@book{koch_potter_2024, title={Indicator 3.1}, url={https://doi.org/10.2737/FS-1217-Indicator-3.15}, DOI={10.2737/FS-1217-Indicator-3.15}, author={Koch, Frank R. and Potter, Kevin M.}, year={2024} }
 @article{potter_oswalt_guldin_2024, title={Range-Wide Assessment of Recent Longleaf Pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) Area and Regeneration Trends}, url={https://doi.org/10.3390/f15071255}, DOI={10.3390/f15071255}, abstractNote={Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) is a conifer historically associated with an open forest ecosystem that extended across much of the coastal plain of the Southeastern United States. It now exists mainly in isolated fragments following the conversion of forests and the long-term disruption of the low-intensity fire regime upon which the species depends. Recent decades have seen efforts to restore longleaf pine forests by government and private landowners. This was reflected in analyses of national forest inventory data during two time periods, ca. 2009–2015 and 2016–2021, that showed increases in the estimated number of longleaf pine trees, the area of the longleaf pine forest type, and the number and area of planted longleaf pine, along with growth in mean plot-level longleaf pine carbon and importance value. At the same time, we found a decrease in the overall forest area containing longleaf pine, manifested across a variety of other forest types. These results point to a dynamic through which forests dominated by longleaf pine are becoming more widespread via restoration, while forests in which the species is a less important component are transitioning to other forest types or land uses. We also detected a decrease over time in the estimated number of longleaf seedlings across most states and forest types and a decline in naturally regenerated longleaf pine. To further assess regeneration trends in longleaf pine, we calculated the estimated proportion of small trees (seedlings and saplings) for the entire species and for seed zone sub-populations. We found a species-wide decrease in the proportion of small trees, from 82.1 percent to 75.1 percent. This reduction was most pronounced along the edges of the species distribution and could indicate less sustainable levels of regeneration in some areas. These results underscore the challenges of facilitating natural regeneration in this important species.}, journal={Forests}, author={Potter, Kevin M. and Oswalt, Christopher M. and Guldin, James M.}, year={2024}, month={Jul} }
 @book{potter_2023, title={Broad-scale patterns of forest fire occurrence across the United States and the Caribbean territories, 2021}, url={https://doi.org/10.2737/SRS-GTR-273-Chap3}, DOI={10.2737/SRS-GTR-273-Chap3}, author={Potter, Kevin M.}, year={2023}, month={Oct} }
 @book{potter_paschke_2023, title={Broad-scale patterns of insect and disease activity across the United States from the National Insect and Disease Survey, 2021}, url={https://doi.org/10.2737/SRS-GTR-273-Chap2}, DOI={10.2737/SRS-GTR-273-Chap2}, author={Potter, Kevin M. and Paschke, Jeanine L.}, year={2023}, month={Oct} }
 @article{asaro_koch_potter_2023, title={Denser forests across the USA experience more damage from insects and pathogens}, volume={13}, ISSN={["2045-2322"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-30675-z}, DOI={10.1038/s41598-023-30675-z}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={SCIENTIFIC REPORTS}, author={Asaro, Christopher and Koch, Frank H. and Potter, Kevin M.}, year={2023}, month={Mar} }
 @article{potter_giardina_hughes_cordell_kuegler_koch_yuen_2023, title={How invaded are Hawaiian forests? Non-native understory tree dominance signals potential canopy replacement}, volume={4}, ISSN={["1572-9761"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-023-01662-6}, DOI={10.1007/s10980-023-01662-6}, journal={LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY}, author={Potter, Kevin M. and Giardina, Christian and Hughes, R. Flint and Cordell, Susan and Kuegler, Olaf and Koch, Amy and Yuen, Emma}, year={2023}, month={Apr} }
 @article{guo_potter_ren_zhang_2023, title={Impacts of Exotic Pests on Forest Ecosystems: An Update}, url={https://doi.org/10.3390/f14030605}, DOI={10.3390/f14030605}, abstractNote={Pests (e.g., insects, pathogens) affect forest communities through complex interactions with plants, other animals, and the environment. While the effects of exotic (non-native) pests on trees received broad attention and were extensively studied, fewer studies addressed the ecosystem-level consequences of these effects. Related studies so far mostly only targeted a very few dominant pests (e.g., hemlock woolly adelgid—HWA, beech bark disease—BBD, and spongy moth—SM) and were limited to aspects of the complex situation such as (1) pests’ direct physical disturbance to forest ecosystems, (2) altered geochemical elements of soils, water, and air (e.g., excretion), and (3) feedback effects from the alteration of ecosystems on plants, native insects, and present and future pest invasions. New studies also show that, in general, planted forests appear to be more prone to exotic pest invasions and thus suffer greater impacts than natural forests. Integrated studies are critically needed in the future to address (1) direct/indirect interactions of pests with ecosystem elements, (2) both short- and long-term effects, and (3) feedback effects. We discuss the implications of the new findings and corresponding management strategies.}, journal={Forests}, author={Guo, Qinfeng and Potter, Kevin M. and Ren, Hai and Zhang, Peixia}, year={2023}, month={Mar} }
 @book{potter_2023, title={Introduction}, url={https://doi.org/10.2737/SRS-GTR-273-Chap1}, DOI={10.2737/SRS-GTR-273-Chap1}, author={Potter, Kevin M.}, year={2023}, month={Oct} }
 @article{crockett_atkins_guo_sun_potter_ollinger_silva_tang_woodall_holgerson_et al._2023, title={Structural and species diversity explain aboveground carbon storage in forests across the United States: Evidence from GEDI and forest inventory data}, volume={295}, ISSN={["1879-0704"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.rse.2023.113703}, abstractNote={Since biodiversity often increases ecosystem functioning, changes in tree species diversity could substantially influence terrestrial carbon cycling. Yet much less is known about the relationships between forest structural diversity (i.e., the number and physical arrangement of vegetation elements in a forest) and carbon cycling, and the factors that mediate these relationships. We capitalize on spaceborne lidar data from NASA's Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) and on-the-ground forest inventory and analysis (FIA) data from 1796 plots across the contiguous United States to assess relationships among the structural and species diversity of live trees and aboveground carbon storage. We found that carbon storage was more strongly correlated with structural diversity than with species diversity, for both forest inventory-based metrics of structural diversity (e.g., height and DBH diversity) and GEDI-based canopy metrics (i.e., foliage height diversity (FHD)). However, the strength of diversity‑carbon storage relationships was mediated by forest origin and forest types. For both plot-based and GEDI-based metrics, the relationship between structural diversity (i.e., height diversity, DBH diversity, and FHD) and carbon storage was positive in natural forests for all forest types (broadleaf, mixed, conifer). For planted forests, structural diversity showed positive relationships in planted conifer forests but not in planted mixed forests. Species diversity did not show strong associations with carbon storage in natural forests but showed a positive relationship in mixed coniferous-broadleaf planted forests. Although plot-based structural diversity metrics refine our understanding of drivers of forest carbon balances at the plot scale, remotely sensed metrics such as those from GEDI can help extend that understanding to regional/national scales in a spatially continuous manner. Carbon storage showed stronger associations with plot-based structural diversity than with stand age, soil variables, or climate variables. Incorporating structural diversity into management and restoration strategies could help guide efforts to increase carbon storage and mitigate climate change as nature-based solutions.}, journal={REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT}, author={Crockett, Erin T. H. and Atkins, Jeff W. and Guo, Qinfeng and Sun, Ge and Potter, Kevin M. and Ollinger, Scott and Silva, Carlos A. and Tang, Hao and Woodall, Christopher W. and Holgerson, Justin and et al.}, year={2023}, month={Sep} }
 @article{larue_knott_domke_chen_guo_hisano_oswalt_oswalt_kong_potter_et al._2023, title={Structural diversity as a reliable and novel predictor for ecosystem productivity}, volume={21}, ISSN={["1540-9309"]}, DOI={10.1002/fee.2586}, abstractNote={The physical structure of vegetation is thought to be closely related to ecosystem function, but little is known of its pertinence across geographic regions. Here, we used data from over three million trees in continental North America to evaluate structural diversity – the volumetric capacity and physical arrangement of biotic components in ecosystems – as a predictor of productivity. We show that structural diversity is a robust predictor of forest productivity and consistently outperforms the traditional measure – species diversity – across climate conditions in North America. Moreover, structural diversity appears to be a better surrogate of niche occupancy because it captures variation in size that can be used to measure realized niche space. Structural diversity offers an easily measured metric to direct restoration and management decision making to maximize ecosystem productivity and carbon sequestration.}, number={1}, journal={FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT}, author={LaRue, Elizabeth A. and Knott, Jonathan A. and Domke, Grant M. and Chen, Han Y. H. and Guo, Qinfeng and Hisano, Masumi and Oswalt, Christopher and Oswalt, Sonja and Kong, Nicole and Potter, Kevin M. and et al.}, year={2023}, month={Feb}, pages={33–39} }
 @article{potter_riitters_2022, title={A National Multi-Scale Assessment of Regeneration Deficit as an Indicator of Potential Risk of Forest Genetic Variation Loss}, volume={13}, ISSN={["1999-4907"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.3390/f13010019}, DOI={10.3390/f13010019}, abstractNote={Genetic diversity is essential because it provides a basis for adaptation and resilience to environmental stress and change. The fundamental importance of genetic variation is recognized by its inclusion in the Montréal Process sustainability criteria and indicators for temperate and boreal forests. The indicator that focuses on forest species at risk of losing genetic variation, however, has been difficult to address in a systematic fashion. We combined two broad-scale datasets to inform this indicator for the United States: (1) tree species occurrence data from the national Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) plot network and (2) climatically and edaphically defined provisional seed zones, which are proxies for among-population adaptive variation. Specifically, we calculated the estimated proportion of small trees (seedlings and saplings) relative to all trees for each species and within seed zone sub-populations, with the assumption that insufficient regeneration could lead to the loss of genetic variation. The threshold between sustainable and unsustainable proportions of small trees reflected the expectation of age–class balance at the landscape scale. We found that 46 of 280 U.S. forest tree species (16.4%) may be at risk of losing genetic variation. California and the Southeast encompassed the most at-risk species. Additionally, 39 species were potentially at risk within at least half of the seed zones in which they occurred. Seed zones in California and the Southwest had the highest proportions of tree species that may be at risk. The results could help focus conservation and management activities to prevent the loss of adaptive genetic variation within tree species.}, number={1}, journal={FORESTS}, author={Potter, Kevin M. and Riitters, Kurt}, year={2022}, month={Jan} }
 @article{hoban_archer_bertola_bragg_breed_bruford_coleman_ekblom_funk_grueber_et al._2022, title={Global genetic diversity status and trends: towards a suite of Essential Biodiversity Variables (EBVs) for genetic composition}, volume={4}, ISSN={["1469-185X"]}, DOI={10.1111/brv.12852}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT}, journal={BIOLOGICAL REVIEWS}, author={Hoban, Sean and Archer, Frederick I and Bertola, Laura D. and Bragg, Jason G. and Breed, Martin F. and Bruford, Michael W. and Coleman, Melinda A. and Ekblom, Robert and Funk, W. Chris and Grueber, Catherine E. and et al.}, year={2022}, month={Apr} }
 @article{potter_riitters_guo_2022, title={Non-native tree regeneration indicates regional and national risks from current invasions}, volume={5}, ISSN={["2624-893X"]}, DOI={10.3389/ffgc.2022.966407}, abstractNote={Non-native (introduced, exotic, and alien) species alter forest ecosystem processes, cause landscape change, interfere with services provided by native trees, and contribute to biotic homogenization. To quantify the degree of invasion by non-native trees in the United States, we combined two broad-scale datasets: (1) tree species occurrence data from the national Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) plot network and (2) ecoregions characterized by relatively homogeneous environmental conditions. Using the FIA statistical design, we created an indicator of non-native tree regeneration success by estimating the proportion of small trees (seedlings and saplings) relative to all trees for non-native species in the conterminous United States and southeast Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico. Species with at least 75 percent of their stems consisting of smaller stems were classified as highly invasive while those with 60 percent to 75 percent of smaller stems were classified as moderately invasive. Above these thresholds, non-native species are of ecological concern because they are established and reproducing successfully and therefore likely to continue to spread in the future. For the conterminous United States and southeast Alaska, we identified 16 highly invasive and four moderately invasive non-native tree species. Widespread highly invasive and relatively well-established species included Ailanthus altissima, Triadica sebifera, and Ulmus pumila. The richness of highly invasive species was the highest in parts of the Midwest and Mid-Atlantic States, followed by much of the Southeast. In Hawaii, we identified seven highly invasive and three moderately invasive non-native tree species. The most widespread highly invasive and well-established tree species in the archipelago were Psidium cattleyanum, Psidium guajava, Ardisia elliptica, and Syzygium cumini. The largest numbers of highly invasive species were inventoried in the lowland/leeward dry and mesic forests of O’ahu and the lowland wet and mesic forests of Hawai’i Island. Puerto Rico had 17 highly invasive and two moderately invasive tree species. The most widespread and well-established non-native species were Leucaena leucocephala, Spathodea campanulata, Coffea arabica, Syzygium jambos, and Melicoccus bijugatus. The results of this assessment offer insights into which species are most likely to alter forest ecosystems and which forests may be effectively managed to control invasive trees.}, journal={FRONTIERS IN FORESTS AND GLOBAL CHANGE}, author={Potter, Kevin M. and Riitters, Kurt H. and Guo, Qinfeng}, year={2022}, month={Aug} }
 @article{potter_jetton_whittier_crane_hipkins_echt_hodge_2022, title={Table Mountain Pine (Pinus pungens): Genetic Diversity and Conservation of an Imperiled Conifer}, volume={12}, ISSN={["1938-3738"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1093/forsci/fxac043}, DOI={10.1093/forsci/fxac043}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={FOREST SCIENCE}, author={Potter, Kevin M. and Jetton, Robert M. and Whittier, W. Andrew and Crane, Barbara S. and Hipkins, Valerie D. and Echt, Craig S. and Hodge, Gary R.}, year={2022}, month={Dec} }
 @book{lugo_smith_potter_vega_kurtz_2022, title={The contribution of nonnative tree species to the structure and composition of forests in the conterminous United States in comparison with tropical islands in the Pacific and Caribbean}, url={https://doi.org/10.2737/IITF-GTR-54}, DOI={10.2737/IITF-GTR-54}, abstractNote={Nonnative tree species have received less scientific attention than nonnative species in general, but when a forest is colonized by a nonnative tree species, the ecological effects can be significant as a change in tree species composition can alter the structural and functional attributes of forest ecosystems. We assess the abundance, geographic distribution, contribution to forest structure (including carbon), and temporal trends of nonnative tree species between the most current inventory and the previous one, ranging from 3 to 15 years earlier, within the conterminous United States (CONUS) and U.S.-affiliated islands in the Caribbean and the Pacific. We used publicly available data from the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program. Our analysis is by ecological section (ecosection) within ecological provinces of the CONUS and islandwide for Pacific and Caribbean islands. We found that the forest land area with nonnative tree species in the CONUS is 18.8 million acres (7.6 million ha) and is expanding at about 500,000 acres (202 343 ha) per year. The contribution of nonnative tree species in the CONUS to the structural component of forests (basal area and tree density) increased slightly. The mean live aboveground tree carbon of nonnative tree species ranged from 0.39 ton per acre (0.88 Mg/ha) for saplings (small trees with diameter at breast height [dbh] ≥1–<5 inches [≥2.54–<12.7 cm]) to 2.47 tons per acre (5.54 Mg/ha) for all trees (≥1 inch dbh), saplings included. These numbers are equivalent to 19 and 10 percent of the total carbon storage for their respective size classes in the forest plots where they occur, and they slowly increased between previous and current inventories. The contribution of nonnative tree species to the carbon storage of CONUS forests is 92.6 gigapounds (42 Tg) of C or about 0.05 percent of the amount stored in those forests. Nonnative tree species also sequester 1.3 gigapounds (0.6 Tg) of C annually or about 0.5 percent of the carbon sink of CONUS forests. The type and intensity of human activity is generally associated with the presence of nonnative tree species. A similar relationship is at play in Caribbean and Pacific islands and in the mainland forests of the CONUS. Additionally, a greater concentration of human activities in islands makes the nonnative tree species more common there than in the CONUS.}, institution={U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, International Institute of Tropical Forestry}, author={Lugo, Ariel E. and Smith, James E. and Potter, Kevin M. and Vega, Humfredo Marcano and Kurtz, Cassandra M.}, year={2022}, month={Jan} }
