@article{wall_bohnenstiehl_levine_millhauser_mcgill_wegmann_melomo_2023, title={A geospatial and archaeological investigation of an African-American cemetery in Raleigh, North Carolina, USA}, volume={12}, ISSN={["1099-0763"]}, DOI={10.1002/arp.1921}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={ARCHAEOLOGICAL PROSPECTION}, author={Wall, John and Bohnenstiehl, DelWayne R. and Levine, Norman S. and Millhauser, John K. and Mcgill, Dru E. and Wegmann, Karl W. and Melomo, Vincent}, year={2023}, month={Dec} }
 @article{peck_inamdar_kan_peipoch_gold_merritts_walter_hyland_wegmann_yaculak_et al._2023, title={Back from the past? Assessment of nitrogen removal ability of buried historic wetland soils before and after a 1-year incubation on a restored floodplain}, volume={12}, ISSN={["1526-100X"]}, DOI={10.1111/rec.14070}, abstractNote={Stream, floodplain, and wetland restorations enhance water quality and ecological function; however, soil health is prioritized infrequently in restoration planning and monitoring. Buried, historic, hydric soils—common across U.S. mid‐Atlantic valley bottoms beneath legacy sediments—are not included in most floodplain restoration designs, though they may retain favorable biogeochemical characteristics and host legacy microbial communities that could support ecosystem recovery if exhumed and preserved. To assess the efficacy of including historic hydric soils in floodplain restoration for nitrogen (N) removal, we characterized pre‐Euro‐American settlement wetland soils buried below legacy sediments and now exposed along incised streambanks across the mid‐Atlantic. We compared carbon (C) and N contents; C:N ratios; nitrate‐N and ammonium‐N concentrations; denitrification rates; functional genes for denitrification (nosZ) and nitrification (amoA for ammonia oxidizing archaea [AoA] + ammonia oxidizing bacteria [AoB]); and phospholipid fatty acid biomasses of historic wetland soils with contemporary wetland soils before and after an 1‐year incubation in a recently restored floodplain. Compared to modern wetland soils, historic hydric soils buried by legacy sediment are less nutrient‐rich, have fewer functional genes for and lower rates of denitrification, and possess significantly less microbial biomass. Following the 1‐year incubation, many of these concentrations, rates, and gene counts increased in historic soils, though not substantially. Ultimately, our results suggest that while inclusion of historic, hydric soils and their legacy microbiomes is valuable for N‐removal in floodplain restoration, the recovery of historic, hydric soils is predictably slow, and attainment of restoration goals, such as increased denitrification, may require multiple years.}, journal={RESTORATION ECOLOGY}, author={Peck, Erin K. and Inamdar, Shreeram and Kan, Jinjun and Peipoch, Marc and Gold, Arthur J. and Merritts, Dorothy J. and Walter, Robert C. and Hyland, Ethan G. and Wegmann, Karl W. and Yaculak, Alexis M. and et al.}, year={2023}, month={Dec} }
 @article{schrum_jameson_tateosian_blank_wegmann_nelson_2023, title={Curvature Weighted Decimation: A Novel, Curvature-Based Approach to Improved Lidar Point Decimation of Terrain Surfaces}, volume={3}, ISSN={2673-7418}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geomatics3010015}, DOI={10.3390/geomatics3010015}, abstractNote={Increased availability of QL1/QL2 Lidar terrain data has resulted in large datasets, often including large quantities of redundant points. Because of these large memory requirements, practitioners often use decimation to reduce the number of points used to create models. This paper introduces a novel approach to improve decimation, thereby reducing the total count of ground points in a Lidar dataset while retaining more accuracy than Random Decimation. This reduction improves efficiency of downstream processes while maintaining output quality nearer to the undecimated dataset. Points are selected for retention based on their discrete curvature values computed from the mesh geometry of the TIN model of the points. Points with higher curvature values are preferred for retention in the resulting point cloud. We call this technique Curvature Weighted Decimation (CWD). We implement CWD in a new free, open-source software tool, CogoDN, which is also introduced in this paper. We evaluate the effectiveness of CWD against Random Decimation by comparing the resulting introduced error values for the two kinds of decimation over multiple decimation percentages, multiple statistical types, and multiple terrain types. The results show that CWD reduces introduced error values over Random Decimation when 15 to 50% of the points are retained.}, number={1}, journal={Geomatics}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Schrum, Paul T., Jr. and Jameson, Carter D. and Tateosian, Laura G. and Blank, Gary B. and Wegmann, Karl W. and Nelson, Stacy A. C.}, year={2023}, month={Mar}, pages={266–289} }
 @article{holcomb_o'leary_darrin_mandel_kling_wegmann_2023, title={Planetary geoarchaeology as a new frontier in archaeological science: Evaluating site formation processes on Earth's Moon}, volume={6}, ISSN={["1520-6548"]}, DOI={10.1002/gea.21966}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={GEOARCHAEOLOGY-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL}, author={Holcomb, Justin A. A. and O'Leary, Beth and Darrin, Ann G. G. and Mandel, Rolfe D. D. and Kling, Corbin and Wegmann, Karl W. W.}, year={2023}, month={Jun} }
 @article{holcomb_mandel_wegmann_2023, title={The case for a lunar anthropocene}, volume={12}, ISSN={["1752-0908"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-023-01347-4}, DOI={10.1038/s41561-023-01347-4}, journal={NATURE GEOSCIENCE}, author={Holcomb, Justin Allen and Mandel, Rolfe David and Wegmann, Karl William}, year={2023}, month={Dec} }
 @article{atkins_byrne_bohnenstiehl_wegmann_2022, title={A Morphometric Investigation of Large-Scale Crustal Shortening on Mars}, volume={127}, ISSN={["2169-9100"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JE007110}, DOI={10.1029/2021JE007110}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={5}, journal={JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS}, publisher={American Geophysical Union (AGU)}, author={Atkins, R. M. and Byrne, P. K. and Bohnenstiehl, D. R. and Wegmann, K. W.}, year={2022}, month={May} }
 @article{rugenstein_methner_kukla_mulch_luedecke_fiebig_meltzer_wegmann_zeitler_chamberlain_2022, title={CLUMPED ISOTOPE CONSTRAINTS ON WARMING AND PRECIPITATION SEASONALITY IN MONGOLIA FOLLOWING ALTAI UPLIFT}, volume={322}, ISSN={["1945-452X"]}, DOI={10.2475/01.2022.02}, abstractNote={The timing of surface uplift of the Altai Mountains in northern Central Asia—and the climatic consequences—remains controversial. Today, the Altai Mountains cast a substantial rain shadow, effectively separating the western Gobi Desert and steppe from the Siberian Taiga. We take advantage of this stark climatic gradient to trace the interaction of climate and topography in the lee of the Altai. First, we present new water stable isotope data that demonstrate that—along with this climatic gradient—the Altai modify the δ18O of precipitation via rainout on the leeward side of the range. Second, we present a new paleosol carbonate clumped isotope (Δ47) record that spans much of the Neogene from the immediate lee of the Altai in western Mongolia to address how surface temperatures may have responded to potential uplift during the Neogene. We find that Δ47-derived temperatures have, overall, declined by approximately 7 °C over the course of the Neogene, though the precise timing of this decrease remains uncertain. Third, we pair our Δ47 record with previously published stable isotope data to demonstrate that the timing of decreasing temperatures corresponds with long-term stability in paleosol carbonate δ13C values. In contrast, increases in paleosol carbonate δ13C values—linked to declining vegetation productivity—are correlated with intervals of increasing temperatures. We speculate that declines in vegetation biomass and leaf area changed the partitioning of latent and sensible heat, resulting in rising surface temperatures during Altai uplift. In contrast, long-term Neogene cooling drove the overall decline in surface temperatures. Reconstructed soil water δ18O values (based on carbonate δ18O and Δ47 values) remain surprisingly stable over our Neogene record, differing from our expectation of decreasing δ18O values due to progressive uplift of the Altai Mountains and Neogene cooling. We demonstrate that the shift in precipitation seasonality that likely accompanied Altai uplift obscured any change in lee-side precipitation δ18O that would be expected from surface elevation change alone.}, number={1}, journal={AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE}, author={Rugenstein, Jeremy K. Caves and Methner, Katharina and Kukla, Tyler and Mulch, Andreas and Luedecke, Tina and Fiebig, Jens and Meltzer, Anne and Wegmann, Karl W. and Zeitler, Peter and Chamberlain, C. Page}, year={2022}, month={Jan}, pages={28–54} }
 @article{atkins_wegmann_bohnenstiehl_2022, title={Channel head response to anthropogenic landscape modification: A case study from the North Carolina Piedmont, USA, with implications for water quality}, volume={48}, ISSN={0197-9337 1096-9837}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.5495}, DOI={10.1002/esp.5495}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={2}, journal={Earth Surface Processes and Landforms}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Atkins, Rachel M. and Wegmann, Karl W. and Bohnenstiehl, Del Wayne R.}, year={2022}, month={Oct}, pages={433–451} }
 @article{bayasgalan_wegmann_bayasgalan_2022, title={Contrasting late Miocene to present weathering regimes across the Khangay Mountains, Mongolia}, volume={8}, ISSN={2590-0560}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaesx.2022.100113}, DOI={10.1016/j.jaesx.2022.100113}, abstractNote={Our understanding of climate change impacts on the geomorphology of terrestrial landscapes is often derived from proxy sedimentary records preserved in depositional fluvial and lacustrine basins that integrate landscape responses. At million-year time scales, most mountainous regions are characterized by net erosion and the export of chemically and physically weathered bedrock. For example, in the Khangay Mountains of central Mongolia, late Cenozoic valley-conforming lava flows preserve “snapshots” of hillslope weathering regimes in the headwaters of the Selenga-Baikal depositional system during the consequential climate transition from the late Miocene (ca. 12 Ma) into the Quaternary. This research aims to characterize the relative importance of chemical and physical weathering to landscape development in this upland intracontinental setting through an investigation of geochemical major and minor trace elemental composition of well-developed paleosols formed in metasediments (middle Orkhon), granite (upper Orkhon), and Miocene fluvial deposits (upper Chuluut) preserved beneath basaltic lavas at 11.9, 7.5 and 3.1 Ma, respectively. We used the Chemical Index of alteration (CIA), Plagioclase Index of Alteration (PIA), and Chemical Index of Weathering (CIW) to derive an integrated paleoclimate regime from the three lava flow-buried paleosol locations. Results reveal that from the late Miocene into the Pliocene, the climate was warmer and slightly more humid than today in the upland continental interior of west-central Mongolia. This result matches the long-term paleo records from Lake Baikal and late Cenozoic global cooling trends from other proxies.}, journal={Journal of Asian Earth Sciences: X}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Bayasgalan, Gantulga and Wegmann, Karl W. and Bayasgalan, Amgalan}, year={2022}, month={Dec}, pages={100113} }
 @article{ott_scherler_wegmann_d'arcy_ivy-ochs_christl_vockenhuber_2022, title={Decoupling between fluvial aggradation-incision dynamics and paleo-denudation rates during the last glacial cycle, Crete, Greece}, volume={3}, url={https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu22-2141}, DOI={10.5194/egusphere-egu22-2141}, abstractNote={<p>The impact of Quaternary climate cycles on denudation as well as fluvial aggradation and incision is debated, especially in regions that did not experience glaciation. Here we present a record of paleo-denudation rates, and geochronologic data constraining aggradation and incision from the Sfakia and Elafonisi alluvial sequences on the island of Crete, Greece. We report seven new optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and ten new radiocarbon ages, as well as eight <sup>10</sup>Be and eight <sup>36</sup>Cl denudation rates from modern and terrace sediments. At the Elafonisi fan system, we identify four periods of aggradation, where marine isotope stages (MIS) 2, 4, and likely 6 correspond to aggradation periods, and MIS 1, 3, and likely 5e are characterized by incision. The dating of paleoshorelines indicates constant uplift over the past 71 ka, at rates of 1.2 mm/a. Aggradation occurred throughout the entire glacial cycle at the Sfakia fan, followed by up to 50 m of incision in the past 10 ka. Chronological constraints indicate that aggradation rates were particularly high during MIS 2 and 4, analogous to the Elafonisi fan system. However, our paleo-denudation rates indicate mostly constant denudation throughout the past 80 ka; with only two samples indicating an up to 50% increase in paleo-denudation rates compared to modern rates. Nearby climate and vegetation records show that MIS 2, 4, and 6 were characterized by cold and dry climate with sparse vegetation, whereas forest cover and wet conditions prevailed during MIS 1, 3, and 5. Our data suggest that variations in climate and vegetation cover were not sufficient to markedly alter landscape-wide denudation rates, but that changes in hydroclimate and vegetation exerted a strong control on the aggradation-incision behavior of the drainages. During relatively cold stages, low vegetation cover and river sediment transport capacity led to aggradation, whereas the increased river transport capacity during relatively warm stages caused subsequent incision. We therefore hypothesize that the studied catchments show a decoupling between transport-limited streams responding to climate forcing and near-steady hillslope denudation.</p>}, publisher={Copernicus GmbH}, author={Ott, Richard and Scherler, Dirk and Wegmann, Karl and D'Arcy, Mitch and Ivy-Ochs, Susan and Christl, Marcus and Vockenhuber, Christoph}, year={2022}, month={Mar} }
 @article{das_wegmann_2022, title={Evaluation of machine learning-based algorithms for landslide detection across satellite sensors for the 2019 Cyclone Idai event, Chimanimani District, Zimbabwe}, volume={19}, ISSN={1612-510X 1612-5118}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10346-022-01912-9}, DOI={10.1007/s10346-022-01912-9}, number={12}, journal={Landslides}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Das, Raja and Wegmann, Karl W.}, year={2022}, month={Aug}, pages={2965–2981} }
 @article{scheip_wegmann_2022, title={Insights on the growth and mobility of debris flows from repeat high-resolution lidar}, volume={3}, ISSN={["1612-5118"]}, DOI={10.1007/s10346-022-01862-2}, journal={LANDSLIDES}, author={Scheip, Corey and Wegmann, Karl}, year={2022}, month={Mar} }
 @article{ott_scherler_wegmann_d'arcy_pope_ivy‐ochs_christl_vockenhuber_rittenour_2022, title={Paleo‐denudation rates suggest variations in runoff drove aggradation during last glacial cycle, Crete, Greece}, volume={48}, ISSN={0197-9337 1096-9837}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.5492}, DOI={10.1002/esp.5492}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={2}, journal={Earth Surface Processes and Landforms}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Ott, Richard F. and Scherler, Dirk and Wegmann, Karl W. and D'Arcy, Mitch K. and Pope, Richard J. and Ivy‐Ochs, Susan and Christl, Marcus and Vockenhuber, Christoph and Rittenour, Tammy M.}, year={2022}, month={Nov}, pages={386–405} }
 @inproceedings{holcomb_o'leary_garrison darrin_wegmann_mandel_2022, title={Planetary Geoarchaeology as a New Frontier in Archaeological Science: Assessing Site Formation Processes on Extraterrestrial Bodies}, volume={87}, booktitle={Society for American Archaeology Annual Meeting}, author={Holcomb, J. and O'Leary, B. and Garrison Darrin, A. and Wegmann, K. and Mandel, R.}, year={2022}, pages={187} }
