@article{montgomery_jones_sanders_mcgraw_williams_stewart_ounpraseuth_2018, title={Adaptation and Pilot Testing of a Sexual Health Intervention for Female Survivors of Violence}, volume={13}, ISSN={["1554-6136"]}, DOI={10.1080/15546128.2017.1410871}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Experiences of violence and behaviors that increase the risk of acquiring a sexually transmitted infection are high among women in the United States, and they often intersect (Meyer, Springer, & Altice, 2011; Montgomery et al., 2015; World Health Organization (WHO), 2010). However, there are few evidence-based HIV-prevention interventions that address the special needs and challenges faced by female survivors of violence (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, (CDC), 2017a). To address this gap, we adapted and pilot-tested an existing evidence-based women-focused sexual risk-reduction intervention (The Future Is Ours) with 23 self-identified female survivors of violence. The intervention comprised eight-weekly, two-hour cognitive behavioral group sessions focusing on reducing sexual-risk and improving trauma-based coping skills. Using mixed-methods analyses, the adapted intervention was determined feasible and acceptable to participants, and preliminary results suggest that participation could reduce risk factors for sexually transmitted infections. Therefore, testing on a larger scale is warranted.}, number={1}, journal={AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SEXUALITY EDUCATION}, author={Montgomery, Brooke E. E. and Jones, Amy and Sanders, Sharon E. and McGraw, Angela and Williams, Barbara and Stewart, Katherine E. and Ounpraseuth, Songthip}, year={2018}, pages={40–64} }
 @article{branham_borders_stewart_curran_booth_2017, title={Acceptability of HIV Testing Sites Among Rural and Urban African Americans Who Use Cocaine}, volume={21}, ISSN={["1573-3254"]}, DOI={10.1007/s10461-016-1527-2}, abstractNote={African Americans (AAs) who use cocaine in the Southern region of the U.S. have a relatively high risk of HIV and need for HIV testing. Among this group, those residing in rural areas may have less favorable opinions about common HIV testing sites, which could inhibit HIV testing. We examined rural/urban variations in their acceptability of multiple HIV testing sites (private physician clinic, local health department, community health center, community HIV fair, hospital emergency department, blood plasma donation center, drug abuse treatment facility, and mobile van or community outreach worker). Results from partial proportional odds and logistic regression analyses indicate that rural AA who use cocaine have lower odds of viewing local health departments (OR = 0.09, 95 % CI = 0.03–0.21), physician offices (OR = 0.19, 95 % CI = 0.09–0.42), and drug use treatment centers (OR = 0.49; 95 % CI = 0.30–0.80) as acceptable relative to their urban counterparts. The findings have implications for further targeting HIV testing toward AAs who use of cocaine, particularly those residing in the rural South.}, number={2}, journal={AIDS AND BEHAVIOR}, author={Branham, D. Keith and Borders, Tyrone F. and Stewart, Katharine E. and Curran, Geoffrey M. and Booth, Brenda M.}, year={2017}, month={Feb}, pages={576–586} }
 @article{stewart_wright_montgomery_gullette_pulley_ounpraseuth_thostenson_booth_2017, title={Reducing Risky Sex among Rural African American Cocaine Users: A Controlled Trial}, volume={28}, ISSN={["1548-6869"]}, DOI={10.1353/hpu.2017.0038}, abstractNote={Abstract:Rural African American cocaine users experience high rates of STIs/HIV. This NIDA-funded trial tested an adapted evidence-based risk reduction program versus an active control condition. Participants were 251 African American cocaine users in rural Arkansas recruited from 2009-2011. Outcomes included condom use skills and self-efficacy, sexual negotiation skills, peer norms, and self-reported risk behavior. The intervention group experienced greater increases in condom use skills and overall effectiveness in sexual negotiation skills. Both groups reported reductions in trading sex, improvements in condom use self-efficacy, and increased use of specific negotiation skills. Implications and limitations are discussed.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF HEALTH CARE FOR THE POOR AND UNDERSERVED}, author={Stewart, Katharine E. and Wright, Patricia B. and Montgomery, Brooke E. E. and Gullette, Donna and Pulley, Leavonne and Ounpraseuth, Songthip and Thostenson, Jeff and Booth, Brenda}, year={2017}, month={Feb}, pages={528–547} }
