@article{levine_kidd_garden_brooks_goggs_kohn_mackin_eldermire_chang_allen_et al._2024, title={ACVIM consensus statement on the diagnosis of immune thrombocytopenia in dogs and cats}, volume={5}, ISSN={["1939-1676"]}, DOI={10.1111/jvim.16996}, abstractNote={Abstract Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is the most common acquired primary hemostatic disorder in dogs. Immune thrombocytopenia less commonly affects cats but is an important cause of mortality and treatment‐associated morbidity in both species. Immune thrombocytopenia remains a diagnosis of exclusion for which diagnostic guidelines are lacking. Primary, or non‐associative, ITP refers to autoimmune platelet destruction. Secondary, or associative, ITP arises in response to an underlying disease trigger. However, evidence for which comorbidities serve as ITP triggers has not been systematically evaluated. To identify key diagnostic steps for ITP and important comorbidities associated with secondary ITP, we developed 12 Population Evaluation/Exposure Comparison Outcome (PECO) format questions. These questions were addressed by evidence evaluators utilizing a literature pool of 287 articles identified by the panelists using a structured search strategy. Evidence evaluators, using panel‐designed templates and data extraction tools, summarized evidence and created guideline recommendations that then were integrated by diagnosis and comorbidity domain chairs. The revised PECO responses underwent a Delphi survey process to reach consensus on final guidelines. A combination of panel expertise and PECO responses were employed to develop algorithms for diagnosis of ITP in dogs and cats, which also underwent 4 iterations of Delphi review. Comorbidity evidence evaluators employed an integrated measure of evidence (IME) tool to determine evidence quality for each comorbidity; IME values combined with evidence summaries for each comorbidity were integrated to develop ITP screening recommendations, which also were subjected to Delphi review. Commentary was solicited from multiple relevant professional organizations before finalizing the consensus. The final consensus statement provides clinical guidelines for the diagnosis of, and underlying disease screening for, ITP in dogs and cats. The systematic consensus process identified numerous knowledge gaps that should guide future studies. This statement is a companion manuscript to the ACVIM Consensus Statement on the Treatment of Immune Thrombocytopenia.}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE}, author={LeVine, Dana N. and Kidd, Linda and Garden, Oliver A. and Brooks, Marjory B. and Goggs, Robert and Kohn, Barbara and Mackin, Andrew J. and Eldermire, Erin R. B. and Chang, Yu-Mei and Allen, Julie and et al.}, year={2024}, month={May} }
 @article{paschall_quimby_cianciolo_mcleland_lunn_elliott_2023, title={Assessment of peritubular capillary rarefaction in kidneys of cats with chronic kidney disease}, url={https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.16656}, DOI={10.1111/jvim.16656}, abstractNote={AbstractBackgroundHypoxia is a key driver of fibrosis and is associated with capillary rarefaction in humans.ObjectivesCharacterize capillary rarefaction in cats with chronic kidney disease (CKD).AnimalsArchival kidney tissue from 58 cats with CKD, 20 unaffected cats.MethodsCross‐sectional study of paraffin‐embedded kidney tissue utilizing CD31 immunohistochemistry to highlight vascular structures. Consecutive high‐power fields from the cortex (10) and corticomedullary junction (5) were digitally photographed. An observer counted and colored the capillary area. Image analysis was used to determine the capillary number, average capillary size, and average percent capillary area in the cortex and corticomedullary junction. Histologic scoring was performed by a pathologist masked to clinical data.ResultsPercent capillary area (cortex) was significantly lower in CKD (median 3.2, range, 0.8‐5.6) compared to unaffected cats (4.4, 1.8‐7.0; P = <.001) and was negatively correlated with serum creatinine concentrations (r = −.36, P = .0013), glomerulosclerosis (r = −0.39, P = <.001), inflammation (r = −.30, P = .009), and fibrosis (r = −.30, P = .007). Capillary size (cortex) was significantly lower in CKD cats (2591 pixels, 1184‐7289) compared to unaffected cats (4523 pixels, 1801‐7618; P = <.001) and was negatively correlated with serum creatinine concentrations (r = −.40, P = <.001), glomerulosclerosis (r = −.44, P < .001), inflammation (r = −.42, P = <.001), and fibrosis (r = −.38, P = <.001).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceCapillary rarefaction (decrease in capillary size and percent capillary area) is present in kidneys of cats with CKD and is positively correlated with renal dysfunction and histopathologic lesions.}, journal={Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine}, author={Paschall, Rene E. and Quimby, Jessica M. and Cianciolo, Rachel E. and McLeland, Shannon M. and Lunn, Katharine F. and Elliott, Jonathan}, year={2023}, month={Mar} }
 @article{lynch_ruterbories_robertson_lunn_mowat_2023, title={Hemostatic profiles in dogs with sudden acquired retinal degeneration syndrome}, volume={4}, ISSN={["1939-1676"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.16710}, DOI={10.1111/jvim.16710}, abstractNote={AbstractBackgroundSudden acquired retinal degeneration syndrome (SARDS) is a common cause of irreversible blindness in dogs. It bears clinical resemblance to hypercortisolism, which can be associated with hypercoagulability. The role of hypercoagulability in dogs with SARDS is unknown.ObjectiveDetermine hemostatic profiles in dogs with SARDS.AnimalsProspective pilot study: Dogs with a history of SARDS (n = 12). Prospective case‐control study: Dogs with recent onset of SARDS (n = 7) and age‐, breed‐, and sex‐matched controls (n = 7).MethodsProspective pilot study: We performed thromboelastography (TEG). Prospective case‐control study: Dogs had CBC, serum biochemistry, urinalysis, TEG, fibrinogen concentration, antithrombin activity, D‐dimers, thrombin‐antithrombin complexes, and optical platelet aggregometry performed.ResultsProspective pilot study: 9/12 dogs with a history of SARDS were hypercoagulable with increased TEG G value and 2/3 had hyperfibrinogenemia. Case‐control study: All dogs with SARDS and 5/7 controls were hypercoagulable based on TEG G value. Dogs with SARDS had significantly higher G values (median, 12.7 kdynes/s; range, 11.2‐25.4; P = .04) and plasma fibrinogen concentration (median, 463 mg/dL; range, 391‐680; P < .001) compared to controls.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceHypercoagulability was common in both dogs with SARDS and controls, but dogs with SARDS were significantly more hypercoagulable on TEG. The role of hypercoagulability in the pathogenesis of SARDS remains to be determined.}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE}, author={Lynch, Alex M. M. and Ruterbories, Laura K. K. and Robertson, James B. B. and Lunn, Katharine F. F. and Mowat, Freya M. M.}, year={2023}, month={Apr} }
 @article{berg_jacob_mamo_pluta_lunn_2023, title={Refrigerated multi-dose insulin vials remain sterile through 6 months of use}, volume={8}, ISSN={["1748-5827"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1111/jsap.13664}, DOI={10.1111/jsap.13664}, abstractNote={ObjectivesTo evaluate sterility in refrigerated multi‐dose insulin vials through 6 months of routine aspiration.Materials and MethodsTwelve vials of insulin, six of insulin glargine U100 (Lantus®, 10 mL multi‐dose vial, Sanofi, Bridgewater, NJ) containing the preservative metacresol, and six of protamine zinc insulin U40 (ProZinc®, 10 mL multi‐dose vial, Boehringer Ingelheim, Duluth, GA) containing the preservative phenol, were refrigerated and aspirated twice daily for 6 months, using a new insulin syringe each time. Three vials of each insulin type were wiped with a single‐use alcohol swab before sampling. Three times weekly, aspirated samples were inoculated in Tryptic Soy Broth enrichment media and incubated for evidence of microbial growth. Positive broth was cultured and speciated. Endpoints were microbial vial contamination (defined as three consecutive positive cultures of the same organism) and completion of the six‐month study period.ResultsMicrobial contamination was not identified in any vial throughout the study period. A total of 454 aspirated samples were cultured, one of which exhibited non‐repeatable growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis. This vial was prematurely lost to breakage after 59 culture samples (29 after the positive growth).Clinical SignificanceRefrigerated phenol‐ and metacresol‐containing multi‐dose insulin products carry minimal risk for iatrogenic infection through 6 months of use, regardless of alcohol swab preparation.}, journal={JOURNAL OF SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE}, author={Berg, A. S. and Jacob, M. E. and Mamo, L. B. and Pluta, D. H. and Lunn, K. F.}, year={2023}, month={Aug} }
 @article{quimby_mcleland_cianciolo_lunn_lulich_erikson_barron_2022, title={Frequency of histologic lesions in the kidneys of cats without kidney disease}, volume={24}, ISSN={["1532-2750"]}, DOI={10.1177/1098612X221123768}, abstractNote={Objectives In humans, renal aging is associated with an increased frequency of glomerulosclerosis, interstitial fibrosis, inflammation and tubular atrophy. The purpose of this study was to describe the frequency of renal histopathologic lesions in cats without kidney disease. Methods A cross-sectional study of archival kidney tissue from 74 cats without kidney disease (serum creatinine <1.6 mg/dl; urine specific gravity >1.035) was carried out: 0–4 years (young, n = 18); 5–9 years (mature, n = 16); 10–14 years (senior, n = 34), 15+ years (geriatric, n = 6). Glomerulosclerosis, tubular atrophy, interstitial inflammation and fibrosis, and the presence or absence of lipid in the interstitium and tubules were scored by a pathologist masked to clinical data. Statistical analyses were performed as appropriate. Results Geriatric cats had significantly more glomerulosclerosis than mature ( P = 0.01) and young cats ( P = 0.004). Senior cats had significantly more glomerulosclerosis than young cats ( P = 0.006). Glomerulosclerosis was weakly positively correlated with age ( r = 0.48; P <0.0001). Geriatric cats had significantly more tubular atrophy than mature ( P = 0.02) and young cats ( P <0.0001). Senior cats had significantly more tubular atrophy than young cats ( P <0.0001). Geriatric cats had significantly more inflammation than senior cats ( P = 0.02), mature cats ( P = 0.01) and young cats ( P <0.0001). Senior cats had significantly more inflammation than young cats ( P = 0.004). Geriatric and senior cats had significantly more fibrosis than young cats ( P = 0.01 and P = 0.04, respectively). Frequency of tubular lipid increased with age (young: 28%; mature: 56%; senior: 79%; geriatric: 100%) as did the frequency of interstitial lipid (young: 22%, mature: 56%, senior: 85%, geriatric: 100%). Conclusions and relevance Evidence of renal aging exists in cats. These changes imply that the aging kidney may be more susceptible to injury and impaired healing. }, number={12}, journal={JOURNAL OF FELINE MEDICINE AND SURGERY}, author={Quimby, Jessica M. and McLeland, Shannon M. and Cianciolo, Rachel E. and Lunn, Katharine F. and Lulich, Jody P. and Erikson, Andrea and Barron, Lara B.}, year={2022}, month={Dec}, pages={E472–E480} }
 @article{barash_lashnits_kern_tolbert_lunn_2022, title={Outcomes of esophageal and gastric bone foreign bodies in dogs}, volume={2}, ISSN={["1939-1676"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.16383}, DOI={10.1111/jvim.16383}, abstractNote={AbstractBackgroundBone foreign bodies are commonly encountered in small animal practice. Esophageal bone foreign bodies (E‐bFBs) warrant removal, whereas gastric bone foreign bodies might not.ObjectivesDescribe management and outcomes for dogs with esophageal or gastric bone foreign bodies.AnimalsOne hundred twenty‐nine dogs with esophageal (n = 45) or gastric (n = 84) bone foreign bodies.MethodsRetrospective review of medical records.ResultsDogs with E‐bFBs were younger than dogs with gastric bone foreign bodies (median age esophageal, 4 years [IQR 2‐8]; median age gastric, 6 years [IQR 3‐10]; P = .03), and had a higher bone cross‐sectional area relative to body weight (median esophageal, 98.21 mm2/kg [IQR 48.25‐142.6]; median gastric, 28.6 mm2/kg [IQR 17.25‐64.28]; P < .001). Forty‐two of 45 esophageal foreign bodies were resolved non‐surgically and 3 by esophagotomy. Esophageal erosions were more likely with distal entrapment (OR 12.88, [95% CI 31.95‐129.29], P = .01) and longer duration (OR 18.82 [95% CI 2.22‐273.97], P = .01). Sixty‐two of 84 bone gastric foreign bodies were left in situ. Endoscopic removal was successful in 20 of 22 (91%; 95% CI 70‐99) attempts.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceWhile all E‐bFBs were dislodged either by advancement into the stomach, endoscopic removal, or esophagotomy, the majority of gastric bone foreign bodies were left in situ for dissolution, with no reported complications. Gastric advancement of E‐bFBs should be considered when oral removal is not feasible, and dissolution can be considered even with large bones.}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE}, author={Barash, Nanelle R. and Lashnits, Erin and Kern, Zachary T. and Tolbert, Mary Katherine and Lunn, Katharine F.}, year={2022}, month={Feb} }
