@article{meurs_montgomery_friedenberg_williams_gilger_2021, title={A defect in the NOG gene increases susceptibility to spontaneous superficial chronic corneal epithelial defects (SCCED) in boxer dogs}, volume={17}, ISSN={1746-6148}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12917-021-02955-1}, DOI={10.1186/s12917-021-02955-1}, abstractNote={Abstract
                Background
                Superficial chronic corneal epithelial defects (SCCEDs) are spontaneous corneal defects in dogs that share many clinical and pathologic characteristics to recurrent corneal erosions (RCE) in humans. Boxer dogs are predisposed to SCCEDs, therefore a search for a genetic defect was performed to explain this susceptibility. DNA was extracted from blood collected from Boxer dogs with and without SCCEDs followed by whole genome sequencing (WGS). RNA sequencing of corneal tissue and immunostaining of corneal sections from affected SCCED Boxer dogs with a deletion in the NOG gene and affected non-Boxer dogs without the deletion were performed.
              
                Results
                A 30 base pair deletion at a splice site in Noggin (NOG) (Chr 9:31453999) was identified by WGS and was significantly associated (P < 0.0001) with Boxer SCCEDs compared to unaffected non-Boxer dogs. NOG, BMP4, MMP13, and NCAM1 all had significant fold reductions in expression and SHH was significantly increased in Boxers with the NOG deletion as identified by RNA-Seq. Corneal IHC from NOG deletion dogs with SCCEDs had lower NOG and significantly higher scores of BMP2.
              
                Conclusions
                Many Boxer dogs with SCCED have a genetic defect in NOG. NOG is a constitutive protein in the cornea which is a potent inhibitor of BMP, which likely regulate limbal epithelial progenitor cells (LEPC). Dysregulation of LEPC may play a role in the pathogenesis of RCE.
              }, number={1}, journal={BMC Veterinary Research}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Meurs, Kathryn M. and Montgomery, Keith and Friedenberg, Steven G. and Williams, Brian and Gilger, Brian C.}, year={2021}, month={Jul} }
 @misc{montgomery_2014, title={Equine ocular neoplasia: A review}, volume={26}, number={7}, journal={Equine Veterinary Education}, author={Montgomery, K. W.}, year={2014}, pages={372–380} }
 @misc{gerding_clode_gilger_montgomery_2014, title={Equine orbital fractures: a review of 18 cases (2006-2013)}, volume={17}, ISSN={["1463-5224"]}, DOI={10.1111/vop.12162}, abstractNote={ObjectiveTo review the clinical features, treatments, complications, and outcomes of horses with traumatic orbital fractures.Study designRetrospective study.Sample PopulationEighteen horses with confirmed orbital fractures.ProceduresMedical records of horses presenting with orbital fractures between 2006 and 2013 were reviewed. Signalment, etiology of fracture, clinical signs, fracture descriptions, diagnostic imaging, treatments, complications, and outcomes were evaluated.ResultsEighteen horses presented with orbital fractures resulting from rearing in a confined space (n = 5), being kicked (4), colliding with a stationary object (3), and unknown trauma (6). Radiography and computed tomography were effective at classifying fractures and evaluating sinus/nasal involvement. Epistaxis/sinusitis were associated with fractures of the zygomatic process of the temporal bone (n = 3) and comminuted fractures of multiple bones (5). Seventeen fractures required treatment, with fifteen receiving a combination of medical and surgical therapy. Surgery included reduction of large bony fragments (n = 8), removal of small fragments (12), stabilization with a wire implant (1), and sinus trephination and lavage (5). Factors contributing to a favorable outcome included: globe retention (n = 16), vision (14), comfort (15), cosmesis (9), and return to previous function (13).ConclusionsHorses sustaining orbital fractures treated promptly with medical and surgical therapy have a favorable prognosis for return to function and cosmesis. Fractures affecting the zygomatic process of the frontal bone are unlikely to involve the sinus/nasal cavities. Epistaxis and sinusitis warrant more aggressive therapy and decrease functional and cosmetic outcome.}, journal={VETERINARY OPHTHALMOLOGY}, author={Gerding, Joseph C. and Clode, Alison and Gilger, Brian C. and Montgomery, Keith W.}, year={2014}, month={Jul}, pages={97–106} }
 @article{montgomery_labelle_gemensky-metzler_2014, title={Trans-corneal reduction of anterior lens luxation in dogs with lens instability: A retrospective study of 19 dogs (2010-2013)}, volume={17}, number={4}, journal={Veterinary Ophthalmology}, author={Montgomery, K. W. and Labelle, A. L. and Gemensky-Metzler, A. J.}, year={2014}, pages={275–279} }