 @article{pettey_mcsweeney_stewart_cleves_price_heo_souder_2016, title={African Americans' Perceptions of Adherence to Medications and Lifestyle Changes Prescribed to Treat Hypertension}, volume={6}, ISSN={["2158-2440"]}, DOI={10.1177/2158244015623595}, abstractNote={ More than 80 million Americans have hypertension (HTN), and African Americans (AAs) are disproportionately affected. AAs also have lower rates of adherence to HTN treatment. It is important to understand AAs’ perceptions of adherence to develop effective interventions. The aim of this study is to examine AAs’ perceptions of adherence to medications and lifestyle changes prescribed to treat HTN. In this qualitative study, we used purposive sampling to recruit Southern AAs with HTN aged 21 and older from a free, faith-based clinic. We recorded individual, in-person interviews about perceptions related to adherence to treatment of HTN and analyzed verbatim transcripts using content analysis and constant comparison. We also conducted medical record audits. Twenty-nine AAs participated (52% female, 38% were <50 years of age, 52% had taken anti-HTN medications for ≥5 years). Audits indicated that 65% had uncontrolled HTN during the previous year. Two main themes included causes of HTN and ways to improve blood pressure. Perceived causes of HTN included diet, stress, unhealthy actions, genes, and obesity. Ways to improve HTN included using cultural treatments “passed down,” increasing exercise, reducing stress, and losing weight. Many reported using home remedies to control HTN, including drinking pickle juice. More than half of this sample had uncontrolled HTN. They identified influences of culture on perceptions of adherence including causes and treatment of HTN, and possibly detrimental home remedies. It is imperative that clinicians identify culturally appropriate interventions for this high-risk group. }, number={1}, journal={SAGE OPEN}, author={Pettey, Christina M. and McSweeney, Jean C. and Stewart, Katharine E. and Cleves, Mario A. and Price, Elvin T. and Heo, Seongkum and Souder, Elaine}, year={2016} }
 @article{austin_cloud_raper_schumacher_mugavero_stewart_kim_pisu_2015, title={Adherence to Appointments for Comprehensive Primary Care of HIV Patients With Substance Use Disorders}, volume={14}, ISSN={1538-1501 1538-151X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15381501.2014.912173}, DOI={10.1080/15381501.2014.912173}, abstractNote={One of the critical issues in HIV patients with substance use disorders is engagement in care. The authors measured engagement as adherence to comprehensive primary care that included primary routine care, mental health, sick call, research clinic visits, and laboratory visits in 189 HIV patients of an urban clinic in the southern United States. Substance users were highly engaged in care, but adherence to primary routine care and mental health appointments declined over time. While this finding warrants further scrutiny, social services should be aware of substance users' engagement in all aspects of primary care and provide support to facilitate it.}, number={1}, journal={Journal of HIV/AIDS & Social Services}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Austin, Shamly and Cloud, Gretchen A. and Raper, James L. and Schumacher, Joseph E. and Mugavero, Michael J. and Stewart, Katharine E. and Kim, Yongin and Pisu, Maria}, year={2015}, month={Jan}, pages={45–57} }
 @article{booth_wright_ounpraseuth_stewart_2015, title={Trajectory of substance use after an HIV risk reduction intervention}, volume={41}, ISSN={["1097-9891"]}, DOI={10.3109/00952990.2015.1043437}, abstractNote={Abstract Background: Research assessments can confound the results of treatment outcome studies and can be themselves an intervention or form of aftercare. Objective: To determine the trajectory of substance use and substance severity in a sample of African American cocaine users participating in a community-based sexual risk reduction trial. Methods: Out-of-treatment participants were recruited using Respondent-Driven Sampling in two African American majority counties in rural Arkansas. They participated in either the sexual risk reduction condition or an active control focused on access to social services. They were interviewed at baseline, post-intervention, and 6 and 12 months post-intervention. Substance use outcome measures were use of crack cocaine, powder cocaine, marijuana, alcohol, and the Addiction