@article{salem_debnath_agate_arafat_jameel_lucia_pal_2024, title={Development of multifunctional sustainable packaging from acetylated cellulose micro-nanofibrils (CMNF)}, volume={7}, ISSN={["2666-8939"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.carpta.2024.100421}, abstractNote={Cellulose micro-nanofibrils (CMNF) with different fibrillation levels were partially acetylated while preserving their morphological and native crystalline structure. The morphological changes due to fibrillation and chemical modification were observed using Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) and optical profilometry. The change in tensile and burst strength, barrier, and biodegradability profile were investigated which revealed that the mechanical properties of the unmodified CMNF films increased with increase in extent of fibrillation. However, the mechanical strength of the acetylated film decreased with the increase in degree of acetylation. The stretching or folding property of the film increased with the increase in both the fibrillation and acetylation. The contact angle value increased due to a higher degree of fibrillation and acetylation because they increased the hydrophobicity and consequently enhanced the air and water vapor resistance of the unmodified and modified CNF films. Furthermore, all films exhibited the highest resistance against oil and grease, and the biodegradability test substantiated that CNF films were compostable in soil. In total, this work expresses new pathways to enhance the barrier properties of biodegradable CNF films by regulating the degree of fibrillation and acetylation, thus can emerge as sustainable alternatives to for packaging and agriculture applications.}, journal={CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS}, author={Salem, Khandoker Samaher and Debnath, Mrittika and Agate, Sachin and Arafat, Kazi Md. Yasin and Jameel, Hasan and Lucia, Lucian and Pal, Lokendra}, year={2024}, month={Jun} }
 @article{mali_salem_sarder_agate_mathur_pal_2024, title={Understanding Binding of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds with Cellulose-Based Fibers and Wipes for Renewable and Sustainable Hygiene Options}, volume={16}, ISSN={["2071-1050"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.3390/su16041586}, DOI={10.3390/su16041586}, abstractNote={Cellulose-based fibers are desirable materials for nonwoven wipes for their good absorbency, strength, cleaning, and biodegradable properties. However, quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs), being cationic in nature, show electrostatic interactions with anionic cellulosic fibers, reducing the available QACs to efficiently clean surfaces. This research presents sustainable alternative fibers that show better controlled exhaustion than commercial wipes and textile fibers. Textile and lignocellulosic fibers were prepared, soaked in QAC, and a UV–vis spectrophotometer was used to measure their exhaustion percentages. Factors such as immersion time and concentration of the disinfectant were also investigated, which affect the rate of exhaustion of the disinfectant from the fibers. A higher immersion time resulted in better exhaustion, whereas the total exhaustion decreased with an increase in the initial concentration of the disinfectant. The exhaustion of benzalkonium chloride (BAC) from the commercial wipes was also investigated at different immersion times and BAC concentrations. It was found that the wood and non-wood fibers showed more controlled exhaustion than the textile fibers and commercial wipes, and could be considered an alternative option for renewable and sustainable wipes and hygiene products.}, number={4}, journal={SUSTAINABILITY}, author={Mali, Monika and Salem, Khandoker Samaher and Sarder, Roman and Agate, Sachin and Mathur, Kavita and Pal, Lokendra}, year={2024}, month={Feb} }
 @article{salem_kasera_rahman_jameel_habibi_eichhorn_french_pal_lucia_2023, title={Comparison and assessment of methods for cellulose crystallinity determination}, volume={52}, ISSN={0306-0012 1460-4744}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/D2CS00569G}, DOI={10.1039/d2cs00569g}, abstractNote={A suite of techniques is compared to understand the requirements, differences, synergies, and limitations of each method more comprehensively. Our review summarizes key principles to guide studies on the structure of cellulosics.}, number={18}, journal={Chemical Society Reviews}, publisher={Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)}, author={Salem, Khandoker Samaher and Kasera, Nitesh Kumar and Rahman, Md. Ashiqur and Jameel, Hasan and Habibi, Youssef and Eichhorn, Stephen J. and French, Alfred D. and Pal, Lokendra and Lucia, Lucian A.}, year={2023}, pages={6417–6446} }
