are related to consumer’s purchasing decision.


Practical implications
Retailers in moderate and budget price categories can benefit from educating consumers about the quality attributes of jeans that would ultimately influence their post-purchase experience and are not necessarily related to the product’s price category. Educators can use this information to assist in teaching students about the multiple dimensions of materials and assembly choices, and how this will impact their final products as they are learning the apparel product development process.


Originality/value
The focus of this study on the quantification of intrinsic product attributes is unique and provides measurable data for product evaluation by consumer researchers and industry. The results of this research identify the strengths and weaknesses in the appearance and performance characteristics of jeans in different price categories, and how those may affect consumers’ purchase intention.
}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF FASHION MARKETING AND MANAGEMENT}, author={Farashahi, Behnoosh Ghaani and Easter, Elizabeth and Annett-Hitchcock, Kate}, year={2018}, pages={369–386} }
 @inproceedings{annett-hitchcock_relyea_2017, title={All fashion is local: Assessing the needs of fashion and textile startups in an era of global fashion dissonance}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the International Fashion Federation of Technical Institutes, Amsterdam, Netherlands, March 28-31, 2017.}, author={Annett-Hitchcock, K. and Relyea, R}, year={2017} }
 @article{west_annett-hitchcock_2016, title={The Development of an Herb-Infused Bag that Regenerates Aromatherapy Textiles}, volume={10}, ISSN={2325-1379 2325-1395}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/2325-1379/cgp/v10i02/17-30}, DOI={10.18848/2325-1379/cgp/v10i02/17-30}, number={2}, journal={The International Journal of Designed Objects}, publisher={Common Ground Research Networks}, author={West, Andre and Annett-Hitchcock, Katherine}, year={2016}, pages={17–30} }
 @inbook{annett-hitchcock_2015, title={Fashion And Disability}, booktitle={Fashion Design for Living}, publisher={Abingdon, Oxon ; New York : Routledge}, author={Annett-Hitchcock, K.}, year={2015} }
 @article{annett-hitchcock_xu_2015, title={Shopping and virtual communities for consumers with physical disabilities}, volume={39}, ISSN={1470-6423}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12161}, DOI={10.1111/ijcs.12161}, abstractNote={AbstractThe purpose of this exploratory study was to investigate the use of virtual communities for clothing shopping by consumers with physical disabilities, and to explore the role that these communities play in their clothing shopping experiences. An international virtual community created for consumers with disabilities was identified using keywords through search engine directories. The content of discussion forums was identified and analysed with the assistance of the qualitative research software tool, QSR NVivo 9.0. The content was coded to allow categories and themes to emerge. Thirty‐one categories, which were dispersed between three major themes (self, product, market), emerged from data analysis. In the discussions, various communication channels and social media sites were mentioned, and users enhanced their discussion topics with a photograph of a product or an Internet link, providing further assistance to peers. Consumers also shared personal information, such as life experiences. The results of this study may provide significant implications to retailers in their efforts to target these consumers, in various areas including product development, branding, marketing, customer relationship and managerial strategies. There may also be relevance for development of other consumer goods and sales to other target markets. Using online discussion forums to probe for product development and brand ideas has not been widely addressed, nor has the information search process for people with disabilities. The use of QSR NVivo software is new for a study such as this and should be explored in greater depth for future research with this type of data.}, number={2}, journal={International Journal of Consumer Studies}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Annett-Hitchcock, Kate and Xu, Yingjiao}, year={2015}, month={Feb}, pages={136–144} }
 @article{west_annett-hitchcock_2014, title={A critical review of aroma therapeutic applications for textiles}, volume={9}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Textile and Apparel Technology and Management}, author={West, A.J. and Annett-Hitchcock, K.}, year={2014} }