Severity Index Alcohol and Drug Severity composites. A random sample of participants completed qualitative interviews post-12-month interview. Results: 251 were enrolled. Substance use outcomes did not differ among the two conditions at any point in the study. Use of measured substances and the ASI composites significantly decreased between baseline and post-intervention (p < 0.01), decreases that persisted at the 12-month assessment period compared to baseline. Qualitative findings suggested that many participants identified increased awareness of their drug use and need to control it through the programs. Participants also noted strong bonding with interviewers. Conclusion: Clinical trials may have positive unexpected outcomes in terms of reduced substance use even though the trial is not substance use focused. Behavioral interventions for drug users that are not focused specifically on reducing drug use may nonetheless have unanticipated positive associations with reductions in drug use.}, number={4}, journal={AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE}, author={Booth, Brenda M. and Wright, Patricia B. and Ounpraseuth, Songthip T. and Stewart, Katharine E.}, year={2015}, month={Jul} }
 @article{booth_stewart_curran_cheney_borders_2014, title={Beliefs and attitudes regarding drug treatment: Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior in African-American cocaine users}, volume={39}, ISSN={0306-4603}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.ADDBEH.2014.05.012}, DOI={10.1016/J.ADDBEH.2014.05.012}, abstractNote={The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) can provide insights into perceived need for cocaine treatment among African American cocaine users. A cross-sectional community sample of 400 (50% rural) not-in-treatment African-American cocaine users was identified through respondent-driven sampling in one urban and two rural counties in Arkansas. Measures included self-reports of attitudes and beliefs about cocaine treatment, perceived need and perceived effectiveness of treatment, and positive and negative cocaine expectancies. Normative beliefs were measured by perceived stigma and consequences of stigma regarding drug use and drug treatment. Perceived control was measured by readiness for treatment, prior drug treatment, and perceived ability to cut down on cocaine use without treatment. Multiple regression analysis found that older age (standardized regression coefficient β = 0.15, P < 0.001), rural residence (β = − 0.09, P = 0.025), effectiveness of treatment (β = 0.39, P < 0.001), negative cocaine expectancies (β = 0.138, P = 0.003), experiences of rejection (β = 0.18, P < 0.001), need for secrecy (β = 0.12, P = 0.002), and readiness for treatment (β = 0.15, P < 0.001) were independently associated with perceived need for cocaine treatment. TPB is a relevant model for understanding perceived need for treatment among African-American cocaine users. Research has shown perceived need to be a major correlate of treatment participation. Study results should be applicable for designing interventions to encourage treatment participation.}, number={10}, journal={Addictive Behaviors}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Booth, Brenda M. and Stewart, Katharine E. and Curran, Geoffrey M. and Cheney, Ann M. and Borders, Tyrone F.}, year={2014}, month={Oct}, pages={1441–1446} }
 @article{wright_booth_curran_borders_ounpraseuth_stewart_2014, title={Correlates of HIV Testing Among Rural African American Cocaine Users}, volume={37}, ISSN={0160-6891}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/NUR.21629}, DOI={10.1002/NUR.21629}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={6}, journal={Research in Nursing & Health}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Wright, Patricia B. and Booth, Brenda M. and Curran, Geoffrey M. and Borders, Tyrone F. and Ounpraseuth, Songthip T. and Stewart, Katharine E.}, year={2014}, month={Oct}, pages={466–477} }