 @article{laquaglia_robertson_lunn_2021, title={Neutropenia in dogs receiving vincristine for treatment of presumptive immune-mediated thrombocytopenia}, volume={35}, ISSN={["1939-1676"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.16029}, DOI={10.1111/jvim.16029}, abstractNote={AbstractBackgroundNeutropenia is an adverse effect of vincristine when used in multidrug chemotherapy protocols.ObjectiveTo determine the incidence of neutropenia, identify potential risk factors for neutropenia, and determine the effect of neutropenia on outcome, in dogs receiving vincristine for treatment of immune‐mediated thrombocytopenia (ITP).AnimalsOne hundred twenty‐seven client‐owned dogs presumptively diagnosed with ITP.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, medical records were reviewed to identify dogs presumptively diagnosed with ITP, and treated with vincristine, over a 15‐year period. Logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for the development of neutropenia in dogs receiving vincristine. Time to platelet count ≥40 000 platelets/μL, survival, and duration of hospitalization were compared between neutropenic and non‐neutropenic dogs.ResultsVincristine was administered to 127 dogs with presumptive ITP; 19 became neutropenic. Administration of cyclosporine was significantly (P < .001) associated with the development of neutropenia (odds ratio: 12.97, 95% confidence interval: 4.17, 40.35). There was no difference in median time to ≥40 000 platelets/μL between neutropenic dogs (4 days; range, 1‐14 days) and non‐neutropenic dogs (3 days; range, 0‐48 days). Percentage survival to discharge was 95% in both groups, but median duration of hospitalization was significantly longer in neutropenic dogs (6 days; range, 3‐22 days) compared to non‐neutropenic dogs (4 days; range, 2‐15 days).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceCyclosporine administration was associated with the development of neutropenia in dogs receiving vincristine, which might be related to effects on metabolism of vincristine. Neutrophil counts should be monitored in dogs receiving vincristine treatment for ITP, particularly if administered in conjunction with cyclosporine.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE}, publisher={Wiley}, author={LaQuaglia, Kathryn A. and Robertson, James B. and Lunn, Katharine F.}, year={2021}, month={Jan}, pages={226–233} }
 @article{quimby_erickson_mcleland_cianciolo_maranon_lunn_elliott_lawson_hess_paschall_et al._2021, title={Renal Senescence, Telomere Shortening and Nitrosative Stress in Feline Chronic Kidney Disease}, volume={8}, ISSN={["2306-7381"]}, DOI={10.3390/vetsci8120314}, abstractNote={Kidney tissues from cats with naturally occurring chronic kidney disease (CKD) and adult and senior cats without CKD were assessed to determine whether telomere shortening and nitrosative stress are associated with senescence in feline CKD. The histopathologic assessment of percent global glomerulosclerosis, inflammatory infiltrate, and fibrosis was performed. Senescence and nitrosative stress were evaluated utilizing p16 and iNOS immunohistochemistry, respectively. Renal telomere length was evaluated using telomere fluorescent in situ hybridization combined with immunohistochemistry. CKD cats were found to have significantly increased p16 staining in both the renal cortex and corticomedullary junction compared to adult and senior cats. Senior cats had significantly increased p16 staining in the corticomedullary junction compared to adult cats. p16 staining in both the renal cortex and corticomedullary junction were found to be significantly correlated with percent global glomerulosclerosis, cortical inflammatory infiltrate, and fibrosis scores. p16 staining also correlated with age in non-CKD cats. Average telomere length was significantly decreased in CKD cats compared to adult and senior cats. CKD cats had significantly increased iNOS staining compared to adult cats. Our results demonstrate increased renal senescence, telomere shortening, and nitrosative stress in feline CKD, identifying these patients as potential candidates for senolytic therapy with translational potential.}, number={12}, journal={VETERINARY SCIENCES}, author={Quimby, Jessica and Erickson, Andrea and Mcleland, Shannon and Cianciolo, Rachel and Maranon, David and Lunn, Katharine and Elliott, Jonathan and Lawson, Jack and Hess, Ann and Paschall, Rene and et al.}, year={2021}, month={Dec} }
 @article{sztukowski_gin_neel_lunn_2021, title={Simultaneous primary hyperparathyroidism and multiple myeloma in a dog with hypercalcaemia}, volume={10}, ISSN={["2052-6121"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85116385879&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1002/vrc2.198}, abstractNote={AbstractA 14‐year‐old male castrated Pomeranian was found to be hypercalcaemic and hyperglobulinaemic during investigation of anorexia and haematochezia. Ionised hypercalcaemia, increased serum parathyroid hormone concentration, normophosphatemia and a parathyroid nodule found on cervical ultrasound examination were diagnostic for primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Thoracic radiographs revealed ovoid lytic lesions in multiple bones. To investigate the hyperglobulinaemia, serum electrophoresis and immunoglobulin (Ig) quantification were performed, revealing an IgA biclonal gammopathy. Bone marrow cytopathology confirmed multiple myeloma (MM). Following bilateral parathyroidectomy, the dog's hypercalcaemia resolved, and pulse‐dose chemotherapy with prednisone and melphalan was initiated to treat MM. To the authors' knowledge, this is a unique case report of simultaneous PHPT and MM in the veterinary literature, diseases that are rarely reported concurrently in humans. This case highlights the need to thoroughly investigate multiple problems when they are not explained by a single diagnosis.}, number={4}, journal={VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS}, author={Sztukowski, Keira and Gin, Taylor and Neel, Jennifer and Lunn, Katharine}, year={2021}, month={Oct} }
 @misc{lunn_2020, title={Leptospirosis}, ISBN={9781118497067 9781119501237}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119501237.ch101}, DOI={10.1002/9781119501237.ch101}, abstractNote={Leptospirosis is a zoonotic bacterial disease affecting the health of animals and humans throughout the world. In small animals, clinical leptospirosis is a significant problem in dogs, but the role of leptospires in feline disease is still poorly understood. Pathogenic leptospires are maintained in the environment through the shedding of organisms in the urine of a wide variety of endemically infected mammalian reservoir hosts. These reservoir hosts usually do not develop clinical disease, but serve as a source infection for incidental hosts, such as dogs and humans. There are few reports of clinical leptospirosis in cats, but it has been shown that cats can seroconvert to lepto-spiral organisms, and there is some evidence that cats may shed lepto spires in the urine. However, it has not been clearly demonstrated that leptospirosis is a significant clinical problem in domestic cats. The chapter also discusses diagnosis method, therapy, prognosis, and vaccination of leptospirosis.}, journal={Clinical Small Animal Internal Medicine}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Lunn, Katharine F.}, year={2020}, month={Apr}, pages={945–949} }
 @article{birkenheuer_royal_cerreta_hemstreet_lunn_gookin_mcgarvey_2020, title={Perceptions and attitudes of Small Animal Internal Medicine specialists toward the publication requirement for board certification}, volume={34}, ISSN={["1939-1676"]}, DOI={10.1111/jvim.15717}, abstractNote={AbstractBackgroundThe publication requirement for board certification in Small Animal Internal Medicine (SAIM) by the ACVIM is controversial.ObjectivesDirectly and indirectly evaluate the perceptions SAIM Diplomates have on the publication requirement. A secondary objective was to compare the frequency with which publications submitted for credentialing purposes (CredPubs) were cited compared to control articles.SubjectsOne thousand two hundred forty‐one SAIM Diplomates were sent an electronic survey.MethodsA electronic survey was sent to all SAIM Diplomates. Practice websites were evaluated for reference to publication or research. An electronic database was searched to identify the number of times a subset of CredPubs were cited was compared to control articles.ResultsFive hundred six individuals responded. The majority of respondents (n = 428, 85.25%) stated the requirement should be retained either with no changes (n = 186, 37.05%) or with clarifications or modifications (n = 242, 48.21%). A minority of respondents (n = 74, 14.7%) felt it should be eliminated. “Understanding the scientific process” was the most commonly selected reason (n = 467, 92.48%) for the publication requirement. All websites that mentioned research or publication did so using a positive sentiment. With regard to relative citation rates; 17% of CredPubs were in the lower quartile, 59.1% of CredPubs were in the interquartile range, and 23.5% were in the upper quartile compared to control articles.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceA majority of SAIM Diplomates favored the retention of the publication requirement in some form. CredPubs were cited at rates similar to control articles.}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE}, author={Birkenheuer, Adam J. and Royal, Kenneth D. and Cerreta, Anthony and Hemstreet, Daniel and Lunn, Katharine F. and Gookin, Jody L. and McGarvey, Stephanie}, year={2020}, month={Mar}, pages={574–580} }
 @inbook{lunn_boston_2020, place={St. Louis, MO}, edition={6th edition}, title={Tumors of the Endocrine System}, ISBN={9780323594967}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-59496-7.00026-8}, DOI={10.1016/b978-0-323-59496-7.00026-8}, booktitle={Withrow and MacEwen's Small Animal Clinical Oncology}, publisher={Elsevier}, author={Lunn, Katharine F. and Boston, Sarah E.}, editor={Vail, David M. and Thamm, Douglas H. and Liptak, Julias M.Editors}, year={2020}, pages={565–596} }
 @article{oh_foster_lunn_mowat_2019, title={Circulating neurohormone imbalances in canine sudden acquired retinal degeneration syndrome and canine pituitary-dependent hypercortisolism}, volume={33}, ISSN={["1939-1676"]}, DOI={10.1111/jvim.15646}, abstractNote={AbstractBackgroundSudden acquired retinal degeneration syndrome (SARDS) has clinical similarity to pituitary‐dependent hypercortisolism (PDH) in dogs. Some studies have identified a greater frequency of SARDS in seasons with reduced daylight hours. Neurohormone imbalances contribute to retinal lesions in other species, warranting further study in dogs with SARDS.HypothesisDysregulation of circulating melatonin concentration is present in dogs with SARDS but not in dogs with PDH.AnimalsFifteen client‐owned dogs with spontaneous SARDS (median time of vision loss 18 days), 14 normal dogs, and 13 dogs with confirmed PDH.ProceduresProspective case‐control study. ELISA on samples (obtained in the morning) for measurement of plasma melatonin and dopamine, serum serotonin, urine 6‐sulfatoxymelatonin (MT6s), and creatinine. Statistical analysis was performed using 1‐way ANOVA, Spearman correlation and receiver operator characteristic area under the curve analysis.ResultsThere were no significant differences in circulating melatonin, serotonin or dopamine concentrations between the 3 groups, although the study was underpowered for detection of significant differences in serum serotonin. Urine MT6s:creatinine ratio was significantly higher in dogs with PDH (4.08 ± 2.15 urine [MT6s] ng/mL per mg of urine creatinine) compared with dogs with SARDS (2.37 ± .51, P < .01), but not compared with normal dogs.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceWe have identified neurohormone differences between dogs with SARDS and PDH.}, number={6}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE}, author={Oh, Annie and Foster, Melanie L. and Lunn, Katharine F. and Mowat, Freya M.}, year={2019}, month={Nov}, pages={2587–2594} }
 @article{oh_foster_williams_zheng_ru_lunn_mowat_2019, title={Diagnostic utility of clinical and laboratory test parameters for differentiating between sudden acquired retinal degeneration syndrome and pituitary‐dependent hyperadrenocorticism in dogs}, volume={22}, ISSN={1463-5216 1463-5224}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/vop.12661}, DOI={10.1111/vop.12661}, abstractNote={AbstractObjectiveTo identify discriminating factors, using clinical ophthalmic examination findings and routine laboratory testing, that differentiate dogs with early sudden acquired retinal degeneration (SARDS; vision loss <6 weeks’ duration), age‐ and breed‐matched control dogs, and dogs with pituitary‐dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH).AnimalsClient‐owned dogs: 15 with SARDS with <6 weeks duration of vision loss, 14 age‐ and breed‐matched control dogs, and 13 dogs with confirmed PDH.ProceduresDogs underwent ophthalmic examination, electroretinography (ERG) fundus photography, and spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT) in addition to physical examination, urinalysis, serum biochemistry, complete blood count, and adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) stimulation testing. Statistical analysis was performed using receiver operating curve area under the curve analysis, principal component analysis with sparse partial least squares analysis, and one‐way ANOVA.ResultsDogs with SARDS all had absent vision and ERG a‐ and b‐waves. SD‐OCT demonstrated that dogs with SARDS had significantly thicker inner retina, thinner outer nuclear layer, and thicker photoreceptor inner/outer segment measurements than either controls or dogs with PDH. Discriminating laboratory parameters between dogs with SARDS and PDH with high specificity included post‐ACTH serum cortisol (<19.3 μg/dL), AST:ALT ratio (>0.343), and urine specific gravity (>1.030).Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceWe have identified significant discriminators between SARDS and PDH. This work provides the basis for future studies that could identify and examine dogs with SARDS prior to vision loss, which may extend the potential therapeutic window for SARDS.}, number={6}, journal={Veterinary Ophthalmology}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Oh, Annie and Foster, Melanie L. and Williams, Jonathan G. and Zheng, Chaowen and Ru, Hongyu and Lunn, Katharine F. and Mowat, Freya M.}, year={2019}, month={Mar}, pages={842–858} }