 @inbook{wegmann_gallen_2022, title={Tectonic Geomorphology Above Mediterranean Subduction Zones}, volume={2}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818234-5.00223-6.}, DOI={10.1016/B978-0-12-818234-5.00223-6}, abstractNote={The tectonic geomorphology of the Mediterranean region perhaps best is characterized by processes associated with subduction rollback, the migration of paired forearc contractional-extensional belts, and the creation and preservation of geomorphic markers (e.g., river and marine terraces) that, in part, track Earth’s surface response to a dynamic mantle and tectonic processes. We highlight and present three different study regions, or vignettes, the Northern Apennines, Calabria, and the island of Crete, where tectonic geomorphic studies have been instrumental in understanding the complex geodynamic processes occurring across the Nubian (Africa)—to—Eurasian plate collision zone. Within these vignettes, we highlight how river and marine terraces, as paleo-geodetic archives, have illuminated understanding of the geodynamics of these three subduction zones. In addition, the vignettes are set up to highlight geologic controversies and conundrums particular to each setting. This article serves to demonstrate that in concert with allied disciplinary studies, the application of tectonic geomorphology promises to increase our understanding of the dynamic landscapes and geohazards associated with Mediterranean subduction zones and subduction systems elsewhere globally.}, booktitle={Treatise on Geomorphology}, publisher={Elsevier, Academic Press}, author={Wegmann, K.W. and Gallen, S.F.}, editor={Shroder, J.J.F.Editor}, year={2022}, pages={87–119} }
 @article{figueiredo_hill_merschat_scheip_stewart_owen_wooten_carter_szymanski_horton_et al._2022, title={The Mw 5.1, 9 August 2020, Sparta Earthquake, North Carolina: The first documented seismic surface rupture in the eastern United States}, volume={32}, url={https://doi.org/10.1130/GSATG517A.1.}, DOI={10.1130/GSATG517A.1}, abstractNote={At 8:07 a.m. EDT on 9 Aug. 2020 a M w 5.1 earthquake located ~3 km south of Sparta, North Carolina, USA, shook much of the eastern United States, producing the first documented surface rupture due to faulting east of the New Madrid seismic zone.The co-seismic surface rupture was identified along a 2-km-long traceable zone of predominantly reverse displacement, with folding and flexure generating a scarp averaging 8-10-cm-high with a maximum observed height of ~25 cm.Widespread deformation south of the main surface rupture includes cm-dm-long and mm-cmwide fissures.Two trenches excavated across the surface rupture reveal that this earthquake propagated to the surface along a preexisting structure in the shallow bedrock, which had not been previously identified as an active fault.Surface ruptures by faulting are rarely reported for M <6 earthquakes, and hence the Sparta earthquake provides an opportunity to improve seismic hazard knowledge associated with these moderate events.Furthermore, this earthquake occurred in a very low strain rate intraplate setting, where earthquake surface deformation, regardless of magnitude, is sparse in time and rare to observe and characterize.}, number={3-4}, journal={GSA Today}, author={Figueiredo, P.M. and Hill, J.S. and Merschat, A.J. and Scheip, C.M. and Stewart, K.G. and Owen, L.A. and Wooten, R.M. and Carter, M.W. and Szymanski, E. and Horton, S.P. and et al.}, year={2022}, pages={4–11,} }
 @article{reckling_mitasova_wegmann_kauffman_reid_2021, title={Efficient Drone-Based Rare Plant Monitoring Using a Species Distribution Model and AI-Based Object Detection}, volume={5}, ISSN={["2504-446X"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.3390/drones5040110}, DOI={10.3390/drones5040110}, abstractNote={Monitoring rare plant species is used to confirm presence, assess health, and verify population trends. Unmanned aerial systems (UAS) are ideal tools for monitoring rare plants because they can efficiently collect data without impacting the plant or endangering personnel. However, UAS flight planning can be subjective, resulting in ineffective use of flight time and overcollection of imagery. This study used a Maxent machine-learning predictive model to create targeted flight areas to monitor Geum radiatum, an endangered plant endemic to the Blue Ridge Mountains in North Carolina. The Maxent model was developed with ten environmental layers as predictors and known plant locations as training data. UAS flight areas were derived from the resulting probability raster as isolines delineated from a probability threshold based on flight parameters. Visual analysis of UAS imagery verified the locations of 33 known plants and discovered four previously undocumented occurrences. Semi-automated detection of plant species was explored using a neural network object detector. Although the approach was successful in detecting plants in on-ground images, no plants were identified in the UAS aerial imagery, indicating that further improvements are needed in both data acquisition and computer vision techniques. Despite this limitation, the presented research provides a data-driven approach to plan targeted UAS flight areas from predictive modeling, improving UAS data collection for rare plant monitoring.}, number={4}, journal={DRONES}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Reckling, William and Mitasova, Helena and Wegmann, Karl and Kauffman, Gary and Reid, Rebekah}, year={2021}, month={Dec} }
 @article{scheip_wegmann_2021, title={HazMapper: a global open-source natural hazard mapping application in Google Earth Engine}, volume={21}, ISSN={["1684-9981"]}, DOI={10.5194/nhess-21-1495-2021}, abstractNote={Abstract. Modern satellite networks with rapid image acquisition cycles allow for near-real-time imaging of areas impacted by natural hazards such as mass wasting, flooding, and volcanic eruptions. Publicly accessible multi-spectral datasets (e.g., Landsat, Sentinel-2) are particularly helpful in analyzing the spatial extent of disturbances, however, the datasets are large and require intensive processing on high-powered computers by trained analysts. HazMapper is an open-access hazard mapping application developed in Google Earth Engine that allows users to derive map and GIS-based products from Sentinel or Landsat datasets without the time- and cost-intensive resources required for traditional analysis. The first iteration of HazMapper relies on a vegetation-based metric, the relative difference in the normalized difference vegetation index (rdNDVI), to identify areas on the landscape where vegetation was removed following a natural disaster. Because of the vegetation-based metric, the tool is typically not suitable for use in desert or polar regions. HazMapper is not a semi-automated routine but makes rapid and repeatable analysis and visualization feasible for both recent and historical natural disasters. Case studies are included for the identification of landslides and debris flows, wildfires, pyroclastic flows, and lava flow inundation. HazMapper is intended for use by both scientists and non-scientists, such as emergency managers and public safety decision-makers.
                    }, number={5}, journal={NATURAL HAZARDS AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES}, author={Scheip, Corey M. and Wegmann, Karl W.}, year={2021}, month={May}, pages={1495–1511} }
 @misc{das_wegmann_2021, title={Landslide mapping using satellite imagery and machine learning algorithms}, url={https://zenodo.org/record/5544698}, DOI={10.5281/zenodo.5544698}, abstractNote={Cyclone Idai made landfall on 15th March near Beira, Mozambique, and caused heavy rainfall across Mozambique, Malawi, Madagascar, and eastern Zimbabwe. Chimanimani District of Zimbabwe received 200 to 400 mm rainfall between 15th and 19th March, which caused widespread flooding and triggered thousands of landslides. This study aims to map the landslides in Chimanimani District and differentiate concurrent flooding from the landslides using high resolution PlanetScope imagery and DEM. Three machine learning algorithms namely, Random Forest, Artificial Neural Network, and Support Vector Machine have been deployed for the supervised landslide classification.}, publisher={Zenodo}, author={Das, Raja and Wegmann, Karl}, year={2021}, month={Oct} }
 @inproceedings{holcomb_wegmann_runnels_2021, title={Late Quaternary coastal stratigraphy at Mochlos Bay, northeast Crete, Greece: Implications for palaeolithic archaeological site preservation and hominin dispersals}, volume={53}, url={https://doi.org/10.1130/abs/2021AM-369290}, DOI={10.1130/abs/2021AM-369290}, number={6}, booktitle={Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs}, author={Holcomb, J.A. and Wegmann, K.W. and Runnels, C.}, year={2021} }
 @inproceedings{das_wegmann_2021, title={Machine learning-based landslide detection using different satellite sensors – A case study in Chimanimani District, Zimbabwe}, booktitle={American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting 2021}, author={Das, R. and Wegmann, K.W.}, year={2021}, pages={NH35E–0516} }
 @book{scheip_hinchliffe_wegmann_2021, place={Raleigh, NC}, title={Map of Surficial Deposits and Slope Movements, Green River Gorge, Polk County, North Carolina, USA}, institution={North Carolina State University}, author={Scheip, C.M. and Hinchliffe, W. and Wegmann, K.W.}, year={2021} }
 @article{ott_wegmann_gallen_pazzaglia_brandon_ueda_fassoulas_2021, title={Reassessing Eastern Mediterranean Tectonics and Earthquake Hazard From the 365 CE Earthquake}, volume={2}, ISSN={["2576-604X"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1029/2020AV000315}, DOI={10.1029/2020AV000315}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={2}, journal={AGU ADVANCES}, publisher={American Geophysical Union (AGU)}, author={Ott, Richard F. and Wegmann, Karl W. and Gallen, Sean F. and Pazzaglia, Frank J. and Brandon, Mark T. and Ueda, Kosuke and Fassoulas, Charalampos}, year={2021}, month={Jun} }
 @article{bruni_ott_picotti_haghipour_wegmann_gallen_2021, title={Stochastic alluvial fan and terrace formation triggered by a high-magnitude Holocene landslide in the Klados Gorge, Crete}, volume={2}, url={https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2021-4}, DOI={10.5194/esurf-2021-4}, abstractNote={Abstract. Alluvial fan and terrace formation is traditionally interpreted as related to Quaternary climate oscillations under the backdrop of slow and steady tectonic activity. However, several recent studies challenge this conventional wisdom, showing that such landforms can evolve rapidly as a geomorphic system responds to catastrophic and stochastic events, like large magnitude mass-wasting. Here, we contribute to this topic through a detailed field and geochronological investigation of alluvial sequences in the Klados catchment in southwestern Crete, Greece. The Klados River catchment is characterised by well-preserved, alluvial terraces and a set of fans at the river mouth, which do not seem to fit the sediment capacity of a small catchment with a drainage area of ~ 11.5 km2. Previous studies interpreted the formation of the deposits and their development to be of Pleistocene age and controlled by climate variations and the region's long-term tectonic activity. We find that the > 20 m thick intermediate fan buries a paleoshoreline uplifted in AD 365 placing the depositional age of this unit firmly into the Late Holocene. This is supported by seven new radiocarbon dates that infer mid to late Holocene ages for the entire fan and terrace sequence. As sediment source, we identify a landslide scar at the head of the catchment. We document landslide deposits 100 m above the modern stream and utilise landslide runout modelling to reconstruct landslide volumes and validate our hypothesis. We find that a landslide volume of 0.0908 km2 matches the observed distribution of landslide deposits and the landslide scar dimensions. We hypothesise that subsequent aggradation and incision cycles of the alluvial deposits are not linked to long-term tectonic uplift and climate variations but rather stochastic events such as mobilisation of sediment in large earthquakes, storm events, or blockage in the valley's narrow reaches. The Klados case study represents a model-environment for how stochastically-driven events can mimic climate-induced sedimentary archives, and how catchments can become ultrasensitive to external perturbations after catastrophic events.
                        }, publisher={Copernicus GmbH}, author={Bruni, Elena T. and Ott, Richard F. and Picotti, Vincenzo and Haghipour, Negar and Wegmann, Karl W. and Gallen, Sean F.}, year={2021}, month={Feb} }
 @article{bruni_ott_picotti_haghipour_wegmann_gallen_2021, title={Stochastic alluvial fan and terrace formation triggered by a high-magnitude Holocene landslide in the Klados Gorge, Crete}, volume={9}, ISSN={["2196-632X"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-771-2021}, DOI={10.5194/esurf-9-771-2021}, abstractNote={Abstract. Alluvial fan and terrace formation is traditionally interpreted as a
fluvial system response to Quaternary climate oscillations under the
backdrop of slow and steady tectonic activity. However, several recent
studies challenge this conventional wisdom, showing that such landforms can
evolve rapidly as a geomorphic system responds to catastrophic and
stochastic events, like large-magnitude mass wasting. Here, we contribute to
this topic through a detailed field, geochronological, and numerical
modelling investigation of thick (>50 m) alluvial sequences in
the Klados catchment in southwestern Crete, Greece. The Klados River
catchment lies in a Mediterranean climate, is largely floored by carbonate
bedrock, and is characterised by well-preserved alluvial terraces and inset
fans at the river mouth that exceed the volumes of alluvial deposits in
neighbouring catchments of similar size. Previous studies interpreted the
genesis and evolution of these deposits to result from a combination of
Pleistocene sea-level variation and the region's long-term tectonic
activity. We show that the >20 m thick lower fan unit,
previously thought to be late Pleistocene in age, unconformably buries a
paleoshoreline uplifted in the first centuries CE, placing the depositional
age of this unit firmly in the late Holocene. The depositional timing is
supported by seven new radiocarbon dates that indicate middle to late Holocene
ages for the entire fan and terrace sequence. Furthermore, we report new
evidence of a previously unidentified valley-filling landslide deposit that
is locally 100 m above the modern stream elevation, and based on
cross-cutting relationships, it predates the alluvial sequence. Observations
indicate the highly erodible landslide deposit as the source of the alluvial
fill sediment. We identify the likely landslide detachment area as a large
rockfall scar at the steepened head of the catchment. A landslide volume of
9.08×107 m3 is estimated based on volume reconstructions of the
mapped landslide deposit and the inferred scar location. We utilise
landslide runout modelling to validate the hypothesis that a high-magnitude
rockfall would pulverise and send material downstream, filling the valley up
to ∼100 m. This partial liquefaction is required for the
rockfall to form a landslide body of the extent observed in the valley and
is consistent with the sedimentological characteristics of the landslide
deposit. Based on the new age control and the identification of the
landslide deposit, we hypothesise that the rapid post-landslide aggradation
and incision cycles of the alluvial deposits are not linked to long-term
tectonic uplift or climate variations but rather stochastic events such as
mobilisation of sediment in large earthquakes, storm events, or ephemeral
blockage in the valley's narrow reaches. The Klados case study represents a
model environment for how stochastically driven events can mimic
climate-induced sedimentary archives and lead to deposition of thick alluvial
sequences within hundreds to thousands of years, and it illustrates the
ultrasensitivity of mountainous catchments to external perturbations after
catastrophic events.