 @article{montgomery_stewart_bryant_ounpraseuth_2014, title={Dimensions of Religion, Depression Symptomatology, and Substance Use Among Rural African American Cocaine Users}, volume={13}, ISSN={1533-2640 1533-2659}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15332640.2014.873605}, DOI={10.1080/15332640.2014.873605}, abstractNote={Research has shown a relationship between depression, substance use, and religiosity but, few have investigated this relationship in a community sample of African Americans who use drugs. This study examined the relationship between dimensions of religion (positive and negative religious coping; private and public religious participation; religious preference; and God-, clergy-, and congregation-based religious support), depression symptomatology, and substance use among 223 African American cocaine users. After controlling for gender, employment, and age, greater congregation-based support and greater clergy-based support were associated with fewer reported depressive symptoms. In addition, greater congregation-based support was associated with less alcohol use.}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Montgomery, Brooke E. E. and Stewart, Katharine E. and Bryant, Keneshia J. and Ounpraseuth, Songthip T.}, year={2014}, month={Jan}, pages={72–90} }
 @article{gullette_booth_wright_montgomery_stewart_2014, title={Sexual Sensation Seeking, Transactional Sex, and Rural African American Cocaine Users}, volume={25}, ISSN={1055-3290}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.JANA.2013.07.008}, DOI={10.1016/J.JANA.2013.07.008}, abstractNote={The purpose of this study was to explore correlates of sexual sensation seeking (SSS) in a sample of rural African American cocaine users. Respondent-driven sampling was used to recruit 251 participants from two impoverished rural counties in eastern Arkansas. Consistent with previous investigations, SSS scores were associated with being younger, being male, having more sexual partners, and having more unprotected sexual encounters in the previous 30 days. Multiple regression revealed that SSS was correlated with a number of oral sex acts, transactional sex (exchanging sex for food, shelter, drugs, money, or other commodities), and Addiction Severity Index drug composite. SSS continues to demonstrate a strong association with sexual risk behaviors in diverse populations, including vulnerable groups like this community. Interventions to reduce unsafe sexual behaviors among high-risk groups, including drug users and individuals who engage in transactional sex, should incorporate approaches that include high sensation seekers' needs for novelty and variety.}, number={4}, journal={Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care}, publisher={Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)}, author={Gullette, Donna and Booth, Brenda M. and Wright, Patricia B. and Montgomery, Brooke E.E. and Stewart, Katharine E.}, year={2014}, month={Jul}, pages={289–296} }
 @article{booth_wright_ounpraseuth_stewart_2014, title={Unanticipated consequences of non-drug-focused HIV prevention intervention: Changes in drug use}, volume={140}, ISSN={0376-8716}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.DRUGALCDEP.2014.02.067}, DOI={10.1016/J.DRUGALCDEP.2014.02.067}, abstractNote={Research examining the relationship between marijuana and cytokine function has been well developed in the biochemical literature. However, scant literature exists regarding this relationship between inflammatory markers and marijuana use in public health or behavioral studies and is virtually nonexistent in non-neurologically compromised African American samples.The current study examined the differences in serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), a proinflammatory cytokine, between non-drug users (n = 78), marijuana only users (n = 46) and marijuana plus other drugs users (n = 45) in a community-based sample of middle aged African Americans. Participants included 169 African American adults (50.30% female), with a mean age of 45.68 years (SD = 11.72 years) from the Washington, DC metropolitan area. Serum was drawn upon entry into the study and the participants completed a demographic questionnaire, which included questions regarding drug use history.After adjusting for demographic and physiological covariates, analysis of covariance revealed a significant difference between the three groups, F(2, 158) = 3.08, p = 0.04). Post hoc analyses revealed lifetime marijuana only users had significantly lower IL-6 levels (M = 2.20 pg/mL, SD = 1.93) than their lifetime nonuser counterparts (M = 3.73 pg/mL, SD = 6.28). No other comparisons among the groups were statistically significantly different.The current findings extend previous cellular and biochemical literature, which identifies an inverse association between IL-6 and marijuana use. Examining this relationship in the psychological and behavioral literature could be informative to the development of clinical interventions for inflammatory diseases.}, journal={Drug and Alcohol Dependence}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Booth, Brenda M. and Wright, P.B. and Ounpraseuth, S.T. and Stewart, K.E.}, year={2014}, month={Jul}, pages={e17} }