 @article{anderson_heath_emery_hicke_littell_lucier_masek_peterson_pouyat_potter_et al._2021, title={Developing a set of indicators to identify, monitor, and track impacts and change in forests of the United States}, volume={165}, ISSN={["1573-1480"]}, DOI={10.1007/s10584-021-02993-6}, abstractNote={United States forestland is an important ecosystem type, land cover, land use, and economic resource that is facing several drivers of change including climatic. Because of its significance, forestland was identified through the National Climate Assessment (NCA) as a key sector and system of concern to be included in a system of climate indicators as part of a sustained assessment effort. Here, we describe 11 informative core indicators of forests and climate change impacts with metrics available or nearly available for use in the NCA efforts. The recommended indicators are based on a comprehensive conceptual model which recognizes forests as a land use, an ecosystem, and an economic sector. The indicators cover major forest attributes such as extent, structural components such as biomass, functions such as growth and productivity, and ecosystem services such as biodiversity and outdoor recreation. Interactions between humans and forests are represented through indicators focused on the wildland-urban interface, cost to mitigate wildfire risk, and energy produced from forest-based biomass. Selected indicators also include drought and disturbance from both wildfires and biotic agents. The forest indicators presented are an initial set that will need further refinement in coordination with other NCA indicator teams. Our effort ideally will initiate the collection of critical measurements and observations and lead to additional research on forest-climate indicators.}, number={1-2}, journal={CLIMATIC CHANGE}, author={Anderson, Sarah M. and Heath, Linda S. and Emery, Marla R. and Hicke, Jeffrey A. and Littell, Jeremy S. and Lucier, Alan and Masek, Jeffrey G. and Peterson, David L. and Pouyat, Richard and Potter, Kevin M. and et al.}, year={2021}, month={Mar} }
 @book{potter_conkling_2021, title={Forest Health Monitoring}, url={https://doi.org/10.2737/SRS-GTR-261}, DOI={10.2737/SRS-GTR-261}, abstractNote={F orest insects and diseases have widespread ecological and economic impacts on the forests of the United States and may represent the most serious threats to the Nation’s forests (Logan and others 2003, Lovett and others 2016, Tobin 2015). U.S. law therefore authorizes the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service to “conduct surveys to detect and appraise insect infestations and disease conditions and man-made stresses affecting trees and establish a monitoring system throughout the forests of the United States to determine detrimental changes or improvements that occur over time, and report annually concerning such surveys and monitoring” (FHP 2020). Insects and diseases cause changes in forest structure and function, species succession, and biodiversity, which may be considered negative or positive depending on management objectives (Edmonds and others 2011). Nearly all native tree species of the United States are affected by at least one injury-causing insect or disease agent, with exotic agents on average considerably more severe than native ones (Potter and others 2019a). Additionally, the genetic integrity of several native tree species is highly vulnerable to exotic diseases and insects (Potter and others 2019b).}, author={Potter, K.M. and Conkling, B.L.}, year={2021} }
 @article{hoban_campbell_silva_ekblom_funk_garner_godoy_kershaw_macdonald_mergeay_et al._2021, title={Genetic diversity is considered important but interpreted narrowly in country reports to the Convention on Biological Diversity: Current actions and indicators are insufficient}, volume={261}, ISSN={["1873-2917"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.biocon.2021.109233}, abstractNote={International agreements such as the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) have committed to conserve, and sustainably and equitably use, biodiversity. The CBD is a vital instrument for global conservation because it guides 195 countries and the European Union in setting priorities and allocating resources, and requires regular reporting on progress. However, the CBD and similar policy agreements have often neglected genetic diversity. This is a critical gap because genetic diversity underlies adaptation to environmental change and ecosystem resilience. Here we aim to inform future policy, monitoring, and reporting efforts focused on limiting biodiversity loss by conducting the largest yet evaluation of how Parties to the CBD report on genetic diversity. A large, globally representative sample of 114 CBD National Reports was examined to assess reported actions, progress, values and indicators related to genetic diversity. Although the importance of genetic diversity is recognized by most Parties to the CBD, genetic diversity targets mainly addressed variation within crops and livestock (a small fraction of all species). Reported actions to conserve genetic diversity primarily concerned ex situ facilities and legislation, rather than monitoring and in situ intervention. The most commonly reported status indicators are not well correlated to maintaining genetic diversity. Lastly, few reports mentioned genetic monitoring using DNA data, indigenous use and knowledge of genetic diversity, or development of strategies to conserve genetic diversity. We make several recommendations for the post-2020 CBD Biodiversity Framework, and similar efforts such as IPBES, to improve awareness, assessment, and monitoring of genetic diversity, and facilitate consistent and complete reporting in the future.}, journal={BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION}, author={Hoban, Sean and Campbell, Catriona D. and Silva, Jessica M. and Ekblom, Robert and Funk, W. Chris and Garner, Brittany A. and Godoy, Jose A. and Kershaw, Francine and MacDonald, Anna J. and Mergeay, Joachim and et al.}, year={2021}, month={Sep} }
 @article{willyard_gernandt_lopez-reyes_potter_2021, title={Mitochondrial phylogeography of the ponderosa pines: widespread gene capture, interspecific sharing, and two unique lineages}, volume={17}, ISSN={["1614-2950"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-021-01529-4}, DOI={10.1007/s11295-021-01529-4}, number={6}, journal={TREE GENETICS & GENOMES}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Willyard, Ann and Gernandt, David S. and Lopez-Reyes, Alejandro and Potter, Kevin M.}, year={2021}, month={Dec} }
 @article{a forest health retrospective: national and regional results from 20 years of insect and disease survey data_2020, DOI={10.6084/m9.figshare.12609578}, journal={figshare}, year={2020} }
 @article{broad-scale patterns of forest fire occurrence across the 50 united states and the caribbean territories, 2018_2020, DOI={10.6084/m9.figshare.12609569}, journal={figshare}, year={2020} }
 @article{coordinating the iucn red list of north american tree species: a special session at the usfs gene conservation of tree species workshop_2020, DOI={10.6084/m9.figshare.12380591}, journal={figshare}, year={2020} }
 @book{forest health monitoring: national status, trends, and analysis 2019_2020, DOI={10.6084/m9.figshare.12608930}, journal={figshare}, year={2020} }
 @article{introduction: forest health monitoring: national status, trends and analysis, 2019_2020, DOI={10.6084/m9.figshare.12609518}, journal={figshare}, year={2020} }
 @article{large-scale patterns of insect and disease activity in the conterminous united states, alaska, and hawaii from the national insect and disease survey, 2018_2020, DOI={10.6084/m9.figshare.12609539}, journal={figshare}, year={2020} }
 @article{pike_potter_berrang_crane_baggs_leites_luther_2020, title={New Seed-Collection Zones for the Eastern United States: The Eastern Seed Zone Forum}, volume={3}, url={https://doi.org/10.1093/jofore/fvaa013}, DOI={10.1093/jofore/fvaa013}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={Journal of Forestry}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Pike, Carolyn and Potter, Kevin M and Berrang, Paul and Crane, Barbara and Baggs, Joanne and Leites, Laura and Luther, Tom}, year={2020}, month={Jul} }
 @article{predicting climate change extirpation risk for central and southern appalachian forest tree species_2020, DOI={10.6084/m9.figshare.12380222}, journal={figshare}, year={2020} }
 @book{potter_conkling_2019, place={Asheville, North Carolina}, title={Forest Health Monitoring: National Status, Trends and Analysis, 2018}, url={https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/58746}, number={SRS-239.}, institution={U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station}, year={2019} }
 @article{guo_potter_koch_riitters_2019, title={Impacts of Nonnative Species on the Health of Natural and Planted Forests}, volume={10}, ISSN={1999-4907}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10050366}, DOI={10.3390/f10050366}, abstractNote={Despite conservation efforts, most forest ecosystems worldwide are affected by biotic invasions; however, the specific impacts vary across different geographic regions and forest types. The relative contributions of the main drivers such as propagule pressure (e.g., due to human population, travel, and trade), climate, land use, and habitat invasibility remain uncertain. The special issue “Impacts of Nonnative Species on the Health of Natural and Planted Forests” was organized to facilitate timely communications among scientists and managers in different regions and to assist in attempts to improve forest health and maintain long-term sustainability. The special issue addresses broad issues related to forest invasions, including the impacts of nonnative species in various forest ecosystems (e.g., natural vs. urban) and the contributions of land use (e.g., fragmentation), human activity, and climate change to invasion. The new findings include identifying hotspots of potential invasion impacts and their causes, which can help inform policy makers as they develop effective strategies for prevention, early detection or eradication, and forest management.}, number={5}, journal={Forests}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Guo, Qinfeng and Potter, Kevin M. and Koch, Frank H. and Riitters, Kurt H.}, year={2019}, month={Apr}, pages={366} }
 @article{potter_escanferla_jetton_man_2019, title={Important Insect and Disease Threats to United States Tree Species and Geographic Patterns of Their Potential Impacts}, volume={10}, ISSN={1999-4907}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10040304}, DOI={10.3390/f10040304}, abstractNote={Diseases and insects, particularly those that are non-native and invasive, arguably pose the most destructive threat to North American forests. Currently, both exotic and native insects and diseases are producing extensive ecological damage and economic impacts. As part of an effort to identify United States tree species and forests most vulnerable to these epidemics, we compiled a list of the most serious insect and disease threats for 419 native tree species and assigned a severity rating for each of the 1378 combinations between mature tree hosts and 339 distinct insect and disease agents. We then joined this list with data from a spatially unbiased and nationally consistent forest inventory to assess the potential ecological impacts of insect and disease infestations. Specifically, potential host species mortality for each host/agent combination was used to weight species importance values on approximately 132,000 Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) plots across the conterminous 48 United States. When summed on each plot, these weighted importance values represent an estimate of the proportion of the plot’s existing importance value at risk of being lost. These plot estimates were then used to identify statistically significant geographic hotspots and coldspots and of potential forest impacts associated with insects and diseases in total, and for different agent types. In general, the potential impacts of insects and diseases were greater in the West, where there are both fewer agents and less diverse forests. The impact of non-native invasive agents, however, was potentially greater in the East. Indeed, the impacts of current exotic pests could be greatly magnified across much of the Eastern United States if these agents are able to reach the entirety of their hosts’ ranges. Both the list of agent/host severities and the spatially explicit results can inform species-level vulnerability assessments and broad-scale forest sustainability reporting efforts, and should provide valuable information for decision-makers who need to determine which tree species and locations to target for monitoring efforts and pro-active management activities.}, number={4}, journal={Forests}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Potter, Kevin and Escanferla, Maria and Jetton, Robert and Man, Gary}, year={2019}, month={Apr}, pages={304} }
 @book{potter_2019, place={Asheville, North Carolina}, title={Introduction}, url={https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/58746}, number={SRS-239}, journal={Forest Health Monitoring: National Status, Trends and Analysis, 2018}, institution={U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station}, author={Potter, K.M.}, editor={Potter, K.M. and Conkling, B.L.Editors}, year={2019}, pages={5–18} }
 @book{potter_2019, place={Asheville, North Carolina}, title={Large-scale patterns of forest fire occurrence across the 50 United States and the Caribbean territories, 2017}, url={https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/58746}, number={SRS-239}, journal={Forest Health Monitoring: National Status, Trends and Analysis, 2018}, institution={U.S. Department of Agriculture. Forest Service, Southern Research Station}, author={Potter, K.M.}, editor={Potter, K.M. and Conkling, B.L.Editors}, year={2019}, pages={51–76} }
 @book{potter_paschke_koch_zweifler_2019, place={Asheville, North Carolina}, title={Large-scale patterns of insect and disease activity in the conterminous United States, Alaska and Hawaii from the national insect and disease survey, 2017}, url={https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/58746}, number={SRS-239}, journal={Forest Health Monitoring: National Status, Trends and Analysis, 2018}, institution={U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station}, author={Potter, K.M. and Paschke, J.L. and Koch, F.H. and Zweifler, M.}, editor={Potter, K.M. and Conkling, B.L.Editors}, year={2019}, pages={21–49} }
 @article{potter_escanferla_jetton_man_crane_2019, title={Prioritizing the conservation needs of United States tree species: Evaluating vulnerability to forest insect and disease threats}, volume={18}, ISSN={2351-9894}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00622}, DOI={10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00622}, abstractNote={Abstract Insect and disease infestations pose major threats to several North American forest tree species. Scientists and managers from throughout the United States Forest Service developed a conservation priority-setting framework for forest tree species at risk from insects and disease and other threats. The Project CAPTURE (Conservation Assessment and Prioritization of Forest Trees Under Risk of Extirpation) framework is data-driven and guided by expert opinion, allowing the quantitative grouping of species into vulnerability classes that may require different management and conservation strategies. We applied this framework to categorize and prioritize 419 native North American tree species for conservation, monitoring, and management using trait data and insect and disease threat data for each host tree species. The categorization is based on vulnerability factors relating to each tree species’ (1) insect and disease threat severity, (2) sensitivity to insect and disease infestation, and (3) capacity to adapt to insect and disease infestation. We used K-means clustering to group species into 11 classes based on these vulnerability dimensions. The three most vulnerable classes encompassed 15 species which require the most immediate conservation intervention. Two additional classes face less severe insect and disease threats and may be good candidates for resistance breeding efforts. Other groups had traits associated with high sensitivity and/or low adaptive capacity to potential future insect and disease threats, suggesting that these species need close monitoring. This assessment tool should be valuable for decision-makers determining which species and populations to target for monitoring efforts and for pro-active gene conservation and management activities.}, journal={Global Ecology and Conservation}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Potter, Kevin M. and Escanferla, Maria E. and Jetton, Robert M. and Man, Gary and Crane, Barbara S.}, year={2019}, month={Apr}, pages={e00622} }