 @article{aicher_cullen_seiler_lunn_mathews_gookin_2019, title={Investigation of adrenal and thyroid gland dysfunction in dogs with ultrasonographic diagnosis of gallbladder mucocele formation}, volume={14}, ISSN={1932-6203}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0212638}, DOI={10.1371/journal.pone.0212638}, abstractNote={Gallbladder mucocele formation is an emerging disease in dogs characterized by increased secretion of condensed granules of gel-forming mucin by the gallbladder epithelium and formation of an abnormally thick mucus that can culminate in obstruction of the bile duct or rupture of the gallbladder. The disease is associated with a high morbidity and mortality and its pathogenesis is unknown. Affected dogs have a significantly increased likelihood of concurrent diagnosis of hyperadrenocorticism, hypothyroidism, and hyperlipidemia. Whether these endocrinopathies represent coincidental primary disease processes that exacerbate gallbladder mucocele formation in predisposed dogs or reflect a concurrent disruption of endocrine and lipid metabolism is unclear. In this study, we investigated a hypothesis that dogs with gallbladder mucocele formation would have a high prevalence of occult and atypical abnormalities in adrenal cortical and thyroid gland function that would suggest the presence of endocrine disruption and provide deeper insight into disease pathogenesis. We performed a case-control study of dogs with and without ultrasonographic diagnosis of gallbladder mucocele formation and profiled adrenal cortical function using a quantitative mass spectrometry-based assay of serum adrenal-origin steroids before and after administration of synthetic cosyntropin. We simultaneously profiled serum thyroid hormone concentrations and evaluated iodine sufficiency by measurement of urine iodine:creatinine ratios (UICR). The studies were complemented by histological examination of archival thyroid tissue and measurements of thyroid gland organic iodine from dogs with gallbladder mucocele formation and control dogs. Dogs with gallbladder mucocele formation demonstrated an exaggerated cortisol response to adrenal stimulation with cosyntropin. A prevalence of 10% of dogs with gallbladder mucocele formation met laboratory-based criteria for suspect or definitive diagnosis of hyperadrenocorticism. A significantly greater number of dogs with gallbladder mucocele formation had basal serum dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEAS) increases compared to control dogs. A high percentage of dogs with gallbladder mucocele formation (26%) met laboratory-based criteria for diagnosis of hypothyroidism, but lacked detection of anti-thyroglobulin antibodies. Dogs with gallbladder mucocele formation had significantly higher UICRs than control dogs. Examination of thyroid tissue from an unrelated group of dogs with gallbladder mucocele formation did not demonstrate histological evidence of thyroiditis or significant differences in content of organic iodine. These findings suggest that dogs with gallbladder mucocele formation have a greater capacity for cortisol synthesis and pinpoint DHEAS elevations as a potential clue to the underlying pathogenesis of the disease. A high prevalence of thyroid dysfunction with absent evidence for autoimmune thyroiditis suggest a disrupted thyroid hormone metabolism in dogs with gallbladder mucocele formation although an influence of non-thyroidal illness cannot be excluded. High UICR in dogs with gallbladder mucocele formation is of undetermined significance, but of interest for further study.}, number={2}, journal={PLOS ONE}, publisher={Public Library of Science (PLoS)}, author={Aicher, Kathleen M. and Cullen, John M. and Seiler, Gabriela S. and Lunn, Katharine F. and Mathews, Kyle G. and Gookin, Jody L.}, editor={Loor, Juan J.Editor}, year={2019}, month={Feb}, pages={e0212638} }
 @article{young_oh_williams_foster_miller_lunn_mowat_2018, title={Clinical therapeutic efficacy of mycophenolate mofetil in the treatment of SARDS in dogs-a prospective open-label pilot study}, volume={21}, ISSN={["1463-5224"]}, DOI={10.1111/vop.12545}, abstractNote={AbstractObjectiveSudden acquired retinal degeneration syndrome (SARDS) is a leading cause of irreversible blindness in dogs, yet no treatment has been objectively evaluated, or proven to be effective. Consensus of opinion is that SARDS is immune‐mediated, although corticosteroid medications may exacerbate associated systemic signs. We examined the effect of sole‐agent treatment with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), a potent immunosuppressive medication unlikely to exacerbate associated systemic signs.Animals studiedTen client‐owned dogs with SARDS prospectively recruited within 6 weeks of vision loss.ProceduresClinical history, findings of systemic and ophthalmic examinations, blood parameters, visual navigation ability, electroretinography, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were collected at baseline and at recheck after approximately 6 weeks of treatment with 10 mg/kg q 12 h of oral MMF.ResultsTwenty percent of dogs (2/10) experienced side effects (diarrhea, vomiting, lethargy), which resolved with reduction in dose to 8 mg/kg q12 h. No significant changes in systemic signs, physical examination findings, or laboratory test results were detected at the recheck examination. Compared with baseline, visual ability significantly declined at the recheck examination, and the amplitude of a slow‐onset negative waveform noted on dark‐adapted electroretinography was reduced at the recheck examination. The outer retinal layers were significantly thinner at the recheck examination as measured by OCT.ConclusionsMycophenolate mofetil as a sole agent has no measureable positive effect on physical health, vision, or retinal structure following a 6‐week trial period. Further studies are needed to evaluate other treatment options for SARDS.}, number={6}, journal={VETERINARY OPHTHALMOLOGY}, author={Young, Whitney M. and Oh, Annie and Williams, Jonathan G. and Foster, Melanie L. and Miller, William W. and Lunn, Katharine F. and Mowat, Freya M.}, year={2018}, month={Nov}, pages={565–576} }
 @article{wormhoudt_boss_lunn_griffin_leary_dowers_rao_larue_2018, title={Stereotactic radiation therapy for the treatment of functional pituitary adenomas associated with feline acromegaly}, volume={32}, ISSN={0891-6640}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jvim.15212}, DOI={10.1111/jvim.15212}, abstractNote={BackgroundConventional fractionated radiotherapy has been shown to be partially effective for management of pituitary tumors in cats that cause acromegaly and diabetes mellitus (DM), but, the efficacy and safety of stereotactic radiation therapy (SRT) as a treatment for acromegalic cats has not been described.HypothesisStereotactic radiation therapy is an effective and safe treatment for controlling acromegaly associated with pituitary adenomas in cats. Additionally, SRT‐treated acromegalic cats with DM will experience a decrease in insulin requirements after radiation therapy.AnimalsFifty‐three client‐owned cats referred to Colorado State University for SRT to treat pituitary tumors causing poorly controlled DM secondary to acromegaly.MethodsRetrospective study of cats treated for acromegaly with SRT between 2008 and 2016 at Colorado State University. Diagnosis of acromegaly was based on history, physical examination, laboratory results, and cross‐sectional imaging of the pituitary. Signalment, radiation protocol, insulin requirements over time, adverse effects, and survival were recorded.ResultsMedian survival time was 1072 days. Of the 41 cats for which insulin dosage information was available, 95% (39/41) experienced a decrease in required insulin dose, with 32% (13/41) achieving diabetic remission. Remission was permanent in 62% (8/13) and temporary in 38% (5/13) cats. Median duration to lowest insulin dose was 9.5 months. Of the treated cats, 14% developed hypothyroidism and required supplementation after SRT.ConclusionsStereotactic radiation therapy is safe and effective for treating cats with acromegaly. Cats treated with SRT have improved survival time and control of their DM when compared to previously reported patients treated with non‐SRT.}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Wormhoudt, Tiffany L. and Boss, Mary-Keara and Lunn, Katharine and Griffin, Lynn and Leary, Del and Dowers, Kristy and Rao, Sangeeta and LaRue, Susan M.}, year={2018}, month={Jul}, pages={1383–1391} }
 @inproceedings{talley_zimmer_bolotnov_2016, title={Coalescence prevention algorithm for level set method}, DOI={10.1115/fedsm2016-7608}, abstractNote={The application of interface tracking methods to bubbly flow modeling has grown in recent years due to improvements in computing performance and development of more efficient solvers. However, the standard formulation of most interface tracking methods is not designed to physically handle the interface interactions at reasonable grid sizes. Regardless of the method used, a high grid resolution is required in the liquid film region in order to properly model drainage process during bubble interaction, which in certain conditions prevents the coalescence. This makes large scale (many bubbles) simulations unaffordable. One of the popular interface tracking approached is the level-set (LS) method. To simulate realistic bubble coalescence behavior in the LS method an algorithm with the capability of delaying or preventing the process of multiple simultaneous coalescence events has been developed.
               Bubble interaction plays a significant role in high void fraction flow behavior and affects the transition to other flow regimes (e.g. churn-turbulent or slug flows). The described algorithm allows to improve the accuracy of predicting coalescence events in these relevant cases and has been tested in a variety of conditions and computational meshes.
               This novel algorithm uses the LS method field to detect when bubbles are in close proximity, indicating a potential coalescence event, and applies a subgrid scale force to simulate the unresolved liquid drainage force. The subgrid-model is introduced by locally modifying the surface tension force near the liquid film drainage area. The algorithm can also simulate the liquid drainage time of the thin film by controlling the length of time the increased surface tension has been applied. Thus a new method of modeling bubble coalescence has been developed.
               Several test cases were designed to demonstrate the capabilities of the algorithm. The simulations, including a mesh study, confirmed the abilities to identify and prevent coalescence as well as implement the time tracking portion, with an additional 10–25% computational cost. Ongoing tests aim to verify the algorithm’s functionality for simulations with different flow conditions, a ranging number of bubbles, and both structured and unstructured computational mesh types. Specifically, a bubble rising towards a free surface provides a test of performance and demonstrates the ability to consistently prevent coalescence. In addition, a two bubble case and a seven bubble case provide a more complex demonstration of how the algorithm performs for larger simulations. These cases are compared to much more expensive simulations capable of resolving the liquid film drainage (through very high local mesh resolution), to investigate how the algorithm replicates the liquid film drainage process.}, booktitle={Proceedings of the asme fluids engineering division summer meeting, 2016, vol 1b}, author={Talley, M. L. and Zimmer, M. D. and Bolotnov, I. A.}, year={2016} }
 @article{friedenberg_lunn_meurs_2016, title={Evaluation of the genetic basis of primary hypoadrenocorticism in Standard Poodles using SNP array genotyping and whole-genome sequencing}, volume={28}, ISSN={0938-8990 1432-1777}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/S00335-016-9671-6}, DOI={10.1007/S00335-016-9671-6}, abstractNote={Primary hypoadrenocorticism, also known as Addison's disease, is an autoimmune disorder leading to the destruction of the adrenal cortex and subsequent loss of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid hormones. The disease is prevalent in Standard Poodles and is believed to be highly heritable in the breed. Using genotypes derived from the Illumina Canine HD SNP array, we performed a genome-wide association study of 133 carefully phenotyped Standard Poodles (61 affected, 72 unaffected) and found no markers significantly associated with the disease. We also sequenced the entire genomes of 20 Standard Poodles (13 affected, 7 unaffected) and analyzed the data to identify common variants (including SNPs, indels, structural variants, and copy number variants) across affected dogs and variants segregating within a single pedigree of highly affected dogs. We identified several candidate genes that may be fixed in both Standard Poodles and a small population of dogs of related breeds. Further studies are required to confirm these findings more broadly, as well as additional gene-mapping efforts aimed at fully understanding the genetic basis of what is likely a complex inherited disorder.}, number={1-2}, journal={Mammalian Genome}, publisher={Springer Nature}, author={Friedenberg, Steven G. and Lunn, Katharine F. and Meurs, Kathryn M.}, year={2016}, month={Nov}, pages={56–65} }
 @inbook{lunn_2016, place={Kenilworth, NJ}, edition={11th Edition}, title={Fever of Unknown Origin}, ISBN={9780911910612}, booktitle={The Merck Veterinary Manual}, publisher={Merck & Co., Inc.}, author={Lunn, K.F.}, editor={Aiello, S.E. and Moses, M.A. and Allen, D.G.Editors}, year={2016}, pages={1015–1017} }
 @inbook{lunn_2016, place={Kenilworth, NJ}, edition={11th Edition}, title={Leptospirosis}, ISBN={978-0-911-91061-2}, booktitle={The Merck Veterinary Manual}, publisher={Merck & Co., Inc.}, author={Lunn, K.F.}, editor={Aiello, S.E. and Moses, M.A.Editors}, year={2016}, pages={646–653} }
 @article{jacob_hoppin_steers_davis_davidson_hansen_lunn_murphy_papich_2015, title={Opinions of clinical veterinarians at a US veterinary teaching hospital regarding antimicrobial use and antimicrobial-resistant infections}, volume={247}, ISSN={0003-1488}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.247.8.938}, DOI={10.2460/javma.247.8.938}, abstractNote={Abstract
Objective—To determine opinions of faculty members with clinical appointments, clinical veterinarians, residents, and interns at a US veterinary teaching hospital regarding antimicrobial use and antimicrobial-resistant infections.
Design—Cross-sectional survey.
Sample—71 veterinarians.