                    }, number={4}, journal={EARTH SURFACE DYNAMICS}, author={Bruni, Elena T. and Ott, Richard F. and Picotti, Vincenzo and Haghipour, Negar and Wegmann, Karl W. and Gallen, Sean F.}, year={2021}, month={Jul}, pages={771–793} }
 @article{bruni_ott_picotti_haghipour_wegmann_gallen_2021, title={Supplementary material to &quot;Stochastic alluvial fan and terrace formation triggered by a high-magnitude Holocene landslide in the Klados Gorge, Crete&quot;}, volume={2}, url={https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2021-4-supplement}, DOI={10.5194/esurf-2021-4-supplement}, abstractNote={different software programs are available.One of them is Dynamic Analysis 3D (DAN3D) presented by McDougall & Hungr (2004).In DAN3D, a frictional model defines material behaviour using the meshless}, publisher={Copernicus GmbH}, author={Bruni, Elena T. and Ott, Richard F. and Picotti, Vincenzo and Haghipour, Negar and Wegmann, Karl W. and Gallen, Sean F.}, year={2021}, month={Feb} }
 @article{kling_byrne_atkins_wegmann_2021, title={Tectonic Deformation and Volatile Loss in the Formation of Noctis Labyrinthus, Mars}, volume={126}, ISSN={["2169-9100"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JE006555}, DOI={10.1029/2020JE006555}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={11}, journal={JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS}, publisher={American Geophysical Union (AGU)}, author={Kling, Corbin L. and Byrne, Paul K. and Atkins, Rachel M. and Wegmann, Karl W.}, year={2021}, month={Nov} }
 @inproceedings{wegmann_de la calle_nixon_scheip_das_2021, place={Espiritu Santo, Vanuatu}, title={When a tropical storm goes to battle with an aseismic ridge: Landslide erosion caused by Cyclone Harold , APRIL 2020, Espiritu Santo, Vanuatu}, volume={53}, url={https://doi.org/10.1130/abs/2021AM-370820}, DOI={10.1130/abs/2021AM-370820}, number={6}, booktitle={Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs}, publisher={Geological Society of America}, author={Wegmann, K.W. and De La Calle, R.A. and Nixon, M.Z. and Scheip, C.M. and Das, R.}, year={2021} }
 @article{holcomb_runnels_wegmann_2020, title={Deposit-centered archaeological survey and the search for the Aegean Palaeolithic: A geoarchaeological perspective}, volume={550}, ISSN={["1873-4553"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2020.04.043}, DOI={10.1016/j.quaint.2020.04.043}, abstractNote={Recent archaeological discoveries from the Greek islands of Crete and Naxos point to the presence of hominins in the Aegean Basin beginning at least in the Middle Pleistocene (~200 ka), indicating that the region may have been an important dispersal route for hominins (including humans) entering southeastern Europe. Currently, archaeologists lack a clear understanding about where Palaeolithic sites should exist throughout the region. Consequently, archaeologists are hindered in their ability to construct the chronostratigraphic frameworks necessary to place the Aegean Palaeolithic into broader narratives of human biogeography until more buried and scientifically dated sites are found. Addressing this issue, we review one successful survey strategy that has proven effective in increasing the likelihood of discovering archaeological sites of Pleistocene age – namely, systematic geoarchaeologically informed research frameworks centered on targeting Pleistocene geologic deposits (soils and sediments). Such an approach has worked well on mainland Greece (and elsewhere) but has yet to be operationalized for application in the Greek islands. Here we review the approach and suggest that deposit-centered surveys can function in four phases of varying degrees of complexity and scale and can be implemented either independently or in tandem with traditional archaeological pedestrian surveys. We also review Quaternary deposits and their associated geomorphic settings that are likely to contain Palaeolithic artifacts to aid future deposit-centered surveys in the Greek islands. We conclude that future archaeologists should implement the approach to target depositional settings in near-shore coastal areas (e.g., alluvial fans with stratified Pleistocene-aged paleosols), sometimes identified by paleo-sea-level-indicators (sea notches, marine terraces, and aeolianites), such as those seen on, Antiparos, Kythera, Crete (northern and southern coasts), Karpathos, and Rhodes. Further, we argue that non-coastal geomorphic settings like internally-drained basins on Crete and Rhodes, similar to those on the mainland, should be systematically searched for Palaeolithic sites. The deposit-centered survey strategies reviewed here provide a means for archaeologists working in the Aegean Basin to predict high probability locations for Palaeolithic archaeological sites. This geoarchaeological approach can be used in similar geomorphic settings around the world and therefore has implications for filling geographic gaps in our understanding of hominin dispersals in the Pleistocene.}, journal={QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Holcomb, J. A. and Runnels, Curtis and Wegmann, Karl W.}, year={2020}, month={Jun}, pages={169–183} }
 @article{wegmann_scheip_2020, title={Evaluation of the HazMapper Google Earth Engine application for coseismic landslide mapping using the Mw7.8 2016 Kaikōura, New Zealand earthquake as a case study}, volume={52}, DOI={10.1130/abs/2020AM-359135}, number={6}, journal={Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs}, author={Wegmann, K.W. and Scheip, C.M.}, year={2020} }
 @book{chesnutt_wegmann_pawl_white_cole_bernier_byrne_2020, place={Golden, CO}, title={Geologic Map of the Mesa Lakes Quadrangle, Mesa and Delta Counties, Colorado}, url={https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/geologic-map-mesa-lakes-quadrangle-mesa-delta-colorado/.}, number={OF-19-08}, institution={Colorado Geological Survey}, author={Chesnutt, J.M. and Wegmann, K.W. and Pawl, T.A. and White, J.L. and Cole, R.D. and Bernier, C.M. and Byrne, P.K.}, year={2020} }
 @inbook{wegmann_2020, place={New York}, edition={Fifth}, title={Gravity Never Sleeps}, booktitle={The Good Earth: Introduction to Earth Science}, publisher={McGraw Hill}, author={Wegmann, K.W.}, editor={McConnell, D.A. and Steer, D. and Knight, C. and Owens, K.Editors}, year={2020}, pages={270–271} }
 @book{scheip_wegmann_2020, title={HazMapper v1.0 source code}, url={https://zenodo.org/record/4103348}, DOI={10.5281/ZENODO.4103348}, journal={Zenodo}, publisher={Zenodo}, author={Scheip, Corey and Wegmann, Karl}, year={2020}, month={Oct} }
 @inproceedings{scheip_wegmann_2020, title={HazMapper: A Flexible Geospatial Mapping App for Natural Hazards}, url={http://go.ncsu.edu/amozfhs}, booktitle={Virtual Geo For Good Summit}, publisher={Virtual Geo For Good Summit}, author={Scheip, C.M. and Wegmann, K.W.}, year={2020} }
 @inproceedings{gallen_ott_wegmann_pazzaglia_brandon_ueda_fassoulas_2020, title={Revisiting the source mechanism of the AD 365 Earthquake Crete, Greece, and Implications for Eastern Mediterranean Tectonics}, volume={52}, DOI={10.1130/abs/2020AM-352299}, number={6}, booktitle={Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs}, author={Gallen, S.F. and Ott, R. and Wegmann, K.W. and Pazzaglia, F.J. and Brandon, M.T. and Ueda, K. and Fassoulas, C.}, year={2020} }
 @inproceedings{figueiredo_owen_hill_merschat_scheip_stewart_carter_wooten_wegmann_bohnenstiehl_et al._2020, title={Surface deformation associated with the Mw 5.1 Sparta, NC Earthquake}, volume={52}, DOI={10.1130/abs/2020am-361234}, number={6}, booktitle={Earthquake: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs}, author={Figueiredo, P.M. and Owen, L.A. and Hill, J.S. and Merschat, A.J. and Scheip, C.M. and Stewart, K. and Carter, M.W. and Wooten, R.M. and Wegmann, K.W. and Bohnenstiehl, D.R. and et al.}, year={2020} }
 @inproceedings{kling_byrne_wegmann_2020, title={The role of subsurface volatiles in the formational history of Noctis Labyrinthus, Mars}, volume={51}, booktitle={Lunar and Planetary Science Conference}, author={Kling, C.L. and Byrne, P.K. and Wegmann, K.W.}, year={2020} }
 @book{chesnutt_wegmann_szymanski_kling_2019, place={Raleigh, NC}, title={1:24,000 scale Surficial and Bedrock Geologic Map of the Rio Chama Canyon Corridor, Rio Arriba County, New Mexico}, url={https://go.ncsu.edu/rio-chama-corridor-geo-project}, institution={North Carolina State University}, author={Chesnutt, J.M. and Wegmann, K. and Szymanski, E. and Kling, C.}, year={2019} }
 @article{smith_wegmann_leithold_bohnenstiehl_2019, title={A 4000-year record of hydrologic variability from the Olympic Mountains, Washington, USA}, volume={29}, ISSN={["1477-0911"]}, DOI={10.1177/0959683619846975}, abstractNote={ Sedimentological and geochemical analyses of gravity and piston cores retrieved from Lake Quinault, Washington, reveal an ~4000-year flood-dominated depositional record. Individual flood event layers are identified by combining core stratigraphy, sedimentology, and the ratio of incoherent to coherently scattered x-ray radiation ( inc/coh) from µXRF (x-ray fluorescence) core scans. The inc/coh time series is used as a proxy for sediment grain size and, in combination with radiocarbon-anchored core age–depth models, enables the reconstruction of late-Holocene hydrologic variability for the Quinault River catchment. Decadal to centennial variability in inc/coh is interpreted to reflect trends in ocean-atmosphere teleconnections favorable for the formation of land-falling atmospheric rivers along the Pacific Ocean flank of the Olympic Mountains. Such processes likely modulate the rate of flooding and may explain notable increases in the frequency of flood event layers observed during the periods 2350–2450 cal. yr BP and the most recent century (AD 1910–2010). Understanding past hydrologic variability has important implications for the landscape and ecosystem response of Olympic Mountain catchments to future climate warming. }, number={8}, journal={HOLOCENE}, author={Smith, Stephen G. and Wegmann, Karl W. and Leithold, Elana L. and Bohnenstiehl, Delwayne R.}, year={2019}, month={Aug}, pages={1273–1291} }
 @article{langhorst_payelskyl_frasson_wei_domeneghetti_altenau_durand_minear_wegmann_fuller_2019, title={Anticipated Improvements to River Surface Elevation Profiles From the Surface Water and Ocean Topography Mission}, volume={7}, ISSN={["2296-6463"]}, DOI={10.3389/feart.2019.00102}, abstractNote={Existing publicly available digital elevation models (DEMs) provide global-scale data but are often not precise enough for studying processes that depend on small-scale topographic features in rivers. For example, slope breaks and knickpoints in rivers can be important in understanding tectonic processes, and riffle-pool structures are important drivers of riverine ecology. More precise data (e.g. lidar) are available in some areas, but their spatial extent limits large-scale research. The upcoming Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite mission is planned to launch in 2021 and will provide measurements of elevation and inundation extent of surface waters between 78° north and south latitude on average twice every 21 days. We present a novel noise reduction method for multitemporal river water surface elevation profiles from SWOT that combines a truncated singular value decomposition and a slope-constrained least-squares estimator. We use simulated SWOT data of 85-145 km sections of the Po, Sacramento, and Tanana Rivers to show that 3-12 months of simulated SWOT data can produce elevation profiles with mean absolute errors of 5.38-12.55 cm at 100-200 m along-stream resolution. Mean absolute errors can be reduced further to 4-11 cm by averaging all observations. The average profiles have errors much lower than existing DEMs, allowing new advances in riverine research globally. We consider two case studies in geomorphology and ecology that highlight the scientific value of the more accurate in-river DEMs expected from SWOT. Simulated SWOT elevation profiles for the Po reveal convexities in the river longitudinal profile that are spatially coincident with the upward projection of blind thrust faults that are buried beneath the Po Plain at the northern termination of the Apennine Mountains. Meanwhile, simulated SWOT data for the Sacramento River reveals locally steep sections of the river profile that represent important habitat for benthic invertebrates at a spatial scale previously unrecognizable in large-scale digital elevation models presently available for this river.}, journal={FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE}, author={Langhorst, Theodore and Payelskyl, Tamlin M. and Frasson, Renato Prata de Moraes and Wei, Rui and Domeneghetti, Alessio and Altenau, Elizabeth H. and Durand, Michael T. and Minear, J. Toby and Wegmann, Karl W. and Fuller, Matthew R.}, year={2019}, month={May} }
 @inproceedings{atkins_wegmann_2019, title={Characterizing channel head response to anthropogenic landscape modification}, volume={51}, DOI={10.1130/abs/2019am-337542}, number={5}, booktitle={Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs}, author={Atkins, R.M. and Wegmann, K.W.}, year={2019} }
 @inproceedings{kling_byrne_wyrick_wegmann_bohnenstiehl_2019, title={Field-based assessment of pit crater chains}, booktitle={50th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference}, author={Kling, C.L. and Byrne, P.K. and Wyrick, D.Y. and Wegmann, K.W. and Bohnenstiehl, D.R.}, year={2019}, pages={2132} }
 @inproceedings{kling_byrne_wyrick_wegmann_2019, title={Field-based assessment of pit crater chains}, booktitle={50th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference}, author={Kling, C.L. and Byrne, P.K. and Wyrick, D.Y. and Wegmann, K.W.}, year={2019} }
 @inproceedings{atkins_wegmann_brewer_mcconnell_2019, title={GeoJourney: Improving undergraduate pathways into the geosciences through an outdoor experiential high school-to-university bridge course}, volume={51}, DOI={10.1130/abs/2019AM-337509}, number={5}, booktitle={Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs}, author={Atkins, R.M. and Wegmann, K.W. and Brewer, C. and McConnell, D.}, year={2019} }
 @inproceedings{chesnutt_wegmann_szymanski_byrne_kling_2019, title={Landscape evolution comparison between Valles Marineris, Mars and the Rio Chama Canyon, New Mexico, USA}, booktitle={50th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference}, author={Chesnutt, J.M. and Wegmann, K.W. and Szymanski, E.D. and Byrne, P.K. and Kling, C.L.}, year={2019}, pages={2132} }
 @inproceedings{chesnutt_wegmann_szymanski_byrne_kling_2019, title={Landscape evolution comparison between Valles Marineris, Mars, and the Rio Chama Canyon, New Mexico}, booktitle={50th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference}, author={Chesnutt, J.M. and Wegmann, K.W. and Szymanski, E.D. and Byrne, P.K. and Kling, C.L.}, year={2019} }
 @inproceedings{wegmann_leithold_2019, title={Mid-Holocene earthquake-triggered landslides changed drainage patterns and forced genetic drift in a population of rainbow trout at Lake Crescent on the Olympic Peninsula, Washington State}, volume={51}, DOI={10.1130/abs/2019AM-341189}, number={5}, booktitle={Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs}, author={Wegmann, K.W. and Leithold, E.L.}, year={2019} }
 @inproceedings{atkins_byrne_wegmann_2019, title={Morphometry and timing of major crustal shortening structures on Mars}, booktitle={50th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference}, author={Atkins, R.M. and Byrne, P.K. and Wegmann, K.W.}, year={2019} }
 @article{ott_gallen_wegmann_biswas_herman_willett_2019, title={Pleistocene terrace formation, Quaternary rock uplift rates and geodynamics of the Hellenic Subduction Zone revealed from dating of paleoshorelines on Crete, Greece}, volume={525}, ISSN={["1385-013X"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.epsl.2019.115757}, abstractNote={Quaternary paleoshorelines are common landforms on the island of Crete, a forearc high above the Hellenic Subduction Zone. These geomorphic markers are useful on Crete and elsewhere in determining coastal uplift rates, the identification of active geologic structures, and to constrain geodynamic models and seismic hazards. Controversy exists in the literature regarding the formation mechanisms and age of late Pleistocene paleoshorelines on Crete that has led to competing models of the uplift history, tectonic evolution, and seismic hazards of the Hellenic forearc. We present new mapping and results from luminescence and radiocarbon geochronology of paleoshoreline deposits that constrain the spatial and temporal pattern of rock uplift around the Cretan coastline. Existing and new radiocarbon data are variable and show no obvious age-elevation trends within individual terrace sequences. By contrast, nearly all luminescence ages, some from shorelines dated with radiocarbon, show positive age-elevation trends and range from 60–220 ka suggesting that all dated paleoshorelines are beyond the limits of radiocarbon. We propose that the inconsistencies between the different geochronological methods are the result of secondary contamination of young carbonate, possibly from meteoric waters, that bias radiocarbon in Cretan Pleistocene marine fossils. Most luminescence ages closely correlate with the timing of mid-to-late Pleistocene relative sea level highstands, consistent with stratigraphic observations. Calculated coastal uplift rates using a Monte-Carlo error analysis range from ∼0–1.2 mm/yr; the lowest uplift rates are found along the northern and eastern coasts of the island, while the most rapid are focused along the southern and western coasts where active normal faults are observed offsetting paleoshoreline sequences. Based on this new data, we favor a tectonic model where slip along upper crustal normal faults acts to locally augment a steady regional signal of uplift along the south and west coast, interpreted to result from the deep underplating of rock at the base of the subduction wedge beneath Crete. Arcward of the contact between the upper plate Moho and the top of the subducting slab, crustal thinning will occur in the orogenic wedge resulting in subsidence along the north coast of Crete.}, journal={EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS}, author={Ott, Richard F. and Gallen, Sean F. and Wegmann, Karl W. and Biswas, Rabiul H. and Herman, Frederic and Willett, Sean D.}, year={2019}, month={Nov} }
