@article{schuchard_pawar_anderson_pourdeyhimi_shirwaiker_2022, title={Multiphase CFD Modeling and Experimental Validation of Polymer and Attenuating Air Jet Interactions in Nonwoven Annular Melt Blowing}, volume={61}, ISSN={["0888-5885"]}, DOI={10.1021/acs.iecr.2c01710}, abstractNote={In annular melt blowing, fiber formation is achieved by accelerating a molten polymer via drag forces imparted by high velocity air that attenuates the polymer jet diameter. The interactions at the polymer-air interface, which govern the motion of the jets and impact the resulting fiber characteristics, are important but not well understood yet. This work details the development and validation of a multiphase computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model to investigate these interactions and the effects of three key melt blowing process parameters (polymer viscosity and throughput, and air velocity) on two critical fiber attributes - whipping instability and fiber diameter. Simulation results highlighted that whipping instability was driven by the polymer-air velocity differential, and the fiber diameter was primarily modulated by polymer throughput and air velocity. The CFD model was validated by modulating the polymer and air throughputs and analyzing the fiber diameter experimentally. Empirical results showed good agreement between fabricated and model-estimated fiber diameters, especially at lower air velocities. An additional CFD simulation performed using a melt blowing nozzle geometry and process parameters described in literature also confirmed good correlation between model estimates and literature empirical data.}, number={37}, journal={INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH}, author={Schuchard, Karl G. and Pawar, Advay and Anderson, Bruce and Pourdeyhimi, Behnam and Shirwaiker, Rohan A.}, year={2022}, month={Sep}, pages={13962–13971} }
 @article{schuchard_joijode_willard_anderson_grondin_pourdeyhimi_shirwaiker_2021, title={Fabrication of drug-loaded ultrafine polymer fibers via solution blowing and their drug release kinetics}, volume={53}, ISSN={["2351-9789"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.promfg.2021.06.017}, abstractNote={Biocompatible polymer fibers have garnered significant interest due to their unique properties. Applications range from absorbent media to tissue engineering and drug delivery products. Many manufacturing processes produce such fibers, but a gap exists in highly scalable processes for fibers loaded with thermolabile additives like pharmaceuticals. This study investigates preliminary process-structure-function relationships of solution blown poly(ethylene oxide) fibers loaded with doxycycline, a drug that has demonstrated antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumoral properties. After parameter screening, a factorial experiment mapped the solution blowing design space with a multi-nozzle apparatus. A 1 mm-thick mat was fabricated comprising doxycycline loaded polymer fibers with a mean diameter of 552 ± 200 nm. Study of release kinetics showed the doxycycline released with a significant burst effect over approximately 1 minute. This study highlights solution blowing as a scalable manufacturing platform for fabricating poly(ethylene oxide) fibers loaded with this impactful drug.}, journal={49TH SME NORTH AMERICAN MANUFACTURING RESEARCH CONFERENCE (NAMRC 49, 2021)}, author={Schuchard, Karl and Joijode, Abhay and Willard, Vincent P. and Anderson, Bruce and Grondin, Pierre and Pourdeyhimi, Behnam and Shirwaiker, Rohan}, year={2021}, pages={128–135} }
 @misc{chansoria_schuchard_shirwaiker_2021, title={Process hybridization schemes for multiscale engineered tissue biofabrication}, volume={13}, ISSN={["1939-0041"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wnan.1673}, DOI={10.1002/wnan.1673}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={2}, journal={WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Chansoria, Parth and Schuchard, Karl and Shirwaiker, Rohan A.}, year={2021}, month={Mar} }
 @article{nordberg_huebner_schuchard_mellor_shirwaiker_loboa_spang_2021, title={The evaluation of a multiphasic 3D-bioplotted scaffold seeded with adipose derived stem cells to repair osteochondral defects in a porcine model}, volume={6}, ISSN={["1552-4981"]}, DOI={10.1002/jbm.b.34886}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART B-APPLIED BIOMATERIALS}, author={Nordberg, Rachel C. and Huebner, Pedro and Schuchard, Karl G. and Mellor, Liliana F. and Shirwaiker, Rohan A. and Loboa, Elizabeth G. and Spang, Jeffery T.}, year={2021}, month={Jun} }
 @article{shirwaiker_fisher_anderson_schuchard_warren_maze_grondin_ligler_pourdeyhimi_2020, title={High-Throughput Manufacture of 3D Fiber Scaffolds for Regenerative Medicine}, volume={26}, ISSN={["1937-3392"]}, DOI={10.1089/ten.tec.2020.0098}, abstractNote={Engineered scaffolds used to regenerate mammalian tissues should recapitulate the underlying fibrous architecture of native tissue to achieve comparable function. Current fibrous scaffold fabrication processes, such as electrospinning and three-dimensional (3D) printing, possess application-specific advantages, but they are limited either by achievable fiber sizes and pore resolution, processing efficiency, or architectural control in three dimensions. As such, a gap exists in efficiently producing clinically relevant, anatomically sized scaffolds comprising fibers in the 1–100 μm range that are highly organized. This study introduces a new high-throughput, additive fibrous scaffold fabrication process, designated in this study as 3D melt blowing (3DMB). The 3DMB system described in this study is modified from larger nonwovens manufacturing machinery to accommodate the lower volume, high-cost polymers used for tissue engineering and implantable biomedical devices and has a fiber collection component that uses adaptable robotics to create scaffolds with predetermined geometries. The fundamental process principles, system design, and key parameters are described, and two examples of the capabilities to create scaffolds for biomedical engineering applications are demonstrated. Impact statement Three-dimensional melt blowing (3DMB) is a new, high-throughput, additive manufacturing process to produce scaffolds composed of highly organized fibers in the anatomically relevant 1–100 μm range. Unlike conventional melt-blowing systems, the 3DMB process is configured for efficient use with the relatively expensive polymers necessary for biomedical applications, decreasing the required amounts of material for processing while achieving high throughputs compared with 3D printing or electrospinning. The 3DMB is demonstrated to make scaffolds composed of multiple fiber materials and organized into complex shapes, including those typical of human body parts.}, number={7}, journal={TISSUE ENGINEERING PART C-METHODS}, author={Shirwaiker, Rohan A. and Fisher, Matthew B. and Anderson, Bruce and Schuchard, Karl G. and Warren, Paul B. and Maze, Benoit and Grondin, Pierre and Ligler, Frances S. and Pourdeyhimi, Behnam}, year={2020}, month={Jul}, pages={364–374} }