 @inbook{carroll_2014, title={Fashion and Disability, including snapshots on Universal Design and fashion, and sports clothing for athletes with disabilities}, volume={11}, booktitle={Berg Encyclopedia of World Dress and Fashion}, publisher={Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press}, author={Carroll, K.}, year={2014} }
 @inproceedings{cernel_carroll_2014, place={Tokyo, Japan}, title={Identification of Contemporary Fashion Trends, Social and Cultural Influences on Domestic Fashion, and Contribution to the Global Fashion Industry in Peru}, ISBN={9784579906136}, url={http://iffti.org/downloads/papers-presented/xvi-The-Power-of-Fashion.pdf}, booktitle={Conference Proceedings: The Power of Fashion}, publisher={Bunka Gakuen University}, author={Cernel, S. and Carroll, K.}, year={2014}, pages={119–130} }
 @inproceedings{cernel_moore_annett-hitchcock_devine_2014, title={Identification of tactics to engage consumers on Facebook}, booktitle={International Textile and Apparel Association Annual Conference}, author={Cernel, S. and Moore, M. and Annett-Hitchcock, K. and Devine, G.}, year={2014} }
 @article{suh_e. carroll_grant_oxenham_2014, title={Investigation into the feasibility of inductively coupled antenna for use in smart clothing}, volume={26}, ISSN={0955-6222}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/IJCST-10-2012-0064}, DOI={10.1108/ijcst-10-2012-0064}, abstractNote={
               Purpose
                – This research investigated the feasibility of using an inductively coupled antenna as the basis of applying a systems approach to smart clothing. In order to simulate real-life situations, the impact of the distortions and relative displacement of different fabric layers (with affixed antennas) on the signal quality was assessed. The paper aims to discuss these issues. 
            
            
               Design/methodology/approach
                – A spiral antenna was printed on different fabric substrates. Obstructive conditions of the inductively coupled fabric layers were investigated to find out how much influence these conditions had on transmission performance. Reflected signals and transmitted signals were observed, while fabric antennas were subjected to displacement (distance and dislocation) or deformation (stretching and bending). The threshold of physical obstacles was estimated based on statistical analyses. 
            
            
               Findings
                – The limits of physical conditions that enable proper wireless transmission were estimated up to ∼2 cm for both distance and dislocation, and ∼0.24 K for bending deformation. The antenna performance remained within an acceptable level of 20 percent transmission up to 10 percent fabric stretch. Based on well-established performance metrics used in clothing environment on the body, which employs 2-5 cm of ease, the results imply that the inductively coupled antennas may be suitable for use in smart clothing. 
            
            
               Originality/value
                – This research demonstrates that the use of inductively coupled antennas on multiple clothing layers could offer the basis of a new “wireless” system approach to smart clothing. This would not only result in performance benefits, but would also significantly improve the aesthetics of smart clothing which should result in new markets for such products.
            }, number={1}, journal={International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology}, publisher={Emerald}, author={Suh, Minyoung and E. Carroll, Katherine and Grant, Edward and Oxenham, William}, year={2014}, month={Feb}, pages={25–37} }
 @inproceedings{carroll_powell_2013, place={Los Angeles, California}, title={Assessment of factors affecting student creativity in Fashion and Textile Design}, ISBN={978-0-615-89838-4}, url={http://iffti.org/downloads/papers-presented/xv-PaperPresented-Enclosure.pdf}, booktitle={The Business & Marketing of Icons: Conference Proceedings}, publisher={Fashion Institute of Design & Merchandising}, author={Carroll, K. and Powell, N.}, year={2013}, pages={290–299} }
 @article{schlosser_carroll_2013, title={Textile and clothing applications for health monitoring of athletes and potential applications for athletes with disabilities}, journal={Journal of Textile and Apparel Technology and Management}, author={Schlosser, J.A. and Carroll, K.}, year={2013}, pages={8–1} }