 @book{riitters_potter_2019, place={Asheville, North Carolina}, title={The invasiveness and invasibility of Eastern U.S. forest types}, url={https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/58746}, number={SRS-239}, journal={Forest Health Monitoring: National Status, Trends and Analysis, 2018}, institution={U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station}, author={Riitters, K.H. and Potter, K.M.}, editor={Potter, K.M. and Conkling, B.L.Editors}, year={2019}, pages={115–124} }
 @article{guo_fei_potter_liebhold_wen_2019, title={Tree diversity regulates forest pest invasion}, volume={116}, ISSN={0027-8424 1091-6490}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1821039116}, DOI={10.1073/pnas.1821039116}, abstractNote={Nonnative pests often cause cascading ecological impacts, leading to detrimental socioeconomic consequences; however, how plant diversity may influence insect and disease invasions remains unclear. High species diversity in host communities may promote pest invasions by providing more niches (i.e., facilitation), but it can also diminish invasion success because low host dominance may make it more difficult for pests to establish (i.e., dilution). Most studies to date have focused on small-scale, experimental, or individual pest/disease species, while large-scale empirical studies, especially in natural ecosystems, are extremely rare. Using subcontinental-level data, we examined the role of tree diversity on pest invasion across the conterminous United States and found that the tree-pest diversity relationships are hump-shaped. Pest diversity increases with tree diversity at low tree diversity (because of facilitation or amplification) and is reduced at higher tree diversity (as a result of dilution). Thus, tree diversity likely regulates forest pest invasion through both facilitation and dilution that operate simultaneously, but their relative strengths vary with overall diversity. Our findings suggest the role of native species diversity in regulating nonnative pest invasions.}, number={15}, journal={Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences}, publisher={Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences}, author={Guo, Qinfeng and Fei, Songlin and Potter, Kevin M. and Liebhold, Andrew M. and Wen, Jun}, year={2019}, month={Mar}, pages={7382–7386} }
 @article{guo_riitters_potter_2018, title={A Subcontinental Analysis of Forest Fragmentation Effects on Insect and Disease Invasion}, volume={9}, ISSN={1999-4907}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f9120744}, DOI={10.3390/f9120744}, abstractNote={The influences of human and physical factors on species invasions have been extensively examined by ecologists across many regions. However, how habitat fragmentation per se may affect forest insect and disease invasion has not been well studied, especially the related patterns over regional or subcontinental scales. Here, using national survey data on forest pest richness and fragmentation data across United States forest ecosystems, we examine how forest fragmentation and edge types (neighboring land cover) may affect pest richness at the county level. Our results show that habitat fragmentation and edge types both affected pest richness. In general, specialist insects and pathogens were more sensitive to fragmentation and edge types than generalists, while pathogens were much less sensitive to fragmentation and edge types than insect pests. Most importantly, the developed land edge type contributed the most to the richness of nonnative insects and diseases, whether measured by the combination of all pest species or by separate guilds or species groups (i.e., generalists vs. specialists, insects vs. pathogens). This observation may largely reflect anthropogenic effects, including propagule pressure associated with human activities. These results shed new insights into the patterns of forest pest invasions, and it may have significant implications for forest restoration and management.}, number={12}, journal={Forests}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Guo, Qinfeng and Riitters, Kurt and Potter, Kevin}, year={2018}, month={Nov}, pages={744} }
 @article{siry_cubbage_potter_mcginley_2018, title={Current Perspectives on Sustainable Forest Management: North America}, volume={4}, ISSN={2198-6436}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40725-018-0079-2}, DOI={10.1007/s40725-018-0079-2}, number={3}, journal={Current Forestry Reports}, publisher={Springer Nature}, author={Siry, Jacek P. and Cubbage, Frederick W. and Potter, Kevin M. and McGinley, Kathleen}, year={2018}, month={Jul}, pages={138–149} }
 @article{potter_2018, title={Do United States protected areas effectively conserve forest tree rarity and evolutionary distinctiveness?}, volume={224}, ISSN={0006-3207}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2018.05.007}, DOI={10.1016/j.biocon.2018.05.007}, abstractNote={Because forest tree species face serious threats including insect and disease epidemics, climate change, and forest fragmentation and conversion, prioritizing species and forests for conservation is an essential management goal. This paper describes a species prioritization approach that incorporates both the rarity of species, because of the increased vulnerability associated with rare species, and their evolutionary distinctiveness (ED), a measure of evolutionary originality. Rarity and ED scores, and scores for the two combined, were calculated for 352 North American forest tree species. A weak but significant phylogenetic signal was associated with species rarity. The scores were used to weight species importance values on approximately 130,000 forest inventory plots across the conterminous United States. The resulting plot-level estimates of conservation value were employed to identify geographic hotspots of forests with high conservation value, and to assess whether forests with protected status effectively conserve rarity and ED. Rarity hotspots were detected in California, the Southwest, central Texas, and Florida. Hotspots of ED included locations along the Pacific Coast, in the Northern Rockies, and in scattered eastern locations. Protected forest areas across the United States effectively conserve ED, but not rarity. In fact, rarity was lowest in areas with the highest protection, and highest in areas with no or unknown protected status. Multiple-use protected areas had higher ED, but not rarity, than restricted-use protected areas. Protected area effectiveness varied across the country. Such spatially explicit assessment approaches can help determine which forests to target for monitoring efforts and pro-active management activities.}, journal={Biological Conservation}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Potter, Kevin M.}, year={2018}, month={Aug}, pages={34–46} }
 @article{iannone iii_potter_guo_jo_oswalt_fei_2018, title={Environmental harshness drives spatial heterogeneity in biotic resistance}, volume={40}, ISSN={1314-2488 1619-0033}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.40.28558}, DOI={10.3897/neobiota.40.28558}, abstractNote={Ecological communities often exhibit greater resistance to biological invasions when these communities consist of species that are not closely related. The effective size of this resistance, however, varies geographically. Here we investigate the drivers of this heterogeneity in the context of known contributions of native trees to the resistance of forests in the eastern United States of America to plant invasions. Using 42,626 spatially referenced forest community observations, we quantified spatial heterogeneity in relationships between evolutionary relatedness amongst native trees and both invasive plant species richness and cover. We then modelled the variability amongst the 91 ecological sections of our study area in the slopes of these relationships in response to three factors known to affect invasion and evolutionary relationships –environmental harshness (as estimated via tree height), relative tree density and environmental variability. Invasive species richness and cover declined in plots having less evolutionarily related native trees. The degree to which they did, however, varied considerably amongst ecological sections. This variability was explained by an ecological section’s mean maximum tree height and, to a lesser degree, SD in maximum tree height (R2GLMM = 0.47 to 0.63). In general, less evolutionarily related native tree communities better resisted overall plant invasions in less harsh forests and in forests where the degree of harshness was more homogenous. These findings can guide future investigations aimed at identifying the mechanisms by which evolutionary relatedness of native species affects exotic species invasions and the environmental conditions under which these effects are most pronounced.}, journal={NeoBiota}, publisher={Pensoft Publishers}, author={Iannone III, Basil V. and Potter, Kevin M. and Guo, Qinfeng and Jo, Insu and Oswalt, Christopher M. and Fei, Songlin}, year={2018}, month={Dec}, pages={87–105} }
 @article{riitters_potter_iannone_oswalt_guo_fei_2018, title={Exposure of Protected and Unprotected Forest to Plant Invasions in the Eastern United States}, volume={9}, ISSN={1999-4907}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f9110723}, DOI={10.3390/f9110723}, abstractNote={Research Highlights: We demonstrate a macroscale framework combining an invasibility model with forest inventory data, and evaluate regional forest exposure to harmful invasive plants under different types of forest protection. Background and Objectives: Protected areas are a fundamental component of natural resource conservation. The exposure of protected forests to invasive plants can impede achievement of conservation goals, and the effectiveness of protection for limiting forest invasions is uncertain. We conducted a macroscale assessment of the exposure of protected and unprotected forests to harmful invasive plants in the eastern United States. Materials and Methods: Invasibility (the probability that a forest site has been invaded) was estimated for 82,506 inventory plots from site and landscape attributes. The invaded forest area was estimated by using the inventory sample design to scale up plot invasibility estimates to all forest area. We compared the invasibility and the invaded forest area of seven categories of protection with that of de facto protected (publicly owned) forest and unprotected forest in 13 ecological provinces. Results: We estimate approximately 51% of the total forest area has been exposed to harmful invasive plants, including 30% of the protected forest, 38% of the de facto protected forest, and 56% of the unprotected forest. Based on cumulative invasibility, the relative exposure of protection categories depended on the assumed invasibility threshold. Based on the invaded forest area, the five least-exposed protection categories were wilderness area (13% invaded), national park (18%), sustainable use (26%), nature reserve (31%), and de facto protected Federal land (36%). Of the total uninvaded forest area, only 15% was protected and 14% had de facto protection. Conclusions: Any protection is better than none, and public ownership alone is as effective as some types of formal protection. Since most of the remaining uninvaded forest area is unprotected, landscape-level management strategies will provide the most opportunities to conserve it.}, number={11}, journal={Forests}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Riitters, Kurt and Potter, Kevin and Iannone, Basil, III and Oswalt, Christopher and Guo, Qinfeng and Fei, Songlin}, year={2018}, month={Nov}, pages={723} }
 @book{potter_conkling_2018, title={Forest health monitoring: National status, trends and analysis, 2017}, volume={SRS-233}, journal={Technical Report- Not held in TRLN member libraries}, institution={Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Research & Development, Southern Research Station}, author={Potter, K. M. and Conkling, B. L.}, year={2018} }
 @article{maguire_shinneman_potter_hipkins_2018, title={Intraspecific Niche Models for Ponderosa Pine (Pinus ponderosa) Suggest Potential Variability in Population-Level Response to Climate Change}, volume={67}, ISSN={1063-5157 1076-836X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syy017}, DOI={10.1093/sysbio/syy017}, abstractNote={Abstract. Unique responses to climate change can occur across intraspecific levels, resulting in individualistic adaptation or movement patterns among populations within a given species. Thus, the need to model potential responses among genetically distinct populations within a species is increasingly recognized. However, predictive models of future distributions are regularly fit at the species level, often because intraspecific variation is unknown or is identified only within limited sample locations. In this study, we considered the role of intraspecific variation to shape the geographic distribution of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), an ecologically and economically important tree species in North America. Morphological and genetic variation across the distribution of ponderosa pine suggest the need to model intraspecific populations: the two varieties (var. ponderosa and var. scopulorum) and several haplotype groups within each variety have been shown to occupy unique climatic niches, suggesting populations have distinct evolutionary lineages adapted to different environmental conditions. We utilized a recently available, geographically widespread dataset of intraspecific variation (haplotypes) for ponderosa pine and a recently devised lineage distance modeling approach to derive additional, likely intraspecific occurrence locations. We confirmed the relative uniqueness of each haplotype‐climate relationship using a niche‐overlap analysis, and developed ecological niche models (ENMs) to project the distribution for two varieties and eight haplotypes under future climate forecasts. Future projections of haplotype niche distributions generally revealed greater potential range loss than predicted for the varieties. This difference may reflect intraspecific responses of distinct evolutionary lineages. However, directional trends are generally consistent across intraspecific levels, and include a loss of distributional area and an upward shift in elevation. Our results demonstrate the utility in modeling intraspecific response to changing climate and they inform management and conservation strategies, by identifying haplotypes and geographic areas that may be most at risk, or most secure, under projected climate change.}, number={6}, journal={Systematic Biology}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Maguire, Kaitlin C and Shinneman, Douglas J and Potter, Kevin M and Hipkins, Valerie D}, editor={Matzke, NicholasEditor}, year={2018}, month={Mar}, pages={965–978} }
 @inbook{potter_2018, title={Introduction}, booktitle={Forest Health Monitoring: National Status, Trends and Analysis, 2017}, publisher={Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Research & Development, Southern Research Station}, author={Potter, K.M}, editor={Kevin M. Potter, Barbara L. ConklingEditor}, year={2018}, pages={7–20} }
 @inbook{potter_paschke_zweifler_2018, title={Large-scale patterns of forest fire occurrence in the conterminous United States, Alaska, and Hawaii, 2016}, booktitle={Forest Health Monitoring: National Status, Trends and Analysis, 2017}, publisher={Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Research & Development, Southern Research Station}, author={Potter, K. M. and Paschke, J. L. and Zweifler, M.O.}, editor={Potter, Kevin M. and Conkling, Barbara L.Editors}, year={2018} }
 @inbook{potter_2018, title={Large-scale patterns of insect and disease activity in the conterminous United States, Alaska and Hawaii from the national insect and disease survey, 2016}, booktitle={Forest Health Monitoring: National Status, Trends and Analysis, 2017}, publisher={Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Research & Development, Southern Research Station}, author={Potter, K.M.}, year={2018} }
 @article{potter_crane_hargrove_2017, title={A United States national prioritization framework for tree species vulnerability to climate change}, volume={48}, ISSN={0169-4286 1573-5095}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11056-017-9569-5}, DOI={10.1007/s11056-017-9569-5}, number={2}, journal={New Forests}, publisher={Springer Nature}, author={Potter, Kevin M. and Crane, Barbara S. and Hargrove, William W.}, year={2017}, month={Jan}, pages={275–300} }
 @article{potter_jetton_bower_jacobs_man_hipkins_westwood_2017, title={Banking on the future: progress, challenges and opportunities for the genetic conservation of forest trees}, volume={48}, ISSN={0169-4286 1573-5095}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11056-017-9582-8}, DOI={10.1007/s11056-017-9582-8}, number={2}, journal={New Forests}, publisher={Springer Nature}, author={Potter, Kevin M. and Jetton, Robert M. and Bower, Andrew and Jacobs, Douglass F. and Man, Gary and Hipkins, Valerie D. and Westwood, Murphy}, year={2017}, month={Mar}, pages={153–180} }