Procedures—An online questionnaire was sent to all veterinarians with clinical service responsibilities at the North Carolina State University veterinary teaching hospital (n = 167). The survey included 23 questions regarding demographic information, educational experiences, current prescribing practices, and personal opinions related to antimicrobial selection, antimicrobial use, restrictions on antimicrobial use, and antimicrobial resistance.
Results—Of the 167 veterinarians eligible to participate, 71 (43%) responded. When respondents were asked to rate their level of concern (very concerned = 1; not concerned = 5) about antimicrobial-resistant infections, most (41/70 [59%]) assigned a score of 1, with mean score for all respondents being 1.5. Most survey participants rated their immediate colleagues (mean score, 1.9) as more concerned than other veterinary medical professionals (mean score, 2.3) and their clients (mean score, 3.4). Fifty-nine of 67 (88%) respondents felt that antimicrobials were overprescribed at the hospital, and 32 of 69 (46%) respondents felt uncomfortable prescribing at least one class of antimicrobials (eg, carbapenems or glycopeptides) because of public health concerns.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Findings indicated that veterinarians at this teaching hospital were concerned about antimicrobial resistance, thought antimicrobials were overprescribed, and supported restricting use of certain antimicrobial classes in companion animals. Findings may be useful in educating future veterinarians and altering prescribing habits and antimicrobial distribution systems in veterinary hospitals.}, number={8}, journal={Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association}, publisher={American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)}, author={Jacob, Megan E. and Hoppin, Jane A. and Steers, Nicola and Davis, Jennifer L. and Davidson, Gigi and Hansen, Bernie and Lunn, Katharine F. and Murphy, K. Marcia and Papich, Mark G.}, year={2015}, month={Oct}, pages={938–944} }
 @article{lourenco_randall_seiler_lunn_2015, title={Abdominal ultrasonographic findings in acromegalic cats}, volume={17}, ISSN={["1532-2750"]}, DOI={10.1177/1098612x14556847}, abstractNote={Objectives Acromegaly is increasingly recognized as a cause of insulin resistance in cats with diabetes mellitus (DM). The objective of this study was to determine if ultrasonographic changes in selected abdominal organs of acromegalic cats could be used to raise the index of suspicion for this condition. Methods In this retrospective case-control study, medical records of cats presenting to North Carolina State University or Colorado State University from January 2002 to October 2012 were reviewed. Cats were included in the acromegaly group if they had insulin-resistant DM with increased serum insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) concentrations and had an abdominal ultrasound examination performed with report available. A control group included age-matched cats that had abdominal ultrasound examination performed for investigation of disease unlikely to involve the kidneys, adrenal glands, pancreas or liver. Results Twenty-four cats were included in each group. IGF-1 concentrations in the acromegaly group ranged from >148 to 638 nmol/l. When compared with age-matched controls, cats with acromegaly demonstrated significantly increased median left and right kidney length, significantly increased median left and right adrenal gland thickness, and significantly increased median pancreatic thickness. Hepatomegaly and bilateral adrenomegaly were reported in 63% and 53% of acromegalic cats, respectively, and in none of the controls. Pancreatic abnormalities were described in 88% of the acromegalic cats and 8% of the controls. Conclusions and relevance These findings indicate that compared with non-acromegalic cats, age-matched acromegalic patients have measurably larger kidneys, adrenal glands and pancreas. Diagnostic testing for acromegaly should be considered in poorly regulated diabetic cats exhibiting organomegaly on abdominal ultrasound examination. }, number={8}, journal={JOURNAL OF FELINE MEDICINE AND SURGERY}, author={Lourenco, Bianca N. and Randall, Elissa and Seiler, Gabriela and Lunn, Katharine F.}, year={2015}, month={Aug}, pages={698–703} }
 @article{myers_lunn_bright_2014, title={Echocardiographic Findings in 11 Cats with Acromegaly}, volume={28}, ISSN={["1939-1676"]}, DOI={10.1111/jvim.12386}, abstractNote={BackgroundInformation regarding cardiac changes in domestic cats with acromegaly is limited.Hypothesis/ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to describe the echocardiographic findings in cats with acromegaly.AnimalsEighteen cats diagnosed with acromegaly at Colorado State University between 2008 and 2012. Of these 18 cats, 11 had echocardiography performed.MethodsA retrospective review of medical records was made to identify cats with acromegaly that also had echocardiography performed.ResultsOf the 11 cats identified, 7 had left ventricular concentric hypertrophy, 6 had left atrial enlargement, and 7 had evidence of abnormal diastolic function. All 11 cats had evidence of structural or functional cardiac disease.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceCardiovascular abnormalities frequently are present in cats with acromegaly, and a complete cardiac evaluation should be considered in these patients.}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE}, author={Myers, J. A. and Lunn, K. F. and Bright, J. M.}, year={2014}, pages={1235–1238} }
 @inbook{lunn_2014, place={St. Louis, MO}, edition={15th edition}, title={Leptospirosis}, ISBN={9781437726893 9780323227629}, booktitle={Kirk’s Current Veterinary Therapy}, publisher={Elsevier Saunders}, author={Lunn, K.F.}, editor={Bonagura, J.D. and Twedt, D.C.Editors}, year={2014}, pages={1286–1289} }
 @article{mcleland_lunn_duncan_refsal_quimby_2014, title={Relationship among Serum Creatinine, Serum Gastrin, Calcium-phosphorus Product, and Uremic Gastropathy in Cats with Chronic Kidney Disease}, volume={28}, ISSN={0891-6640}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jvim.12342}, DOI={10.1111/jvim.12342}, abstractNote={BackgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) in cats is associated with gastrointestinal signs commonly attributed to uremic gastropathy. Consequently, patients often are treated with antacids and gastrointestinal protectants. This therapeutic regimen is based on documented gastric lesions in uremic humans and dogs, but the nature and incidence of uremic gastropathy in cats are unknown.Hypothesis/ObjectivesEvaluate uremic gastropathy in CKD cats to facilitate refinement of medical management for gastrointestinal signs.AnimalsThirty‐seven CKD cats; 12 nonazotemic catsMethodsStomachs were evaluated for the presence of classic uremic gastropathy lesions. Histopathologic lesions were compared with serum creatinine concentrations, calcium‐phosphorus product (CPP), and serum gastrin concentrations.ResultsGastric ulceration, edema, and vascular fibrinoid change were not observed. The most important gastric lesions in CKD cats were fibrosis and mineralization. Sixteen CKD cats (43%) had evidence of gastric fibrosis of varying severity and 14 CKD cats (38%) had gastric mineralization. CKD cats were more likely to have gastric fibrosis and mineralization than nonazotemic controls (P = .005 and P = .021, respectively). Only cats with moderate and severe azotemia had gastric mineralization. CPP was correlated with disease severity; severely azotemic CKD cats had significantly higher CPP when compared with nonazotemic controls, and to mildly and moderately azotemic cats (P < .05). Gastrin concentrations were significantly higher in CKD cats when compared with nonazotemic controls (P = .003), but increased concentrations were not associated with gastric ulceration.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceUremic gastropathy in CKD cats differs from that described in other species and this difference should be considered when devising medical management.}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine}, publisher={Wiley}, author={McLeland, S.M. and Lunn, K.F. and Duncan, C.G. and Refsal, K.R. and Quimby, J.M.}, year={2014}, month={Mar}, pages={827–837} }
 @article{nolan_randall_larue_lunn_stewart_kraft_2013, title={Accuracy of CT and MRI for contouring the feline optic apparatus for radiation therapy planning}, volume={54}, ISSN={1058-8183}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/vru.12070}, DOI={10.1111/vru.12070}, abstractNote={Consistency and accuracy in normal tissue contouring in radiotherapy planning is important for comparison of dosimetry and toxicity data between studies. The purpose of this study was to determine whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) improves the accuracy of optic apparatus contouring as compared with computed tomography (CT) in both normal and acromegalic cats, and to construct a reference contour of the feline optic apparatus. Both CT and MRI were performed on cadavers of four healthy cats, as well as on five radiotherapy patients with feline acromegaly. Contours of the optic apparatus were drawn for each imaging study. The volume, center of mass, and the degree of concordance and mismatch were determined for each, and compared with a reference standard. Precontrast CT was found to overestimate volume as compared with MRI in acromegalic cats; no other statistically significant differences were identified in the volume, concordance index or mismatch index values of normal or acromegalic cats. Contours derived from T2‐wieghted MRI were subjectively considered to best match the reference standard. The caudal margin of the optic chiasm and the optic tracts were difficult to confidently contour regardless of which imaging modality and/or sequence was used. In conclusion, findings from the current study supported the use of a combination of CT and MR images and a priori knowledge of the shape of the optic apparatus to guide accurate contouring, especially where image contrast is not sufficient to clearly delineate the margins. Guidelines for feline optic apparatus contouring developed in this study can be used for future studies.}, number={5}, journal={Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Nolan, Michael W. and Randall, Elissa K. and LaRue, Susan M. and Lunn, Katharine F. and Stewart, Jeff and Kraft, Susan L.}, year={2013}, month={Jun}, pages={560–566} }
 @article{pecoraro_bennett_garretson_quintana_lunn_landolt_2013, title={Comparison of the Infectivity and Transmission of Contemporary Canine and Equine H3N8 Influenza Viruses in Dogs}, volume={2013}, ISSN={2090-8113 2042-0048}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/874521}, DOI={10.1155/2013/874521}, abstractNote={Phylogenetic analyses indicate that canine influenza viruses (CIVs) (H3N8) evolved from contemporary equine influenza virus (EIV). Despite the genetic relatedness of EIV and CIV, recent evidence suggests that CIV is unable to infect, replicate, and spread among susceptible horses. To determine whether equine H3N8 viruses have equally lost the ability to infect, cause disease, and spread among dogs, we evaluated the infectivity and transmissibility of a recent Florida sublineage EIV isolate in dogs. Clinical signs, nasal virus shedding, and serological responses were monitored in dogs for 21 days after inoculation. Real-time reverse transcription-PCR and hemagglutination inhibition assays showed that both the viruses have maintained the ability to infect and replicate in dogs and result in seroconversion. Transmission of EIV from infected to sentinel dogs, however, was restricted. Furthermore, both CIV and EIV exhibited similar sialic acid-α2,3-gal receptor-binding preferences upon solid-phase binding assays. The results of thein vivoexperiments reported here suggesting that dogs are susceptible to EIV and previous reports by members of our laboratory showing limited CIV infection in horses have been mirrored in CIV and EIV infections studies in primary canine and equine respiratory epithelial cells.}, journal={Veterinary Medicine International}, publisher={Hindawi Limited}, author={Pecoraro, Heidi L. and Bennett, Susi and Garretson, Kristina and Quintana, Ayshea M. and Lunn, Katharine F. and Landolt, Gabriele A.}, year={2013}, pages={1–10} }
 @inbook{lunn_james_2013, place={Ames, Iowa}, title={Diabetes Insipidus and Polyuria/Polydipsia in Dogs}, ISBN={9780813805832 9781118997093}, DOI={10.1002/9781118997093.ch42}, abstractNote={Polyuria and polydipsia are the classic signs of diabetes insipidus. Central diabetes insipidus is an uncommon or rare condition, due to a deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and may be total or partial. Primary nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is rare in dogs. Secondary nephrogenic diabetes insipidus accounts for the majority of cases of canine polyuria/polydipsia. The cardinal clinical sign of central diabetes insipidus is polyuria/polydipsia with hyposthenuria. Primary nephrogenic diabetes insipidus also causes significant polyuria/polydipsia and hyposthenuria. The polyuria/polydipsia in secondary nephrogenic diabetes insipidus may vary from mild to severe. The diagnosis of central diabetes insipidus or primary nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is accomplished through ruling out other causes of polyuria/polydipsia. When the differential diagnoses have been narrowed down to central diabetes insipidus, primary nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, and primary polydipsia, a water deprivation test may be considered to differentiate between these conditions.}, booktitle={Clinical Endocrinology of Companion Animals}, publisher={Wiley-Blackwell}, author={Lunn, K.F. and James, K.M.}, editor={Rand, JacquieEditor}, year={2013}, pages={436–449} }
 @article{carlson_traub-dargatz_lunn_morley_kohler_kasper_landolt_barnett_lunn_2013, title={Equine Viral Respiratory Pathogen Surveillance at Horse Shows and Sales}, volume={33}, ISSN={0737-0806}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2012.06.006}, DOI={10.1016/j.jevs.2012.06.006}, abstractNote={Equine respiratory viral infections cause significant worldwide disease and economic loss. Common causes include equine influenza virus (EIV) and equine herpesviruses-1 and -4 (EHV-1 and -4), and risk of exposure to these agents may be highest in young horses commingling at sales and competitive events. A surveillance study was conducted at two horse shows and two Thoroughbred sales to determine whether horses shed EHV-1, EHV-4, or EIV on arrival, or 2-4 days later, and whether shedding was associated with identifiable risk factors. Real-time polymerase chain reaction assays were used to detect EHV-1, EHV-4, and EIV nucleic acid in nasal swabs obtained from 369 horses at the four events. In response to evidence of clinical disease, 82 additional horses were sampled at two farms providing horses for one of the sales. On arrival at the events, shedding of EHV-1 was detected in 3.3%, EHV-4 in 1.1%, and EIV in 0.8% of horses. EHV-1 was detected at low levels, and EHV-1 and EHV-4 detection was not associated with clinical disease. EIV was detected only in horses at a Thoroughbred sale, in association with an outbreak of respiratory disease traced back to regional farms. On arrival at events, horses younger than 2 years had a significantly greater risk of shedding EHV-1 compared with older horses; no other significant risk factors associated with viral shedding were identified. Thus, there is a risk of exposure to EIV, EHV-1, and EHV-4 at equine events, and horses and events should be managed to mitigate this risk.}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Equine Veterinary Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Carlson, Jennifer K. and Traub-Dargatz, Josie L. and Lunn, D. Paul and Morley, Paul S. and Kohler, Andi and Kasper, Katheryne and Landolt, Gabriele A. and Barnett, D. Craig and Lunn, Katharine F.}, year={2013}, month={Apr}, pages={229–237} }