 @article{wu_thomas_moore_carroll_2013, title={Voluntary simplicity: The Great American Apparel Diet}, volume={17}, ISSN={["1758-7433"]}, DOI={10.1108/jfmm-05-2012-0020}, abstractNote={PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine consumers’ motivations to participate in voluntary simplicity in the current market environment.Design/methodology/approachUsing established qualitative research methods, 834 individual autobiographies and blog entries from The Great American Apparel Diet (GAAD) are examined.FindingsSix general categories of internal and external motivations to engage in voluntary simplicity are identified. Findings expand marketers’ understanding of voluntary simplicity and the role of virtual communities inspiring behavior in the contemporary marketplace.Originality/valueThis research is unique because it explores personal information shared in the blog entries of participants in the GAAD.}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF FASHION MARKETING AND MANAGEMENT}, author={Wu, Dorothy E. and Thomas, Jane Boyd and Moore, Marguerite and Carroll, Kate}, year={2013}, pages={294-+} }
 @article{suh_carroll_grant_oxenham_2013, title={Effect of fabric substrate and coating material on the quality of conductive printing}, volume={104}, ISSN={0040-5000 1754-2340}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00405000.2012.714107}, DOI={10.1080/00405000.2012.714107}, abstractNote={This paper reports an investigation into the effect of fabric substrates and coating materials on the electrical and mechanical performance of printed antennas. Inductively coupled antennas were printed on fabrics using silver ink. To assure printability and protection, a printing structure was configured, consisting of surface coating, conductive printing, and protective coating. In order to simulate a realistic situation, three fabric substrates (denim, broadcloth, and single jersey) were selected from woven and knit fabrics for everyday wear. Three coating materials (acrylic, polyurethane, and silicone) were chosen from conventional conformal coating materials for printed circuit boards. Experimental results verified that fabric substrates can be selected to fit specific end-use application since it is shown that antenna performance was not significantly affected. Silicone coating is suggested to support antenna performance since this gave the least impairment in the fabrics as mechanical performance.}, number={2}, journal={Journal of the Textile Institute}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Suh, Minyoung and Carroll, Katherine E. and Grant, Edward and Oxenham, William}, year={2013}, month={Feb}, pages={213–222} }
 @article{bolds_henry_joyner_carroll_willoughby_gorga_2012, title={Universal bra for women in developing nations: The Peace Bra}, volume={7}, number={7}, journal={Design For All Institute of India}, author={Bolds, D. and Henry, K. and Joyner, J. and Carroll, K. and Willoughby, J.A. and Gorga, R.E.}, year={2012}, pages={41–69} }
 @inbook{suh_carroll_oxenham_2011, title={Effect of Protective Coating on the Performance of Wearable Antennas}, ISBN={9783642216657 9783642216664}, ISSN={0302-9743 1611-3349}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21666-4_10}, DOI={10.1007/978-3-642-21666-4_10}, abstractNote={Current smart clothing faces challenges due to discomfort provided by some technological components. A wireless body area network using inductively coupled fabric antennas is suggested as one of the solutions to overcome this. Different types of fabric substrates (denim, broadcloth, and jersey) and protective coating (acrylic resin, polyurethane, and silicone) were selected and engineered to optimize the antenna performance – in terms of mechanical and electrical properties. Experimental results show that protective coating affects almost every mechanical property very significantly. Resistance of the antenna was recorded lowest on the polyurethane-coated antennas and inductance was minimized on the broadcloth substrates. Recognizing a trade-off between electrical performance and comfort, this research looks at ways to optimize the overall usability.}, booktitle={Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, publisher={Springer Berlin Heidelberg}, author={Suh, Minyoung and Carroll, Kate and Oxenham, William}, year={2011}, pages={84–93} }
 @article{ballard_jenkins_savut_mckinnon_carroll_escott-stump_2011, title={Innovative and complementary approaches to enhancing elders? ability to age in place}, volume={103}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Family and Consumer Sciences}, author={Ballard, S. M. and Jenkins, C. and Savut, N. Y. and McKinnon, N. H. and Carroll, K. and Escott-Stump, S.}, year={2011}, pages={24–34} }