 @inproceedings{ott_gallen_ueda_wegmann_willett_2019, title={Reassessing Mediterranean tectonics and earthquake hazard from the 365 AD earthquake}, volume={21}, booktitle={Geophysical Research Abstracts}, author={Ott, R. and Gallen, S. and Ueda, K. and Wegmann, K. and Willett, S.}, year={2019}, pages={1} }
 @article{leithold_wegmann_bohnenstiehl_joyner_pollen_2019, title={Repeated megaturbidite deposition in Lake Crescent, Washington, USA, triggered by Holocene ruptures of the Lake Creek-Boundary Creek fault system}, volume={131}, ISSN={["1943-2674"]}, DOI={10.1130/B35076.1}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={11-12}, journal={GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN}, author={Leithold, Elana L. and Wegmann, Karl W. and Bohnenstiehl, D. R. and Joyner, Catelyn N. and Pollen, Audrianna F.}, year={2019}, pages={2039–2055} }
 @inproceedings{runnels_murray_holcomb_wegmann_eppes_sharp_2019, place={Borrego Springs, CA}, title={Robert Begole's 'Early Man' Sites in the Anza-Borrego Desert State Park: New Research on Lithics in Desert Pavements in Hyperarid Environments}, booktitle={International Conference on Early Humans in the Americas}, publisher={Colorado Desert Archaeology Society}, author={Runnels, C. and Murray, P. and Holcomb, J. and Wegmann, K. and Eppes, M.C. and Sharp, W.D.}, editor={Holen, S. and Connors, R.Editors}, year={2019} }
 @inproceedings{ott_gallen_wegmann_ueda_2019, title={Synconvergent Extension and the AD 365 earthquake: Implications for seismic and tsunami hazards in the eastern Mediterranean}, booktitle={American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting}, author={Ott, R. and Gallen, S. and Wegmann, K.W. and Ueda, K.}, year={2019}, pages={T41J–0261} }
 @inproceedings{langhorst_pavelsky_frasson_wei_domeneghetti_altenau_durand_minear_wegmann_fuller_2018, title={Anticipated improvements to in-river DEMs from the Surface Water and Ocean Topography Mission}, booktitle={American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting}, author={Langhorst, T. and Pavelsky, T. and Frasson, R.P.M. and Wei, R. and Domeneghetti, A. and Altenau, E.H. and Durand, M.T. and Minear, J.T. and Wegmann, K.W. and Fuller, M.}, year={2018} }
 @inproceedings{vo_leithold_wegmann_2018, title={Classification of disturbance events preserved in late Holocene sedimentary record of Lake Crescent, WA}, booktitle={American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting}, author={Vo, A. and Leithold, E.L. and Wegmann, K.W.}, year={2018} }
 @inproceedings{mcconnell_wegmann_2018, title={Enhancing Communications and Building Partnerships Between University Geoscience Faculty and K-12 Students and Teachers}, booktitle={American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting}, author={McConnell, D. and Wegmann, K.}, year={2018} }
 @inproceedings{leithold_wegmann_2018, title={Episodic sedimentation and the stratigraphic record—A legacy of Bob Dott's Musings, and an example from Holocene lacustrine sediments in western Washington}, volume={50}, DOI={10.1130/abs/2018AM-318135}, number={6}, booktitle={Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs}, author={Leithold, E.L. and Wegmann, K.W.}, year={2018} }
 @book{levine_wegmann_mitasova_eads_lyons_harmon_mccarther_peart_oberle_walter_2018, title={Freshwater Bivalve Survey for Endangered Species Branch Fort Bragg, NC}, url={http://rgdoi.net/10.13140/RG.2.2.17512.11521}, DOI={10.13140/RG.2.2.17512.11521}, journal={US Army Corps of Engineers}, institution={US Army Corps of Engineers}, author={Levine, Jay and Wegmann, Karl W. and Mitasova, Helena and Eads, Chris and Lyons, Nathan and Harmon, Brendan and McCarther, Chanelle and Peart, Samantha and Oberle, Nicholas and Walter, Mike}, year={2018} }
 @inproceedings{kling_byrne_wyrick_wegmann_2018, title={Investigating the formation of Noctis Labyrinthus, Mars}, booktitle={American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting}, author={Kling, C.L. and Byrne, P.K. and Wyrick, D.Y. and Wegmann, K.W.}, year={2018} }
 @inproceedings{lee_wegmann_travels_2018, title={Leave it to beavers: evaluating the potential for incised stream restoration using natural and analog beaver dams}, booktitle={Water Resources Research Institute of the University of North Carolina 20th Annual Conference}, author={Lee, A. and Wegmann, K.W. and Travels, D.T.}, year={2018} }
 @inproceedings{ott_gallen_willett_biswas_wegmann_2018, title={Mechanisms of forearc uplift of the Hellenic Subduction Zone revealed by dating of paleoshorelines on Crete, Greece:  Implications for geodynamics and earthquake hazards in the Eastern Mediterranean}, booktitle={EGU General Assembly}, author={Ott, R. and Gallen, S.F. and Willett, S. and Biswas, R.H. and Wegmann, K.W.}, year={2018} }
 @inproceedings{ott_gallen_willet_biswas_wegmann_2018, title={Mechanisms of forearc uplift of the Hellenic Subduction Zone revealed by dating of paleoshorelines on Crete, Greece: Implications for geodynamics and earthquake hazards in the Eastern Mediterranean}, volume={20}, booktitle={Geophysical Research Abstracts}, author={Ott, R. and Gallen, S.F. and Willet, S. and Biswas, R.H. and Wegmann, K.W.}, year={2018} }
 @article{smith_wegmann_2018, title={Precipitation, landsliding, and erosion across the Olympic Mountains, Washington State, USA}, volume={300}, ISSN={0169-555X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.GEOMORPH.2017.10.008}, DOI={10.1016/J.GEOMORPH.2017.10.008}, abstractNote={In the Olympic Mountains of Washington State, landsliding is the primary surface process by which bedrock and hillslope regolith are delivered to river networks. However, the relative importance of large earthquakes versus high magnitude precipitation events to the total volume of landslide material transported to valley bottoms remains unknown in part due to the absence of large historical earthquakes. To test the hypothesis that erosion is linked to precipitation, approximately 1000 landslides were mapped from Google Earth imagery between 1990 and 2015 along a ~ 15 km-wide × ~ 85 km-long (1250 km2) swath across the range. The volume of hillslope material moved by each slide was calculated using previously published area–volume scaling relationships, and the spatial distribution of landslide volume was compared to mean annual precipitation data acquired from the PRISM climate group for the period 1981–2010. Statistical analysis reveals a significant correlation (r = 0.55; p < 0.001) between total landslide volume and mean annual precipitation, with 98% of landslide volume occurring along the windward, high-precipitation side of the range during the 25-year interval. Normalized to area, this volume yields a basin-wide erosion rate of 0.28 ± 0.11 mm yr− 1, which is similar to previous time-variable estimates of erosion throughout the Olympic Mountains, including those from river sediment yield, cosmogenic 10Be, fluvial terrace incision, and thermochronometry. The lack of large historic earthquakes makes it difficult to assess the relative contributions of precipitation and seismic shaking to total erosion, but our results suggest that climate, and more specifically a sharp precipitation gradient, plays an important role in controlling erosion and landscape evolution over both short and long timescales across the Olympic Mountains.}, journal={Geomorphology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Smith, Stephen G. and Wegmann, Karl W.}, year={2018}, month={Jan}, pages={141–150} }
 @inproceedings{holcomb_wegmann_karkanas_fletcher_jenkins_2018, place={Oregon, USA}, title={Site formation processes at the Connley Caves: A record of environmental and cultural change during the Late Pleistocene and early Holocene in the Fort Rock Basin, Oregon, USA}, volume={50}, DOI={10.1130/abs/2018AM-323064}, number={6}, booktitle={Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs}, publisher={Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs}, author={Holcomb, J.A. and Wegmann, K.W. and Karkanas, P. and Fletcher, B. and Jenkins, D.}, year={2018} }
 @inproceedings{kling_byrne_wyrick_wegmann_2018, title={Spatial and temporal relationships between pit craters and graben within Noctis Labyrinthus, Mars}, volume={49}, booktitle={Lunar and Planetary Science Conference}, author={Kling, C.L. and Byrne, P.K. and Wyrick, D.Y. and Wegmann, K.W.}, year={2018} }
 @book{chesnutt_pawl_wegmann_cole_white_byrne_2018, place={Raleigh, NC}, title={Surficial and Bedrock Map of the 1:24,000-scale Mesa Lakes Quadrangle, Grand Mesa, Colorado}, url={https://go.ncsu.edu/grand-mesa-geo-project.}, institution={North Carolina State University}, author={Chesnutt, J.M. and Pawl, T. and Wegmann, K. and Cole, R. and White, J. and Byrne, P.}, year={2018} }
 @inproceedings{strasser_panagopoulou_runnels_wegmann_2018, place={Ρέθυμνο}, title={The Palaeolithic and Mesolithic periods on Crete: Chronostratigraphical evidence from the Plakias survey}, volume={A1.1}, booktitle={ΠΕΠΡΑΓΜΕΝΑ ΙΑ’ ́ ΔΙΕΘΝΟΥΣ ΚΡΗΤΟΛΟΓΙΚΟΥ ΣΥΝΕΔΡΙΟΥ}, publisher={ΤΜΗΜΑ ΑΡΧΑΙΟΛΟΓΙΚΟ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΚΗ ΚΑΙ ΛΑΟΓΡΑΦΙΚΗ ΕΤΑΙΡΕΙΑ ΡΕΘΥΜΝΗΣ}, author={Strasser, T.F. and Panagopoulou, E. and Runnels, C. and Wegmann, K.}, year={2018}, pages={123–133} }
 @inproceedings{caves rugenstein_sjostrom_mix_methner_wacker_bayshashov_zhamangara_lüdecke_mulch_fiebig_et al._2018, title={Tracking interactions of the westerly jet and topography: uplift of the Tian Shan and Altai}, volume={20}, booktitle={Geophysical Research Abstracts}, author={Caves Rugenstein, J.K. and Sjostrom, D.J. and Mix, H. and Methner, K. and Wacker, U. and Bayshashov, B.U. and Zhamangara, A. and Lüdecke, T. and Mulch, A. and Fiebig, J. and et al.}, year={2018} }
 @inproceedings{leithold_wegmann_bohnenstiehl_2017, place={Washington}, title={A Holocene earthquake record from Lake Crescent, Olympic Peninsula, Washington}, volume={49}, DOI={10.1130/abs/2017am-300149}, number={6}, booktitle={Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs}, publisher={Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs}, author={Leithold, E.L. and Wegmann, K.W. and Bohnenstiehl, D.R.}, year={2017} }
 @inproceedings{bayasgalan_wegmann_fodor_amgalan_2017, title={Contrasting late Miocene to present landscape evolution across Mongolia's Khangay Mountains through the lens of chemical and physical weathering processes}, volume={49}, DOI={10.1130/abs/2017AM-302911}, number={6}, booktitle={Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs}, author={Bayasgalan, G. and Wegmann, K.W. and Fodor, R.V. and Amgalan, Bayasgalan}, year={2017} }
 @inproceedings{stubblefield_byrne_wegmann_mitasova_kling_2017, title={Extensional tectonics at Alba Mons: A case study of regional and local stress fields}, volume={49}, DOI={10.1130/abs/2017am-307262}, booktitle={Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs}, author={Stubblefield, R.K. and Byrne, P.K. and Wegmann, K.W. and Mitasova, H. and Kling, C.L.}, year={2017} }
 @article{morriss_wegmann_2017, title={Geomorphology of the Burnt River, eastern Oregon, USA: Topographic adjustments to tectonic and dynamic deformation}, volume={278}, ISSN={["1872-695X"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.09.015}, abstractNote={Eastern Oregon contains the deepest gorge in North America, where the Snake River cuts vertically down 2300 m. This deep gorge is known as Hells Canyon. A landscape containing such a topographic feature is likely undergoing relatively recent deformation. Study of the Burnt River, a tributary to the Snake River at the upstream end of Hells Canyon, yields data on active river incision in eastern Oregon, indicating that Quaternary faults are a first order control on regional landscape development. Through 1:24,000-scale geologic mapping, a 500,000-year record of fluvial incision along the Burnt River was constructed and is chronologically anchored by optically stimulated luminescence dating and tephrochronology analyses. A conceptual model of fluvial terrace formation was developed using these ages and likely applies to other non-glaciated catchments in eastern Oregon. Mapped terraces, inferred to have formed during glacial-interglacial cycles, provide constraints on rates of incision of the Burnt River. Incision through these terraces indicates that the Burnt River is down-cutting at 0.15 to 0.57 m kyr− 1. This incision appears to reflect a combination of local base-level adjustments tied to movement along the newly mapped Durkee fault and regional base-level control imposed by the downcutting of the Snake River. Deformation of terraces as young as 38.7 ± 5.1 ka indicates Quaternary activity along the Durkee fault, and when combined with topographic metrics (slope, relief, hypsometry, and stream-steepness), reveals a landscape in disequilibrium. Longer wavelength lithospheric dynamics (delamination and crustal foundering) that initiated in the Miocene may also be responsible for continued regional deformation of the Earth's surface.}, journal={GEOMORPHOLOGY}, author={Morriss, Matthew Connor and Wegmann, Karl W.}, year={2017}, month={Feb}, pages={43–59} }
 @article{gallen_wegmann_2017, title={Interactive comment on "Distinct phases of eustatism and tectonics control the Late Quaternary landscape evolution at the southern coastline of Crete" by Vasiliki Mouslopoulou et al.}, url={http://www.earth-surf-dynam-discuss.net/esurf-2016-62/esurf-2016-62-SC1-supplement.pdf}, journal={Earth Surface Dynamics}, author={Gallen, S.F. and Wegmann, K.W.}, year={2017}, month={Jan} }
 @article{gallen_wegmann_2017, title={Interactive comment on "Distinct phases of eustatism and tectonics control the Late Quaternary landscape evolution at the southern coastline of Crete" by Vasiliki Mouslopoulou et al.; Clarifying points on the response of Mouslopoulou et al. to short comment by Gallen and Wegmann}, journal={Earth Surface Dynamics}, author={Gallen, S.F. and Wegmann, K.W.}, year={2017}, month={Jan} }
 @inproceedings{wegmann_leithold_bohnenstiehl_joyner_pollen_2017, place={Washington}, title={Lacustrine paleoseismology from Lake Crescent confirms multiple Holocene ruptures of the Lake Creek - Boundary Creek fault zone in response to northward convergence and clockwise rotation of the northern Olympic Peninsula, Washington}, volume={49}, DOI={10.1130/abs/2017AM-305062}, booktitle={Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs}, publisher={Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs}, author={Wegmann, K.W. and Leithold, E.L. and Bohnenstiehl, D.R. and Joyner, C. and Pollen, A.F.}, year={2017} }
 @inproceedings{chesnutt_wegmann_cole_byrne_2017, title={Landscape evolution comparison between Sacra Mensa, Mars and the Grand Mesa, Colorado, USA}, booktitle={American Geophysical Union, 2017 Fall Meeting}, author={Chesnutt, J.M. and Wegmann, K.W. and Cole, R.D. and Byrne, P.K.}, year={2017} }
 @inproceedings{lee_wegmann_travels_2017, title={Leave it to Beavers: Evaluating the potential for down-stream water quality improvements of incised stream systems in eastern North Carolina using natural and analog beaver dams}, booktitle={Water Resources Research Institute of the University of North Carolina 19th Annual Conference}, author={Lee, A.A. and Wegmann, K.W. and Travels, D.T.}, year={2017} }
 @article{wall_bohnenstiehl_wegmann_levine_2017, title={Morphometric comparisons between automated and manual karst depression inventories in Apalachicola National Forest, Florida, and Mammoth Cave National Park, Kentucky, USA}, volume={85}, ISSN={["1573-0840"]}, DOI={10.1007/s11069-016-2600-x}, number={2}, journal={NATURAL HAZARDS}, author={Wall, John and Bohnenstiehl, DelWayne R. and Wegmann, Karl W. and Levine, Norman S.}, year={2017}, month={Jan}, pages={729–749} }
 @misc{dartnell_warrick_wegmann_2017, title={Multibeam bathymetry and acoustic backscatter data collected in 2016 for Lake Crescent, Olympic National Park, Washington}, url={https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/586d3165e4b0f5ce109faa51}, DOI={10.5066/F7B56GW5}, abstractNote={In February 2016 the U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center in cooperation with North Carolina State University and the National Park Service collected multibeam bathymetry and acoustic backscatter data in Lake Crescent located in Olympic National Park, Washington. These data were collected to support geologic hazard studies within the lake including mapping submarine landslides and faulting. Data were collected using a Reson 7111 multibeam echosounder pole-mounted to the 36-foot USGS R/V Parke Snavely. 