 @article{pecoraro_spindel_bennett_lunn_landolt_2013, title={Evaluation of virus isolation, one-step real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay, and two rapid influenza diagnostic tests for detecting canine Influenza A virus H3N8 shedding in dogs}, volume={25}, ISSN={["1040-6387"]}, DOI={10.1177/1040638713480500}, abstractNote={ Sustained transmission of canine Influenza A virus (CIV) H3N8 among U.S. dogs underscores the threat influenza continues to pose to canine health. Because rapid and accurate detection of infection is critical to the diagnosis and control of CIV, the 2 main objectives of the current study were to estimate and compare the sensitivities of CIV testing methods on canine swab samples and to evaluate the performance of Flu Detect™ (Synbiotics Corp., Kansas City, MO) for detecting CIV nasal shedding in high-risk shelter dogs. To address the first objective, nasal and pharyngeal swab samples were collected from 124 shelter and household dogs seen by Colorado State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital clinicians for canine infectious respiratory disease between April 2006 and March 2007 and tested for CIV shedding using virus isolation, the rapid influenza diagnostic test Directigen Flu A+B™ (BD Diagnostic Systems, Sparks, MD), and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). For the second objective, 1,372 dogs with unknown respiratory health status were sampled from 6 U.S. shelters from December 2009 to November 2010. Samples were tested for presence of CIV using real-time RT-PCR and Flu Detect. Using a stochastic latent class modeling approach, the median sensitivities of virus isolation, rapid influenza diagnostic test, and real-time RT-PCR were 72%, 65%, and 95%, respectively. The Flu Detect test performed poorly for detecting CIV nasal shedding compared to real-time RT-PCR. In conclusion, the real-time RT-PCR has the highest sensitivity for detecting virus nasal shedding and can be used as a rapid diagnostic test for CIV. }, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION}, author={Pecoraro, Heidi L. and Spindel, Miranda E. and Bennett, Susi and Lunn, Katharine F. and Landolt, Gabriele A.}, year={2013}, month={May}, pages={402–406} }
 @article{quimby_lunn_2013, title={Mirtazapine as an appetite stimulant and anti-emetic in cats with chronic kidney disease: A masked placebo-controlled crossover clinical trial}, volume={197}, ISSN={1090-0233}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.TVJL.2013.05.048}, DOI={10.1016/J.TVJL.2013.05.048}, abstractNote={Cats with chronic kidney disease (CKD) often experience inappetence and vomiting and might benefit from the administration of mirtazapine, a medication with appetite stimulant and anti-nausea properties. The aim of this placebo-controlled, double-masked crossover clinical trial was to evaluate the effects of mirtazapine on bodyweight, appetite and vomiting in cats with CKD. Eleven cats with stable CKD were randomized to receive 1.88 mg mirtazapine or placebo orally every other day for 3 weeks. After a 4 day washout period, each cat crossed over to the alternate treatment for 3 weeks. Physical examinations and serum biochemistry profiles were performed before and after each treatment period and owners kept daily logs of appetite, activity, behavior, and vomiting episodes. Compared to placebo, mirtazapine administration resulted in a statistically significant increase in appetite (P=0.02) and activity (P=0.02) and a statistically significant decrease in vomiting (P=0.047), as determined by Wilcoxon matched pairs analysis. Cats treated with mirtazapine also gained significant bodyweight compared with placebo-treated cats (P=0.002) as determined by linear mixed model analysis. Median weight gain during mirtazapine administration was 0.18 kg (range 0-0.45 kg). Median weight loss during placebo administration was 0.07 kg (range 0-0.34 kg). Mirtazapine is an effective appetite stimulant and anti-emetic for cats with CKD and could be a useful adjunct to the nutritional management of these cases.}, number={3}, journal={The Veterinary Journal}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Quimby, J.M. and Lunn, K.F.}, year={2013}, month={Sep}, pages={651–655} }
 @inbook{lunn_page_2013, title={Tumors of the Endocrine System}, ISBN={9781437723625}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4377-2362-5.00025-6}, DOI={10.1016/b978-1-4377-2362-5.00025-6}, booktitle={Withrow and MacEwen's Small Animal Clinical Oncology}, publisher={Elsevier}, author={Lunn, Katharine F. and Page, Rodney L.}, year={2013}, pages={504–531} }
 @inbook{lunn_2012, place={St. Louis, MO}, edition={4th Edition}, title={Fever}, ISBN={9781416061304}, booktitle={Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat}, publisher={Elsevier}, author={Lunn, K.F.}, editor={Greene, C.E.Editor}, year={2012}, pages={1115–1123} }
 @inbook{lunn_johnson_james_2012, title={Fluid Therapy}, ISBN={9781437706604}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4377-0660-4.00005-3}, DOI={10.1016/b978-1-4377-0660-4.00005-3}, booktitle={The Cat}, publisher={Elsevier}, author={Lunn, Katharine F. and Johnson, Anthony S. and James, Katherine M.}, year={2012}, pages={52–89} }
 @article{quimby_smith_lunn_2011, title={Evaluation of the Effects of Hospital Visit Stress on Physiologic Parameters in the Cat}, volume={13}, ISSN={1098-612X 1532-2750}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfms.2011.07.003}, DOI={10.1016/j.jfms.2011.07.003}, abstractNote={Physiologic parameters such as blood pressure, rectal temperature, heart rate, and respiratory rate are an important part of the medical assessment of a patient. However, these factors can potentially be affected by stress. The purpose of this study was to compare physiologic parameter data gathered from cats in the home environment with those gathered in a veterinary hospital. Thirty healthy cats were evaluated both at home and at Colorado State University's Veterinary Medical Center. Doppler systolic blood pressure, temperature, heart rate, and respiratory rate were recorded, and the differences between the values obtained in the home and veterinary clinic environments were evaluated using the Wilcoxon sign rank test. A significant difference was found in blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate between the home and veterinary hospital environments. This information may help practitioners recognize that physiologic abnormalities can sometimes be due to transportation or environmental stress rather than medical illness.}, number={10}, journal={Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Quimby, Jessica M and Smith, Melissa L and Lunn, Katharine F}, year={2011}, month={Oct}, pages={733–737} }
 @article{lunn_2011, title={Raw Food Diets in Dogs: Concerns for Canine and Human Health}, volume={24}, ISSN={1041-7826}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asams.2011.01.001}, DOI={10.1016/j.asams.2011.01.001}, abstractNote={should be aware of the potential health implications of feeding raw diets to pet dogs. In 2010, Leonard and colleagues 1 evaluated pet-related management factors and the risk of carriage of Salmonella spp. in pet dogs in Ontario. They performed enrichment cultures for Salmonella on 5 consecutive daily fecal samples from 138 dogs from 97 households and examined 80 variables relating to health, diet, and other sources of exposure of the dogs. The authors found that 23% of the dogs and 25% of the households had at least 1 fecal sample positive for Salmonella .T he consumption of a commercial or homemade raw diet, a homemade cooked diet, or raw}, number={2}, journal={Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Lunn, Katharine F.}, year={2011}, month={Feb}, pages={1–2} }
 @article{davis_lunn_2011, title={Serum fructosamine in cats receiving an oral chondroprotective agent}, volume={9}, number={1}, journal={International Journal of Applied Research in Veterinary Medicine}, author={Davis, K.T. and Lunn, K.F.}, year={2011}, month={Mar}, pages={52–57} }
 @article{lunn_2011, title={The Kidney in Critically Ill Small Animals}, volume={41}, ISSN={0195-5616}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2011.03.020}, DOI={10.1016/j.cvsm.2011.03.020}, abstractNote={Critically ill animals may have preexisting renal disease or develop acute kidney injury as a consequence of their presenting complaint. Age, concurrent medical therapy, electrolyte and fluid imbalances, and exposure to potential nephrotoxicants are factors that predispose to acute kidney injury. Many risk factors are correctable or manageable, and these should be addressed whenever possible. Measurement of serum creatinine is insensitive for the detection of acute kidney injury, and clinicians should consider assessment of other parameters such as urine output, urinalysis, and urine chemistry results. A stepwise approach for management of acute kidney injury in small animal patients is outlined.}, number={4}, journal={Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Lunn, Katharine F.}, year={2011}, month={Jul}, pages={727–744} }
 @article{quimby_gustafson_lunn_2011, title={The Pharmacokinetics of Mirtazapine in Cats with Chronic Kidney Disease and In Age-Matched Control Cats}, volume={25}, ISSN={0891-6640}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.00780.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.00780.x}, abstractNote={Background:Cats with chronic kidney disease (CKD) often experience inappetence, and may benefit from administration of mirtazapine, an appetite stimulant. The pharmacokinetics of mirtazapine inCKDcats is unknown.Hypothesis:CKDdelays the clearance/bioavailability (CL/F) of mirtazapine.Animals:SixCKDcats and 6 age‐matched controls (AMC) were enrolled. TwoCKDcats each fromInternationalRenalInterestSociety (IRIS) stageII,IIIandIVwere included.Methods:Blood samples were collected before and 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 8, 24, and 48 hours after a singlePOdose of 1.88 mg of mirtazapine. Mirtazapine concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Non‐compartmental pharmacokinetic modeling was performed.Results:Mean age was 11 years (CKDcats) and 10.8 years (AMCcats). Mean serum creatinine concentration ± standard deviation (SD) was 3.8 ± 1.6 mg/dL(CKD) and 1.3 ± 0.4 mg/dL(AMC). Mean half‐life ± SDwas 15.2 ± 4.2 hours (CKD) and 12.1 ± 1.1 hours (AMC). Mean area under the curve (AUC) ± SDwas 770.6 ± 225.5 ng/mL•hr (CKD) and 555.5 ± 175.4 ng/mL•hr (AMC). MeanCL/F ± SDwas 0.6 ± 0.1 L/hr/kg (CKD) and 0.8 ± 0.16 L/hr/kg (AMC). A Mann‐Whitney test indicated statistically significant differences inAUC(P = 0.01) andCL/F(P = 0.04) between groups. Calculated accumulation factor for 48‐hour dosing inCKDcats was 1.15.Conclusion:CKDmay delay theCL/Fof mirtazapine. A single low dose of mirtazapine resulted in a half‐life compatible with a 48‐hour dosing interval inCKDcats.}, number={5}, journal={Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Quimby, J.M. and Gustafson, D.L. and Lunn, K.F.}, year={2011}, month={Aug}, pages={985–989} }
 @article{miller_annis_lappin_lunn_2011, title={Variability in Results of the Microscopic Agglutination Test in Dogs with Clinical Leptospirosis and Dogs Vaccinated against Leptospirosis}, volume={25}, ISSN={0891-6640}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.0704.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.0704.x}, abstractNote={Background:The microscopic agglutination test (MAT) is commonly used for the diagnosis of canine leptospirosis. In dogs it is sometimes suggested that the serogroup with the highest MAT titer is the infecting serogroup; however, this is not true in humans with confirmed leptospirosis. We sought to investigate the value of MAT results in predicting the infecting serogroup by comparing results across several laboratories and within individual dogs over time.Objectives:To examine the variability in MAT results across different laboratories in dogs recently vaccinated against leptospirosis, and in dogs with clinical leptospirosis, and to investigate variability over time in MAT results in individual dogs with leptospirosis.Animals:Eighteen dogs from a research colony, 9 of which had been vaccinated against leptospirosis, and 17 dogs clinically diagnosed with leptospirosis.Methods:Serum samples were submitted to up to 5 veterinary diagnostic laboratories for MAT titers from each dog on at least 1 occasion. MAT results also were followed over time in 6 dogs diagnosed with leptospirosis.Results:MAT results were discordant across different laboratories in dogs recently vaccinated against leptospirosis and in dogs with clinical leptospirosis. MAT results varied over time in individual dogs with the disease.Conclusions and Clinical Importance:The MAT is a valuable test for the diagnosis of leptospirosis in dogs, but it is unlikely that test results can be used to predict the infecting serogroup. Laboratories offering the MAT should consider participation in a proficiency scheme.}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Miller, M.D. and Annis, K.M. and Lappin, M.R. and Lunn, K.F.}, year={2011}, month={Mar}, pages={426–432} }
 @article{sykes_hartmann_lunn_moore_stoddard_goldstein_2010, title={2010 ACVIM Small Animal Consensus Statement on Leptospirosis: Diagnosis, Epidemiology, Treatment, and Prevention}, volume={25}, ISSN={0891-6640}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2010.0654.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1939-1676.2010.0654.x}, abstractNote={This report offers a consensus opinion on the diagnosis, epidemiology, treatment, and prevention of leptospirosis in dogs, an important zoonosis. Clinical signs of leptospirosis in dogs relate to development of renal disease, hepatic disease, uveitis, and pulmonary hemorrhage. Disease may follow periods of high rainfall, and can occur in dogs roaming in proximity to water sources, farm animals, or wildlife, or dogs residing in suburban environments. Diagnosis is based on acute and convalescent phase antibody titers by the microscopic agglutination test (MAT), with or without use of polymerase chain reaction assays. There is considerable interlaboratory variation in MAT results, and the MAT does not accurately predict the infecting serogroup. The recommended treatment for optimal clearance of the organism from renal tubules is doxycycline, 5 mg/kg PO q12h, for 14 days. Annual vaccination can prevent leptospirosis caused by serovars included in the vaccine and is recommended for dogs at risk of infection.}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Sykes, J.E. and Hartmann, K. and Lunn, K.F. and Moore, G.E. and Stoddard, R.A. and Goldstein, R.E.}, year={2010}, month={Dec}, pages={1–13} }
 @article{lenox_lunn_2010, title={Effects of glucosamine–chondroitin sulfate supplementation on serum fructosamine concentration in healthy dogs}, volume={236}, ISSN={0003-1488}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.236.2.183}, DOI={10.2460/javma.236.2.183}, abstractNote={Abstract
Objective—To determine whether short-term administration of an oral glucosamine–chondroitin sulfate (Glu-CS) supplement alters serum fructosamine concentration in healthy dogs.