 @article{carroll_gross_2010, title={An Examination of Clothing Issues and Physical Limitations in the Product Development Process}, volume={39}, ISSN={["1552-3934"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1552-3934.2010.02041.x}, abstractNote={The purpose of this study was to explore physical limitations and clothing problems among working women with physical disabilities to determine whether types of physical limitations are linked to specific clothing problems. The sample included 117 working women with a variety of disabilities. Principle Components Factor Analysis and Multiple Regression were used to analyze the data. Three distinct factors emerged to represent clothing problems (called Design, Materials Performance, and Dressing) and four distinct factors emerged to represent physical limitations (called Limbs/Outer Extremities, Central Core/Torso, Central Nervous System, and Intellect, Vision and Hearing). Regression analysis showed that the physical limitations impact each of the three clothing factors. The study extends research by focusing on an underserved market segment and providing the apparel industry with a potential method of addressing the needs of that market. The study also contributes to interdisciplinary research by further developing an Inclusive Design model for apparel product development.}, number={1}, journal={FAMILY & CONSUMER SCIENCES RESEARCH JOURNAL}, author={Carroll, Katherine and Gross, Kevin}, year={2010}, month={Sep}, pages={2–17} }
 @misc{carroll_2014, title={Clothing Design Potential for Athletes with Disabilities}, ISBN={9781847888495 9781847888594}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2752/BEWDF/EDch10722}, DOI={10.2752/BEWDF/EDch10722}, journal={Berg Encyclopedia of World Dress and Fashion}, publisher={Berg Publishers}, author={Carroll, Kate}, year={2014}, month={Feb} }
 @article{suh_carroll_cassill_2010, title={Critical review on smart clothing product development}, volume={6}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Textile and Apparel Technology and Management}, author={Suh, M. and Carroll, K. and Cassill, N.}, year={2010} }
 @misc{carroll_2013, title={Disability, Its Effect on the Body, and the Clothing Perspective}, ISBN={9781847888495 9781847888594}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2752/bewdf/edch10712}, DOI={10.2752/bewdf/edch10712}, journal={Berg Encyclopedia of World Dress and Fashion}, publisher={Berg Publishers}, author={Carroll, Kate}, year={2013}, month={Oct} }
 @article{annett-hitchcock_gustina_sweet_2010, title={From Interiors to Apparel: Nature as Teacher}, volume={4}, ISSN={1833-1874 2473-5736}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/1833-1874/cgp/v04i03/37897}, DOI={10.18848/1833-1874/cgp/v04i03/37897}, number={3}, journal={Design Principles and Practices: An International Journal—Annual Review}, publisher={Common Ground Research Networks}, author={Annett-Hitchcock, Katherine and Gustina, Charles and Sweet, Rebecca}, year={2010}, pages={367–382} }
 @article{carroll_2010, title={Retail Product Development and Brand Management Collaboration between Industry and University Student Teams}, volume={20}, ISSN={["2163-9167"]}, DOI={10.1080/12297119.2010.9707350}, abstractNote={Abstract This paper describes a collaborative project between academia and industry which focused on improving the marketing and product development strategies for two private label apparel brands of a large regional department store chain in the southeastern United States. The goal of the project was to revitalize product lines of the two brands by incorporating student ideas for new solutions, thereby giving the students practical experience with a real-life industry situation. There were a number of key players involved in the project. A privately-owned department store chain based in the southeastern United States which was seeking an academic partner had recognized a need to update two existing private label brands. They targeted middle-aged consumers looking for casual, moderately priced merchandise. The company was seeking to change direction with both packaging and presentation, and possibly product design. The branding and product development divisions of the company contacted professors in an academic department of a large southeastern state university. Two of the professors agreed that the task would be a good fit for their classes -one was a junior-level Intermediate Brand Management class; the other was a senior-level Fashion Product Development class. The professors felt that by working collaboratively on the project, students would be exposed to a real world scenario, within the security of an academic learning environment. Collaboration within an interdisciplinary team has the advantage of providing experiences and resources beyond the capabilities of a single student and adds “brainpower” to problem-solving processes (Lowman 2000). This goal of improving the capabilities of students directed the