 @article{de la cruz_davies_stewart_2011, title={Religion, Relationships and Reproduction: Correlates of Desire for a Child Among Mothers Living with HIV}, volume={15}, ISSN={1090-7165 1573-3254}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10461-010-9788-7}, DOI={10.1007/s10461-010-9788-7}, abstractNote={Despite challenges facing HIV-positive women in the U.S., some maintain strong desires and intentions for motherhood. We explore correlates of desire for another child-particularly current parenting experiences (number of children, parenting efficacy, parenting satisfaction, parenting practices, parental distress, and child-related quality of life), age, spirituality/religiosity, stress, coping, hopelessness, partner's desire for a child, social support, and stigma-among a sample of HIV-positive mothers (n = 96) in Alabama. Partner's desire for a child, participation in private religious practices, avoidant coping, and parity were significantly associated with desire for a child in multivariate models. Such findings indicate a need for reproductive counseling and education that is sensitive to the role of religious norms and values in fertility decision-making and suggest opportunities for partnership with faith-based organizations. Further studies examining the impact of relationship dynamics on childbearing desires among U.S. women living with HIV/AIDS are also needed.}, number={6}, journal={AIDS and Behavior}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={De La Cruz, Natalie G. and Davies, Susan L. and Stewart, Katharine E.}, year={2011}, month={Aug}, pages={1233–1242} }
 @article{stewart_phillips_walker_harvey_porter_2011, title={Social services utilization and need among a community sample of persons living with HIV in the rural south}, volume={23}, ISSN={0954-0121 1360-0451}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2010.507743}, DOI={10.1080/09540121.2010.507743}, abstractNote={Abstract HIV prevalence has increased faster in the southern USA than in other areas, and persons living with HIV (PLWHIV) in the south are often rural, impoverished, or otherwise under-resourced. Studies of urban PLWHIV and those receiving medical care suggest that use of social services can enhance quality of life and some medical outcomes, but little is known about patterns of social service utilization and need among rural southern PLWHIV. The AIDS Alabama needs assessment survey, conducted in 2007, sampled a diverse community cohort of 476 adult PLWHIV representative of the HIV-positive population in Alabama (66% male, 76% Black, and 26% less than high school education). We developed service utilization/need (SUN) scores for each of 14 social services, and used regression models to determine demographic predictors of those most likely to need each service. We then conducted an exploratory factor analysis to determine whether certain services clustered together for the sample. Case management, assistance obtaining medical care, and financial assistance were most commonly used or needed by respondents. Black respondents were more likely to have higher SUN scores for alcohol treatment and for assistance with employment, housing, food, financial, and pharmacy needs; respondents without spousal or partner relationships had higher SUN scores for substance use treatment. Female respondents were more likely to have higher SUN scores for childcare assistance. Black respondents and unemployed respondents were more likely to have SUN scores in the highest quartile of the overall score distribution. Factor analysis yielded three main factors: basic needs, substance use treatment, and legal/medical needs. These data provide important information about rural southern PLWHIV and their needs for ancillary services. They also suggest clusters of service needs that often occur among PLWHIV, which may help case managers and other service providers work proactively to identify important gaps in care.}, number={3}, journal={AIDS Care}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Stewart, Katharine E. and Phillips, Martha M. and Walker, Jada F. and Harvey, Sarah A. and Porter, Austin}, year={2011}, month={Feb}, pages={340–347} }