Design—Prospective crossover study.
Animals—12 healthy adult dogs.
Procedures—Dogs received Glu-CS and a placebo for 3 weeks each, with a 4-week minimum washout period between treatments. Serum fructosamine concentration was measured 4 times for each dog: prior to the first treatment period, at the end of the first treatment period, at the end of the washout period, and at the end of the second treatment period.
Results—No significant change in serum fructosamine concentration was identified after treatment with either Glu-CS or the placebo. The change in serum fructosamine concentration associated with Glu-CS administration was not significantly different from the change in concentration associated with administration of the placebo.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that in healthy dogs, short-term (ie, 21 days) oral Glu-CS administration does not affect glycemic control or cause diabetes mellitus.}, number={2}, journal={Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association}, publisher={American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)}, author={Lenox, Catherine E. and Lunn, Katharine F.}, year={2010}, month={Jan}, pages={183–186} }
 @inbook{lunn_2010, place={Whitehouse Station, NJ}, edition={10th edition}, title={Fever of Unknown Origin}, ISBN={9780911910933}, booktitle={The Merck Veterinary Manual}, publisher={Merck & Co., Inc.}, author={Lunn, K.F.}, editor={Kahn, C.M. and Line, S.Editors}, year={2010}, month={Oct}, pages={924–927} }
 @article{barrell_pecoraro_torres-henderson_morley_lunn_landolt_2010, title={Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Canine H3N8 Influenza Virus Exposure in Household Dogs in Colorado}, volume={24}, ISSN={0891-6640}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2010.0616.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1939-1676.2010.0616.x}, abstractNote={BACKGROUND
Since 2004, canine influenza virus (CIV) has spread throughout the United States. While studies suggest that CIV is commonly detected in shelter dogs, little is known about its prevalence in household dogs.


OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the seroprevalence of CIV in pet dogs presented for care in a veterinary hospital in Colorado and to investigate risk factors that might predispose these dogs to CIV infection.


ANIMALS
One hundred and forty dogs presenting to the Community Practice service, 110 dogs seen at other clinical services at Colorado State University's Veterinary Teaching Hospital in 2009, and samples from 75 dogs seen before 2004.


METHODS
In this prospective study, samples were tested with hemagglutination inhibition assays, using 3 CIV isolates. To identify risk factors for CIV infection, 140 owners completed questionnaires at time of sampling.


RESULTS
CIV seroprevalence was 2.9% (4/140) for dogs seen by the Community Practice service and 4.5% (5/110) for dogs seen by other hospital services (P=.48). All sera collected before 2004 tested negative for CIV. No differences were seen in antibody titers to the 3 CIV isolates tested. Data from the questionnaires indicated an association between CIV seropositivity and canine daycare visits (P<.001).


CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE
CIV seropositivity in household dogs in Colorado is low, although it has increased since 2004. Antibody titers to the 3 CIV isolates were comparable, suggesting that measurable antigenic drift has not yet occurred. Finally, dogs boarded in kennels or attending daycare might be at an increased risk of CIV infection.}, number={6}, journal={Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Barrell, E.A. and Pecoraro, H.L. and Torres-Henderson, C. and Morley, P.S. and Lunn, K.F. and Landolt, G.A.}, year={2010}, month={Oct}, pages={1524–1527} }
 @article{quimby_gustafson_samber_lunn_2011, title={Studies on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of mirtazapine in healthy young cats}, volume={34}, ISSN={0140-7783}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2885.2010.01244.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1365-2885.2010.01244.x}, abstractNote={Quimby, J. M., Gustafson, D. L., Samber, B. J., Lunn, K. F. Studies on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of mirtazapine in healthy young cats. J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap.34, 388–396.Mirtazapine pharmacokinetics was studied in 10 healthy cats. Blood was collected before, and at intervals up to 72 h after, oral dose of 3.75 mg (high dose: HD) or 1.88 mg (low dose: LD) of mirtazapine. Liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry was used to measure mirtazapine, 8‐hydroxymirtazapine and glucuronide metabolite concentrations. Noncompartmental pharmacokinetic modeling was performed. Median half‐life was 15.9 h (HD) and 9.2 h (LD). Using Mann–Whitney analysis, a statistically significant difference between the elimination half‐life, clearance, area under the curve (AUC) per dose, and AUC∞/dose of the groups was found. Mirtazapine does not appear to display linear pharmacokinetics in cats. There was no significant difference in glucuronidated metabolite concentration between groups. Pharmacodynamics was studied in 14 healthy cats administered placebo, LD and HD mirtazapine orally once in a crossover, blinded trial. In comparison with placebo, cats ingested significantly more food when mirtazapine was administered. No difference in food ingestion was seen between HD and LD, but significantly more behavior changes were seen with the HD. Limited serum sampling during the pharmacodynamic study revealed drug exposure comparable with the pharmacokinetic study, but no correlation between exposure and food consumed. Mirtazapine (LD) was administered daily for 6 days with no drug accumulation detected.}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Quimby, J. M. and Gustafson, D. L. and Samber, B. J. and Lunn, K. F.}, year={2011}, month={Aug}, pages={388–396} }
 @article{burr_lunn_yam_2009, title={Current perspectives on canine leptospirosis}, volume={31}, ISSN={0263-841X 2042-7689}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/inpract.31.3.98}, DOI={10.1136/inpract.31.3.98}, abstractNote={LEPTOSPIROSIS has been recognised as a significant disease of dogs throughout the world for almost a century. Leptospira species are important zoonotic pathogens and are increasingly recognised as a cause of human disease. Leptospirosis and its prevention have received considerable attention as part of the vaccination debate in both Europe and North America. However, this debate has been hindered by an incomplete understanding of leptospiral organisms and their epidemiology, and has led to potentially misleading conclusions about the current risks of infection and the need for vaccination. This article reviews the current understanding of leptospirosis in dogs, and outlines the available strategies for diagnosis and prevention.}, number={3}, journal={In Practice}, publisher={BMJ}, author={Burr, P. and Lunn, K. and Yam, P.}, year={2009}, month={Mar}, pages={98–102} }
 @article{campbell_butler_lunn_2009, title={Use of a point-of-care urine drug test in a dog to assist in diagnosing barbiturate toxicosis secondary to ingestion of a euthanized carcass}, volume={19}, ISSN={1479-3261 1476-4431}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-4431.2009.00422.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1476-4431.2009.00422.x}, abstractNote={AbstractObjective
						–
					 To describe a case of barbiturate toxicosis in a dog secondary to ingestion of a previously buried euthanized goat carcass and to discuss the utility of urine drug testing in diagnosing barbiturate toxicosis.Case Summary
						–
					 A 6‐year‐old neutered male Border Collie was presented to a university veterinary teaching hospital for evaluation of ataxia and acute collapse. Past pertinent history included Addison's disease that had been managed for 1 year. A companion dog was seen 12 hours earlier chewing on the partially decomposed head of a goat that had been euthanized 47 days previously and buried on the owner's property. The dog was laterally recumbent, unresponsive to stimuli, and hypothermic on physical examination. Initial blood work revealed hyponatremia and hyperkalemia, with a Na/K ratio of 18.5. The dog was volume resuscitated and received an injection of dexamethasone sodium phosphate due to a suspected Addisonian crisis. Despite this treatment, the dog remained laterally recumbent and unresponsive to stimuli. A urine drug screen was performed and was positive for barbiturates. A diagnosis of barbiturate toxicosis secondary to ingestion of a euthanized goat carcass was made. The dog was treated supportively over 12 hours with IV fluids and activated charcoal. The dog was able to walk 11 hours after presentation and was subsequently discharged from the hospital.New or Unique Information Provided
						–
					 Urine drug testing is a fast, easy, and point‐of‐care test that may be useful in dogs to assist in the diagnosis of barbiturate intoxication. Proper disposal of euthanized animals is necessary to prevent toxicosis and possible death of companion animals and wildlife.}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Campbell, Vicki L. and Butler, Amy L. and Lunn, Katharine F.}, year={2009}, month={Jun}, pages={286–291} }
 @inbook{landolt_lunn_2008, place={Philadelphia, PA}, edition={14th Edition}, title={Canine Influenza}, ISBN={9781437711523 9780721694979}, booktitle={Kirk’s Current Veterinary Therapy}, publisher={Saunders Elsevier}, author={Landolt, G.A. and Lunn, K.F.}, editor={Bonagura, J.D. and Kirk, R.W.Editors}, year={2008}, pages={1291–1294} }
 @inbook{lunn_2008, place={Philadelphia, PA}, edition={14th Edition}, title={Managing the Patient with Polyuria and Polydipsia}, ISBN={9781437711523 9780721694979}, booktitle={Kirk’s Current Veterinary Therapy}, publisher={Saunders Elsevier}, author={Lunn, K.F.}, editor={Bonagura, J.D. and Kirk, R.W.Editors}, year={2008}, pages={844–850} }
 @article{mccord_steyn_lunn_2008, title={Unilateral improvement in glomerular filtration rate after permanent drainage of a perinephric pseudocyst in a cat}, volume={10}, ISSN={1098-612X 1532-2750}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfms.2007.11.002}, DOI={10.1016/j.jfms.2007.11.002}, abstractNote={A 12-year-old, 6 kg, castrated male Siamese-cross cat was referred for investigation of an abdominal mass. The cat was found to have a left perinephric pseudocyst (PNP), accompanied by azotemia, with a small right kidney detected on ultrasound. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was determined by renal scintigraphy and was found to be low, with the left kidney contributing 64% of the total GFR. Percutaneous ultrasound-guided drainage of the PNP did not improve the GFR, and fluid reaccumulated within a short period of time. Laparoscopic fenestration of the cyst capsule was performed to allow for permanent drainage. The PNP did not recur, renal values progressively improved, and 8 months after the capsulotomy the GFR of the left kidney had increased by 50%, while renal function remained static on the right side.}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={McCord, Kelly and Steyn, Philip F. and Lunn, Katharine F.}, year={2008}, month={Jun}, pages={280–283} }
 @article{miller_lunn_2007, title={Diagnostic use of cytologic examination of bone marrow from dogs with thrombocytopenia: 58 cases (1994–2004)}, volume={231}, ISSN={0003-1488}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.231.10.1540}, DOI={10.2460/javma.231.10.1540}, abstractNote={Abstract
Objective—To determine the diagnostic use of cytologic examination of bone marrow from dogs with thrombocytopenia.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—58 dogs with thrombocytopenia.
Procedures—Medical records were searched and reviewed for dogs with thrombocytopenia. Dogs that had thrombocytopenia and cytologic examination of bone marrow were included in the study. Dogs with other hematologic abnormalities, with a previous diagnosis of hematopoietic neoplasia, or that had previous treatment with cytotoxic drugs were excluded. Bone marrow cytologic findings were reviewed. Results were compared between dogs with severe thrombocytopenia (< 20,000 platelets/μL) and dogs with mild to moderate thrombocytopenia (20,000 to 200,000 platelets/μL).