 @article{salem_barrios_jameel_pal_lucia_2023, title={Computational and experimental insights into the molecular architecture of water-cellulose networks}, volume={6}, ISSN={2590-2385}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2023.03.021}, DOI={10.1016/j.matt.2023.03.021}, abstractNote={The current perspective attempts to provide key insights into several major aspects of water solvation supported by several experimental and computational investigations. It is postulated that water is not just a common solvent from the framework of the molecular level, but in fact can play the role of a co-reactant or induce an “organizational constraint” (e.g., crystallization) to regulate the rate of chemical reactions. The focus of our perspective is to provide insight into these phenomena; we will cast our net toward the formation of putative water molecules' stacking around the three-dimensional network of the cellulose, the most abundant biomaterial on the planet, which is further mitigated by hydrogen bonding and water-cellulose molecular architecture on the morphology, properties, and chemical reactivity of micro- and nanocellulose. Our perspective also introduces the idea of water hydration shells present immediate to the hydrophilic surface of the cellulose that can help articulate water chemistry and the challenges it presents during drying.}, number={5}, journal={Matter}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Salem, Khandoker Samaher and Barrios, Nelson and Jameel, Hasan and Pal, Lokendra and Lucia, Lucian}, year={2023}, month={May}, pages={1366–1381} }
 @article{salem_jameel_lucia_pal_2023, title={Sustainable high-yield lignocellulosic fibers and modification technologies educing softness and strength for tissues and hygiene products for global health}, volume={22}, ISSN={["2589-2347"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.mtsust.2023.100342}, abstractNote={Unbleached hardwood kraft pulp was treated with a non-ionic surfactant to decrease the concentration of a hydration shell by dislodging hard-to-remove water through a targeted reduction in surface tension. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry techniques were used to investigate and evaluate these fiber-surfactant interactions. Scanning electron microscopeimages were taken to observe the change in the morphology from the surfactant treatment. The surface tension was measured by using pendant drop tests, which reduced from 71.46 mN/m to ∼ 49–51 mN/m for different pretreatment techniques and hence, reduced the pulling force exerted by the liquid bridge water on the fibers by 28–31%. This consequently led to reduced fiber collapse, and the surfactant-treated fibers showed higher bulk and softness without a concomitant sacrifice of mechanical properties. The scanning electron microscopeimages confirmed a more cylindrical fiber structure and showed an unaffected fiber–fiber interaction because of which the tensile strength was not compromised with the increase of bulk. The surfactant-treated fibers showed better recovery or spring back, i.e. a return to their original form after compression relative to the untreated fibers. Therefore, it was possible to make tissue papers with higher bulk, softer hand-feel, and a higher absorbing capacity, without reducing the tensile strength by simple and green processes involving chemical and mechanical modifications.}, journal={MATERIALS TODAY SUSTAINABILITY}, author={Salem, K. S. and Jameel, H. and Lucia, L. and Pal, L.}, year={2023}, month={Jun} }
 @article{salem_naithani_jameel_lucia_pal_2022, title={A systematic examination of the dynamics of water-cellulose interactions on capillary force-induced fiber collapse}, volume={295}, ISSN={["1879-1344"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119856}, DOI={10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119856}, abstractNote={Cellulosic fiber collapse is a phenomenon of fundamental importance for many technologies that include tissue/hygiene to packaging because it governs their essential materials properties such as tensile strength, softness, and water absorption; therefore, we elaborate cellulose fiber collapse from water interactions. This is the first attempt to directly correlate fiber collapse and entrapped or hard-to-remove (HR) water content through DSC, TGA and SEM. Freeze-drying and oven drying were individually investigated for influence on collapse. SEM of the fibers at different moisture contents show that irreversible collapsing begins as entrapped water departs the fiber surface. The removal of HR water pulls cell walls closer due to strong capillary action which overwhelms the elastic force of the fiber lumen which results in partially or fully irreversible collapse. The initial moisture content and refining intensity were found to regulate HR water content and consequently played a vital role in fiber collapsing.}, journal={CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Salem, Khandoker Samaher and Naithani, Ved and Jameel, Hasan and Lucia, Lucian and Pal, Lokendra}, year={2022}, month={Nov} }