 @article{pisu_cloud_austin_raper_stewart_schumacher_2010, title={Substance abuse treatment in an urban HIV clinic: who enrolls and what are the benefits?}, volume={22}, ISSN={0954-0121 1360-0451}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540120903193658}, DOI={10.1080/09540120903193658}, abstractNote={Abstract Substance abuse treatment (SAT) is important for HIV medical care. Characteristics of those who choose SAT and effects of SAT on HIV clinical outcomes are not understood. We compared patients who enrolled and did not enroll in a SAT program offered within an HIV clinic, and evaluated the effect of SAT on CD4 T-cell counts and HIV plasma viral load (VL). Subjects were assessed and invited to enroll in SAT. Enrollees chose to receive psychological and psychiatric treatment, or motivational enhancement and relapse prevention, or residential SAT. We used logistic regressions to determine factors associated with enrollment (age, race, sex, HIV transmission risk factors, CD4 T-cell counts, and VL at assessment). A two-period (assessment and six months after SAT) data analysis was used to analyze the effect of SAT on CD4 T-cell count and log VL controlling for changes in HIV therapy. We find that, compared to Decliners (N=76), Enrollees (N=78) were more likely to be females (29.5% vs. 6.6%, OR=5.32, 95% CI 1.61–17.6), and to report injection drug use (IDU) as the HIV transmission risk factor (23.1% vs. 9.2%, OR=3.92, CI 1.38–11.1). Age (37.2 vs. 38.4), CD4 T-cell count (377.3 vs. 409.2), and log VL (3.21 vs. 2.99) at assessment were similar across the two groups (p>0.05). After six months, Enrollees and Decliners' CD4 T-cell counts increased and log VL decreased. SAT did not affect the change in CD4 T-cell count (p=0.51) or log VL (p=0.73). Similar results were found for patients with CD4 T-cell count ≤350 at assessment. In this small sample of HIV-infected patients with a limited follow-up period, women were more likely to enroll in SAT than men, and SAT reached those who needed it, e.g., IDUs. We did not find an effect of SAT on HIV clinical outcomes.}, number={3}, journal={AIDS Care}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Pisu, Maria and Cloud, Gretchen and Austin, Shamly and Raper, James L. and Stewart, Katharine E. and Schumacher, Joseph E.}, year={2010}, month={Mar}, pages={348–354} }
 @article{davies_horton_williams_martin_stewart_2009, title={MOMS: formative evaluation and subsequent intervention for mothers living with HIV}, volume={21}, ISSN={0954-0121 1360-0451}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540120802301832}, DOI={10.1080/09540120802301832}, abstractNote={Abstract The Making Our Mothers Stronger (MOMS) Project is a randomized controlled behavioral trial, comparing a stress-reduction and social support intervention (Healthy MOMS) to a parenting skills intervention (Parenting Skills for MOMS) for mothers living with HIV. Outcomes include maternal mental and physical health, parenting behaviors, and children's behavior. To ensure that these interventions were tailored to the needs of HIV + mothers, extensive formative work was conducted with members of the intended audience and relevant service providers. Findings from focus groups and semi-structured interviews highlighted the need for Healthy MOMS to: (1) include appropriate approaches to group discussion and problem solving; (2) address the stressors of being both a parent and a woman living with HIV; and (3) enhance social support. Six weekly group sessions focused on topics including coping with stress and anxiety; enhancing nutrition, exercise, and sexual health; improving medical adherence; improving communication with health care providers; and communicating health needs to family, friends, and co-workers. Initial anecdotal responses from participants suggest that the Healthy MOMS intervention addresses several salient issues for the growing population of HIV + mothers who can benefit from long-term support in adapting to this chronic disease.}, number={5}, journal={AIDS Care}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Davies, Susan L. and Horton, Trudi V. and Williams, Angela G. and Martin, Michelle Y. and Stewart, Katharine E.}, year={2009}, month={May}, pages={552–560} }