 @inproceedings{westwood_frances_man_pivorunas_potter_2017, title={Coordinating the IUCN Red List of North American tree species: A special session at the USFS gene conservation of tree species workshop}, booktitle={Gene conservation of tree species--banking on the future. Proceedings of a workshop. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-963}, publisher={Portland: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station}, author={Westwood, M. and Frances, A. and Man, G. and Pivorunas, D. and Potter, K. M.}, year={2017}, pages={12–23} }
 @article{fei_desprez_potter_jo_knott_oswalt_2017, title={Divergence of species responses to climate change}, volume={3}, ISSN={2375-2548}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1603055}, DOI={10.1126/sciadv.1603055}, abstractNote={Traits determine species responses to climate change, as most eastern U.S. trees shift westward following moisture change.}, number={5}, journal={Science Advances}, publisher={American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)}, author={Fei, Songlin and Desprez, Johanna M. and Potter, Kevin M. and Jo, Insu and Knott, Jonathan A. and Oswalt, Christopher M.}, year={2017}, month={May}, pages={e1603055} }
 @article{jo_potter_domke_fei_2017, title={Dominant forest tree mycorrhizal type mediates understory plant invasions}, volume={21}, ISSN={1461-023X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ele.12884}, DOI={10.1111/ele.12884}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={2}, journal={Ecology Letters}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Jo, Insu and Potter, Kevin M. and Domke, Grant M. and Fei, Songlin}, editor={Vila, MontserratEditor}, year={2017}, month={Nov}, pages={217–224} }
 @book{potter_conkling_2017, title={Forest health monitoring: National status, trends and analysis, 2016}, volume={SRS-222}, journal={Technical Report- Not held in TRLN member libraries}, institution={Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Research & Development, Southern Research Station}, author={Potter, K. M. and Conkling, B. L.}, year={2017} }
 @article{russell_woodall_potter_walters_domke_oswalt_2017, title={Interactions between white-tailed deer density and the composition of forest understories in the northern United States}, volume={384}, ISSN={["1872-7042"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.foreco.2016.10.038}, abstractNote={Forest understories across the northern United States (US) are a complex of tree seedlings, endemic forbs, herbs, shrubs, and introduced plant species within a forest structure defined by tree and forest floor attributes. The substantial increase in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus Zimmerman) populations over the past decades has resulted in heavy browse pressure in many of these forests. To gain an objective assessment of the role of deer in forested ecosystems, a region-wide forest inventory across the northern US was examined in concert with white-tailed deer density information compiled at broad scales. Results indicate that deer density may be an additional driver of tree seedling abundance when analyzed along with stand attributes such as aboveground biomass, relative density, and stand age. Tree seedling abundance generally decreased as deer density increased above 5.8 deer km2 for all forest type groups with the exception of oak-dominated forests. Findings indicate that introduced plant species, of which 393 were recorded in this study, increased in areas with higher deer density. The abundance of white-tailed deer is just as important as forest stand and site attributes in the development of forest understories. Given the complexity of forest and land use dynamics across the northern US, this study provides directions for future research as more data linking forest-dependent wildlife and forest dynamics at regional and national scales become available.}, journal={FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT}, author={Russell, Matthew B. and Woodall, Christopher W. and Potter, Kevin M. and Walters, Brian F. and Domke, Grant M. and Oswalt, Christopher M.}, year={2017}, month={Jan}, pages={26–33} }
 @inbook{potter_2017, title={Introduction}, booktitle={Forest Health Monitoring: National Status, Trends and Analysis, 2016}, publisher={Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Research & Development, Southern Research Station}, author={Potter, K.M.}, year={2017} }
 @article{riitters_potter_iannone_oswalt_fei_guo_2017, title={Landscape correlates of forest plant invasions: A high-resolution analysis across the eastern United States}, volume={24}, ISSN={1366-9516}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12680}, DOI={10.1111/ddi.12680}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={3}, journal={Diversity and Distributions}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Riitters, Kurt and Potter, Kevin and Iannone, Basil V., III and Oswalt, Christopher and Fei, Songlin and Guo, Qinfeng}, editor={Vaclavik, TomasEditor}, year={2017}, month={Nov}, pages={274–284} }
 @inbook{potter_paschke_2017, title={Large-scale patterns of forest fire occurrence in the conterminous United States, Alaska, and Hawaii, 2015}, volume={43-}, number={62}, booktitle={Forest Health Monitoring: National Status, Trends and Analysis, 2016}, publisher={Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Research & Development, Southern Research Station}, author={Potter, K. M. and Paschke, J. L.}, year={2017} }
 @inbook{potter_2017, title={Large-scale patterns of insect and disease activity in the conterminous United States, Alaska and Hawaii from the national insect and disease survey, 2015}, booktitle={Forest Health Monitoring: National Status, Trends and Analysis, 2016}, publisher={Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Research & Development, Southern Research Station}, author={Potter, K.M.}, year={2017} }
 @article{prasad_potter_2017, title={Macro-scale assessment of demographic and environmental variation within genetically derived evolutionary lineages of eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis), an imperiled conifer of the eastern United States}, volume={26}, ISSN={0960-3115 1572-9710}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-017-1354-4}, DOI={10.1007/s10531-017-1354-4}, number={9}, journal={Biodiversity and Conservation}, publisher={Springer Nature}, author={Prasad, Anantha M. and Potter, Kevin M.}, year={2017}, month={Apr}, pages={2223–2249} }
 @article{potter_campbell_josserand_nelson_jetton_2017, title={Population isolation results in unexpectedly high differentiation in Carolina hemlock (Tsuga caroliniana), an imperiled southern Appalachian endemic conifer}, volume={13}, ISSN={1614-2942 1614-2950}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11295-017-1189-x}, DOI={10.1007/s11295-017-1189-x}, number={5}, journal={Tree Genetics & Genomes}, publisher={Springer Nature}, author={Potter, Kevin M. and Campbell, Angelia Rose and Josserand, Sedley A. and Nelson, C. Dana and Jetton, Robert M.}, year={2017}, month={Sep} }
 @article{hastings_potter_koch_megalos_jetton_2017, title={Prioritizing conservation seed banking locations for imperiled hemlock species using multi-attribute frontier mapping}, volume={48}, ISSN={0169-4286 1573-5095}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11056-017-9575-7}, DOI={10.1007/s11056-017-9575-7}, number={2}, journal={New Forests}, publisher={Springer Nature}, author={Hastings, John M. and Potter, Kevin M. and Koch, Frank H. and Megalos, Mark and Jetton, Robert M.}, year={2017}, month={Mar}, pages={301–316} }
 @inproceedings{crane_potter_2017, place={Chicago, Illinois}, title={USDA Forest Service Southern Region: It’s all about GRITS. Gene Conservation of Tree Species—Banking on the Future}, volume={General Technical Report PNW-GTR-963}, publisher={Portland, Oregon: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station}, author={Crane, B.S. and Potter, K.M.}, year={2017}, pages={111–112} }
 @article{shinneman_means_potter_hipkins_2016, title={Exploring Climate Niches of Ponderosa Pine (Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex Lawson) Haplotypes in the Western United States: Implications for Evolutionary History and Conservation}, volume={11}, ISSN={1932-6203}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0151811}, DOI={10.1371/journal.pone.0151811}, abstractNote={Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex Lawson) occupies montane environments throughout western North America, where it is both an ecologically and economically important tree species. A recent study using mitochondrial DNA analysis demonstrated substantial genetic variation among ponderosa pine populations in the western U.S., identifying 10 haplotypes with unique evolutionary lineages that generally correspond spatially with distributions of the Pacific (P. p. var. ponderosa) and Rocky Mountain (P. p. var. scopulorum) varieties. To elucidate the role of climate in shaping the phylogeographic history of ponderosa pine, we used nonparametric multiplicative regression to develop predictive climate niche models for two varieties and 10 haplotypes and to hindcast potential distribution of the varieties during the last glacial maximum (LGM), ~22,000 yr BP. Our climate niche models performed well for the varieties, but haplotype models were constrained in some cases by small datasets and unmeasured microclimate influences. The models suggest strong relationships between genetic lineages and climate. Particularly evident was the role of seasonal precipitation balance in most models, with winter- and summer-dominated precipitation regimes strongly associated with P. p. vars. ponderosa and scopulorum, respectively. Indeed, where present-day climate niches overlap between the varieties, introgression of two haplotypes also occurs along a steep clinal divide in western Montana. Reconstructed climate niches for the LGM suggest potentially suitable climate existed for the Pacific variety in the California Floristic province, the Great Basin, and Arizona highlands, while suitable climate for the Rocky Mountain variety may have existed across the southwestern interior highlands. These findings underscore potentially unique phylogeographic origins of modern ponderosa pine evolutionary lineages, including potential adaptations to Pleistocene climates associated with discrete temporary glacial refugia. Our predictive climate niche models may inform strategies for further genetic research (e.g., sampling design) and conservation that promotes haplotype compatibility with projected changes in future climate.}, number={3}, journal={PLOS ONE}, publisher={Public Library of Science (PLoS)}, author={Shinneman, Douglas J. and Means, Robert E. and Potter, Kevin M. and Hipkins, Valerie D.}, editor={Chiang, Tzen-YuhEditor}, year={2016}, month={Mar}, pages={e0151811} }
 @book{potter_conkling_2016, title={Forest health monitoring: National status, trends and analysis, 2015}, volume={SRS-213}, journal={Technical Report- Not held in TRLN member libraries}, institution={Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Research & Development, Southern Research Station}, author={Potter, K. M. and Conkling, B. L.}, year={2016}, pages={199} }
 @inbook{potter_2016, title={Introduction}, booktitle={Forest Health Monitoring: National Status, Trends and Analysis, 2015}, publisher={Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Research & Development, Southern Research Station}, author={Potter, K. M.}, editor={Potter, K.M. and Conkling, B.L.Editors}, year={2016}, pages={5–17} }
 @inbook{potter_2016, title={Large-scale patterns of forest fire occurrence in the conterminous United States, Alaska, and Hawaii, 2014}, booktitle={Forest Health Monitoring: National Status, Trends and Analysis, 2015}, publisher={Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Research & Development, Southern Research Station}, author={Potter, K. M.}, editor={Potter, K.M. and Conkling, B.L.Editors}, year={2016}, pages={41–60} }
 @inbook{potter_paschke_2016, title={Large-scale patterns of insect and disease activity in the conterminous United States and Alaska from the National Insect and Disease Survey, 2014}, booktitle={Forest Health Monitoring: National Status, Trends and Analysis, 2015}, publisher={Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Research & Development, Southern Research Station}, author={Potter, K. M. and Paschke, J. L.}, editor={Potter, K.M. and Conkling, B.L.Editors}, year={2016}, pages={21–40} }
 @article{willyard_gernandt_potter_hipkins_marquardt_mahalovich_langer_telewski_cooper_douglas_et al._2016, title={Pinus ponderosa
            : A checkered past obscured four species}, volume={104}, ISSN={0002-9122 1537-2197}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1600336}, DOI={10.3732/ajb.1600336}, abstractNote={PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Molecular genetic evidence can help delineate taxa in species complexes that lack diagnostic morphological characters. Pinus ponderosa (Pinaceae; subsection Ponderosae) is recognized as a problematic taxon: plastid phylogenies of exemplars were paraphyletic, and mitochondrial phylogeography suggested at least four subdivisions of P. ponderosa. These patterns have not been examined in the context of other Ponderosae species. We hypothesized that putative intraspecific subdivisions might each represent a separate taxon.}, number={1}, journal={American Journal of Botany}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Willyard, Ann and Gernandt, David S. and Potter, Kevin and Hipkins, Valerie and Marquardt, Paula and Mahalovich, Mary Frances and Langer, Stephen K. and Telewski, Frank W. and Cooper, Blake and Douglas, Connor and et al.}, year={2016}, month={Dec}, pages={161–181} }
 @article{guo_iannone iii_nunez-mir_potter_oswalt_fei_2016, title={Species pool, human population, and global versus regional invasion patterns}, volume={32}, ISSN={0921-2973 1572-9761}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-016-0475-6}, DOI={10.1007/s10980-016-0475-6}, number={2}, journal={Landscape Ecology}, publisher={Springer Nature}, author={Guo, Qinfeng and Iannone III, Basil V. and Nunez-Mir, Gabriela C. and Potter, Kevin M. and Oswalt, Christopher M. and Fei, Songlin}, year={2016}, month={Dec}, pages={229–238} }
 @article{trends over time in tree and seedling phylogenetic diversity indicate regional differences in forest biodiversity change_2016, DOI={10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3295340.v1}, journal={Figshare}, year={2016} }
 @article{oswalt_fei_guo_iannone iii_oswalt_pijanowski_potter_2015, title={A subcontinental view of forest plant invasions}, volume={24}, ISSN={1314-2488 1619-0033}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.24.8378}, DOI={10.3897/neobiota.24.8378}, abstractNote={Over the last few decades, considerable attention has focused on small-scale studies of invasive plants and invaded systems. Unfortunately, small scale studies rarely provide comprehensive insight into the complexities of biological invasions at macroscales. Systematic and repeated monitoring of biological invasions at broad scales are rare. In this report, we highlight a unique invasive plant database from the national Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program of the United States Forest Service. We demonstrate the importance and capability of this subcontinental-wide database by showcasing several critical macroscale invasion patterns that have emerged from its initial analysis: (1) large portion of the forests systems (39%) in the United States are impacted by invasive plants, (2) forests in the eastern United States harbor more invasive species than the western regions, (3) human land-use legacies at regional to national scales may drive large-scale invasion patterns. This accumulated dataset, which continues to grow in temporal richness with repeated measurements, will allow the understanding of invasion patterns and processes at multi-spatial and temporal scales. Such insights are not possible from smaller-scale studies, illustrating the benefit that can be gained by investing in the development of regional to continental-wide invasion monitoring programs elsewhere.}, journal={NeoBiota}, publisher={Pensoft Publishers}, author={Oswalt, Christopher M. and Fei, Songlin and Guo, Qinfeng and Iannone III, Basil V. and Oswalt, Sonja N. and Pijanowski, Bryan C. and Potter, Kevin M.}, year={2015}, month={Jan}, pages={49–54} }
 @article{oswalt_fei_guo_iannone_oswalt_pijanowski_potter_2015, title={A subcontinental view of forest plant invasions}, url={https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.24.4526}, DOI={10.3897/neobiota.24.4526}, abstractNote={Over the last few decades, considerable attention has focused on small-scale studies of invasive plants and invaded systems. Unfortunately, small scale studies rarely provide comprehensive insight into the complexities of biological invasions at macroscales. Systematic and repeated monitoring of biological invasions at broad scales are rare. In this report, we highlight a unique invasive plant database from the national Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program of the United States Forest Service. We demonstrate the importance and capability of this subcontinental-wide database by showcasing several critical macroscale invasion patterns that have emerged from its initial analysis: (1) large portion of the forests systems (39%) in the United States are impacted by invasive plants, (2) forests in the eastern United States harbor more invasive species than the western regions, (3) human land-use legacies at regional to national scales may drive large-scale invasion patterns. This accumulated dataset, which continues to grow in temporal richness with repeated measurements, will allow the understanding of invasion patterns and processes at multi-spatial and temporal scales. Such insights are not possible from smaller-scale studies, illustrating the benefit that can be gained by investing in the development of regional to continental-wide invasion monitoring programs elsewhere.}, journal={NeoBiota}, author={Oswalt, Christopher M. and Fei, Songlin and Guo, Qinfeng and Iannone, Basil V., III and Oswalt, Sonja N. and Pijanowski, Bryan C. and Potter, Kevin M.}, year={2015}, month={Jan} }