instructors in each class to form interdisciplinary teams between the Branding and Product Development classes. In addition, many universities are employing industry partnerships in research and teaching, where collaboration within temporal (semester) and physical (classroom/lab) constraints help to increase students' knowledge and experience of a real-world situation. At the University of Tennessee, the Center of Industrial Services and UT-Knoxville's College of Engineering worked with a company to develop design improvements in its U.S. operations. In this study, Because should be lower case b with a private label retail brand, Wickett, Gaskill and Damhorst's (1999) revised Retail Apparel Product Development Model was used by the product development and brand management teams. This framework was chosen because it addresses apparel product development from the concept to the retail stage. Two classes were involved in this project: a junior level Brand Management class and a senior level Fashion Product Development class. Seven teams were formed which included four students from Brand Management and two students from Product Development. The classes were taught the same semester, but not at the same time. At the beginning of the semester, each class was introduced to the industry partner and given the problem. Half the teams were assigned to the men's brand and half to the women's brand. The teams were responsible for devising approaches to the problem, formulating a timeline for their work, staying in touch with industry representatives and making sure that each member of the team contributed in a positive way. The objective for the teams was to plan, develop, and present a product line using merchandising processes (following the Wickett, Gaskill and Damhorst model) and develop new branding strategies for the proposed lines. The teams performed trend, color, fabrication and target market research; developed sketches for a line; edited the sketches and presented their line plans; wrote specifications; fitted prototypes on fit models, and developed final production samples for presentation to industry. The branding students developed a SWOT analysis, a Brand Measurement report, a mind-map for the brands and a fully integrated Marketing Report which was presented alongside the ideas for the new lines. In future if the opportunity arises to work in this collaborative way with an existing company who wishes to look both at branding and product development strategies, classes will be scheduled at the same time so that students have more time to meet and discuss timelines and assigned tasks. As it was, student groups had to meet outside of each class time and this proved to be a challenging though not uncommon part of teamwork (Pfaff and Huddleston, 2003). Although the logistics of this exercise were time-consuming to set up and administer, professors felt that the benefits to students were multiple. The most important benefit, according to student feedback from both classes, was the opportunity to work with industry professionals, follow their process, and see the results of their work evaluated by the people who made the decisions at the company level. Faculty members were grateful to have a “real-world” case to work with in the classroom to provide focus. Creative ideas and strategies were traded as plans were made, extending and strengthening the departmental links between the branding and product development areas. By working not only with students coming from a different knowledge base, but also having to keep in contact with the industry partner and follow the framework and timeline of industry practice, student teams were challenged to produce excellent and innovative work under new circumstances. Working on the product development and branding for “real-life” brands that are struggling gave students an opportunity to see how closely their coursework ties in with the real-world and how creativity, collaboration and flexibility are necessary components of both the design and business aspects of company operations. Industry personnel were impressed by (a) the level and depth of knowledge and execution in the student projects, and (b) the creativity of new ideas for the brands.}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF GLOBAL SCHOLARS OF MARKETING SCIENCE}, author={Carroll, Katherine Emma}, year={2010}, pages={239–248} }
 @misc{carroll_2013, title={Snapshot: Use of Universal Design Principles for Disability Designs}, ISBN={9781847888495 9781847888594}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2752/BEWDF/EDch10713}, DOI={10.2752/BEWDF/EDch10713}, journal={Berg Encyclopedia of World Dress and Fashion}, publisher={Berg Publishers}, author={Carroll, Kate}, year={2013}, month={Oct} }