Results—58 dogs met the inclusion criteria. Of 55 dogs with diagnostic bone marrow aspirates, 36 had severe thrombocytopenia. Cytologic evaluation of bone marrow did not reveal substantial nonmegakaryocytic bone marrow abnormalities or result in a definitive diagnosis in any of these dogs. Nineteen dogs with mild to moderate thrombocytopenia had diagnostic bone marrow aspirates. Bone marrow cytologic findings revealed nonmegakaryocytic abnormalities in 4 of these dogs. Significantly fewer dogs with severe thrombocytopenia had abnormalities identified on cytologic examination of bone marrow, compared with dogs with mild to moderate thrombocytopenia.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Cytologic examination of bone marrow is unlikely to provide specific diagnostic or prognostic information in dogs with severe thrombocytopenia.}, number={10}, journal={Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association}, publisher={American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)}, author={Miller, Matthew D. and Lunn, Katharine F.}, year={2007}, month={Nov}, pages={1540–1544} }
 @inbook{lunn_2007, place={Whitehouse Station, NJ}, title={Fever of Unknown Origin}, ISBN={9780911910995}, booktitle={The Merck/Merial Manual for Pet Health}, publisher={Merck & Co.}, author={Lunn, K.F.}, editor={Kahn, C.M. and Line, SEditors}, year={2007} }
 @article{lunn_2007, title={Infectious disease updates}, volume={20}, ISSN={1041-7826}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asams.2007.06.001}, DOI={10.1016/j.asams.2007.06.001}, number={6}, journal={Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Lunn, Katharine F.}, year={2007}, month={Jun}, pages={1–2} }
 @article{james_lunn_2007, title={Normal and abnormal water balance: hyponatremia and hypernatremia}, volume={29}, number={10}, journal={Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practising Veterinarian- North American Edition}, author={James, K.M. and Lunn, K.F.}, year={2007}, pages={589–609} }
 @article{james_lunn_2007, title={Normal and abnormal water balance: polyuria and polydipsia}, volume={29}, number={10}, journal={Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practising Veterinarian- North American Edition}, author={James, KM and Lunn, K.F.}, year={2007}, month={Oct}, pages={612–624} }
 @article{hussey_clark_lunn_breathnach_soboll_whalley_lunn_2006, title={Detection and Quantification of Equine Herpesvirus-1 Viremia and Nasal Shedding by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction}, volume={18}, ISSN={1040-6387 1943-4936}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063870601800403}, DOI={10.1177/104063870601800403}, abstractNote={ Equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) infection is common in young horses throughout the world, resulting in respiratory disease, epidemic abortion, sporadic myelitis, or latent infections. To improve on conventional diagnostic tests for EHV-1, a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was developed, using primers and probes specific for the EHV-1 gB gene. Amplification efficiencies of 100% ± 5% were obtained for DNA isolated from a plasmid, infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and nasal secretions from infected ponies. The dynamic range of the assay was 8 log10 dilutions, and the lower limit of detection was 6 DNA copies. Fifteen ponies, seronegative for EHV-1, were experimentally infected with EHV-1, and nasal samples were used to quantify shedding of virus by both virus isolation and real-time PCR analysis. Virus isolation identified nasal shedding of EHV-1 in 12/15 ponies on a total of 25 days; real-time PCR detected viral shedding in 15/15 ponies on 75 days. Viremia was quantified using PBMC DNA, subsequent to challenge infection in 3 additional ponies. Viremia was identified in 1/3 ponies on a single day by virus isolation; real-time PCR detected viremia in 3/3 ponies on 17 days. When real-time PCR was used to analyze PBMC DNA from 11 latently infected ponies (documented by nested PCR), EHV-1 was not detected. We conclude that real-time PCR is a sensitive and quantitative test for EHV-1 nasal shedding and viremia and provides a valuable tool for EHV-1 surveillance, diagnosis of clinical disease, and investigation of vaccine efficacy. }, number={4}, journal={Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Hussey, Stephen B. and Clark, Rodney and Lunn, Katharine F. and Breathnach, Cormac and Soboll, Gisela and Whalley, J. Millar and Lunn, D. Paul}, year={2006}, month={Jul}, pages={335–342} }
 @inbook{lunn_2006, place={St. Louis, MO}, edition={3rd Edition}, title={Fever}, ISBN={9781416036005}, booktitle={Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat}, publisher={Saunders Elsevier}, author={Lunn, K.F.}, editor={Greene, C.E.Editor}, year={2006}, pages={1028–1037} }
 @inbook{lunn_2005, place={Whitehouse Station, NJ}, edition={9th}, title={Fever of Unknown Origin}, booktitle={The Merck Veterinary Manual}, publisher={Merck & Co., Inc.}, author={Lunn, K.F.}, editor={Kahn, C.M.Editor}, year={2005}, pages={821–824} }
 @article{lunn_2001, title={Fever of unknown origin: a systematic approach to diagnosis}, volume={23}, number={11}, journal={Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practising Veterinarian- North American Edition}, author={Lunn, K.F.}, year={2001}, pages={976–994} }
 @article{lunn_clayton_duncan_1997, volume={26}, ISSN={0300-4864}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1018548400536}, DOI={10.1023/a:1018548400536}, abstractNote={The Sprague Dawley myelin mutant, the taiep rat, demonstrates a defect in CNS myelination which worsens with age and which is associated with abnormal accumulations of microtubules in oligodendrocytes. Quantitative and qualitative electron microscopic studies of myelin development and oligodendrocyte morphology were used to describe the temporal development of the defect in this mutant, in three regions of the CNS. The results indicate that the time of onset of myelination is similar in mutant and control rats, however the amount of myelin formed is reduced in the mutant, compared to controls, and there is a loss of myelin from the taiep CNS as the animals age. Thus the myelination defect in taiep has features of both hypomyelination and demyelination. Oligodendrocyte microtubule abnormalities were noted in each region of the taiep CNS at the time of onset of myelination. The earliest changes seen were close associations of oligodendrocyte microtubules with endoplasmic reticulum, with marked accumulations of microtubules filling the cytoplasm of oligodendrocytes from older taiep rats. These findings suggest that the microtubule abnormality in the taiep mutant inhibits both the initial formation and the long-term maintenance of myelin by the oligodendrocyte. In addition, there is also evidence to suggest that although the microtubule abnormality is present in oligodendrocytes throughout the taiep CNS, it results in a more marked defect in the myelination of axons of small diameter.}, number={5}, journal={Journal of Neurocytology}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Lunn, K. F and Clayton, M. K and Duncan, I. D}, year={1997}, pages={267–281} }
 @article{lunn_baas_duncan_1997, title={Microtubule Organization and Stability in the Oligodendrocyte}, volume={17}, ISSN={0270-6474 1529-2401}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.17-13-04921.1997}, DOI={10.1523/jneurosci.17-13-04921.1997}, abstractNote={The oligodendrocyte is the glial cell responsible for the formation and maintenance of CNS myelin. Because the development of neuronal morphology is known to depend on the presence of highly organized microtubule arrays, it may be hypothesized that the properties of microtubules influence the form and function of oligodendrocytes. The goals of the present study were to define the physical attributes of microtubules in oligodendrocytes maintainedin vitro. The results of electron and confocal microscopy indicate that microtubules are present throughout the cell bodies and large and small processes of oligodendrocytes and are rarely associated with discrete microtubule-organizing centers. A modified “hooking” protocol demonstrated that the polarity orientation of microtubules is uniformly plus-end distal in small oligodendrocyte processes, compared with a nonuniform, predominantly plus-end distal orientation in large processes. Oligodendrocytes were exposed to the microtubule-depolymerizing drug nocodazole to examine microtubule stability in these cells. The results suggest that oligodendrocyte microtubules can be resolved into at least three distinct microtubule populations that differ in their kinetics of depolymerization in the presence of nocodazole. These findings suggest that the properties of the oligodendrocyte microtubule array reflect the functions of the different regions of this highly specialized cell.}, number={13}, journal={The Journal of Neuroscience}, publisher={Society for Neuroscience}, author={Lunn, Katharine F. and Baas, Peter W. and Duncan, Ian D.}, year={1997}, month={Jul}, pages={4921–4932} }
 @article{lunn_fanarraga_duncan_1995, title={Myelin mutants: New models and new observations}, volume={32}, ISSN={1059-910X 1097-0029}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070320303}, DOI={10.1002/jemt.1070320303}, abstractNote={AbstractThe myelin mutants have been extensively used as tools to study the complex process of myelination in the central and peripheral nervous system. A multidisciplinary approach to the study of these models ultimately allows a correlation to be made between phenotype and genotype. This correlation may then lead to the formation of new hypotheses about the functions of the products of genes involved in myelination. This review presents a number of new myelin mutants which have recently been described. The species involved include mouse, rat, rabbit, hamster, and dog models. The genetic defect has not been elucidated in all of these animals, but most have been characterized clinically and pathologically, and, in some cases, biochemically. In addition, a better known myelin mutant, the trembler mouse, is discussed. Recent molecular findings have brought this fascinating mutant to the forefront of the field of peripheral nervous system research. The range of abnormalities in the mutants described in this review includes defects in specific myelin proteins, suspected abnormalities in membrane formation, and apparent defects of the oligodendrocyte cytoskeleton. These findings underscore the complexity of the myelination process and highlight the numerous ways in which it can be disrupted. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.}, number={3}, journal={Microscopy Research and Technique}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Lunn, Katharine F. and Fanarraga, Monica L. and Duncan, Ian D.}, year={1995}, month={Oct}, pages={183–203} }
 @article{duncan_nadon_hoffman_lunn_csiza_wells_1995, title={Oligodendrocyte survival and function in the long-lived strain of the myelin deficient rat}, volume={24}, ISSN={0300-4864 1573-7381}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01191211}, DOI={10.1007/bf01191211}, abstractNote={This study has examined cellular and molecular aspects of glial cell function in a newly described long-lived myelin deficient rat mutant. In contrast to the shorter-lived mutants which died at 25-30 days, the longer-lived mutant rats lived to 75-80 days of age. Despite living longer, these mutants had a similar frequency of seizures to their younger counterparts. In the spinal cord and optic nerves of the older mutants, myelinated fibres in similar numbers to those seen in the younger myelin deficient rats were present. However, the total glial cell numbers were markedly reduced with few remaining normal appearing oligodendrocytes, and very few microglia compared to the younger mutants. In addition, little or no cell death or division was seen in the longer-lived rats. However, there was some evidence of ongoing myelination and the persistence of immature oligodendrocytes or their progenitors in the older mutant. There was some continued myelin gene expression, although this was at much reduced levels compared to normal, with proteolipid protein and myelin basic protein being most affected. In situ hybridization analysis for proteolipid protein mRNA showed that few proteolipid protein expressing oligodendrocytes remained in the 70-80-day-old mutant. Polymerase chain reaction analysis of exon 3 of the long-lived mutant revealed the same point mutation as described in the younger myelin deficient rat.}, number={10}, journal={Journal of Neurocytology}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Duncan, I. D. and Nadon, N. L. and Hoffman, R. L. and Lunn, K. F. and Csiza, C. and Wells, M. R.}, year={1995}, month={Oct}, pages={745–762} }
 @article{dunn_bostock_herrtage_jackson_walker_1993, title={Insulin-secreting tumours of the canine pancreas: Clinical and pathological features of 11 cases}, volume={34}, ISSN={0022-4510 1748-5827}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5827.1993.tb02704.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1748-5827.1993.tb02704.x}, abstractNote={ABSTRACTThis paper describes the clinical and pathological features of 11 dogs with insulin‐secreting tumours of the pancreas. All the dogs showed episodic weakness or collapse. The diagnosis was made on fasting plasma glucose and serum insulin concentrations, the insulimglucose ratio, and the results of an intravenous glucose tolerance test. Ten of the dogs had exploratory laparotomy, and partial pancreatectomy was performed in nine of the cases. One case was euthanased at surgery because of widespread metastases. The tumours were graded histologically and the results compared with the time to recurrence of clinical signs and postoperative survival time. Postoperative survival time for dogs which died or were euthanased as a direct result of tumour recurrence, and time to recurrence of clinical signs were calculated from actuarial survival curves. The median time to recurrence of clinical signs after surgery was 12 months (range from four to 16 months; mean time to recurrence of clinical signs 12 months). Two cases died of unrelated disease, without recurrence of hypoglycaemic signs. The median postoperative survival time was 14 months (range 10 to 33 months; mean survival time 15 months). There is a suggestion that tumours with a high mitotic count carried a worse prognosis.}, number={7}, journal={Journal of Small Animal Practice}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Dunn, J. K. and Bostock, D. E. and Herrtage, M. E. and Jackson, K. F. and Walker, M. J.}, year={1993}, month={Jul}, pages={325–331} }