 @article{guo_fei_dukes_oswalt_iannone_potter_2015, title={A unified approach for quantifying invasibility and degree of invasion}, volume={96}, DOI={10.1890/14-2172.1}, abstractNote={Habitat invasibility is a central focus of invasion biology, with implications for basic ecological patterns and processes and for effective invasion management. “Invasibility” is, however, one of the most elusive metrics and misused terms in ecology. Empirical studies and meta‐analyses of invasibility have produced inconsistent and even conflicting results. This lack of consistency, and subsequent difficulty in making broad cross‐habitat comparisons, stem in part from (1) the indiscriminant use of a closely related, but fundamentally different concept, that of degree of invasion (DI) or level of invasion; and (2) the lack of common invasibility metrics, as illustrated by our review of all invasibility‐related papers published in 2013. To facilitate both cross‐habitat comparison and more robust ecological generalizations, we clarify the definitions of invasibility and DI, and for the first time propose a common metric for quantifying invasibility based on a habitat's resource availability as inferred from relative resident species richness and biomass. We demonstrate the feasibility of our metric using empirical data collected from 2475 plots from three forest ecosystems in the eastern United States. We also propose a similar metric for DI. Our unified, resource‐based metrics are scaled from 0 to 1, facilitating cross‐habitat comparisons. Our proposed metrics clearly distinguish invasibility and DI from each other, which will help to (1) advance invasion ecology by allowing more robust testing of generalizations and (2) facilitate more effective invasive species control and management.}, number={10}, journal={Ecology}, publisher={Wiley-Blackwell}, author={Guo, Qinfeng and Fei, Songlin and Dukes, Jeffrey S. and Oswalt, Christopher M. and Iannone, Basil V., III and Potter, Kevin M.}, year={2015}, month={Oct}, pages={2613–2621} }
 @article{guo_fei_dukes_oswalt_iannone_potter_2015, title={A unified approach to quantify invisibility and degree of invasion}, volume={95}, DOI={10.1890/14-2172.1.sm}, number={10}, journal={Ecology}, author={Guo, Q. and Fei, S. and Dukes, J.S. and Oswalt, C.M. and Iannone, B.V. and Potter, K.M.}, year={2015}, pages={2613–2621} }
 @inbook{potter_2015, title={Assessing forest tree risk of extinction and genetic degradation from climate change}, booktitle={Forest Health Monitoring: National Status, Trends and Analysis, 2014}, publisher={Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Research & Development, Southern Research Station}, author={Potter, K. M.}, editor={Potter, Kevin M. and Conkling, Barbara L.Editors}, year={2015}, pages={177–184} }
 @article{iannone_potter_guo_liebhold_pijanowski_oswalt_fei_2015, title={Biological invasion hotspots: a trait-based perspective reveals new sub-continental patterns}, volume={39}, ISSN={0906-7590}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ecog.01973}, DOI={10.1111/ecog.01973}, abstractNote={Invader traits (including plant growth form) may play an important, and perhaps overlooked, role in determining macroscale patterns of biological invasions and therefore warrant greater consideration in future investigations aimed at understanding these patterns. To assess this need, we used empirical data from a national‐level survey of forest in the contiguous 48 states of the USA to identify geographic hotspots of forest plant invasion for three distinct invasion characteristics: invasive species richness, trait richness (defined as the number of the five following plant growth forms represented by the invasive plants present at a given location: forbs, grasses, shrubs, trees, and vines), and species richness within each growth form. Three key findings emerged. 1) The hotspots identified encompassed from 9 to 23% of the total area of our study region, thereby revealing many forests to be not only invaded, but highly invaded. 2) Substantial spatial disagreement among hotspots of invasive species richness, invasive trait richness, and species richness of invasive plants within each growth form revealed many locations to be hotspots for invader traits, or for particular growth forms of invasive plants, rather than for invasive plants in general. 3) Despite eastern forests exhibiting higher levels of plant invasion than western forests, species richness for invasive forbs and grasses in the west were respectively greater than and equivalent to levels found in the east. Contrasting patterns between eastern and western forests in the number of invasive species detected for each growth form combined with the spatial disagreement found among hotspot types suggests trait‐based variability in invasion drivers. Our findings reveal invader traits to be an important contributor to macroscale invasion patterns.}, number={10}, journal={Ecography}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Iannone, Basil V., III and Potter, Kevin M. and Guo, Qinfeng and Liebhold, Andrew M. and Pijanowski, Bryan C. and Oswalt, Christopher M. and Fei, Songlin}, year={2015}, month={Dec}, pages={961–969} }
 @article{potter_koch_oswalt_iannone_basil_2015, title={Data, data everywhere: detecting spatial patterns in fine-scale ecological information collected across a continent}, volume={31}, ISSN={0921-2973 1572-9761}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-015-0295-0}, DOI={10.1007/s10980-015-0295-0}, number={1}, journal={Landscape Ecology}, publisher={Springer Nature}, author={Potter, Kevin and Koch, F. H. and Oswalt, C. M. and Iannone and Basil, V.}, year={2015}, month={Oct}, pages={67–84} }
 @article{iannone_potter_hamil_huang_zhang_guo_oswalt_woodall_fei_2015, title={Evidence of biotic resistance to invasions in forests of the Eastern USA}, volume={31}, ISSN={0921-2973 1572-9761}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-015-0280-7}, DOI={10.1007/s10980-015-0280-7}, number={1}, journal={Landscape Ecology}, publisher={Springer Nature}, author={Iannone, Basil V. and Potter, Kevin M. and Hamil, Kelly-Ann Dixon and Huang, Whitney and Zhang, Hao and Guo, Qinfeng and Oswalt, Christopher M. and Woodall, Christopher W. and Fei, Songlin}, year={2015}, month={Oct}, pages={85–99} }
 @book{potter_conkling_2015, title={Forest Health Monitoring: National Status, Trends and Analysis, 2013: General technical report SRS; no.207}, journal={Technical Report- Not held in TRLN member libraries}, institution={Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Research & Development, Southern Research Station}, author={Potter, Kevin M. and Conkling, Barbara L.}, year={2015} }
 @article{genetic assessment of ponderosa pine (pinus ponderosa) at regnier ponderosa-pinyon pine natural area, oklahoma_2015, DOI={10.13140/rg.2.1.3109.0086}, journal={US Forest Service, National Genetics Laboratory}, year={2015} }
 @book{heath_anderson_emery_hicke_littell_lucier_masek_peterson_pouyat_potter_et al._2015, title={Indicators of climate impacts for forests: recommendations for the US National Climate Assessment indicators system}, DOI={10.2737/nrs-gtr-155}, abstractNote={The Third National Climate Assessment (NCA) process for the United States focused in part on developing a system of indicators to communicate key aspects of the physical climate, climate impacts, vulnerabilities, and preparedness to inform decisionmakers and the public. Initially, 13 active teams were formed to recommend indicators in a range of categories, including forest, agriculture, grassland, phenology, mitigation, and physical climate. This publication describes the work of the Forest Indicators Technical Team. We briefly describe the NCA indicator system effort, propose and explain our conceptual model for the forest system, present our methods, and discuss our recommendations. Climate is only one driver of changes in U.S. forests; other drivers include socioeconomic drivers such as population and culture, and other environmental drivers such as nutrients, light, and disturbance. We offer additional details of our work for transparency and to inform an NCA indicator Web portal. We recommend metrics for 11 indicators of climate impacts on forest, spanning the range of important aspects of forest as an ecological type and as a sector. Some indicators can be reported in a Web portal now; others need additional work for reporting in the near future. Indicators such as budburst, which are important to forest but more relevant to other NCA indicator teams, are identified. Potential indicators that need more research are also presented.}, institution={USDA Forest Service}, author={Heath, Linda S. and Anderson, Sarah M. and Emery, Marla R. and Hicke, Jeffrey A. and Littell, Jeremy and Lucier, Alan and Masek, Jeffrey G. and Peterson, David L. and Pouyat, Richard and Potter, Kevin M. and et al.}, year={2015} }
 @inbook{potter_2015, title={Introduction}, booktitle={Forest Health Monitoring: National Status, Trends and Analysis, 2013}, publisher={Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Research & Development, Southern Research Station}, author={Potter, K.}, editor={Potter, Kevin M. and Conkling, Barbara L.Editors}, year={2015}, pages={5–15} }
 @inbook{potter_2015, title={Large-scale patterns of forest fire occurrence in the conterminous United States and Alaska, 2012}, booktitle={Forest Health Monitoring: National Status, Trends and Analysis, 2013}, publisher={Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Research & Development, Southern Research Station}, author={Potter, K.}, editor={Potter, Kevin M. and Conkling, Barbara L.Editors}, year={2015}, pages={37–53} }
 @inbook{potter_paschke_2015, title={Large-scale patterns of insect and disease activity in the conterminous United States and Alaska from the national insect and disease survey, 2012}, booktitle={Forest Health Monitoring: National Status, Trends and Analysis, 2013}, publisher={Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Research & Development, Southern Research Station}, author={Potter, K. and Paschke, J. L.}, editor={Potter, Kevin M. and Conkling, Barbara L.Editors}, year={2015}, pages={19–36} }
 @inbook{potter_paschke_2015, title={Large-scale patterns of insect and disease activity in the conterminous United States, Alaska and Hawaii from the national insect and disease survey, 2013}, booktitle={Forest Health Monitoring: National Status, Trends and Analysis, 2014}, publisher={Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Research & Development, Southern Research Station}, author={Potter, K.M. and Paschke, J.L.}, editor={Potter, Kevin M. and Conkling, Barbara L.Editors}, year={2015}, pages={19–38} }
 @article{fei_guo_potter_2015, title={Macrosystems ecology: novel methods and new understanding of multi-scale patterns and processes}, volume={31}, ISSN={0921-2973 1572-9761}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-015-0315-0}, DOI={10.1007/s10980-015-0315-0}, abstractNote={As the global biomes are increasingly threatened by human activities, understanding of macroscale patterns and processes is pressingly needed for effective management and policy making. Macrosystems ecology, which studies multiscale ecological patterns and processes, has gained growing interest in the research community. However, as a relatively new field in ecology, research in macrosystems ecology is facing various challenges. In this special issue, we highlight the following two latest exciting developments in this thriving field: (1) novel tools and methods and (2) new understandings on macroscale patterns and processes. While we believe that the contributions featured in this issue provide promising advancements in macrosystems ecology, we also see multiple challenges for future research including (1) multidisciplinary approaches for long-term and multiscale studies and (2) scaling local patterns and processes to broader scales.}, number={1}, journal={Landscape Ecology}, publisher={Springer Nature}, author={Fei, Songlin and Guo, Qinfeng and Potter, Kevin}, year={2015}, month={Nov}, pages={1–6} }
 @article{potter_hipkins_mahalovich_means_2015, title={Nuclear genetic variation across the range of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa): Phylogeographic, taxonomic and conservation implications}, volume={11}, ISSN={1614-2942 1614-2950}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11295-015-0865-y}, DOI={10.1007/s11295-015-0865-y}, abstractNote={Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) is among the most broadly distributed conifer species of western North America, where it possesses considerable ecological, esthetic, and commercial value. It exhibits complicated patterns of morphological and genetic variation, suggesting that it may be in the process of differentiating into distinct regional lineages. A robust analysis of genetic variation across the ponderosa pine complex is necessary to ensure the effectiveness of management and conservation efforts given the species’ large distribution, the existence of many isolated disjunct populations, and the potential susceptibility of some populations to climate change and other threats. We used highly polymorphic nuclear microsatellite markers and isozyme markers from 3113 trees in 104 populations to assess genetic variation and structure across the geographic range of ponderosa pine. The results reveal pervasive inbreeding and patterns of genetic diversity consistent with the hypothesis that ponderosa existed in small, as-yet-undetected Pleistocene glacial refugia north of southern Arizona and New Mexico. The substructuring of genetic variation within the species complex was consistent with its division into two varieties, with genetic clusters within varieties generally associated with latitudinal zones. The analyses indicate widespread gene flow and/or recent common ancestry among genetic clusters within varieties, but not between varieties. Isolated disjunct populations had lower genetic variation by some measures and greater genetic differentiation than main-range populations. These results should be useful for decision-making and conservation planning related to this widespread and important species.}, number={3}, journal={Tree Genetics & Genomes}, publisher={Springer Nature}, author={Potter, Kevin M. and Hipkins, Valerie D. and Mahalovich, Mary F. and Means, Robert E.}, year={2015}, month={Apr} }
 @article{iannone_oswalt_liebhold_guo_potter_nunez-mir_oswalt_pijanowski_fei_2015, title={Region-specific patterns and drivers of macroscale forest plant invasions}, volume={21}, ISSN={1366-9516}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12354}, DOI={10.1111/ddi.12354}, abstractNote={Stronger inferences about biological invasions may be obtained when accounting for multiple invasion measures and the spatial heterogeneity occurring across large geographic areas. We pursued this enquiry by utilizing a multimeasure, multiregional framework to investigate forest plant invasions at a subcontinental scale.}, number={10}, journal={Diversity and Distributions}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Iannone, Basil V., III and Oswalt, Christopher M. and Liebhold, Andrew M. and Guo, Qinfeng and Potter, Kevin M. and Nunez-Mir, Gabriela C. and Oswalt, Sonja N. and Pijanowski, Bryan C. and Fei, Songlin}, editor={Bradley, BethanyEditor}, year={2015}, month={Jul}, pages={1181–1192} }
 @article{potter_woodall_2014, title={Does biodiversity make a difference? Relationships between species richness, evolutionary diversity, and aboveground live tree biomass across U.S. forests}, volume={321}, ISSN={0378-1127}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2013.06.026}, DOI={10.1016/j.foreco.2013.06.026}, abstractNote={Biodiversity conveys numerous functional benefits to forested ecosystems, including community stability and resilience. In the context of managing forests for climate change mitigation/adaptation, maximizing and/or maintaining aboveground biomass will require understanding the interactions between tree biodiversity, site productivity, and the stocking of live trees. Species richness may not be the most appropriate tree biodiversity metric in this context as it weights all species as equally important. Measures that account for evolutionary relationships among species should be more biologically meaningful surrogates of functional diversity within forest communities, given that more phylogenetically distinct species should contribute more to the diversity of traits within a community. Using data from approximately 79,000 permanent and standardized forest inventory plots across the United States, we assessed trends in live aboveground tree biomass (LAGB) in relation to metrics of forest tree biodiversity at national and regional scales, controlling for site productivity and live tree stocking. These metrics included four measures of evolutionary diversity associated with distinct components of functional variation. In certain situations and locations across the U.S., evolutionary diversity metrics supply additional information about forest stands beyond that provided by simple species richness counts. This information can potentially include critical insight into tree functional attributes inherently related to evolutionary diversity. Relationships nationally between LAGB and most biodiversity metrics weakened with increasing site productivity and with increasing live tree stocking: The greater the site productivity and tree stocking, the less likely that higher biodiversity was associated with greater LAGB. This is consistent with the expectation that the coexistence of functionally different species increases forest productivity in less productive and more stressful environments, while dominant and highly productive species are able to competitively dominate in more productive habitats. Phylogenetic species clustering (PSC) was increasingly correlated with LAGB as live tree stocking increased on low-productivity sites, suggesting that the co-occurrence of tree species more widely distributed across the phylogenetic tree of life, and therefore likely possessing a wider variety of functional attributes, resulted in greater biomass accumulation on poorer sites. PSC and species richness appear to be the best biodiversity predictors for LAGB on the low-productivity sites likely to be most important for carbon/biomass management. These biodiversity metrics will be important for maximizing biomass/carbon for future carbon sequestration or bioenergy needs and should serve as indicators of forest function in forest resource assessments.}, journal={Forest Ecology and Management}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Potter, Kevin M. and Woodall, Christopher W.}, year={2014}, month={Jun}, pages={117–129} }