 
This USGS data release provides the processed bathymetry data in ASCIIRaster format, the acoustic backscatter data in TIFF format, as well as PDF maps of shaded relief bathymetry and acoustic backscatter and FGDC metadata.}, publisher={U.S. Geological Survey}, author={Dartnell, Peter and Warrick, Jonathan A, and Wegmann, Karl W.}, year={2017} }
 @article{gallen_wegmann_2017, title={River profile response to normal fault growth and linkage: an example from the Hellenic forearc of south-central Crete, Greece}, volume={5}, ISSN={["2196-632X"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-5-161-2017}, DOI={10.5194/esurf-5-161-2017}, abstractNote={Abstract. Topography is a reflection of the tectonic and geodynamic processes that act to uplift the Earth's surface and the erosional processes that work to return it to base level. Numerous studies have shown that topography is a sensitive recorder of tectonic signals. A quasi-physical understanding of the relationship between river incision and rock uplift has made the analysis of fluvial topography a popular technique for deciphering relative, and some argue absolute, histories of rock uplift. Here we present results from a study of the fluvial topography from south-central Crete, demonstrating that river longitudinal profiles indeed record the relative history of uplift, but several other processes make it difficult to recover quantitative uplift histories. Prior research demonstrates that the south-central coastline of Crete is bound by a large ( ∼  100 km long) E–W striking composite normal fault system. Marine terraces reveal that it is uplifting between 0.1 and 1.0 mm yr−1. These studies suggest that two normal fault systems, the offshore Ptolemy and onshore South-Central Crete faults, linked together in the recent geologic past (ca. 0.4–1 My BP). Fault mechanics predict that when adjacent faults link into a single fault the uplift rate in footwalls of the linkage zone will increase rapidly. We use this natural experiment to assess the response of river profiles to a temporal jump in uplift rate and to assess the applicability of the stream power incision model to this setting. Using river profile analysis we show that rivers in south-central Crete record the relative uplift history of fault growth and linkage as theory predicts that they should. Calibration of the commonly used stream power incision model shows that the slope exponent, n, is  ∼  0.5, contrary to most studies that find n  ≥  1. Analysis of fluvial knickpoints shows that migration distances are not proportional to upstream contributing drainage area, as predicted by the stream power incision model. Maps of the transformed stream distance variable, χ, indicate that drainage basin instability, drainage divide migration, and river capture events complicate river profile analysis in south-central Crete. Waterfalls are observed in southern Crete and appear to operate under less efficient and different incision mechanics than assumed by the stream power incision model. Drainage area exchange and waterfall formation are argued to obscure linkages between empirically derived metrics and quasi-physical descriptions of river incision, making it difficult to quantitatively interpret rock uplift histories from river profiles in this setting. Karst hydrology, break down of assumed drainage area discharge scaling, and chemical weathering might also contribute to the failure of the stream power incision model to adequately predict the behavior of the fluvial system in south-central Crete.}, number={1}, journal={EARTH SURFACE DYNAMICS}, publisher={Copernicus GmbH}, author={Gallen, Sean F. and Wegmann, Karl W.}, year={2017}, month={Feb}, pages={161–186} }
 @article{leithold_wegmann_bohnenstiehl_smith_noren_o’grady_2017, title={Slope failures within and upstream of Lake Quinault, Washington, as uneven responses to Holocene earthquakes along the Cascadia subduction zone}, volume={89}, ISSN={0033-5894 1096-0287}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/QUA.2017.96}, DOI={10.1017/QUA.2017.96}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={Quaternary Research}, publisher={Cambridge University Press (CUP)}, author={Leithold, Elana L. and Wegmann, Karl W. and Bohnenstiehl, Delwayne R. and Smith, Stephen G. and Noren, Anders and O’Grady, Ryan}, year={2017}, month={Nov}, pages={178–200} }
 @inproceedings{chesnutt_pawl_wegmann_cole_byrne_white_2017, place={Grand Mesa, Colorado}, title={Surficial, bedrock and geohazard map of the Mesa Lakes Quadrangle, Grand Mesa Colorado}, volume={49}, DOI={10.1130/abs/2017am-305117}, number={6}, booktitle={Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs}, publisher={Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs}, author={Chesnutt, J.M. and Pawl, T.A. and Wegmann, K.W. and Cole, R.D. and Byrne, P.K. and White, J.L.}, year={2017} }
 @article{walker_wegmann_bayasgalan_carson_elliott_fox_nissen_sloan_williams_wright_2017, title={The Egiin Davaa prehistoric rupture, central Mongolia: a large magnitude normal faulting earthquake on a reactivated fault with little cumulative slip located in a slowly deforming intraplate setting}, volume={432}, ISSN={["0305-8719"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp432.4}, DOI={10.1144/sp432.4}, abstractNote={Abstract The prehistoric Egiin Davaa earthquake rupture is well-preserved in late Quaternary deposits within the Hangay Mountains of central Mongolia. The rupture is expressed by a semi-continuous 80 km-long topographic scarp. Geomorphological reconstructions reveal a relatively constant scarp height of 4–4.5 m and a NW-directed slip vector. Previous researchers have suggested that the scarp's exceptional geomorphological preservation indicates that it may correspond to an earthquake that occurred in the region c. 500 years ago. However, we constrain the last rupture to have been at least 4 ka ago from morphological dating and <7.4 ka ago based on radiocarbon dating from one of two palaeoseismic trenches. Our study shows that discrete earthquake ruptures, along with details such as the locations of partially infilled fissures, can be preserved for periods well in excess of 1000 years in the interior of Asia, providing an archive of fault movements that can be directly read from the Earth's surface over a timescale appropriate for the study of slowly deforming continental interiors. The Egiin Davaa rupture involved c. 8 m of slip which, along with the observations that it is largely unsegmented along its length and that the ratio of cumulative slip (c. 250 m) to fault length (c. 80 km) is small, suggests relatively recent reactivation of a pre-existing geological structure. Supplementary material: All scarp profiles are available at http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18871}, number={1}, journal={SEISMICITY, FAULT RUPTURE AND EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS IN SLOWLY DEFORMING REGIONS}, publisher={Geological Society of London}, author={Walker, R. T. and Wegmann, K. W. and Bayasgalan, A. and Carson, R. J. and Elliott, J. and Fox, M. and Nissen, E. and Sloan, R. A. and Williams, J. M. and Wright, E.}, year={2017}, pages={187–212} }
 @inproceedings{kling_byrne_wyrick_wegmann_mitasova_2017, title={The formation of pit craters within Noctis Labyrinthus, Mars}, volume={49}, DOI={10.1130/abs/2017am-307391}, number={6}, booktitle={Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs}, author={Kling, C.L. and Byrne, P.K. and Wyrick, D.Y. and Wegmann, K.W. and Mitasova, H.}, year={2017} }
 @inproceedings{stufflefield_byrne_wegmann_mitasova_kling_2017, title={Topographic signatures of extensional tectonic landforms at Alba Mons, Mars}, booktitle={American Geophysical Union, 2017 Fall Meeting}, author={Stufflefield, R.K. and Byrne, P.K. and Wegmann, K.W. and Mitasova, H. and Kling, C.L.}, year={2017} }
 @article{smith_wegmann_ancuta_gosse_hopkins_2016, title={Paleotopography and erosion rates in the central Hangay Dome, Mongolia: Landscape evolution since the mid-Miocene}, volume={125}, ISSN={["1878-5786"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.jseaes.2016.05.013}, abstractNote={Standing over 2 km above the surrounding topography and flanked by orogen-scale strike-slip faults, the Hangay Dome in central Mongolia is characterized by long wavelength high topography, basaltic eruptions spanning 30 million years, and an abundance of flat-topped summit plateaus. However, despite decades of research, the origin and timing of the intraplate Hangay Dome uplift continues to be debated. Using Landsat imagery, GIS, and cosmogenic beryllium-10, we employ geomorphic investigations of (1) paleotopography preserved beneath basalt flows of known age, (2) erosion rates at various temporal scales, and (3) the relative contribution of glacial activity to total erosion to provide insight into the nature of landscape evolution in the Egiin Davaa region of the central Hangay Dome since the middle Miocene. Reconstruction of paleo-valleys cut into Paleozoic basement rock that exhibit a degree of local relief (>600 m) similar to the modern landscape, sluggish mean erosion rates (<45 m Myr−1), and dominance of glacial erosion suggest that there has been no dramatic change in tectonic forcing of the study area since ∼13 Ma, and that high amplitude climate oscillations beginning in the Pliocene have led to an environment influenced primarily by the activity of glaciers. These results provide support for uplift onset during the Oligocene or early Miocene, quantify landscape evolution since the middle Miocene, and underscore the importance of considering geomorphic archives found on Earth's surface when building models of intra-continental epeirogeny.}, journal={JOURNAL OF ASIAN EARTH SCIENCES}, author={Smith, Stephen G. and Wegmann, Karl W. and Ancuta, Leonard D. and Gosse, John C. and Hopkins, Chelsea E.}, year={2016}, month={Aug}, pages={37–57} }
 @article{smith_wegmann_ancuta_gosse_hopkins_2016, title={Paleotopography and erosion rates in the central Hangay Dome, Mongolia: Landscape evolution since the mid-Miocene }, volume={125}, url={http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1367912016301274}, DOI={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2016.05.013}, abstractNote={Standing over 2 km above the surrounding topography and flanked by orogen-scale strike-slip faults, the Hangay Dome in central Mongolia is characterized by long wavelength high topography, basaltic eruptions spanning 30 million years, and an abundance of flat-topped summit plateaus. However, despite decades of research, the origin and timing of the intraplate Hangay Dome uplift continues to be debated. Using Landsat imagery, GIS, and cosmogenic beryllium-10, we employ geomorphic investigations of (1) paleotopography preserved beneath basalt flows of known age, (2) erosion rates at various temporal scales, and (3) the relative contribution of glacial activity to total erosion to provide insight into the nature of landscape evolution in the Egiin Davaa region of the central Hangay Dome since the middle Miocene. Reconstruction of paleo-valleys cut into Paleozoic basement rock that exhibit a degree of local relief (>600 m) similar to the modern landscape, sluggish mean erosion rates (<45 m Myr−1), and dominance of glacial erosion suggest that there has been no dramatic change in tectonic forcing of the study area since ∼13 Ma, and that high amplitude climate oscillations beginning in the Pliocene have led to an environment influenced primarily by the activity of glaciers. These results provide support for uplift onset during the Oligocene or early Miocene, quantify landscape evolution since the middle Miocene, and underscore the importance of considering geomorphic archives found on Earth's surface when building models of intra-continental epeirogeny.}, journal={Journal of Asian Earth Sciences}, author={Smith, Stephen G. and Wegmann, Karl W. and Ancuta, Leonard D. and Gosse, John C. and Hopkins, Chelsea E.}, year={2016}, pages={37–57} }
 @article{gallen_wegmann_2016, title={River profile response to normal fault growth and linkage: An example from the Hellenic forearc of south-central Crete, Greece}, volume={11}, url={https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2016-52}, DOI={10.5194/esurf-2016-52}, abstractNote={Abstract. Topography is a reflection of the tectonic and geodynamic processes that act to uplift the Earth's surface and the erosional processes that work to return it to base level. Numerous studies have shown that topography is a sensitive recorder or tectonic signals. A quasi-physical understanding of the relationship between river incision and rock uplift has made the analysis of fluvial topography a popular technique for deciphering relative, and some argue absolute, histories of rock uplift. Here we present results from a study of the fluvial topography from south-central Crete demonstrating that river longitudinal profiles indeed record the relative history of uplift, but several other processes make it difficult to recover quantitative uplift histories. Prior research demonstrates that the south-central coastline of Crete is bound by a large (~100 km long) E-W striking composite normal fault system. Marine terraces reveal that it is uplifting between 0.1–1.0 mm yr−1. These studies suggest that two normal fault systems, the offshore Ptolemy and onshore South-Central Crete faults linked together in the recent geologic past (Ca. 0.4–1 Myrs bp). Fault mechanics predicts that when adjacent faults link into a single fault the uplift rate in the linkage zone will increase rapidly. Using river profile analysis we show that rivers in south-central Crete record the relative uplift history of fault growth and linkage, as theory predicts that they should. Calibration of the commonly used stream power incision model shows that the slope exponent, n, is ~ 0.5, contrary to most studies that find n ≥ 1. Analysis of fluvial knickpoints shows that migration distances are not proportional to upstream contributing drainage area, as predicted by the stream power incision model. Maps of the transformed stream distance variable, χ, indicate that drainage basin instability, drainage divide migration and river capture events complicate river profile analysis in south-central Crete. Waterfalls are observed in southern Crete and appear to operate under less efficient and different incision mechanics than assumed by the stream power incision model. Drainage area exchange and waterfall formation are argued to obscure linkages between empirically derived metrics and quasi-physical descriptions of river incision, making is difficult to quantitatively interpret rock uplift histories from river profiles in this setting. Karst hydrology, break down of assumed drainage area-discharge scaling and chemical weathering might also contribute to the failure of the stream power incision model to adequately predict the behavior of the fluvial system in south-central Crete.