 @article{mahmud_rahman_salem_bari_qiu_2022, title={Architecting Ultrathin Graphitic C3N4 Nanosheets Incorporated PVA/ Gelatin Bionanocomposite for Potential Biomedical Application: Effect on Drug Delivery, Release Kinetics, and Antibacterial Activity}, volume={10}, ISSN={["2576-6422"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.2c00502}, DOI={10.1021/acsabm.2c00502}, abstractNote={Planar (2D) nanomaterials are garnering broad recognition in diverse scientific areas because of their intrinsic features. Herein, bulk graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) was prepared from melamine, which was exfoliated to produce g-C3N4 nanosheets. The prepared g-C3N4 nanosheets were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), photo luminescence (PL) spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The stable dispersion of a g-C3N4 nanosheet was incorporated into a PVA/Gelatin matrix to explore its efficacy as a promising drug carrier. A remarkable 42% increase in tensile strength for 1% g-C3N4/PVA/Gelatin was attained compared with that of the PVA/Gelatin film. Thermal stability increased due to addition of g-C3N4 nanosheet in the PVA/Gelatin film, where the maximum thermal degradation temperature increased by 9.5 °C when the 1% nanosheet was added to the PVA/Gelatin film. Moreover, the g-C3N4 nanosheets and g-C3N4/PVA/Gelatin showed no cytotoxicity against HeLa and BHK-21 cells. To investigate the in vitro drug releasing efficacy, ciprofloxacin was incorporated into g-C3N4/PVA/Gelatin. Experimental results showed a 62% drug release within 120 min at physiological pH 7.4. The data was curve fitted by different kinetic models of drug release to understand the drug release mechanism. The experimental data was found to fit best with the Higuchi model and revealed the diffusion control mechanism of drug release. Additionally, antibacterial study confirmed the drug release potency from g-C3N4/PVA/Gelatin film on both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The above-mentioned promising findings might lead to an opportunity of using g-C3N4 as a potential drug carrier.}, journal={ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS}, author={Mahmud, Monika and Rahman, A. F. M. Mustafizur and Salem, Khandoker Samaher and Bari, Md. Latiful and Qiu, Hongdeng}, year={2022}, month={Oct} }
 @misc{tyagi_salem_hubbe_pal_2021, title={Advances in barrier coatings and film technologies for achieving sustainable packaging of food products-A review}, volume={115}, ISSN={["1879-3053"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2021.06.036}, DOI={10.1016/j.tifs.2021.06.036}, abstractNote={The technology of food packaging is responding to significant market dynamics such as the rapid growth in e-commerce and preservation of fresh food, a sector that accounts for over 40% of plastic waste. Further, mandates for sustainability and recent changes in national governmental policies and regulations that include banning single-use plastic products as observed in sweeping reforms in Europe, Asia, and several US States are forcing industries and consumers to find alternative solutions. This review highlights an ongoing shift of barrier coatings from traditional synthetic polymers to sustainable breakthrough materials for paper-based packaging and films. Advantages, challenges and adapting feasibility of these materials are described, highlighting the implications of selecting different materials and processing options. A brief description on progress in methods of coating technologies is also included. Finally, the end fate of the barrier materials is classified depending on the packaging type, coating materials used and sorting facility availability. Different types of coatings, such as water-based biopolymers, due to their greater environmental compatibility, are making inroads into more traditional petroleum-based wax and plastic laminate paperboard products for fresh food bakery, frozen food, and take-out containers applications. In addition, nano-biocomposites have been studied at an accelerating pace for developing active and smart packaging. Based on the momentum of recent developments, a strong pace of continuing developments in the field can be expected.}, journal={TRENDS IN FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Tyagi, Preeti and Salem, Khandoker Samaher and Hubbe, Martin A. and Pal, Lokendra}, year={2021}, month={Sep}, pages={461–485} }