 @book{forest health monitoring: national status, trends and analysis, 2012_2014, DOI={10.13140/2.1.4866.5288}, journal={U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Southern Research Station}, year={2014} }
 @book{potter_conkling_2014, title={Forest Health Monitoring: National Status, Trends and Analysis, 2012: General technical report SRS; no.198}, journal={Technical Report- Not held in TRLN member libraries}, institution={Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Research & Development, Southern Research Station}, author={Potter, Kevin M. and Conkling, Barbara L.}, editor={Potter, Kevin M. and Conkling, Barbara L.Editors}, year={2014} }
 @article{genetic assessment of ponderosa pine (pinus ponderosa) sites in the big hole river region, beaverhead county, montana_2014, DOI={10.13140/rg.2.1.2035.8568}, journal={US Forest Service, National Genetics Laboratory}, year={2014} }
 @article{genetic assessment of ponderosa pine (pinus ponderosa) sites within the proposed wah wah mountains area of critical environmental concern (acec), millard county and iron county, utah_2014, DOI={10.13140/rg.2.1.3895.4404}, journal={US Forest Service, National Genetics Laboratory}, year={2014} }
 @article{genetic assessment of ponderosa pine (pinus ponderosa) at lassen volcanic national park, california_2014, DOI={10.13140/rg.2.1.4788.3683}, journal={US Forest Service, National Genetics Laboratory}, year={2014} }
 @article{genetic assessment of ponderosa pine (pinus ponderosa) at lava beds national monument, california_2014, DOI={10.13140/rg.2.1.1511.5680}, journal={US Forest Service, National Genetics laboratory}, year={2014} }
 @article{genetic assessment of ponderosa pine (pinus ponderosa) at rocky mountain national park, colorado_2014, DOI={10.13140/rg.2.1.2584.7209}, journal={US Forest Service, National Genetics Laboratory}, year={2014} }
 @article{genetic assessment of ponderosa pine (pinus ponderosa) at sagauro national park, arizona_2014, DOI={10.13140/rg.2.1.1274.0003}, journal={US Forest Service, National Genetics laboratory}, year={2014} }
 @article{genetic assessment of ponderosa pine (pinus ponderosa) at yosemite national park, california_2014, DOI={10.13140/rg.2.1.3764.3680}, journal={US Forest Service, National Genetics laboratory}, year={2014} }
 @article{genetic assessment of ponderosa pine (pinus ponderosa) within glacier national park, montana_2014, DOI={10.13140/rg.2.1.3084.4323}, journal={US Forest Service, National Genetics laboratory}, year={2014} }
 @inbook{potter_2014, title={Introduction}, booktitle={Forest Health Monitoring: National Status, Trends and Analysis, 2012}, publisher={Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Research & Development, Southern Research Station}, author={Potter, K.M.}, editor={Potter, Kevin M. and Conkling, Barbara L.Editors}, year={2014} }
 @article{large-scale patterns of forest fire occurrence in the conterminous united states and alaska, 2011_2014, DOI={10.13140/2.1.1720.8009}, journal={Unpublished}, year={2014} }
 @inbook{potter_2014, title={Large-scale patterns of forest fire occurrence in the conterminous United States and Alaska, 2011}, booktitle={Forest Health Monitoring: National Status, Trends and Analysis, 2012}, publisher={Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Research & Development, Southern Research Station}, author={Potter, K.M.}, editor={Potter, Kevin M. and Conkling, Barbara L.Editors}, year={2014}, pages={35–48} }
 @article{large-scale patterns of insect and disease activity in the conterminous united states and alaska from the national insect and disease survey, 2011_2014, DOI={10.13140/2.1.3817.9522}, journal={Unpublished}, year={2014} }
 @inbook{potter_paschke_2014, title={Large-scale patterns of insect and disease activity in the conterminous United States and Alaska from the national insect and disease survey, 2011}, booktitle={Forest Health Monitoring: National Status, Trends and Analysis, 2012}, publisher={Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Research & Development, Southern Research Station}, author={Potter, K.M. and Paschke, J.L.}, editor={Potter, Kevin M. and Conkling, Barbara L.Editors}, year={2014} }
 @article{potter_koch_2014, title={Patterns of Forest Phylogenetic Community Structure across the United States and Their Possible Forest Health Implications}, volume={60}, ISSN={0015-749X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.5849/forsci.13-115}, DOI={10.5849/forsci.13-115}, abstractNote={The analysis of phylogenetic relationships among co-occurring tree species offers insights into the ecological organization of forest communities from an evolutionary perspective and, when employed regionally across thousands of plots, can assist in forest health assessment. Phylogenetic clustering of species, when species are more closely related than expected by chance, suggests a process of evolutionary niche conservatism. Because such communities share much evolutionary history and an affinity for similar environmental conditions, they may be particularly susceptible to threats such as insects and diseases and shifting climate conditions. Meanwhile, a pattern of phylogenetic evenness, in which the species are less closely related than by chance, may indicate competitive exclusion or interspecies facilitation. The ecological integrity of such communities may be less at risk because they may encompass a wider variety of evolutionary adaptations. Using a network of more than 100,000 forest inventory plots across the conterminous United States, we tested whether community phylogenetic structure was significantly clustered or even at multiple scales. Clustering predominated across most of the study area, indicating the widespread significance of evolutionary niche conservatism, except in areas of the west. Phylogenetic structure varied along environmental gradients, suggesting that clustering predominates in more favorable locations and evenness predominates in areas with harsher environments. These results have implications for broad-scale forest health monitoring.}, number={5}, journal={Forest Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Potter, Kevin M. and Koch, Frank H.}, year={2014}, month={Oct}, pages={851–861} }
 @article{prestemon_abt_potter_koch_2013, title={An Economic Assessment of Mountain Pine Beetle Timber Salvage in the West}, volume={28}, ISSN={0885-6095}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.5849/wjaf.12-032}, DOI={10.5849/wjaf.12-032}, abstractNote={reduction treatments in the West (Barbour et al. 2008), to quantify the jobs and biomass production impacts of these treatments (Abt et al. 2011), and to evaluate whether wildfire hazard reduction treatments yield overall net benefits on timberlands of the West (Prestemon et al. 2012). Model The EBR model is a multiyear two-stage goal and spatial equilibrium program, and it was modified for this study to model the economic feasibility of salvage of dead timber on public and private lands in the West. Although details of the model, including its mathematical formulation, are provided in Prestemon et al. (2008, 2012), describing the modeling framework is important for understanding the current study. EBR can be run for a single year or multiple years, treating timberland (salvaging standing dead trees, in this study) each year according to a predefined set of objectives. After each simulated year, timber inventory data are updated, with the transition to the next year defined by stand growth, new mortality available for salvage, and the volumes removed in the previous year’s solution. The first stage of this revised version of the EBR model is a goal program that selects locations in the West to salvage timber by maximizing a goal-weighted sum of salvage volumes, subject to maximum and minimum harvest constraints, a feasible forest product market solution, and an assumed maximum amount of expenditures available to harvest and transport salvage timber to mills. The fundamental unit of information about timber volumes (salvage, nonsalvage) to which the goal weights are applied in the EBR model is the Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) plot. To allow for a reasonably fast solution, plot-level information is summed to a spatial and ownership aggregate. Plot-level information includes the average distance to the nearest five sawmills (which consume sawlogs) and the average distance to the two nearest pulp or pole mills (consuming the smaller diameter portions of trees in the stand). Other variables reported or calculated at the plot level include volumes by product category (merchantable live and dead sawlogs and pulpwood) and tree groups—ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa and P. lambertiana), lodgepole pine (P. contorta), southern pine (especially P. echinata, P. palustris, P. elliottii, P. taeda), other softwood, and hardwood; ownership (national forest, other public, private); LANDFIRE Map Zone (LANDFIRE 2010); the harvest cost for removing live or dead volumes; and, an administration cost of $200/acre for public and $100/acre for private timberland salvage. In this study, we aggregated plot-level information up to the map zone for each ownership group for each of the 12 western states in the contiguous United States. LANDFIRE map zones are generalized geographical units with similar ecological and biophysical characteristics. The 50 United States contain 79 such zones, which span state boundaries. The 12 states in this study contain 29 map zones, although the area and total standing timber volume found in these zones vary widely. Therefore, the basic modeling units, from which treatment volumes could be obtained in the first stage, are the map zone–ownership aggregates in each of the 12 western states. Depending on the simulation implemented (more information on the simulations is provided in the next section), treatment volumes selected in the first stage could be obtained from parts or all of one map zone–ownership aggregate. Harvest costs, timber volume information by species and live or dead status, and transport costs were expanded to the map zone–ownership aggregate using an area expansion factor. The result is a summary of the total area of stands of salvable timber in each map zone–ownership aggregate and for each of these the weighted average volumes per acre by species by product by live and salvable dead, weighted average transport distances to mills, and the weighted average harvest cost. Finally, the goal weights placed on map zone–ownership aggregates were the presolution net revenues of timber salvage removed; only dead standing salvable timber could be removed. The net revenue in the first stage is defined as the premarket solution value of salvaged sawlogs and pulpwood by species: the delivered volume multiplied by each product’s respective market price times a salvage discount factor minus the total stand’s harvest and transport costs per acre. As defined, net revenues can be negative. In effect, the EBR model had an ordered preference for salvage of timberlands according to their per acre net revenues. The second stage of the EBR model maximizes, subject to the salvage volumes selected in the first stage in each map zone–ownership aggregate location, the sum of timber product producer and consumer surplus minus transport costs for harvested volumes of both salvage and nonsalvage timber moving across state and international borders (Samuelson 1952, Takayama and Judge 1964). The basic timber product market modeling unit—two levels of aggregation higher than the map zone–ownership—in which equilibrium product prices by species group are obtained, is the state. Trade restrictions that ban exports of roundwood flowing from western US federal lands are imposed. State level maximum processed volumes are determined by state-level mill capacities that act as a physical limit on the volume of timber products that can be processed within the state without new processing capacity being added. We allow these capacities to be exceeded by up to 30% to reflect the possibility of adding shifts to existing mills (Prestemon et al. 2008). The EBR model also allows for the siting of new processing capacity, although this is not implemented endogenously (as in Ince et al. 2008). The second stage optimal solution is a set of market equilibrium product prices, and the volumes by species of timber salvaged (and harvested nonsalvage) produced in each state, consumed at mills in each location, and traded across state and international borders. The result of a set of a multiyear simulations run by the EBR model is an assessment of the net revenue impacts of salvage on national forests, other public, and private lands in the 12 contiguous western US states. In this study, we further summarize the results in terms of salvage costs and salvage revenues by state and ownership group. While not reported in this study, model outputs also include prices and economic welfare changes resulting from changes in salvage. Such changes may be of interest when seeking to quantify how salvage negatively impacts the welfare of owners of nonsalvage timber (e.g., Prestemon and Holmes 2004, Prestemon et al. 2006). It is worth noting, however, that the net revenues generated from salvage on private lands are gross, before taxes. By varying an assumption on the magnitude of a government program to salvage national forest, other public, or private timber, we describe how the geographical focus of a government-subsidized or national forest salvage program might shift across states in the West. By carrying out a “what-if” scenario that tests the effects of a doubling of the total mill capacity in two states of the West that have been heavily affected by the mountain pine beetle—Montana and Colorado—we examine how efforts to encourage or subsidize the consumption of salvaged timber would affect net revenues of salvage obtained by timberland owners (public and private). Finally, by altering our assumption about the regular accumulation of additional standing volumes of 144 WEST. J. APPL. FOR. 28(4) 2013 salvage timber—from a set annual percentage increase to no more accumulation of standing dead timber—we assess how the spatial targeting of salvage efforts on national forests and other lands would be affected. Data Timber inventory data from Forest Service FIA surveys were assembled for all timberland that is open to harvest and not protected by easements or otherwise set aside for conservation purposes in 12 western US states. The survey years used for each state are reported in Table 1. Data are summarized by owner group (all owners and national forests only), by species group (ponderosa pine, lodgepole pine, other softwood, and hardwood), and by product (sawtimber—representing the cubic foot volume in the sawlog portion of the tree—and pulpwood—representing all other growing stock volume in the tree). Trees coded as standing dead had only total volume measured, so allocations to sawtimber and pulpwood were assumed to be identical to the overall share of sawtimber and pulpwood found in the live trees on the plot, if any. Forested plots without live trees were assumed to have a sawtimber share of standing volume equal to 0.8. Further information on FIA methods can be found in Bechtold and Patterson (2005). While initial interest was in modeling salvage of only MPB-killed stands, the FIA data did not offer the option to restrict the volume and acreage data for dead timber based on the cause of mortality. While some information on MPB-affected forests in the West is available from aerial detection surveys, the data produced by these surveys (e.g., Backsen and Howell 2013) were not suitable for our study (see Meddens et al. 2012). Although modeling the salvage of timber killed by all causes is not the same as modeling the salvage of MPB-killed trees, salvage operations should be indifferent to the cause of mortality. One advantage of employing FIA data is that plots are measured on a representative sample frame and, therefore, have a level of accuracy that provides greater confidence in simulated salvage programs. FIA plots have representative samples of species, sizes of trees, and site conditions, which allow for accurate assessments of both the materials that can be removed during salvage and the costs of removal of salvable timber. Salvage volume adjustment factors were applied to the standing timber, with an assumption that the net salvable volume}, number={4}, journal={Western Journal of Applied Forestry}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Prestemon, Jeffrey P. and Abt, Karen L. and Potter, Kevin M. and Koch, Frank H.}, year={2013}, month={Oct}, pages={143–153} }