                        }, publisher={Copernicus GmbH}, author={Gallen, Sean F. and Wegmann, Karl W.}, year={2016}, month={Nov} }
 @article{leithold_blair_wegmann_2016, title={Source-to-sink sedimentary systems and global carbon burial: A river runs through it}, volume={153}, ISSN={["1872-6828"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.earscirev.2015.10.011}, abstractNote={Source to sink sedimentary systems are important settings of carbon cycling, serving as sites of carbon transfer between terrestrial and marine reservoirs, and as the primary locations for organic carbon burial on Earth. The age and character of the carbon that is buried at the terminal ends of these systems reflects the sources and transformations of the organic carbon (OC) throughout their linked terrestrial and marine segments. Profound differences are observed between large passive and small active margin systems. Large passive margin systems are characterized by large floodplains and relatively broad shelves where OC has protracted exposure to oxidants. Rapid burial in prograding, subaqueous deltaic clinoforms or bypass to submarine fans, however, leads to high burial efficiency of terrestrial biospheric OC in some passive margin settings. The OC in small active margin systems, in contrast, follows relatively short pathways from headwaters to seabed. This rapid transit, facilitated by the important role of storm-driven transport in such settings, can lead to high OC burial efficiencies. The study of OC sources and transformations in contemporaneous source to sink sedimentary systems informs interpretations about the systems in which OC was buried in the geologic past, their stratigraphic records of environmental change, and their potential to produce petroleum resources.}, journal={EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS}, author={Leithold, Elana L. and Blair, Neal E. and Wegmann, Karl W.}, year={2016}, month={Feb}, pages={30–42} }
 @article{leithold_blair_wegmann_2016, title={Source-to-sink sedimentary systems and global carbon burial: A river runs through it }, volume={153}, url={http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S001282521530057X}, DOI={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2015.10.011}, abstractNote={Source to sink sedimentary systems are important settings of carbon cycling, serving as sites of carbon transfer between terrestrial and marine reservoirs, and as the primary locations for organic carbon burial on Earth. The age and character of the carbon that is buried at the terminal ends of these systems reflects the sources and transformations of the organic carbon (OC) throughout their linked terrestrial and marine segments. Profound differences are observed between large passive and small active margin systems. Large passive margin systems are characterized by large floodplains and relatively broad shelves where OC has protracted exposure to oxidants. Rapid burial in prograding, subaqueous deltaic clinoforms or bypass to submarine fans, however, leads to high burial efficiency of terrestrial biospheric OC in some passive margin settings. The OC in small active margin systems, in contrast, follows relatively short pathways from headwaters to seabed. This rapid transit, facilitated by the important role of storm-driven transport in such settings, can lead to high OC burial efficiencies. The study of OC sources and transformations in contemporaneous source to sink sedimentary systems informs interpretations about the systems in which OC was buried in the geologic past, their stratigraphic records of environmental change, and their potential to produce petroleum resources.}, note={Source-to-Sink Systems: Sediment & Solute Transfer on the Earth Surface }, journal={Earth-Science Reviews}, author={Leithold, Elana L. and Blair, Neal E. and Wegmann, Karl W.}, year={2016}, pages={30–42} }
 @article{lyons_starek_wegmann_mitasova_2015, title={Bank erosion of legacy sediment at the transition from vertical to lateral stream incision}, volume={40}, ISSN={["1096-9837"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.3753}, DOI={10.1002/esp.3753}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={13}, journal={EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS}, author={Lyons, Nathan J. and Starek, Michael J. and Wegmann, Karl W. and Mitasova, Helena}, year={2015}, month={Oct}, pages={1764–1778} }
 @article{gallen_wegmann_2015, title={Exploring the origins of modern topographic relief in the southern Appalachians: An excursion through the transient landscape of the Cullasaja River basin, North Carolina}, volume={39}, url={http://fieldguides.gsapubs.org/content/39/145.abstract}, DOI={10.1130/2015.0039(05)}, abstractNote={This volume includes nine field trip guides that explore geological history and visit four regional geologic provinces—Blue Ridge, Valley and Ridge, Cumberland Plateau, and the Nashville dome. Two guides focus on the Cumberland Plateau structure and hydrology. Two explore aspects of the Nashville dome, including Mississippian Waulsortian mounds and meso-scale structural deformation. Various aspects of the Valley and Ridge are visited on three trips, including the 1925 Scopes trial in Dayton, Tennessee, structural aspects of the Sequatchie Valley, and regional Silurian Red Mountain/Rockwood stratigraphy. Two field trips explore features of the Blue Ridge province—one investigates southernmost Appalachian exposures of metamorphosed lower Paleozoic rock, and another focuses on the Appalachian geomorphological response to uplift during the late Cenozoic.}, journal={Field Guides}, author={Gallen, Sean F. and Wegmann, Karl W.}, year={2015}, pages={145–167} }
 @book{morriss_vezie_wegmann_2015, place={Raleigh, NC}, title={Geologic Map of the Upper Burnt River Canyon, Baker County, Oregon}, url={https://go.ncsu.edu/burnt-river-corridor-geo-project.}, institution={North Carolina State University}, author={Morriss, M.C. and Vezie, C. and Wegmann, K.}, year={2015} }
 @book{thackray_gavin_ritchie_wegmann_ashworth_ely_2015, place={Washington}, title={Late Pleistocene to Modern Geomorphic and Biotic History of the Olympic Peninsula, Washington: Friends of the Pleistocene}, url={http://www.fop.cascadiageo.org/pacific_northwest_cell/2015/FOP_PNW_2015_Olympic_field_guide.pdf}, journal={Friends of the Pleistocene, Pacific Northwest Cell Field Trip}, author={Thackray, G. and Gavin, D. and Ritchie, A. and Wegmann, K. and Ashworth, A. and Ely, L.}, year={2015} }
 @article{gallen_pazzaglia_wegmann_pederson_gardner_2015, title={The dynamic reference frame of rivers and apparent transience in incision rates}, volume={43}, ISSN={["1943-2682"]}, url={http://geology.gsapubs.org/content/early/2015/05/26/G36692.1.abstract}, DOI={10.1130/g36692.1}, abstractNote={Incision rates derived from river terraces are commonly used to infer rock uplift rates; however, an apparent dependence of incision rate on measured time interval may confound directly relating incision to uplift. The time-dependent incision rates are a Sadler effect that have been argued to result from a stochastic distribution of hiatal intervals in river incision, potentially reducing the utility of incision records for interpreting unsteadiness in tectonic processes. Here we show that time-dependent incision rates can arise from a simple systematic bias in the distance measurement used to calculate incision rate, and thus stochastic causes are not required. We present a conceptual model that describes the dynamic history of streambed elevation over cycles of terrace formation, illustrating that measured incision rate is time dependent because the stream channel reference frame is not fixed with respect to the geoid. Because it is challenging to reconstruct the full elevation history for a river channel, most researchers use the modern streambed elevation as a reference datum, but we demonstrate that doing so imposes a bias that manifests as an apparent dependence of rate on measured time interval. Fortunately, correction of this bias is straightforward, and allows river incision data to be used in studies of tectonic or climatic unsteadiness.}, number={7}, journal={GEOLOGY}, author={Gallen, Sean F. and Pazzaglia, Frank J. and Wegmann, Karl W. and Pederson, Joel L. and Gardner, Thomas W.}, year={2015}, month={Jul}, pages={623–626} }
 @article{gallen_wegmann_bohnenstiehl_pazzaglia_brandon_fassoulas_2014, title={Active simultaneous uplift and margin-normal extension in a forearc high, Crete, Greece}, volume={398}, ISSN={["1385-013X"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.epsl.2014.04.038}, abstractNote={The island of Crete occupies a forearc high in the central Hellenic subduction zone and is characterized by sustained exhumation, surface uplift and extension. The processes governing orogenesis and topographic development here remain poorly understood. Dramatic topographic relief (2–6km) astride the southern coastline of Crete is associated with large margin-parallel faults responsible for deep bathymetric depressions known as the Hellenic troughs. These structures have been interpreted as both active and inactive with either contractional, strike-slip, or extensional movement histories. Distinguishing between these different structural styles and kinematic histories here allows us to explore more general models for improving our global understanding of the tectonic and geodynamic processes of syn-convergent extension. We present new observations from the south–central coastline of Crete that clarifies the role of these faults in the late Cenozoic evolution of the central Hellenic margin and the processes controlling Quaternary surface uplift. Pleistocene marine terraces are used in conjunction with optically stimulated luminesce dating and correlation to the Quaternary eustatic curve to document coastal uplift and identify active faults. Two south-dipping normal faults are observed, which extend offshore, offset these marine terrace deposits and indicate active N–S (margin-normal) extension. Further, marine terraces preserved in the footwall and hanging wall of both faults demonstrate that regional net uplift of Crete is occurring despite active extension. Field mapping and geometric reconstructions of an active onshore normal fault reveal that the subaqueous range-front fault of south–central Crete is synthetic to the south-dipping normal faults on shore. These findings are inconsistent with models of active horizontal shortening in the upper crust of the Hellenic forearc. Rather, they are consistent with topographic growth of the forearc in a viscous orogenic wedge, where crustal thickening and uplift are a result of basal underplating of material that is accompanied by extension in the upper portions of the wedge. Within this framework a new conceptual model is presented for the late Cenozoic vertical tectonics of the Hellenic forearc.}, journal={EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS}, author={Gallen, S. F. and Wegmann, K. W. and Bohnenstiehl, D. R. and Pazzaglia, F. J. and Brandon, M. T. and Fassoulas, C.}, year={2014}, month={Jul}, pages={11–24} }
 @article{gallen_wegmann_bohnenstiehl_pazzaglia_brandon_fassoulas_2014, title={Active simultaneous uplift and margin-normal extension in a forearc high, Crete, Greece }, volume={398}, url={http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012821X14002787}, DOI={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2014.04.038}, abstractNote={The island of Crete occupies a forearc high in the central Hellenic subduction zone and is characterized by sustained exhumation, surface uplift and extension. The processes governing orogenesis and topographic development here remain poorly understood. Dramatic topographic relief (2–6km) astride the southern coastline of Crete is associated with large margin-parallel faults responsible for deep bathymetric depressions known as the Hellenic troughs. These structures have been interpreted as both active and inactive with either contractional, strike-slip, or extensional movement histories. Distinguishing between these different structural styles and kinematic histories here allows us to explore more general models for improving our global understanding of the tectonic and geodynamic processes of syn-convergent extension. We present new observations from the south–central coastline of Crete that clarifies the role of these faults in the late Cenozoic evolution of the central Hellenic margin and the processes controlling Quaternary surface uplift. Pleistocene marine terraces are used in conjunction with optically stimulated luminesce dating and correlation to the Quaternary eustatic curve to document coastal uplift and identify active faults. Two south-dipping normal faults are observed, which extend offshore, offset these marine terrace deposits and indicate active N–S (margin-normal) extension. Further, marine terraces preserved in the footwall and hanging wall of both faults demonstrate that regional net uplift of Crete is occurring despite active extension. Field mapping and geometric reconstructions of an active onshore normal fault reveal that the subaqueous range-front fault of south–central Crete is synthetic to the south-dipping normal faults on shore. These findings are inconsistent with models of active horizontal shortening in the upper crust of the Hellenic forearc. Rather, they are consistent with topographic growth of the forearc in a viscous orogenic wedge, where crustal thickening and uplift are a result of basal underplating of material that is accompanied by extension in the upper portions of the wedge. Within this framework a new conceptual model is presented for the late Cenozoic vertical tectonics of the Hellenic forearc.}, journal={Earth and Planetary Science Letters}, author={Gallen, S.F. and Wegmann, K.W. and Bohnenstiehl, D.R. and Pazzaglia, F.J. and Brandon, M.T. and Fassoulas, C.}, year={2014}, pages={11–24} }
 @inproceedings{wegmann_leithold_bohnenstiehl_2014, place={Seattle, WA}, title={How important is seismically-induced erosion above the Cascadia subduction zone? Insights from the stratigraphy of large lakes on the Olympic Peninsula, Washington State}, volume={23}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 23rd Biennial Meeting of the American Quaternary Association}, publisher={University of Washington, American Quaternary Union}, author={Wegmann, K.W. and Leithold, E.L. and Bohnenstiehl, D.R.}, editor={Gillespie, A. and Montgomery, D.Editors}, year={2014}, pages={35–37} }
 @article{runnels_digregorio_wegmann_gallen_strasser_panagopoulou_2014, title={Lower Palaeolithic artifacts from Plakias, Crete: Implications for Hominin Dispersals}, volume={v. 11}, url={https://www.peabody.harvard.edu/node/2543}, journal={Eurasian Prehistory}, author={Runnels, C. and DiGregorio, C. and Wegmann, K.W. and Gallen, S.F. and Strasser, T.F. and Panagopoulou, E.}, year={2014}, pages={129–152} }
 @article{xia_zhang_wang_yin_wegmann_liu_2013, title={Evolution of sedimentary environments of the middle Jiangsu coast, South Yellow Sea since late MIS 3}, volume={23}, ISSN={1009-637X 1861-9568}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/S11442-013-1051-5}, DOI={10.1007/s11442-013-1051-5}, number={5}, journal={Journal of Geographical Sciences}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Xia, Fei and Zhang, Yongzhan and Wang, Qiang and Yin, Yong and Wegmann, Karl W. and Liu, J. Paul}, year={2013}, month={Aug}, pages={883–914} }
 @article{voli_wegmann_bohnenstiehl_leithold_osburn_polyakov_2013, title={Fingerprinting the sources of suspended sediment delivery to a large municipal drinking water reservoir: Falls Lake, Neuse River, North Carolina, USA}, volume={13}, ISSN={["1614-7480"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84887284036&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1007/s11368-013-0758-3}, number={10}, journal={JOURNAL OF SOILS AND SEDIMENTS}, publisher={Springer Science \mathplus Business Media}, author={Voli, Mark T. and Wegmann, Karl W. and Bohnenstiehl, DelWayne R. and Leithold, Elana and Osburn, Christopher L. and Polyakov, Viktor}, year={2013}, month={Dec}, pages={1692–1707} }
 @article{jefferson_wegmann_chin_2013, title={Geomorphology of the Anthropocene: Understanding the surficial legacy of past and present human activities}, volume={2}, ISSN={2213-3054}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.ANCENE.2013.10.005}, DOI={10.1016/J.ANCENE.2013.10.005}, journal={Anthropocene}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Jefferson, Anne J. and Wegmann, Karl W. and Chin, Anne}, year={2013}, month={Oct}, pages={1–3} }
 @article{lyons_mitasova_wegmann_2013, title={Improving mass-wasting inventories by incorporating debris flow topographic signatures}, volume={11}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84875894016&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1007/s10346-013-0398-0}, number={3}, journal={Landslides}, author={Lyons, N.J. and Mitasova, Helena and Wegmann, Karl}, year={2013}, pages={1–13} }
 @book{wegmann_osburn_lewis_peszlen_mitasova_2013, place={Raleigh}, title={Legacy Sediments and Stream Water Quality: Estimating Volume, Nutrient Content, and Stream Bank Erosion in 303(d)-Impaired Waterways of the North Carolina Piedmont}, url={https://repository.lib.ncsu.edu/bitstream/handle/1840.4/8190/NC-WRRI-435.pdf?sequence=1}, number={435}, institution={Water Resources Research Institute of the University of North Carolina}, author={Wegmann, K.W. and Osburn, C.L. and Lewis, R.Q. and Peszlen, I.M. and Mitasova, H.}, year={2013} }
 @article{gallen_wegmann_bohnenstiehl_2013, title={Miocene rejuvenation of topographic relief in the southern Appalachians}, volume={23}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84874675049&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1130/GSATG163A.1}, abstractNote={Conventional wisdom holds that the southern Appalachian Mountains have not experienced a significant phase of tectonic forcing for >200 myr; yet, they share many characteristics with tectonically active settings, including locally high topographic relief, steep slopes, incised river gorges, and frequent mass-wasting events. Two competing hypotheses are commonly used to explain their modern topographic expression. One suggests that relief is largely controlled by variable lithologic resistance to weathering and that their modern form has long persisted in a dynamic equilibrium. The second postulates that their relief is a product of recent rejuvenation, driven either by climate change or the epeirogenic uplift of the land surface driven by mantle forcing. Within portions of the Cullasaja River basin of the southern Appalachians, we show that relief has increased by >150% since the Miocene. Evident within the basin are a set of retreating knickpoints that delineate a rugged, actively incising landscape from lower-relief relict topography. Constraints on the timing of knickpoint entry into the basin suggest that the process of landscape rejuvenation began well prior to the late Cenozoic (<4 myr) transition to a more oscillatory (glacial-interglacial) climate regime. Furthermore, the geomorphology of the Cullasaja River basin is difficult to reconcile in the context of a transition to a more erosive climatic regime but is consistent with an epeirogenically uplifted landscape. Consequently, these observations lend new support to the idea that the rugged topography of the southern Appalachians has developed in response to post-orogenic regional uplift in the Miocene.}, number={2}, journal={GSA Today}, author={Gallen, S.F. and Wegmann, K.W. and Bohnenstiehl, D.W.R.}, year={2013}, pages={4–10} }