 @misc{sun_agate_salem_lucia_pal_2021, title={Hydrogel-Based Sensor Networks: Compositions, Properties, and Applications-A Review}, volume={4}, ISSN={["2576-6422"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.0c01011}, DOI={10.1021/acsabm.0c01011}, abstractNote={Hydrogels are three-dimensional porous polymeric networks prepared by physical or chemical cross-linking of hydrophilic molecules, which can be made into smart materials through judicious chemical modifications to recognize external stimuli; more specifically, this can be accomplished by the integration with stimuli-responsive polymers or sensing molecules that has drawn considerable attention in their possible roles as sensors and diagnostic tools. They can be tailored in different structures and integrated into systems, depending on their chemical and physical structure, sensitivity to the external stimuli and biocompatibility. A panoramic overview of the sensing advances in the field of hydrogels over the past several decades focusing on a variety protocols of hydrogel preparations is provided, with a major focus on natural polymers. The modifications of hydrogel composites by incorporating inorganic nanoparticles and organic polymeric compounds for sensor applications and their mechanisms are also discussed.}, number={1}, journal={ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Sun, Xiaohang and Agate, Sachin and Salem, Khandoker Samaher and Lucia, Lucian and Pal, Lokendra}, year={2021}, month={Jan}, pages={140–162} }
 @article{starkey_chenoweth_johnson_salem_jameel_pal_2021, title={Lignin-containing micro/nanofibrillated cellulose to strengthen recycled fibers for lightweight sustainable packaging solutions}, volume={2}, ISSN={["2666-8939"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carpta.2021.100135}, DOI={10.1016/j.carpta.2021.100135}, abstractNote={As e-commerce drives the packaging growth, consumers are pushing for more sustainable packaging solutions. Considering the current societal needs, we have been able to engineer a new pathway for sustainable packaging solutions by developing lignin-containing micro- and nano-fibrillated cellulosic (LMNFCs) materials to strengthen the recycled fibers. LMNFCs from unbleached softwood pulp containing 14.4% lignin at high and low fibrillation levels were produced. Packaging papers from recycled old-corrugated containers were strengthened with LMNFCs with varying addition levels of 1 wt% to 3 wt% at two basis weights. The results show 2 wt% addition of LMNFC can enhance strength at low levels of fibrillation, and that basis weight can be reduced by 16.7%, from 150 gsm to 125 gsm, while maintaining a burst strength of 49-53 lbf. Reduction in basis weight and high lignin content of LMNFC also enhanced dewatering during sheet formation with the lowest increase in drainage time, 9%, relative to the 150 gsm with no LMNFC. The techno-economic analysis supports the feasibility of using LMNFC to produce lightweight and sustainable packaging materials at industrial scale with an 8% reduction in fiber cost.}, journal={CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Starkey, Heather and Chenoweth, Audra and Johnson, Christopher and Salem, Khandoker Samaher and Jameel, Hasan and Pal, Lokendra}, year={2021}, month={Dec} }
 @article{salem_naithani_jameel_lucia_pal_2021, title={Lignocellulosic Fibers from Renewable Resources Using Green Chemistry for a Circular Economy}, volume={5}, ISSN={["2056-6646"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1002/gch2.202000065}, DOI={10.1002/gch2.202000065}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={2}, journal={GLOBAL CHALLENGES}, author={Salem, Khandoker S. and Naithani, Ved and Jameel, Hasan and Lucia, Lucian and Pal, Lokendra}, year={2021}, month={Feb} }
 @article{debnath_salem_naithani_musten_hubbe_pal_2021, title={Soft mechanical treatments of recycled fibers using a high-shear homogenizer for tissue and hygiene products}, volume={6}, ISSN={["1572-882X"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10570-021-04024-0}, DOI={10.1007/s10570-021-04024-0}, journal={CELLULOSE}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Debnath, Mrittika and Salem, Khandoker Samaher and Naithani, Ved and Musten, Evan and Hubbe, Martin A. and Pal, Lokendra}, year={2021}, month={Jun} }
 @article{a perspective of lignin processing and utilization technologies for composites and plastics with emphasis on technical and market trends_2020, journal={Bioresources}, year={2020}, month={Dec} }
 @inproceedings{physico-chemical factors relevant to the chemical modification of nanofibrillated cellulose (nfc)_2019, booktitle={ACS National Meeting Spring 2019}, year={2019}, month={Mar} }