 @article{gullette_wright_booth_feldman_stewart_2009, title={Stages of Change, Decisional Balance, and Self-Efficacy in Condom Use Among Rural African-American Stimulant Users}, volume={20}, ISSN={1055-3290}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jana.2009.04.003}, DOI={10.1016/j.jana.2009.04.003}, abstractNote={This pilot study (a) examined the stages of change (SOC) for condom use with primary and casual partners among rural heterosexual African American stimulant users, (b) identified gender differences in variables associated with SOC, and (c) assessed the association of SOC with decisional balance and self-efficacy. A total of 72 participants completed the study. SOC with a primary partner were much lower than with a casual partner, indicating more consistent condom use with casual partners. Significant gender differences existed in decisional balance for condom use for both primary (p = .02) and casual partners (p =.03), with women having higher decisional balance scores than men. Women also reported higher self-efficacy scores for condom use with casual partners than men. In regression models, age, decisional balance, and self-efficacy were significantly associated with SOC for condom use with a primary partner; however, only self-efficacy was significantly associated with SOC with casual partners. The results provide support for the development of interventions that promote the advantages of and increase self-efficacy for condom use.}, number={6}, journal={Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care}, publisher={Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)}, author={Gullette, Donna L. and Wright, Patricia B. and Booth, Brenda M. and Feldman, Zachary and Stewart, Katharine E.}, year={2009}, month={Nov}, pages={428–441} }
 @article{stewart_cianfrini_walker_2005, title={Stress, social support and housing are related to health status among HIV-positive persons in the deep south of the United States}, volume={17}, ISSN={0954-0121 1360-0451}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540120412331299780}, DOI={10.1080/09540120412331299780}, abstractNote={Self-report health status measures are consistently associated with medical outcomes and are cost-effective. Studies using such measures find that those who live in rural areas or have limited access to support experience poorer health status and poorer outcomes. A survey addressing these issues was administered to 401 HIV-positive persons throughout Alabama. Hierarchical regression models examined the relation of housing stability, stress, substance use and other variables to physical (PCS) and mental (MCS) health status. The sample was 34% female and 66% African-American. Most were receiving antiretroviral medications, and nearly 20% were in unstable housing. Age showed a significant negative relationship to health status. CD4 cell count (p<0.01) was positively associated with PCS; perceived general stress (p<0.02) and housing stability (p<0.04) were negatively associated. The model accounted for 14% of the variance in PCS (p<0.001). For MCS, general stress (p<0.001) was negatively associated and substance use tended towards a negative association (p<0.075). Social support (p<0.02) was positively associated with MCS. The model accounted for nearly 31% of the MCS variance (p<0.001). Health status among HIV-positive persons may be improved by assessing and addressing social issues such as social isolation, life stressors and housing.}, number={3}, journal={AIDS Care}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Stewart, K. E. and Cianfrini, L. R. and Walker, J. F.}, year={2005}, month={Apr}, pages={350–358} }
 @article{dafoe_stewart_2004, title={Pain and Psychiatric Disorders Contribute Independently to Suicidal Ideation in HIV-Positive Persons}, volume={8}, ISSN={1381-1118 1543-6136}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13811110490436819}, DOI={10.1080/13811110490436819}, abstractNote={The relationships between HIV-related pain, psychiatric disorders, and suicidal ideation (SI) are not well understood. The presented research investigated the ability of pain, psychiatric diagnoses, coping styles, and locus of control (LOC) to predict SI in 75 HIV-positive persons, using a sequential logistic regression. Reported psychiatric diagnoses included depression, anxiety, and substance abuse disorders. Variance accounted for by these analyses was approximated at 33%, with pain severity independently predicting SI after accounting for psychiatric diagnoses. Coping and LOC did not add significantly to the models. Given the prevalence of pain in this population, these results underscore the importance of assessing and treating pain and SI in persons with HIV.}, number={3}, journal={Archives of Suicide Research}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Dafoe, Michele E. and Stewart, Katharine E.}, year={2004}, month={Jul}, pages={215–226} }