 @article{starek_mitasova_wegmann_lyons_2013, title={Space-Time Cube Representation of Stream Bank Evolution Mapped by Terrestrial Laser Scanning}, volume={10}, ISSN={["1558-0571"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84886592528&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1109/lgrs.2013.2241730}, abstractNote={Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) is utilized to monitor bank erosion along a stream that has incised through historic millpond (legacy) sediment. A processing workflow is developed to generate digital terrain models (DTMs) of the bank's surface from the TLS point cloud data. Differencing of the DTMs reveals that the majority of sediment loss stems from the legacy sediment layer. The DTM time series is stacked into a voxel model to form a space-time cube (STC). The STC provides a compact representation of the bank's spatiotemporal evolution captured by the TLS scans. The continuous STC extends this approach by generating a voxel model with equal temporal resolution directly from the point cloud data. Novel visualizations are extracted from the STCs to explore patterns in surface evolution. Results show that erosion is highly variable in space and time, with large-scale erosion being episodic due to bank failure within legacy sediment.}, number={6}, journal={IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS}, author={Starek, M. J. and Mitasova, H. and Wegmann, K. W. and Lyons, N.}, year={2013}, month={Nov}, pages={1369–1373} }
 @article{wegmann_2013, title={Study reveals what controls contribution of total suspended solids from legacy sediments in Piedmont streams}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84878803040&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, number={382}, journal={Water Resources Research Institute News of the University of North Carolina}, author={Wegmann, K.}, year={2013} }
 @article{wegmann_bohnenstiehl_bowman_homburg_windingstad_beery_2012, title={Assessing Coastal Landscape Change for Archaeological Purposes: Integrating Shallow Geophysics, Historical Archives and Geomorphology at Port Angeles, Washington, USA}, volume={19}, ISSN={["1075-2196"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84870725049&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1002/arp.1431}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT}, number={4}, journal={ARCHAEOLOGICAL PROSPECTION}, author={Wegmann, Karl W. and Bohnenstiehl, Delwayne R. and Bowman, Jeffrey D. and Homburg, Jeffrey A. and Windingstad, Jason D. and Beery, Derek}, year={2012}, pages={229–252} }
 @article{wegmann_lewis_hunt_2012, title={Historic mill ponds and piedmont stream water quality: Making the connection near Raleigh, North Carolina}, volume={29}, url={http://fieldguides.gsapubs.org/content/29/93.abstract}, DOI={10.1130/2012.0029(03)}, abstractNote={This one-day fi eld trip highlights recent research into the late Holocene geomorphic evolution and land use history of Piedmont stream valleys near Raleigh, North Carolina. European settlers began building water-powered milldams in the eastern United States in the 1600s, and dam construction continued until the early twentieth century. At the same time, regional-scale land clearing associated with agriculture and development increased upland erosion rates 50‐400 times above long-term geologic rates. Much of the eroded sediment was subsequently aggraded on fl and impounded behind milldams. This trapped “legacy” sediment, commonly mistaken for natural fl oodplain deposition, has gone largely unrecognized until recently. This study focuses upon 1st to 4th order streams in W.B. Umstead State Park that drain into the Neuse River basin. There are seven water-powered milldam locations within the park and adjacent areas. Geomorphic mapping demonstrates that upland soil erosion and valley bottom sediment aggradation was substantial following European-American land acquisition and their conversion of large amounts of forest land for agricultural purposes. We observe three distinct sedimentary units in stream bank exposures that are corroborated by 14 C dating. Pre-European sediments range from ca. 4400‐250 yr B.P. and consist of quartz-rich axial stream gravels and off-channel organic rich clays. Two legacy sediment units are differentiable; pre and post-dam, and range in age from ca. 300‐100 yr B.P. The pre-dam sediments consist primarily of flsands, and are interpreted as channel aggradation in response to soil erosion from upland land clearing prior to dam construction. Post-dam sediments are distinguished by fi ner grain size and sedimentology consistent with slackwater deposition, including sandy “event” layers, interpreted to be the result of large fl oods into the former mill ponds. Stream bank magnetic susceptibility (MS) measurements exhibit large and}, journal={Field Guides}, author={Wegmann, Karl W. and Lewis, Robert Q. and Hunt, Michael C.}, year={2012}, pages={93–121} }
 @article{strasser_runnels_wegmann_panagopoulou_mccoy_digregori_karkanas_thompson_2011, title={Dating Palaeolithic sites in southwestern Crete, Greece}, volume={26}, ISSN={["1099-1417"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-79959616327&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1002/jqs.1482}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={5}, journal={JOURNAL OF QUATERNARY SCIENCE}, author={Strasser, Thomas F. and Runnels, Curtis and Wegmann, Karl and Panagopoulou, Eleni and Mccoy, Floyd and Digregori, Chad and Karkanas, Panagiotis and Thompson, Nick}, year={2011}, month={Jul}, pages={553–560} }
 @inproceedings{wegmann_amgaa_frankel_wet_bayasgalan_2011, title={Geologic, geomorphic, and environmental change at the northern termination of the Lake Hövösgol rift, Mongolia}, url={https://keckgeology.org/files/symvol.24th.Wegmann_et_al.pdf}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Twenty-Fourth Annual Keck Research Symposium in Geology: Pomona, Keck Geology Consortium}, author={Wegmann, K.W. and Amgaa, T. and Frankel, K.L. and Wet, A.P. and Bayasgalan, A.}, editor={Varga, R.Editor}, year={2011}, pages={220–229} }
 @article{gallen_wegmann_frankel_hughes_lewis_lyons_paris_ross_bauer_witt_2011, title={Hillslope response to knickpoint migration in the Southern Appalachians: implications for the evolution of post-orogenic landscapes}, volume={36}, ISSN={["1096-9837"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.2150}, DOI={10.1002/esp.2150}, abstractNote={The southern Appalachians represent a landscape characterized by locally high topographic relief, steep slopes, and frequent mass movement in the absence of significant tectonic forcing for at least the last 200 Ma. The fundamental processes responsible for landscape evolution in a post‐orogenic landscape remain enigmatic. The non‐glaciated Cullasaja River basin of south‐western North Carolina, with uniform lithology, frequent debris flows, and the availability of high‐resolution airborne lidar DEMs, is an ideal natural setting to study landscape evolution in a post‐orogenic landscape through the lens of hillslope–channel coupling. This investigation is limited to channels with upslope contributing areas >2.7 km2, a conservative estimate of the transition from fluvial to debris‐flow dominated channel processes. Values of normalized hypsometry, hypsometric integral, and mean slope vs elevation are used for 14 tributary basins and the Cullasaja basin as a whole to characterize landscape evolution following upstream knickpoint migration. Results highlight the existence of a transient spatial relationship between knickpoints present along the fluvial network of the Cullasaja basin and adjacent hillslopes. Metrics of topography (relief, slope gradient) and hillslope activity (landslide frequency) exhibit significant downstream increases below the current position of major knickpoints. The transient effect of knickpoint‐driven channel incision on basin hillslopes is captured by measuring the relief, mean slope steepness, and mass movement frequency of tributary basins and comparing these results with the distance from major knickpoints along the Cullasaja River. A conceptual model of area–elevation and slope distributions is presented that may be representative of post‐orogenic landscape evolution in analogous geologic settings. Importantly, the model explains how knickpoint migration and channel–hillslope coupling is an important factor in tectonically‐inactive (i.e. post‐orogenic) orogens for the maintenance of significant relief, steep slopes, and weathering‐limited hillslopes. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.}, number={9}, journal={EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS}, publisher={John Wiley & Sons, Ltd}, author={Gallen, Sean F. and Wegmann, Karl W. and Frankel, Kurt L. and Hughes, Stephen and Lewis, Robert Q. and Lyons, Nathan and Paris, Paul and Ross, Kristen and Bauer, Jennifer B. and Witt, Anne C.}, year={2011}, month={Jul}, pages={1254–1267} }
 @article{eppes_mcfadden_wegmann_scuderi_2010, title={Cracks in desert pavement rocks: Further insights into mechanical weathering by directional insolation}, volume={123}, ISSN={["1872-695X"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77956341033&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.07.003}, abstractNote={The formation of cracks is a fundamental first step in the physical weathering of rocks in desert environments. In this study we combine new field data from the Mojave (U.S.), Gobi (Mongolia) and Strzelecki (Australia) deserts that collectively support the hypothesis that meridional cracks (cracks with orientations not readily attributable to rock anisotropies or shape) in boulders or cobbles form due to tensile stresses caused by directional heating and cooling during the sun's daily transit. The new studies indicate that rock size, surface age, and latitude play important roles with respect to their influence on rock fracture. Rock size and pavement surface age exert an influence on the development of rock cracks as the average clast size of mature desert pavements may be at or below the threshold-clast size for thermal cracking of rocks. Latitude-controlled seasonal temperature variations play a key role, as demonstrated by: 1) tightly clustered mean resultant orientations that differ by latitude, as predicted in McFadden et al. (2005), and 2) very cold wintertime temperatures and strong diurnal gradients that may favor crack development in wintertime, given the likelihood for strong clast heating during early morning hours. The consistent evidence for meridional cracks in surfaces of diverse age and desert environments, climate, vegetation, and distance of clast transport indicate that directional insolation may play the key role in initially generating and propagating rock fractures, rather than a secondary role as implied in recent field and modeling studies of physical weathering in deserts.}, number={1-2}, journal={GEOMORPHOLOGY}, author={Eppes, Martha Cary and McFadden, Leslie D. and Wegmann, Karl W. and Scuderi, Louis A.}, year={2010}, month={Nov}, pages={97–108} }
 @book{wegmann_homburg_bohnenstiehl_bowman_windingstad_huber_2010, place={Tuscon, AZ}, title={Geomorphology of the City of Port Angeles Waterfront}, number={10-82}, institution={Statistical Research, Inc.}, author={Wegmann, K.W. and Homburg, J.A. and Bohnenstiehl, D.R. and Bowman, J.D. and Windingstad, J.D. and Huber, E.K.}, year={2010} }
 @article{frankel_wegmann_bayasgalan_carson_bader_adiya_bolor_durfey_otgonkhuu_sprajcar_et al._2010, title={Late Pleistocene slip rate of the Hoh Serh-Tsagaan Salaa fault system, Mongolian Altai and intracontinental deformation in central Asia}, volume={183}, ISSN={["1365-246X"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-78449252083&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1111/j.1365-246x.2010.04826.x}, abstractNote={SUMMARY 
 
The Mongolian Altai is an intracontinental oblique contractional orogen related to the far-field effects of the Indo-Asian collision. Global Positioning System (GPS) data suggest that ∼10–15 per cent of total Indo-Asia convergence is accommodated across this orogen. The Hoh Serh–Tsagaan Salaa fault system is one of several NNW–SSE-trending oblique contractional faults acting to partition strain and accommodate shortening and dextral shear in the Mongolian Altai. This fault zone displaces late Pleistocene alluvium along the southwest piedmont of the Hoh Serh range in western Mongolia. Along the central third of the fault zone, strain is partitioned onto two separate strands, one that accommodates nearly pure dextral shear and one that accommodates thrust motion. We determined late Pleistocene rates of deformation along each of the Hoh Serh–Tsagaan Salaa fault strands based on differential GPS surveys and cosmogenic nuclide 10Be geochronology. Combining the measured offsets and 10Be dates yields a minimum right-lateral slip rate of 0.9 +0.2/−0.1 mm a−1; the minimum shortening rate is 0.3 ± 0.1 mm a−1, with uplift of at least 0.1 ± 0.1 mm a−1. Resolving the shortening and dextral components of deformation yields a slip vector of 0.8 +0.2/−0.1 mm a−1 toward 336°. This long-term deformation vector is consistent with the short-term strain field determined by GPS in the region and indicates that ∼20 per cent of Indo-Asian deformation in the Mongolian Altai (∼2 per cent of the total Indo-Asia strain accumulation) occurs along the Hoh Serh–Tsagaan Salaa fault zone. Although rate data for other active faults in the Mongolian Altai are sparse, our results suggest that strain may be accommodated almost exclusively on discrete structures in this intraplate tectonic setting.}, number={3}, journal={GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL}, author={Frankel, Kurt L. and Wegmann, Karl W. and Bayasgalan, Amgalan and Carson, Robert J. and Bader, Nicholas E. and Adiya, Tsolmon and Bolor, Erdenebat and Durfey, Chelsea C. and Otgonkhuu, Jargal and Sprajcar, Jodi and et al.}, year={2010}, month={Dec}, pages={1134–1150} }
 @article{strasser_panagopoulou_runnels_murray_thompson_karkanas_mccoy_wegmann_2010, title={STONE AGE SEAFARING IN THE MEDITERRANEAN EVIDENCE FROM THE PLAKIAS REGION FOR LOWER PALAEOLITHIC AND MESOLITHIC HABITATION OF CRETE}, volume={79}, ISSN={["0018-098X"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-79956260219&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.2972/hesp.79.2.145}, abstractNote={Abstract:A survey in 2008 and 2009 on the southwestern coast of Crete in the region of Plakias documented 28 preceramic lithic sites. Sites were identified with artifacts of Mesolithic type similar to assemblages from the Greek mainland and islands, and some had evidence of Lower Palaeolithic occupation dated by geological context to at least 130,000 years ago. The long period of separation (more than 5,000,000 years) of Crete from any landmass implies that the early inhabitants of Crete reached the island using seacraft capable of open-sea navigation and multiple journeys— a finding that pushes the history of seafaring in the Mediterranean back by more than 100,000 years and has important implications for the dispersal of early humans.}, number={2}, journal={HESPERIA}, author={Strasser, Thomas F. and Panagopoulou, Eleni and Runnels, Curtis N. and Murray, Priscilla M. and Thompson, Nicholas and Karkanas, Panayiotis and McCoy, Floyd W. and Wegmann, Karl W.}, year={2010}, pages={145–190} }
 @inproceedings{bader_bayasgalan_carson_frankel_wegmann_2009, title={Geology of the Höh Serh Range, Mongolian Altai}, url={https://keckgeology.org/files/pdf/symvol/22nd/mongolia/Bader_et_al219-225.pdf}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Twenty-Second Annual Keck Research Symposium in Geology: Lancaster, Keck Geology Consortium}, author={Bader, N.E. and Bayasgalan, A. and Carson, R.J. and Frankel, K.L. and Wegmann, K.W.}, editor={Wet, A.Editor}, year={2009}, pages={219–225} }
 @misc{wegmann_pazzaglia_2009, title={Late Quaternary fluvial terraces of the Romagna and Marche Apennines, Italy: Climatic, lithologic, and tectonic controls on terrace genesis in an active orogen}, volume={28}, ISSN={["1873-457X"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-57749180160&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.10.006}, abstractNote={We synthesize a new fluvial terrace chronostratigraphy of the Bidente and Musone Rivers cast within a broader European framework, which forms the basis of a terrace genesis and river incision model for the northern Apennines, Italy. Our model, supported by terrace long profiles, correlation to Po foreland sediments, 15 new radiocarbon dates, and published numeric and relative stratigraphic ages, highlights how drainage basin substrate drives concurrent formation of strath terraces in the Bidente basin and fill terraces in the Musone basin. Quaternary climate change paces the formative geomorphic processes through unsteady discharges of water and sediment. In the weathering-limited setting represented by the Bidente basin, siliciclastic detritus carves broad strath surfaces during glacial climates that are preserved as terraces as the river incises during the transition to an interglacial climate. In contrast, the transport-limited and carbonate detritus dominated Musone basin sees valleys deeply buried by aggradation during glacial climates followed by river incision during the transition to an interglacial climate. Incision of these rivers over the past ∼1 million years has been both unsteady and non-uniform. These and all Po-Adriatic draining rivers are proximal to a base level defined by mean sea level and have little room for increasing their longitudinal profile concavities through incision, particularly in their lower reaches despite periodic glacio-eustatic drawdowns. As a result, the observed incision is best explained by rock uplift associated with active local fault or fold growth embedded in the actively thickening and uplifting Apennine foreland.}, number={1-2}, journal={QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS}, author={Wegmann, Karl W. and Pazzaglia, Frank J.}, year={2009}, month={Jan}, pages={137–165} }