 @article{salem_starkey_pal_lucia_jameel_2019, title={The Topochemistry of Cellulose Nanofibrils as a Function of Mechanical Generation Energy}, volume={8}, ISSN={2168-0485 2168-0485}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b05806}, DOI={10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b05806}, abstractNote={Nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) has garnered significant attention as a sustainable biomaterial, but its chemical reactivity with respect to its generation, i.e., fibrillation, has heretofore been unexplored. We prepared NFC samples with varying levels of fibrillation by controlling mechanical energy followed by acetylation as a probe to explore chemical reactivity. The degree of substitution (DS) reached a global maximum after which, surprisingly, it dropped to lower values at higher fibrillation or higher input (generation) energies. This behavior was attributed to two factors: the presence of higher bound water molecules at fibrillated surfaces, which hinder accessibility to cellulose chains, and enhanced self-aggregation of surface hydroxyl groups of NFC due to formation of hydrogen bonds at higher fibrillation. The discovery of these two mitigating factors provides a promising physicochemical strategy for efficient and sustainable production and modification of NFC to optimize performance for different applications.}, number={3}, journal={ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Salem, Khandoker Samaher and Starkey, Heather R. and Pal, Lokendra and Lucia, Lucian and Jameel, Hasan}, year={2019}, month={Dec}, pages={1471–1478} }
 @article{lubna_salem_sarker_khan_2018, title={Modification of Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Recycled PET by Vinyl Acetate (VAc) Monomer Grafting Using Gamma Irradiation}, volume={26}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10924-016-0922-0}, DOI={10.1007/s10924-016-0922-0}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Polymers and the Environment}, author={Lubna, M.M. and Salem, K.S. and Sarker, M. and Khan, M.A.}, year={2018}, month={Jan}, pages={83–90} }
 @article{sharmeen_rahman_lubna_salem_islam_khan_2018, title={Polyethylene glycol functionalized carbon nanotubes/gelatin-chitosan nanocomposite: An approach for significant drug release}, volume={3}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bioactmat.2018.03.001}, DOI={10.1016/j.bioactmat.2018.03.001}, abstractNote={This research work blooms the new idea of developing a safe and controlled drug releasing matrix using multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). In aqueous solution, uniform and highly stable dispersion of MWCNTs was obtained after secondary functionalization with polyethylene glycol (PEG) which was studied by Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Solution casting method was used to prepare MWCNTs/gelatin-chitosan nanocomposite films and the effect of MWCNTs on physico-mechanical, thermal and water uptake properties of the nanocomposites were evaluated. Incorporation of MWCNTs into the porous gelatin-chitosan matrix showed interesting stiffness and dampness along with developed microfibrillar structures within the pore walls intended at being used in tissue engineering of bone or cartilage. A common antibiotic drug, ciprofloxacin was incorporated into nanocomposite matrix. The evaluation of the effect of MWCNTs on drug release rate by dissolution test and antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed. Sharp release of the drug was found at early stages (∼1 h), but the rate was reduced afterwards, showing a sustained release. It was observed that for all microorganisms, the antibacterial activities of drug loaded MWCNTs/gelatin-chitosan nanocomposites were higher than that of drug loaded gelatin-chitosan composite films containing no MWCNTs. Comparative statistical studies by ANOVA techniques also showed remarkable difference between the antibacterial activities, exhibited by MWCNTs-incorporated and non-incorporated composite films.}, number={3}, journal={Bioactive Materials}, author={Sharmeen, S. and Rahman, A.F.M.M. and Lubna, M.M. and Salem, K.S. and Islam, R. and Khan, M.A.}, year={2018}, month={Sep}, pages={236–244} }
 @inbook{khan_luna_islam_sharmeen_salem_rashid_zaman_haque_rahman_2016, title={Cellulase in Waste Management Applications}, ISBN={9780444635075}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-63507-5.00021-6}, DOI={10.1016/b978-0-444-63507-5.00021-6}, abstractNote={Our society produces a lot of voluminous waste of biomass every day, which are mainly lignocellulose in origin. It is the most abundant plant cell wall component of the biosphere and the most plentiful biological compound on terrestrial earth. The successful conversion of cellulosic waste from domestic, industrial, and municipal sources through economically feasible processes to valuable by-products has long been admitted as a desirable endeavor. The degradation of cellulosic materials has gained increasing attention due to its worldwide availability and enormous potential for transforming them into sugars, fuels, and chemical feedstocks. Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic biomass holds tremendous promise due to the high specificity and production of high yields of glucose without generation of degradation products, unlike acid/alkali hydrolysis. It has lower utility cost and hydrolysis occurs under mild reaction conditions. Microorganisms that degrade cellulose are abundant and universal in nature. The enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose requires the use of cellulase enzyme. Fungi and bacteria are the main cellulase-producing microorganisms. A "twofold" benefit could be achieved through a sustainable bioconversion of biomass by cellulase enzyme. First, it would reduce the amount of cellulosic waste and diminish its effects on our environment; and second, the bioconversion of waste would be an alternative source of fuel energy to shrink our growing dependence on fossil fuels.}, booktitle={New and Future Developments in Microbial Biotechnology and Bioengineering}, publisher={Elsevier}, author={Khan, M. Nuruzzaman and Luna, Ismat Zerin and Islam, Md. Minhajul and Sharmeen, Sadia and Salem, Khandaker S. and Rashid, Taslim U. and Zaman, Asaduz and Haque, Papia and Rahman, Mohammed Mizanur}, year={2016}, pages={237–256} }
 @article{morphology, thermal stability, electrical, and mechanical properties of graphene incorporated poly(vinyl alcohol)-gelatin nanocomposites_2016, url={http://article.sapub.org/10.5923.j.cmaterials.20160606.02.html}, DOI={10.5923/j.cmaterials.20160606.02}, year={2016} }
 @inbook{salem_rashid_asaduzzaman_islam_khan_sharmeen_rahman_haque_2016, title={Recent Updates on Immobilization of Microbial Cellulase}, ISBN={9780444635075}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-63507-5.00011-3}, DOI={10.1016/b978-0-444-63507-5.00011-3}, abstractNote={Several new types of carriers and techniques have been implemented in recent years to improve the traditional cellulase immobilization process, which aims to enhance its loading, activity, and stability with reduced cost for various industrial applications. This chapter summarizes the recent advancements in all aspects of microbial cellulase enzyme like the types of cellulases, their microbial sources, structure, and properties, immobilization factors, and industrial applications. Common cellulase inducers and existing immobilization matrices are highlighted along with insights into the recent developments for each of them. Different immobilization techniques, the types of reactors used so far, and their effect on the immobilized cellulase are thoroughly discussed. More importantly, this review focuses on the future immobilization processes of cellulase and their potential for the most modern industrial applications.}, booktitle={New and Future Developments in Microbial Biotechnology and Bioengineering}, publisher={Elsevier}, author={Salem, Khandaker S. and Rashid, Taslim U. and Asaduzzaman and Islam, Md. Minhajul and Khan, M. Nuruzzaman and Sharmeen, Sadia and Rahman, Mohammed Mizanur and Haque, Papia}, year={2016}, pages={107–139} }
 @article{salem_lubna_rahman_nurnabi_islam_khan_2015, title={The effect of multiwall carbon nanotube additions on the thermo-mechanical, electrical, and morphological properties of gelatin–polyvinyl alcohol blend nanocomposite}, volume={49}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998314534704}, DOI={10.1177/0021998314534704}, abstractNote={ A highly stable and uniform dispersion of multiwall carbon nanotubes in aqueous solution was achieved to prepare multiwall carbon nanotubes/gelatin–polyvinyl alcohol nanocomposites with varying multiwall carbon nanotubes content using solution casting. Optical microscopic images confirmed the homogenous dispersion and distribution of multiwall carbon nanotubes in solution and polymer matrix. The tensile strength and tensile modulus of the composite containing 1% multiwall carbon nanotubes (wt/wt) were found to increase by 128.1 and 284.8% compared to that of the gelatin–polyvinyl alcohol blend. Dynamic mechanical analysis revealed an increase in the storage modulus and a decrease in the loss factor (tan delta) for the composite. Electrical properties exhibited a typical percolation behavior when a small amount of multiwall carbon nanotubes (0.1 wt%) was loaded. X-ray diffraction showed that incorporation of multiwall carbon nanotubes increased the crystallinity. Scanning electron microscopy also showed a homogeneous distribution of multiwall carbon nanotubes in the composite matrix. The nanocomposites were further characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermo-gravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. }, number={11}, journal={Journal of Composite Materials}, author={Salem, K.S. and Lubna, M.M. and Rahman, A.M. and Nurnabi, M. and Islam, R. and Khan, M.A.}, year={2015}, month={May}, pages={1379–1391} }