 @article{dunn_heath_herrtage_jackson_walker_1992, title={Diagnosis of insulinoma in the dog: A study of 11 cases}, volume={33}, ISSN={0022-4510 1748-5827}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5827.1992.tb01041.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1748-5827.1992.tb01041.x}, abstractNote={ABSTRACTThe use of an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) is described in 11 confirmed cases of insulinoma. Basal plasma glucose and serum insulin concentrations, glucose half‐life (t.J and fractional clearance rate (k‐value) were determined in the affected animals and seven healthy dogs. A fasting plasma glucose concentration of 3 mmol/litre or less with a coexisting serum insulin concentration greater than 20 mU/litre, and an insulin:glucose ratio (IGR) greater than 4‐2 U/mol were considered to be diagnostic for insulinoma. Although there was a narrow area of overlap in the U2and k‐values between normal and affected animals, a t.,2of less than 20 minutes with a k‐value of more than 3 per cent/minute were also highly suggestive of insulinoma. The insulinogenic index (δI/δG) was too variable to be of diagnostic significance. Contrary to previous reports, it appears that insulin‐secreting tumours retain a degree of responsiveness to a glucose challenge and that the IVGTT, using a dose of 0–5 g glucose/kg bodyweight, is a useful diagnostic procedure in dogs with insulinoma.}, number={11}, journal={Journal of Small Animal Practice}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Dunn, J. K. and Heath, M. F. and Herrtage, M. E. and Jackson, K. F. and Walker, M. J.}, year={1992}, month={Nov}, pages={514–520} }
 @article{duncan_lunn_holmgren_urba-holmgren_brignolo-holmes_1992, title={The taiep rat: A myelin mutant with an associated oligodendrocyte microtubular defect}, volume={21}, ISSN={0300-4864 1573-7381}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01191684}, DOI={10.1007/bf01191684}, abstractNote={This report describes a new inherited disorder of myelination in the rat, named taiep, in which failure of normal myelination of the CNS and subsequent demyelination result in a progressive neurological disturbance. At two months of age, myelin is present throughout the spinal cord, but is immature in the fasciculus gracilis and corticospinal tracts despite the presence of abundant oligodendrocytes. By 12 months, myelin has largely been lost in these spinal cord tracts and also in more rostral parts of the CNS, such as the cerebellum and optic nerves. Other funiculi of the spinal cord show a more diffuse lack of myelin. Oligodendrocytes develop a unique cellular abnormality, most obviously in older rats, which is characterized by the accumulation of microtubules throughout their cytoplasm. As the mutant rats age, there is a continued protracted breakdown of myelin throughout the CNS, with evidence suggesting either persistent hypomyelination or attempts at remyelination of affected axons. It is proposed that the microtubular defect in oligodendrocytes results in a disruption of the normal myelination process in certain areas of the CNS of this mutant, and eventually leads to failure of maintenance of the myelin sheath.}, number={12}, journal={Journal of Neurocytology}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Duncan, I. D. and Lunn, K. F. and Holmgren, B. and Urba-Holmgren, R. and Brignolo-Holmes, L.}, year={1992}, month={Dec}, pages={870–884} }
 @article{elliott_dobson_dunn_herrtage_jackson_1991, title={Hypercalcaemia in the dog: a study of 40 cases}, volume={32}, ISSN={0022-4510 1748-5827}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5827.1991.tb00887.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1748-5827.1991.tb00887.x}, abstractNote={ABSTRACTForty dogs referred to the University Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Cambridge for medical and oncological conditions between 1985 and 1990 were found to be hypercalcaemia In 18 cases the primary or underlying condition was diagnosed as lymphoproliferative disease with multicentric lymphoma occurring most commonly. Ten dogs were suffering from hypoadrenocorticism (Addison's disease) and two had adenocarcinomas of the apocrine glands of the anal sac. In three dogs a clinical diagnosis of renal dysplasia was made, this diagnosis being confirmed at post mortem examination in one dog. In the remaining cases hypercalcaemia was associated with a primary lung tumour, a thymoma, an osteosarcoma with widespread skeletal metastases, primary hyperparathyroidism due to a parathyroid adenoma, chronic panniculitis, iatrogenic hypoadrenocorticism following mito‐tane therapy (one case each] and, in a further case, no diagnosis was reached. The most common clinical signs were inappetence, polyuria/ polydipsia, weakness, vomiting, lethargy and depression. As a group, the dogs with lymphoproliferative disease had a significantly higher mean plasma calcium concentration (4‐3 ± 0–7 vs 3–5 ± 0–4 mmol/litre), a significantly lower mean plasma inorganic phosphate concentration (1–5 ± 0–5 vs 2–4 ± 09 mmol/litre) and were significantly older (5‐5 ± 2–4 vs 3‐3 + 1–8 years) than the dogs with hypoadrenocorticism.}, number={11}, journal={Journal of Small Animal Practice}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Elliott, J. and Dobson, J. M. and Dunn, J. K. and Herrtage, M. E. and Jackson, K. F.}, year={1991}, month={Nov}, pages={564–571} }
 @article{duncan_amundson_cuddon_sufit_jackson_lindsay_1991, title={Preferential denervation of the adductor muscles of the equine larynx I: muscle pathology}, volume={23}, ISSN={0425-1644 2042-3306}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1991.tb02728.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.2042-3306.1991.tb02728.x}, abstractNote={SummaryThe laryngeal muscles of 18 horses were examined histologically. The neurogenic changes found in each muscle were scored by four reviewers and the results evaluated statistically. Fifteen of these horses had endoscopic evidence of abnormal laryngeal function, three of which were defined as having adductor paralysis. Measurement of muscle fibre area in two horses with idiopathic laryngeal hemiplegia (ILH) was performed. In the quantitative study of neurogenic change, the adductor muscles were more significantly affected than the abductor muscle. This was also true in the clinical cases of ILH where measurement of muscle Fibre area demonstrated that the lateral cricoarytenoid (adductor) muscle showed a wider range of pathological changes than the dorsal cricoarytenoid muscle (abductor). Those horses with the most severe muscle pathology also had the most abnormal endoscopic findings. The propensity for denervation of the adductor muscles should provide clues as to the pathogenesis and natural history of horses with sub‐clinical laryngeal disease and ILH.}, number={2}, journal={Equine Veterinary Journal}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Duncan, I. D. and Amundson, J. and Cuddon, P. A. and Sufit, R. and Jackson, K. F. and Lindsay, W. A.}, year={1991}, month={Mar}, pages={94–98} }
 @article{duncan_reifenrath_jackson_clayton_1991, title={Preferential denervation of the adductor muscles of the equine larynx II: Nerve pathology}, volume={23}, ISSN={0425-1644 2042-3306}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1991.tb02729.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.2042-3306.1991.tb02729.x}, abstractNote={SummaryThe terminal branches of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) of three normal ponies and six horses with sub‐clinical laryngeal disease were examined qualitatively and quantitatively in an attempt to explain the preferential denervation of the laryngeal adductor muscles in the neuropathy of idiopathic laryngeal hemiplegia (ILH). The myelinated fibre spectra of all the motor nerve fibres in the left and right abductor and adductor branches of the RLN in three normal ponies were measured. The density of myelinated fibres was also calculated. There was no significant difference between the larger group of myelinated fibres in the adductor or abductor branches. In the six horses with laryngeal hemiparesis, however, there was a marked preferential loss of the medium/large size myelinated fibres in the left adductor branch, although nerve fibre densities were not significantly different. While no simple morphometrical feature was found to explain the selective muscle denervation, the greater loss of large diameter myelinated fibres in the adductor branches confirms the earlier observation of adductor muscle susceptibility in the neuropathy of ILH.}, number={2}, journal={Equine Veterinary Journal}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Duncan, I. D. and Reifenrath, P. and Jackson, K. F. and Clayton, M.}, year={1991}, month={Mar}, pages={99–103} }
 @inbook{jackson_duncan_1989, place={Philadelphia, PA}, edition={10th edition}, title={Hypomyelination in Dogs}, ISBN={978-0721628585}, booktitle={Current Veterinary Therapy}, publisher={W B Saunders Co}, author={Jackson, K.F. and Duncan, I.D.}, editor={Kirk, R.W.Editor}, year={1989}, month={Apr}, pages={834–838} }
 @article{jackson_hammang_worth_duncan_1989, title={Hypomyelination in the neonatal rat central and peripheral nervous systems following tellurium intoxication}, volume={78}, ISSN={0001-6322 1432-0533}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00687760}, DOI={10.1007/bf00687760}, abstractNote={Neonatal rats were exposed to Tellurium (Te), via the mother's milk, from the day of birth until sacrifice at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of age. Light and electron microscopy revealed Schwann cell and myelin degeneration in the sciatic nerves at each age studied. These changes were similar to those described in weanling rats as a result of Te intoxication. In the CNS, hypomyelination of the optic nerves was convincingly demonstrated at 14, 21, and 28 days of age, accompanied by some evidence of myelin degeneration. These changes were also seen in the ventral columns of the cervical spinal cords, although less markedly, and were confirmed by quantitative methods. There was little evidence of oligodendrocyte pathology in the CNS, and it appears that degeneration of these cells is not the primary cause of the CNS hypomyelination, in contrast to the PNS where Schwann cell degeneration has been shown to precede the myelin pathology.}, number={3}, journal={Acta Neuropathologica}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Jackson, K. F. and Hammang, J. P. and Worth, S. F. and Duncan, I. D.}, year={1989}, pages={301–309} }
 @article{jackson_duncan_1988, title={Cell kinetics and cell death in the optic nerve of the myelin deficient rat}, volume={17}, ISSN={0300-4864 1573-7381}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01260993}, DOI={10.1007/bf01260993}, abstractNote={The optic nerves of myelin deficient (md) and normal rats were studied by light microscopic thymidine autoradiography and electron microscopy during the first postnatal month. Mean total glial cell counts were similar at most ages in the md and normal optic nerves, but were significantly increased in the md nerves at 18 days of age, and significantly reduced at 30 days, compared to the controls. Labelling indices in the md optic nerves were significantly higher than control values at 16-25 days. Oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, microgliacytes and unclassified cells were labelled in both normal and md rats. The mutants showed higher percentages of labelled astroglia and microglia, and the labelled oligodendroglia appeared immature when compared to the normal animals. Md optic nerves showed significantly higher counts of necrotic cells than controls at 14-30 days. Electron microscopy revealed the presence of abnormal oligodendrocytes, characterized by distended rough endoplasmic reticulum and a dilated perinuclear envelope, from 6 days of age in the mutant. These cells appear to degenerate and die. These results suggest a defect in the md rat oligodendrocyte, resulting in a protracted uptake of thymidine and increased cell death. Investigation of the link between these observations and the proposed myelin proteolipid protein defect in the md rat may reveal more about the role of myelin proteins in the CNS, and the specific cellular defect(s) in this mutant.}, number={5}, journal={Journal of Neurocytology}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Jackson, K. F. and Duncan, I. D.}, year={1988}, month={Oct}, pages={657–670} }
 @article{duncan_hammang_jackson_wood_bunge_langford_1988, title={Transplantation of oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells into the spinal cord of the myelin-deficient rat}, volume={17}, ISSN={0300-4864 1573-7381}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01187857}, DOI={10.1007/bf01187857}, abstractNote={Transplantation of oligodendrocytes or Schwann cells into the spinal cord of the newborn myelin-deficient (md) rat, an X-linked myelin mutant, was carried out and the extent of myelination of CNS axons studied. Dissociated glial cell suspensions, prepared from the spinal cords of female litter-mates, were injected into the lumbar spinal cord of 15 md rats and 5 normal litter-mates. In eight of the md rats examined 12 to 21 days post-transplantation patches of myelin produced by the transplanted oligodendrocytes were found in the dorsal or ventral columns. In two rats, small patches of myelination were found in more than one site. The myelin in these patches was positive on immunocytochemical staining for proteolipid protein. These observations were interpreted as evidence of the origin of this myelin from donor oligodendrocytes, as the md rat has an abnormality in synthesis of this protein. In addition, this myelin differed in its ultrastructure from host myelin, having a normal intraperiod line. Injection of cultured Schwann cells also resulted in extensive myelination of axons in the dorsal columns by these cells.}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Neurocytology}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Duncan, I. D. and Hammang, J. P. and Jackson, K. F. and Wood, P. M. and Bunge, R. P. and Langford, L.}, year={1988}, month={Jun}, pages={351–360} }
 @article{duncan_hammang_jackson_1987, title={Myelin mosaicism in female heterozygotes of the canine shaking pup and myelin-deficient rat mutants}, volume={402}, ISSN={0006-8993}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(87)91062-6}, DOI={10.1016/0006-8993(87)91062-6}, abstractNote={Female heterozygotes of the shaking pup and myelin-deficient rat sex-linked recessive traits, show myelin mosaicism of the optic nerve and spinal cord. This is most marked in the optic nerve especially in the rat where mosaic patches persist with aging. In both the rat and dog, abnormal oligodendrocytes with distended rough endoplasmic reticulum are found in the abnormal patches and are a marker of the trait. Female heterozygote dogs can develop a marked tremor which disappears with age.}, number={1}, journal={Brain Research}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Duncan, I.D. and Hammang, J.P. and Jackson, K.F.}, year={1987}, month={Jan}, pages={168–172} }