 @inbook{potter_2013, title={Chapter 1: Introduction}, booktitle={Forest Health Monitoring: National Status, Trends and Analysis, 2010}, publisher={Asheville, NC : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station}, author={Potter, Kevin M.}, editor={Potter, Kevin M. and Conkling, Barbara L.Editors}, year={2013}, pages={5–12} }
 @inbook{potter_2013, title={Chapter 2: Large-scale patterns of insect and disease activity in the conterminous United States and Alaska from the national insect and disease detection survey, 2009}, booktitle={Forest Health Monitoring: National Status, Trends and Analysis, 2010}, publisher={Asheville, NC : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station}, author={Potter, Kevin M.}, editor={Potter, Kevin M. and Conkling, Barbara L.Editors}, year={2013}, pages={15–29} }
 @inbook{potter_2013, title={Chapter 3: Large-scale patterns of forest fire occurrence in the conterminous United States and Alaska, 2009}, booktitle={Forest Health Monitoring: National Status, Trends and Analysis, 2010}, publisher={Asheville, NC : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station}, author={Potter, Kevin M.}, editor={Potter, Kevin M. and Conkling, Barbara L.Editors}, year={2013}, pages={31–39} }
 @book{potter_conkling_2013, title={Forest health monitoring: National status, trends and analysis, 2010}, volume={SRS-176}, journal={Technical Report- Not held in TRLN member libraries}, institution={Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station}, author={Potter, K. M. and Conkling, B. L.}, year={2013}, pages={162} }
 @inbook{potter_2013, title={Introduction}, booktitle={Forest Health Monitoring: National Status, Trends and Analysis, 2011}, publisher={Asheville, NC : U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Research & Development, Southern Research Station}, author={Potter, Kevin M.}, editor={Kevin M. Potter, Barbara L. ConklingEditor}, year={2013}, pages={5–12} }
 @inbook{potter_2013, title={Large-scale patterns of forest fire occurrence in the conterminous United States and Alaska, 2010}, booktitle={Forest Health Monitoring: National Status, Trends and Analysis, 2011}, publisher={Asheville, NC : U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Research & Development, Southern Research Station}, author={Potter, Kevin M.}, editor={Kevin M. Potter, Barbara L. ConklingEditor}, year={2013}, pages={29–40} }
 @inbook{potter_2013, title={Large-scale patterns of insect and disease activity in the conterminous United States and Alaska from the national insect and disease detection survey database, 2010}, booktitle={Forest Health Monitoring: National Status, Trends and Analysis, 2011}, publisher={Asheville, NC : U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Research & Development, Southern Research Station}, author={Potter, Kevin M.}, editor={Kevin M. Potter, Barbara L. ConklingEditor}, year={2013}, pages={15–28} }
 @article{potter_hipkins_mahalovich_means_2013, title={Mitochondrial DNA haplotype distribution patterns in Pinus ponderosa
 (Pinaceae): Range-wide evolutionary history and implications for conservation}, volume={100}, ISSN={0002-9122}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1300039}, DOI={10.3732/ajb.1300039}, abstractNote={• Premise of the study: Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex P. Lawson & C. Lawson) exhibits complicated patterns of morphological and genetic variation across its range in western North America. This study aims to clarify P. ponderosa evolutionary history and phylogeography using a highly polymorphic mitochondrial DNA marker, with results offering insights into how geographical and climatological processes drove the modern evolutionary structure of tree species in the region.}, number={8}, journal={American Journal of Botany}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Potter, Kevin M. and Hipkins, Valerie D. and Mahalovich, Mary F. and Means, Robert E.}, year={2013}, month={Aug}, pages={1562–1579} }
 @article{potter_2013, title={Quantitative metrics for assessing predicted climate change pressure on North American tree species}, volume={5}, number={2}, journal={Mathematical and Computational Forestry & Natural-Resource Sciences}, author={Potter, Kevin M.}, year={2013}, pages={151–169} }
 @book{potter_conkling_2013, title={http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/49266}, volume={SRS-185}, institution={Asheville, NC : U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Research & Development, Southern Research Station}, author={Potter, Kevin M. and Conkling, Barbara L.}, year={2013}, pages={149} }
 @inbook{potter_2012, title={Chapter 1: Introduction}, booktitle={Forest Health Monitoring 2008 National Technical Report}, publisher={Asheville, NC : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station}, author={Potter, Kevin M.}, editor={Kevin M. Potter and Conkling, Barbara L.Editors}, year={2012}, pages={9–19} }
 @inbook{potter_2012, title={Chapter 2: Evolutionary diversity and phylogenic community structure of forest trees across the conterminous United States}, booktitle={Forest Health Monitoring 2008 National Technical Report}, publisher={Asheville, NC : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station}, author={Potter, Kevin M.}, editor={Kevin M. Potter and Conkling, Barbara L.Editors}, year={2012}, pages={21–38} }
 @inbook{potter_2012, title={Chapter 4: Large-scale patterns of insect and disease activity in the conterminous United States and Alaska from the national insect and disease detection survey database, 2007 and 2008}, booktitle={Forest Health Monitoring 2009 National Technical Report}, publisher={Asheville, NC : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station}, author={Potter, Kevin M.}, editor={Potter, Kevin M. and Conkling, Barbara L.Editors}, year={2012}, pages={63–78} }
 @inbook{potter_smith_2012, title={Chapter 5: Large-scale assessment of invasiveness and potential for ecological impact by non-native tree species}, booktitle={Forest Health Monitoring 2009 National Technical Report}, publisher={Asheville, NC : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station}, author={Potter, Kevin M. and Smith, William D.}, editor={Potter, Kevin M. and Conkling, Barbara L.Editors}, year={2012}, pages={79–94} }
 @inbook{potter_koch_2012, title={Chapter 5: Large-scale patterns of insect and disease activity in the conterminous United States and Alaska, 2006}, booktitle={Forest health monitoring : 2008 national technical report}, publisher={Asheville, NC : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station}, author={Potter, K.M. and Koch, F.H.}, editor={Kevin M. Potter and Conkling, Barbara L.Editors}, year={2012}, pages={63–72} }
 @inbook{potter_2012, title={Chapter 6: Large-scale patterns of forest fire occurrence in the conterminous United States and Alaska, 2005-07}, booktitle={Forest Health Monitoring 2008 National Technical Report}, publisher={Asheville, NC : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station}, author={Potter, Kevin M.}, editor={Kevin M. Potter and Conkling, Barbara L.Editors}, year={2012}, pages={73–83} }
 @inbook{potter_2012, title={Chapter 9: Large-scale patterns of forest fire occurrence in the conterminous United States and Alaska, 2001-08}, booktitle={Forest Health Monitoring 2009 National Technical Report}, publisher={Asheville, NC : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station}, author={Potter, Kevin M.}, editor={Potter, Kevin M. and Conkling, Barbara L.Editors}, year={2012}, pages={151–162} }
 @article{potter_hargrove_2012, title={Determining suitable locations for seed transfer under climate change: a global quantitative method}, volume={43}, ISSN={0169-4286 1573-5095}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11056-012-9322-z}, DOI={10.1007/s11056-012-9322-z}, abstractNote={Changing climate conditions will complicate efforts to match seed sources with the environments to which they are best adapted. Tree species distributions may have to shift to match new environmental conditions, potentially requiring the establishment of some species entirely outside of their current distributions to thrive. Even within the portions of tree species ranges that remain generally suitable for the species, local populations may not be well-adapted to altered local conditions. To assist efforts to restore forests and to maximize forest productivity in the face of climate change, we developed a set of 30,000 quantitatively defined seed transfer “ecoregions” across the globe. Reflecting current and future conditions, these were created by combining global maps of potentially important environmental characteristics using a large-scale statistical clustering technique. This approach assigns every 4 km2 terrestrial raster cell into an ecoregion using non-hierarchical clustering of the cells in multivariate space based on 16 environmental variables. Two cells anywhere on the map with similar combinations of environmental characteristics are located near each other in this data space; cells are then classified into relatively homogeneous ecoregion clusters. Using two global circulation models and two emissions scenarios, we next mapped the predicted environmentally equivalent future locations of each ecoregion in 2050 and 2100. We further depicted areas of decreasing environmental similarity to given ecoregions, both in current time and under climate change. This approach could help minimize the risk that trees used for production, restoration, reforestation, and afforestation are maladapted to their planting sites.}, number={5-6}, journal={New Forests}, publisher={Springer Nature}, author={Potter, Kevin M. and Hargrove, William W.}, year={2012}, month={Apr}, pages={581–599} }
 @book{potter_conkling_2012, title={Forest Health Monitoring 2008 National Technical Report}, volume={SRS-158}, journal={Technical Report- Not held in TRLN member libraries}, institution={Asheville, NC : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station}, author={Potter, K.M. and Conkling, B.L.}, editor={Kevin M. Potter and Conkling, Barbara L.Editors}, year={2012}, pages={179 p.} }
 @book{potter_m._conkling_2012, title={Forest Health Monitoring 2009 National Technical Report}, volume={SRS-167}, journal={Technical Report- Not held in TRLN member libraries}, institution={Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station}, author={Potter, K and M. and Conkling, B. L.}, year={2012} }
 @inproceedings{potter_s._2012, title={Silviculture and the assessment of climate change genetic risk for Southern Appalachian forest tree species}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 16th Biennial Southern Silvicultural Research Conference}, author={Potter, Kevin M. and S., Crane Barbara}, year={2012}, pages={257–258} }
 @article{potter_woodall_2012, title={Trends over time in tree and seedling phylogenetic diversity indicate regional differences in forest biodiversity change}, volume={22}, ISSN={1051-0761}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/10-2137.1}, DOI={10.1890/10-2137.1}, abstractNote={Changing climate conditions may impact the short‐term ability of forest tree species to regenerate in many locations. In the longer term, tree species may be unable to persist in some locations while they become established in new places. Over both time frames, forest tree biodiversity may change in unexpected ways. Using repeated inventory measurements five years apart from more than 7000 forested plots in the eastern United States, we tested three hypotheses: phylogenetic diversity is substantially different from species richness as a measure of biodiversity; forest communities have undergone recent changes in phylogenetic diversity that differ by size class, region, and seed dispersal strategy; and these patterns are consistent with expected early effects of climate change. Specifically, the magnitude of diversity change across broad regions should be greater among seedlings than in trees, should be associated with latitude and elevation, and should be greater among species with high dispersal capacity. Our analyses demonstrated that phylogenetic diversity and species richness are decoupled at small and medium scales and are imperfectly associated at large scales. This suggests that it is appropriate to apply indicators of biodiversity change based on phylogenetic diversity, which account for evolutionary relationships among species and may better represent community functional diversity. Our results also detected broadscale patterns of forest biodiversity change that are consistent with expected early effects of climate change. First, the statistically significant increase over time in seedling diversity in the South suggests that conditions there have become more favorable for the reproduction and dispersal of a wider variety of species, whereas the significant decrease in northern seedling diversity indicates that northern conditions have become less favorable. Second, we found weak correlations between seedling diversity change and latitude in both zones, with stronger relationships apparent in some ecoregions. Finally, we detected broadscale seedling diversity increases among species with longer‐distance dispersal capacity, even in the northern zone, where overall seedling diversity declined. The statistical power and geographic extent of such analyses will increase as data become available over larger areas and as plot measurements are repeated at regular intervals over a longer period of time.}, number={2}, journal={Ecological Applications}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Potter, Kevin M. and Woodall, Christopher W.}, year={2012}, month={Mar}, pages={517–531} }
 @inbook{potter_2011, title={Chapter 9: Summary}, booktitle={Forest Health Monitoring 2007 National Technical Report}, publisher={Asheville, NC : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station}, author={Potter, Kevin M.}, year={2011}, pages={155–157} }
 @book{hipkins_potter_means_2011, title={Genetic Assessment of Ponderosa Pine (Pinus ponderosa) Sites within the Proposed Wah Wah Mountains Area of Critical Environmental Concern (ACEC), Millard County and Iron County, Utah}, journal={Technical Report- Not held in TRLN member libraries}, institution={Placerville, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, National Forest Genetics Laboratory}, author={Hipkins, V. D. and Potter, K. M. and Means, R.}, year={2011}, pages={6 p.} }
 @book{hipkins_potter_means_2011, title={Genetic Assessment of Ponderosa Pine (Pinus ponderosa) at the Big Hole Site, Beaverhead County, Montana}, journal={Technical Report- Not held in TRLN member libraries}, institution={Placerville, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, National Forest Genetics Laboratory}, author={Hipkins, V. D. and Potter, K. M. and Means, R.}, year={2011}, pages={6} }
 @book{hipkins_potter_means_2011, title={Genetic Assessment of Ponderosa Pine (Pinus ponderosa) at the Square S Gulch Site, Rio Blanco County, Colorado}, journal={Technical Report- Not held in TRLN member libraries}, institution={Placerville, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, National Forest Genetics Laboratory}, author={Hipkins, V.D. and Potter, K.M. and Means, R.}, year={2011}, pages={4} }
 @inproceedings{jetton_dvorak_potter_whittier_rhea_2011, title={Genetics and conservation of hemlock species threatened by the hemlock woolly adelgid}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 30th Southern Tree Improvement Conference}, author={Jetton, R. M. and Dvorak, W.S. and Potter, K. M. and Whittier, W. A. and Rhea, J.}, year={2011}, pages={81–87} }
 @article{potter_2011, title={Molecular approaches in natural resource conservation and management}, volume={27}, DOI={10.1007/s10980-011-9679-y}, number={3}, journal={Landscape Ecol}, publisher={Springer Science \mathplus Business Media}, author={Potter, Kevin M.}, year={2011}, month={Nov}, pages={467–468} }
 @article{potter_jetton_dvorak_hipkins_rhea_whittier_2011, title={Widespread inbreeding and unexpected geographic patterns of genetic variation in eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis), an imperiled North American conifer}, volume={13}, ISSN={1566-0621 1572-9737}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10592-011-0301-2}, DOI={10.1007/s10592-011-0301-2}, abstractNote={Eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis [L.] Carr.) is an ecologically important tree species experiencing severe mortality across much of its eastern North American distribution, caused by infestation of the exotic hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae Annand). To guide gene conservation strategies for this imperiled conifer, we conducted a range-wide genetic variation study for eastern hemlock, amplifying 13 highly polymorphic nuclear microsatellite loci in 1,180 trees across 60 populations. The results demonstrate that eastern hemlock exhibits moderate inbreeding, possibly a signature of a prehistoric decline associated with a widespread insect outbreak. Contrary to expectations, populations in formerly glaciated regions are not less genetically diverse than in the putative southern refugial region. As expected, peripheral disjunct populations are less genetically diverse than main-range populations, but some are highly genetically differentiated or contain unique alleles. Spatially explicit Bayesian clustering analyses suggest that three or four Pleistocene glacial refuges may have existed in the Southeastern United States, with a main post-glacial movement into the Northeast and the Great Lakes region. Efforts to conserve eastern hemlock genetic material should emphasize the capture of broad adaptability that occurs across the geographic range of the species, as well as genetic variability within regions with the highest allelic richness and heterozygosity, such as the Southern Appalachians and New England, and within disjunct populations that are genetically distinct. Much genetic variation exists in areas both infested and uninfested by the adelgid.}, number={2}, journal={Conservation Genetics}, publisher={Springer Nature}, author={Potter, Kevin M. and Jetton, Robert M. and Dvorak, William S. and Hipkins, Valerie D. and Rhea, Rusty and Whittier, W. Andrew}, year={2011}, month={Dec}, pages={475–498} }