 @article{smith-jackson_carroll_kim_suh_ryu_2010, title={Socially-smart computing to support older adults with severe visual impairments: Proof-of- concept}, volume={9}, number={2}, journal={International Journal of Gerontechnology}, author={Smith-Jackson, T. and Carroll, K. and Kim, S. and Suh, M. and Ryu, Y. S.}, year={2010}, pages={472–483} }
 @inproceedings{carroll_welsh_fox_2009, place={London, UK}, title={Fashion, work and disability}, url={http://iffti.org/downloads/papers-presented/xi-LCF,%202009/Carroll_Kate.pdf}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 11th International Federation of Fashion Technology Institutes Annual Conference}, publisher={International Foundation of Fashion Technology Institutes}, author={Carroll, K. and Welsh, K. and Fox, S.}, year={2009} }
 @inbook{kim_smith-jackson_carroll_suh_mi_2009, title={Implications of Participatory Design for a Wearable Near and Far Environment Awareness System (NaFEAS) for Users with Severe Visual Impairments}, ISBN={9783642027062 9783642027079}, ISSN={0302-9743 1611-3349}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02707-9_10}, DOI={10.1007/978-3-642-02707-9_10}, abstractNote={This paper presents experiences from a study that included five users with Severe Visual Impairments (SVIs), fashion designers, and human factors engineers. We used participatory design (PD) to develop a wayfinding and object-recognition system. The PD study consisted of three sessions and was designed to include actual users in the design process. The primary goal of the PD was to validate the system concept and to determine the attributes of system interaction. Two of the three sessions are discussed here. We obtained several insights from a technological perspective, textile and apparel perspective, and user interface design perspective. Among the results identified, users with SVIs preferred to wear assistive technology unless that was not distracting to the participant or those that came into contact with the participant. Auditory feedback was chosen as a primary modality in user interface design, and we realized that constructing a good pool of PD members is essential to transform actual users’ needs and requirements into the design process.}, booktitle={Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction. Addressing Diversity}, publisher={Springer Berlin Heidelberg}, author={Kim, Si-Jung and Smith-Jackson, Tonya and Carroll, Katherine and Suh, Minyoung and Mi, Na}, year={2009}, pages={86–95} }
 @article{carroll_kincade_2008, title={Universal access to shopping: Apparel acquisition preferences for the working woman with physical disabilities}, ISBN={["978-1-84800-210-4"]}, DOI={10.1007/978-1-84800-211-1_21}, journal={DESIGNING INCLUSIVE FUTURES}, publisher={London: Springer-Verlag London Limited}, author={Carroll, K. E. and Kincade, D. H.}, year={2008}, pages={215-+} }
 @article{carroll_alexander_spencer_2007, title={Exercise clothing for children in a weight- management program}, volume={99}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Family and Consumer Sciences}, author={Carroll, K. and Alexander, M. and Spencer, V.}, year={2007}, pages={68–72} }
 @article{carroll_kincade_2007, title={Inclusive Design in Apparel Product Development for Working Women With Physical Disabilities}, volume={35}, ISSN={["1552-3934"]}, DOI={10.1177/1077727x07299675}, abstractNote={Consumers with physical limitations want apparel products and retail environments that work for them. Inclusive design is a framework for developing products to satisfy multiple consumers, regardless of their physical ability. This qualitative study reports on physical limitations and apparel preferences of working women (n = 9) with a variety of limitations. A prototype for a garment was developed, wear‐tested, and evaluated using inclusive design criteria. Subsequently, manufacturers (n = 6) were interviewed regarding production and distribution within the existing system. Results indicate that (a) the effect of disability on the body supercedes clinical definition for apparel product development, (b) working women with various disabilities have similar apparel needs, (c) inclusive design can be a successful strategy for product development, and (d) current industry perceptions about disability present the greatest barrier to successful implementation. The researchers conclude that further studies should focus on industry “buy‐in” of inclusive design as a framework for product development.}, number={4}, journal={FAMILY & CONSUMER SCIENCES RESEARCH JOURNAL}, author={Carroll, Kate and Kincade, Doris}, year={2007}, month={Jun}, pages={289–315} }