 @inproceedings{potter_jetton_dvorak_frampton_rhea_2010, title={Ex situ seed collection represents genetic variation present in natural stands of Carolina hemlock}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Fifth Symposium on Hemlock Woolly Adelgid in the Eastern United States}, author={Potter, K.M. and Jetton, R.M. and Dvorak, W.S. and Frampton, J. and Rhea, J.}, year={2010}, pages={181–190} }
 @inproceedings{potter_hargrove_koch_2010, title={Predicting climate change extirpation risk for central and southern Appalachian forest tree species}, booktitle={Proceedings from the Conference on Ecology and Management of High-Elevation Forests of the Central and Southern Appalachian Mountains}, author={Potter, K.M. and Hargrove, W.W. and Koch, F.H.}, year={2010}, pages={179–189} }
 @article{potter_frampton_josserand_dana nelson_2009, title={Evolutionary history of two endemic Appalachian conifers revealed using microsatellite markers}, volume={11}, ISSN={1566-0621 1572-9737}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10592-009-9980-3}, DOI={10.1007/s10592-009-9980-3}, abstractNote={Fraser fir (Abies fraseri [Pursh] Poir.) and intermediate fir (Abies balsamea [L.] Mill. var. phanerolepis Fern.) exist in small populations in the Appalachian highlands of the southeastern United States. We used ten nuclear microsatellite markers to quantify genetic variation within Fraser fir and intermediate fir, and to examine their evolutionary relationships with the widespread balsam fir (Abies balsamea [L.] Mill.). We found little genetic differentiation among these taxa, suggesting that Fraser fir might best be classified as a variety of balsam fir. The results further appear to reject the hypothesis that intermediate fir was of hybrid origin between two comparatively distantly related species. Low levels of genetic diversity suggest that intermediate fir and Fraser fir have undergone at least some genetic degradation since post-Pleistocene isolation. The results may prove important for in situ and ex situ gene conservation efforts for Fraser fir and intermediate fir, which are imperiled by an exotic insect and by global climate change.}, number={4}, journal={Conservation Genetics}, publisher={Springer Nature}, author={Potter, Kevin M. and Frampton, John and Josserand, Sedley A. and Dana Nelson, C.}, year={2009}, month={Sep}, pages={1499–1513} }
 @inproceedings{potter_2009, title={From genes to ecosystems: Measuring evolutionary diversity and community structure with Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) data}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 2008 Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) Symposium}, author={Potter, Kevin M.}, year={2009}, pages={1 CD} }
 @article{dvorak_potter_hipkins_hodge_2009, title={Genetic Diversity and Gene Exchange in Pinus oocarpa, a Mesoamerican Pine with Resistance to the Pitch Canker Fungus (Fusarium circinatum)}, volume={170}, ISSN={1058-5893 1537-5315}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/597780}, DOI={10.1086/597780}, abstractNote={Eleven highly polymorphic microsatellite markers were used to determine the genetic structure and levels of diversity in 51 natural populations of Pinus oocarpa across its geographic range of 3000 km in Mesoamerica. The study also included 17 populations of Pinus patula and Pinus tecunumanii chosen for their resistance or susceptibility to the pitch canker fungus based on previous research. Seedlings from all 68 populations were screened for pitch canker resistance, and results were correlated to mean genetic diversity and collection site variables. Results indicate that P. oocarpa exhibits average to above‐average levels of genetic diversity (
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$$F_{\mathrm{IS}\,}=0.150$$
\end{document} ). Bayesian analysis grouped P. oocarpa into four genetic clusters highly correlated to geography and distinct from P. patula and P. tecunumanii. Historic gene flow across P. oocarpa clusters was observed (
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$$N_{\mathrm{m}\,}=1.1{\mbox{--}} 2.7$$
\end{document} ), but the most pronounced values were found between P. oocarpa and P. tecunumanii (low‐altitude provenances) in Central America (
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$$N_{\mathrm{m}\,}=9.7$$
\end{document} ). Pinus oocarpa appears to have two main centers of diversity, one in the Eje Transversal Volcánico in central Mexico and the other in Central America. Introgression between P. oocarpa and P. tecunumanii populations appears to be common. Pinus oocarpa populations showed high resistance to pitch canker (stemkill 3%–8%), a disease that the species has presumably coevolved with in Mesoamerica. Resistance was significantly correlated to the latitude, longitude, and altitude of the collection site but not to any genetic‐diversity parameters or degree of admixture with P. tecunumanii.}, number={5}, journal={International Journal of Plant Sciences}, publisher={University of Chicago Press}, author={Dvorak, W. S. and Potter, K. M. and Hipkins, V. D. and Hodge, G. R.}, year={2009}, month={Jun}, pages={609–626} }
 @inproceedings{jetton_dvorak_whittier_potter_2009, title={Genetics and conservation of hemlock species threatened by the hemlock woolly adelgid}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 20th U.S. Department of Agriculture Interagency Research Forum on Invasive Species}, author={Jetton, R.M. and Dvorak, W.S. and Whittier, W.A. and Potter, K.M.}, year={2009}, pages={39–40} }
 @article{potter_frampton_josserand_nelson_2008, title={Genetic variation and population structure in Fraser fir (Abies fraseri): a microsatellite assessment of young trees}, volume={38}, ISSN={0045-5067 1208-6037}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/X08-064}, DOI={10.1139/X08-064}, abstractNote={The island-like populations of Fraser fir ( Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.) have been isolated since the end of the late-Wisconsinian glaciation on the highest peaks of the Southern Appalachian Mountains and therefore offer an opportunity to investigate the genetic dynamics of a long-fragmented forest tree species. An analysis of eight microsatellite markers isolated from Fraser fir found that the species was out of Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, with a significant deficiency of heterozygosity and a high degree of inbreeding (FIS= 0.223) relative to other conifers, perhaps associated in part with the young life stage of the trees included in the analysis. The analysis detected a significant but small amount of genetic differentiation among Fraser fir populations (FST= 0.004) and revealed that the geographical and latitudinal distances between populations, but not population area, were significantly correlated with their pairwise genetic differences. Both gene flow and postglacial migration history may have influenced the genetic architecture of the species. The results will be useful in the genetic conservation of Fraser fir, a species experiencing severe mortality following infestation by an exotic insect.}, number={8}, journal={Canadian Journal of Forest Research}, publisher={Canadian Science Publishing}, author={Potter, Kevin M. and Frampton, John and Josserand, Sedley A. and Nelson, C. Dana}, year={2008}, month={Aug}, pages={2128–2137} }
 @article{josserand_potter_echt_nelson_2008, title={Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers for Carolina hemlock (Tsuga caroliniana)}, volume={8}, ISSN={1755-098X 1755-0998}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2008.02294.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1755-0998.2008.02294.x}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={6}, journal={Molecular Ecology Resources}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Josserand, S. A. and Potter, K. M. and Echt, C. S. and Nelson, C. D.}, year={2008}, month={Nov}, pages={1371–1374} }
 @inproceedings{jetton_whittier_dvorak_potter_2008, title={Status of ex situ conservation efforts for eastern and Carolina hemlock in the southeastern United States}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 4th Symposium on Hemlock Woolly Adelgid}, author={Jetton, R.M. and Whittier, W.A. and Dvorak, W.S. and Potter, K.M.}, year={2008}, pages={81–89} }
 @article{potter_dvorak_crane_hipkins_jetton_whittier_rhea_2007, title={Allozyme variation and recent evolutionary history of eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) in the southeastern United States}, volume={35}, ISSN={0169-4286 1573-5095}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11056-007-9067-2}, DOI={10.1007/s11056-007-9067-2}, abstractNote={Eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis [L.] Carr.) is a widespread and ecologically important conifer species of eastern North America that is threatened by the hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae Annand), a pest introduced into the United States from Asia in the 1920s. Information about the genetic composition of eastern hemlock is necessary to guide ex situ conservation efforts in the southeastern United States, where the species is expected to harbor relatively high amounts of genetic variation in areas of Pleistocene glacial refuge. Nineteen allozyme markers were used to quantify the genetic variation present in 20 eastern hemlock populations in the southeastern United States. Results indicate that the species has low levels of genetic diversity in the region compared to most other conifers, but greater population differentiation (F ST = 0.126). Populations along the eastern periphery and in the Appalachian interior exhibited higher levels of diversity than those along the western periphery of its geographic range. The results suggest that the glacial refuge area for eastern hemlock was likely located east of the southern Appalachian Mountains, and indicate that ex situ conservation seed collections should be concentrated in these areas of higher diversity.}, number={2}, journal={New Forests}, publisher={Springer Nature}, author={Potter, K. M. and Dvorak, W. S. and Crane, B. S. and Hipkins, V. D. and Jetton, R. M. and Whittier, W. A. and Rhea, R.}, year={2007}, month={Oct}, pages={131–145} }
 @article{potter_2006, title={Biological Resources and Migration}, volume={21}, ISSN={["1572-9761"]}, DOI={10.1007/s10980-005-2897-4}, number={4}, journal={LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY}, publisher={Springer Science \mathplus Business Media}, author={Potter, Kevin M.}, year={2006}, month={May}, pages={625–626} }
 @article{josserand_potter_johnson_bowen_frampton_nelson_2006, title={Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers in Fraser fir (Abies fraseri)}, volume={6}, ISSN={1471-8278 1471-8286}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2005.01138.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1471-8286.2005.01138.x}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={Molecular Ecology Notes}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Josserand, S. A. and Potter, K. M. and Johnson, G. and Bowen, J. A. and Frampton, J. and Nelson, C. D.}, year={2006}, month={Mar}, pages={65–68} }
 @inproceedings{potter_frampton_2005, title={An ex situ gene conservation plan for Fraser fir}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 28th Southern Forest Tree Improvement Conference}, author={Potter, K. M. and Frampton, J.}, year={2005}, pages={148–159} }
 @inproceedings{potter_frampton_potter_hess_2005, title={Fraser fir population size and pollen dispersal: a landscape genetics model}, booktitle={20th Annual Symposium for the US Regional Chapter of the International Association for Landscape Ecology}, author={Potter, K. M. and Frampton, J. and Potter, K. and Hess, G. R.}, year={2005} }
 @inproceedings{potter_frampton_sidebottom_2005, title={Impacts of balsam woolly adelgid on the Southern Appalachian spruce-fir ecosystem and the North Carolina Christmas Tree Industry}, booktitle={Third Symposium on Hemlock Woolly Adelgid in the Eastern United States, February 1-3, 2005, Renaissance Asheville Hotel, Asheville, North Carolina}, publisher={USFS Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team}, author={Potter, K. and Frampton, J. and Sidebottom, J.}, year={2005}, pages={25–41} }
 @article{potter_cubbage_schaberg_2005, title={Multiple-scale landscape predictors of benthic macroinvertebrate community structure in North Carolina}, volume={71}, ISSN={0169-2046}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-2046(04)00028-3}, DOI={10.1016/j.landurbplan.2004.02.001}, abstractNote={Both riparian zone characteristics and watershed-wide landscape attributes affect the water quality of streams and rivers. Understanding the relative importance of these factors is significant for determining management and monitoring actions that adequately protect water quality and the ecological integrity of aquatic communities. In this study, we analyzed Geographic Information System-derived data to: (1) determine whether North Carolina benthic macroinvertebrate community structure is more closely correlated with landscape characteristics at the scale of riparian zones or entire watersheds; (2) understand which landscape attributes are correlated with aquatic invertebrate communities that reflect degraded stream conditions; (3) investigate whether the importance of streamside forest varies with watershed size. Watershed characteristics explained a greater amount of variability in macrobenthic community structure (69.5–75.4%) than riparian attributes (57.4–65.2%). While topographic complexity was the most important variable at all scales, different land cover characteristics were of secondary importance at both scales: developed land cover for watersheds, and forest cover at the riparian scale. The amount of riparian zone and watershed-wide forest cover accounted for more variability in small watersheds than in large watersheds.}, number={2-4}, journal={Landscape and Urban Planning}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Potter, K and Cubbage, F and Schaberg, R}, year={2005}, month={Mar}, pages={77–90} }
 @article{potter_cubbage_schaberg_2005, title={Multiple-scale landscape predictors of benthic macroinvertebrate community structure in North Carolina}, volume={71}, DOI={10.1016/s0169-2046(04)00028-3}, number={2-4}, journal={Landscape and Urban Planning}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={POTTER, K and CUBBAGE, F and SCHABERG, R}, year={2005}, month={Mar}, pages={77–90} }
 @inproceedings{frampton_benson_li_brahan_hudson_potter_2005, title={Seedling resistance to Phytophthora cinammomi in the Genus Abies}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 28th Southern Forest Tree Improvement Conference}, author={Frampton, J. and Benson, D. M. and Li, J. and Brahan, A. M. and Hudson, E. E. and Potter, K. M.}, year={2005}, pages={146–147} }
 @article{potter_cubbage_blank_schaberg_2004, title={A Watershed-Scale Model for Predicting Nonpoint Pollution Risk in North Carolina}, volume={34}, ISSN={0364-152X 1432-1009}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-004-0117-7}, DOI={10.1007/s00267-004-0117-7}, abstractNote={The Southeastern United States is a global center of freshwater biotic diversity, but much of the region's aquatic biodiversity is at risk from stream degradation. Nonpoint pollution sources are responsible for 70% of that degradation, and controlling nonpoint pollution from agriculture, urbanization, and silviculture is considered critical to maintaining water quality and aquatic biodiversity in the Southeast. We used an ecological risk assessment framework to develop vulnerability models that can help policymakers and natural resource managers understand the impact of land cover changes on water quality in North Carolina. Additionally, we determined which landscape characteristics are most closely associated with macroinvertebrate community tolerance of stream degradation, and therefore with lower-quality water. The results will allow managers and policymakers to weigh the risks of management and policy decisions to a given watershed or set of watersheds, including whether streamside buffer protection zones are ecologically effective in achieving water quality standards. Regression analyses revealed that landscape variables explained up to 56.3% of the variability in benthic macroinvertebrate index scores. The resulting vulnerability models indicate that North Carolina watersheds with less forest cover are at most risk for degraded water quality and steam habitat conditions. The importance of forest cover, at both the watershed and riparian zone scale, in predicting macrobenthic invertebrate community assemblage varies by geographic region of the state.}, number={1}, journal={Environmental Management}, publisher={Springer Nature}, author={Potter, Kevin M. and Cubbage, Frederick W. and Blank, Gary B. and Schaberg, Rex H.}, year={2004}, month={May}, pages={62–74} }
 @article{potter_frampton_2003, title={Fraser fir: a 'natural' Christmas tree threatened in its native stands}, volume={47}, number={5}, journal={American Christmas Tree Journal}, author={Potter, K. and Frampton, J.}, year={2003}, pages={22–28} }
 @inproceedings{potter_frampton_2003, title={Genetic variation in Fraser fir mortality due to Phytophthora root rot}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 27th Southern Forest Tree Improvement Conference}, publisher={Stillwater, OK: Oklahoma State University- Stillwater}, author={Potter, K. M. and Frampton, J.}, year={2003}, pages={72–74} }