 @phdthesis{wegmann_2008, place={Bethlehem, Pennsylvania}, title={Tectonic Geomorphology above Mediterranean Subduction Zones: Northeastern Apennines of Italy and Crete, Greece}, school={Lehigh University}, author={Wegmann, K.W.}, year={2008} }
 @inproceedings{bayasgalan_carson_jordon_wegmann_2007, title={Geology of the Hangay Nuruu, Central Mongolia}, ISBN={9781604238815}, booktitle={Twentieth Annual Keck Research Symposium in Geology Proceedings}, author={Bayasgalan, A. and Carson, R. and Jordon, B. and Wegmann, K.}, year={2007}, pages={2–9} }
 @article{wegmann_zurek_regalla_bilardello_wollenberg_kopczynski_ziemann_haight_apgar_zhao_et al._2007, title={Position of the Snake River watershed divide as an indicator of geodynamic processes in the greater Yellowstone region, western North America}, volume={3}, ISSN={["1553-040X"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-71849090379&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1130/GES00083.1}, abstractNote={Tectonic processes, fl exure due to crustal loading, and dynamic mantle fl ow each impart a unique imprint on topography and geomorphic responses over time scales of 104 to 10 6 yr. This paper explores the mobility of regional drainage divides as a key geomorphic metric that can distinguish between the various processes driving crustal deformation in the greater Yellowstone region of the northwestern United States. We propose a new analysis that quantifi es the differences between the location of the presentday drainage divide from divides synthetically generated from fi ltered topography to determine the relative impact of tectonic and dynamic mantle infl uences on landscape development. The greater Yellowstone region is an opportune location for this investigation because contrasting models have been proposed to explain the parabolic shape of elevated topography and active seismicity that outline the imprint of hypothesized hotspot activity. Drainage divides synthesized from topography fi ltered at 50, 100, and 150 km wavelengths within the greater Yellowstone region show that the locations of the actual and synthetic Snake River drainage divides are controlled by both dynamic and fl exural mechanisms in the eastern greater Yellowstone region, but by fl exural mechanisms only in the western greater Yellowstone region. The location of the actual divide deviates from its predicted position in the fi ltered topography where tectonic controls, such as active faults (e.g., Centennial and Teton faults), have uplifted large footwall blocks. Our results are consistent with the notion of a northeastward-propagating greater Yellow stone region topographic and seismic parabola, and suggest that Basin and Range extension follows from, rather than precedes, greater Yellowstone region dynamic topography. Furthermore, our analysis suggests that eastward migration of the Snake River drainage divide lags behind the continued northeastward propagation of high-standing topography associated with the Yellowstone geophysical anomaly by 1–2 m.y.}, number={4}, journal={GEOSPHERE}, author={Wegmann, Karl W. and Zurek, Brian D. and Regalla, Christine A. and Bilardello, Dario and Wollenberg, Jennifer L. and Kopczynski, Sarah E. and Ziemann, Joseph M. and Haight, Shannon L. and Apgar, Jeremy D. and Zhao, Cheng and et al.}, year={2007}, month={Aug}, pages={272–281} }
 @book{wegmann_2006, title={Digital landslide inventory for the Cowlitz County Urban Corridor, Washington}, institution={Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources}, author={Wegmann, K. W.}, year={2006} }
 @inproceedings{wegmann_2004, title={Geologic Field Trip to the Aldercrest-Banyon Landslide and Mount St. Helens, Washington, Part I-Stevenson to Castle Rock}, booktitle={96th Annual Meeting of the American Association of State Geologists}, publisher={Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources}, author={Wegmann, K. W.}, year={2004} }
 @misc{polenz_wegmann_schasse_2004, title={Geologic map of the Elwha and Angeles Point 7.5-minute quadrangles, Clallam County, Washington}, volume={1:24,000}, publisher={Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources}, author={Polenz, M. and Wegmann, K. W. and Schasse, H. W.}, year={2004} }
 @misc{schasse_wegmann_polenz_2004, title={Geologic map of the Port Angeles and Ediz Hook 7.5-minute quadrangles, Clallam County, Washington}, volume={1:24,000}, publisher={Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources}, author={Schasse, H. W. and Wegmann, K. W. and Polenz, M.}, year={2004} }
 @inproceedings{carson_bayanmonh_bayasgalan_johnson_pogue_wegmann_2004, title={Geology of the Tavan Har area, Gobi, Mongolia}, booktitle={Seventeenth Annual Keck Research Symposium in Geology}, publisher={Northfield, MN: Keck Geology Consortium}, author={Carson, R. J. and Bayanmonh, A. and Bayasgalan, A. and Johnson, C. L. and Pogue, K. R. and Wegmann, K. W.}, year={2004}, pages={170–175} }
 @book{wegmann_2004, title={Landslide Hazard Zonation Project, level II assessment for the Clear Creek, Dan Creek, and Lime Creek Watersheds, Snohomish and Skagit Counties, Washington}, institution={Olympia, WA: Washington State Department of Natural Resources}, author={Wegmann, K. W.}, year={2004} }
 @book{wegmann_2004, title={Landslide Hazard Zonation Project, level II assessment for the Lower Naselle Watershed, Pacific County, Washington}, institution={Olympia, WA: Washington State Department of Natural Resources}, author={Wegmann, K. W.}, year={2004} }
 @book{wegmann_2004, title={Landslide Hazard Zonation Project, level II assessment for the Nookachamps Watershed, Skagit County, Washington}, institution={Olympia, WA: Washington State Department of Natural Resources}, author={Wegmann, K. W.}, year={2004} }
 @book{wegmann_2004, title={Landslide Hazard Zonation Project, level II assessment for the Quinault Lake, Quinault River, and Cook-Elk Watersheds, Jefferson and Grays Harbor Counties, Washington}, institution={Olympia, WA: Washington State Department of Natural Resources}, author={Wegmann, K. W.}, year={2004} }
 @book{cheney_brady_tierney_degraff_mohlman_frisch_hatch_steiner_carmichael_fisher_et al._2004, title={Proterozoic metamorphism of the Tobacco Root Mountains, Montana}, volume={377}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84871075477&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1130/0-8137-2377-9.105}, abstractNote={Textures and mineral assemblages of metamorphic rocks of the Tobacco Root Mountains are consistent with metamorphism of all rocks during the Big Sky orogeny (1.77 Ga) at relatively high pressure (P >1.0 GPa) followed by differential Cheney, J.T., Brady, J.B., Tierney, K.A., DeGraff, K.A., Mohlman, H.K., Frisch, J.D., Hatch, C.E., Steiner, M.L., Carmichael, S.K., Fisher, R.G.M., Tuit, C.B., Steffen, K.J., Cady, P., Lowell, J., Archuleta, L.L., Hirst, J., Wegmann, K.W., and Monteleone, B., 2004, Proterozoic metamorphism of the Tobacco Root Mountains, Montana, in Brady, J.B., Burger, H.R., Cheney, J.T., and Harms, T.A., eds., Precambrian geology of the Tobacco Root Mountains, Montana: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America Special Paper 377, p. 105–129. For permission to copy, contact editing@geosociety.org. © 2004 Geological Society of America. 106 J.T. Cheney et al.}, journal={Special Paper of the Geological Society of America}, author={Cheney, J.T. and Brady, J.B. and Tierney, K.A. and DeGraff, K.A. and Mohlman, H.K. and Frisch, J.D. and Hatch, C.E. and Steiner, M.L. and Carmichael, S.K. and Fisher, R.G.M. and et al.}, year={2004}, pages={105–129} }
 @book{cheney_brady_tierney_degraff_mohlman_frisch_hatch_steiner_carmichael_fisher_et al._2004, title={Proterozoic metamorphism of the Tobacco Root Mountains, Montana}, volume={377}, ISBN={0813723779}, number={0}, journal={Precambrian Geology of the Tobacco Root Mountains, Montana (Special Paper 377)}, author={Cheney, J. T. and Brady, J. B. and Tierney, K. A. and DeGraff, K. A. and Mohlman, H. K. and Frisch, J. D. and Hatch, C. E. and Steiner, M. L. and Carmichael, S. K. and Fisher, R. G. M. and et al.}, year={2004}, pages={105–129} }
 @book{clark_erickson_knapp_plotnikoff_raforth_wiseman_johnson_norman_wegmann_cummins_et al._2004, title={Yakima River Floodplain Mining Impact Study}, url={https://www.dnr.wa.gov/Publications/ger_ofr2004-8_yakima_floodplain_mining_impact_text.pdf}, number={2004-8}, institution={Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources}, author={Clark, K. and Erickson, S. and Knapp, A. and Plotnikoff, R. and Raforth, R. and Wiseman, C. and Johnson, C. and Norman, D. and Wegmann, K. and Cummins, J. and et al.}, year={2004} }
 @book{clark_wegmann_johnson_norman_al._2004, title={Yakima River Floodplain mining impact study}, institution={Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources}, author={Clark, K. and Wegmann, K. W. and Johnson, C. N. and Norman, D. K. and al.}, year={2004} }
 @book{baker_wegmann_mckay_norman_johnson_2003, title={Digital inventory of flood-plain mines in Washington State}, institution={Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources}, author={Baker, L. R. and Wegmann, K. W. and McKay, D. T., Jr. and Norman, D. K. and Johnson, C. N.}, year={2003} }
 @book{wegmann_2003, title={Digital landslide inventory for the Cowlitz County urban corridor--Kelso to Woodland (Coweeman River to Lewis River), Cowlitz County, Washington}, institution={Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources}, author={Wegmann, K. W.}, year={2003} }
 @inbook{pazzaglia_thackray_brandon_wegmann_gosse_mcdonald_garcia_prothero_2003, title={Tectonic geomorphology and the record of Quaternary plate boundary deformation in the Olympic Mountains}, volume={Field Guide 4}, DOI={10.1130/0-8137-0004-3.37}, abstractNote={We use Quaternary stratigraphy to reconstruct landscape evolution and measure tectonic deformation of the Olympic Mountains section of the Pacifi c Northwest Coast Range. An important motivation for understanding orogenesis here, and throughout the Coast Range, is the concern about the relationship of active deformation to seismic hazards associated with the Cascadia subduction zone. There is also much interest in apportioning the nature of the deformation, whether cyclic or permanent, whether it involves mainly shortening parallel or normal to the margin, and how the deformation on the proversus retrowedge sides of the orogen compare. Pre-Holocene stratigraphy and structure provide the only records of suffi cient duration to separate long-term permanent deformation from earthquake-cycle elastic deformation. For this reason, active-tectonic studies have focused on deformation of Quaternary deposits and landforms, which are best preserved along the Pacifi c Coast and offshore on the continental shelf. At least four major glacial advances are recorded in the valley and coastal deposits along the western margin of the Olympic Peninsula. Both numeric and relative dating, including soils of these deposits, establish a stratigraphic anchor that is used to document the relationship between margin parallel and margin normal deformation in 38 F.J. Pazzaglia et al.}, booktitle={Western Cordillera and adjacent areas}, publisher={Boulder, CO: Geological Society of America}, author={Pazzaglia, F. J. and Thackray, G. D. and Brandon, M. T. and Wegmann, Karl and Gosse, J. and McDonald, E. and Garcia, A. F. and Prothero, D.}, year={2003}, pages={37–67} }
 @book{wegmann_johnson_norman_2003, title={Yakima River floodplain mining study: interim report; pond bathymetry and sediment particle data}, volume={Appendix E}, number={2004-8}, journal={Yakima River Floodplain Mining Impact Study, 2004}, institution={Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources}, author={Wegmann, K. W. and Johnson, C. N. and Norman, D. K.}, year={2003} }
 @book{wegmann_walsh_norman_mcelroy_2002, title={Digital landslide inventory for the Cowlitz County urban corridor—Kelso to Woodland, Washington (Coweeman River to Lewis River)—Field review}, institution={Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources}, author={Wegmann, K.W. and Walsh, T. and Norman, D. and McElroy, P.}, year={2002} }
 @book{pazzaglia_brandon_wegmann_2002, title={Fluvial record of plate-boundary deformation in the Olympic Mountains}, volume={256}, ISBN={0278-3703}, journal={Field guide to geologic processes in Cascadia}, institution={Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries}, author={Pazzaglia, F. J. and Brandon, M. T. and Wegmann, K. W.}, year={2002}, pages={223–256} }
 @article{wegmann_pazzaglia_2002, title={Holocene strath terraces, climate change, and active tectonics: The Clearwater River basin, Olympic Peninsula, Washington State}, volume={114}, ISSN={["1943-2674"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84879886551&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1130/0016-7606(2002)114<0731:HSTCCA>2.0.CO;2}, abstractNote={The ∼400 km 2 Clearwater River basin, located on the Pacific flank of the actively uplifting Olympic Mountains of western Washington State, contains a well-preserved flight of Holocene fluvial terraces. We have collected a large data set of numeric ages from these terraces that is used to elucidate the geomorphic, fluvial, active tectonic, and climatic processes that operate at Holocene spatial and temporal scales. Detailed field mapping reveals three prominent Holocene straths and their overlying terrace deposits. Terrace ages fall into three broad ranges: ca. 9000–11 000 yr B.P. (Qt4), 4000–8000 yr B.P. (Qt5), and 0–3000 yr B.P. (Qt6). Terrace deposit stratigraphy, sedimentology, and age distributions allow us to consider two alternative models for their genesis. The favored model states that the terrace ages are coincident with lateral incision of the Clearwater channel, emplacement of the terrace alluvium, and the carving of the straths. Vertical incision of the Clearwater channel was primarily relegated to the brief (∼1000 yr) intervals when we have no record of terraces. Alternatively, the straths were carved as the channel incised vertically during the brief time periods between dated terrace deposits, and the terrace ages record a subsequent long time of alluviation atop the straths and concomitant termination of vertical incision. In both models, we envision a Clearwater River channel at or near capacity with a temporally variable rate of both lateral and vertical incision. Small deviations from this at-capacity condition are driven by variations in the liberation and delivery of hillslope sediment to the channel. We consider several causes for variable hillslope sediment flux in this tectonically active setting including Holocene climate change and ground accelerations related to earthquakes. Holocene rates of vertical incision are reconstructed along nearly the entire Clearwater Valley from the wide distribution of dated terraces. Incision rates clearly increase upstream, mimicking a pattern documented for Pleistocene terraces in the same basin; however, the rates are 2–3 times those determined for the Pleistocene terraces. The faster Holocene incision rates may be interpreted in terms of an increase in the rates of rock uplift. However, we favor an alternative explanation in which the Holocene rates represent a channel rapidly reacquiring its stable, graded concavity following protracted periods of time in the Pleistocene when it could not accomplish any vertical incision into tectonically uplifted bedrock because the channel was raised above the bedrock valley bottom by climatically induced alluviation. These results illustrate how, even in tectonically active settings, representative rates of rock uplift inferred from studies of river incision should be integrated over at least one glacial-interglacial cycle.}, number={6}, journal={GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN}, author={Wegmann, KW and Pazzaglia, FJ}, year={2002}, month={Jun}, pages={731–744} }
 @misc{wegmann_2001, title={BOOK REVIEW: Hiking Washington’s Geology by Scott Babcock and Bob Carson}, volume={28}, number={3}, journal={Washington Geology}, author={Wegmann, K.W.}, year={2001}, pages={28} }
 @article{wegmann_walsh_2001, title={Landslide hazard mapping in Cowlitz County: a progress report}, volume={29}, number={1-2}, journal={Washington Geology}, author={Wegmann, K. W. and Walsh, T. J.}, year={2001}, pages={30–33} }
 @misc{schasse_wegmann_2000, title={Geologic map of the Carlsborg 7.5-minute Quadrangle, Clallam County, Washington}, volume={1:24,000}, publisher={Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources}, author={Schasse, H. W. and Wegmann, K. W.}, year={2000} }
 @phdthesis{wegmann_1999, place={Albuquerque, NM}, title={Late Quaternary fluvial and tectonic evolution of the Clearwater River basin, western Olympic Mountains, Washington State}, school={University of New Mexico}, author={Wegmann, K.W.}, year={1999} }
 @misc{chamberlin_pazzaglia_wegmann_smith_1999, title={Preliminary geologic map of the Loma Creston 7.5-min. quadrangle, Sandoval County, New Mexico}, volume={1:24,000}, publisher={New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources}, author={Chamberlin, R. M. and Pazzaglia, F. J. and Wegmann, K. W. and Smith, G. A.}, year={1999} }
 @book{wegmann_pederson_1998, title={Geology and geomorphology at archeological sites along New Mexico Highway 44 [contract report]}, journal={Report for archeological investigations along Highway 44 near Bernalillo, Sandoval County, New Mexico}, institution={University of New Mexico, Office of Contract Archeology}, author={Wegmann, K. W. and Pederson, J. L.}, year={1998} }
 @misc{formento-trigilio_wegmann_pazzaglia_1998, title={Geology of the Ojito Springs 7.5-minute quadrangle, Sandoval county, New Mexico}, volume={1:24,000}, publisher={New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources}, author={Formento-Trigilio, M. L. and Wegmann, K. and Pazzaglia, F. J.}, year={1998} }
 @phdthesis{wegmann_1996, place={Walla Walla, Washington}, title={Metamorphic evolution of the Archaean Pony Middle Mountain Metamorphic Suite, Tobacco Root Mountains, southwestern Montana}, school={Whitman College}, author={Wegmann, K.W.}, year={1996} }
 @inproceedings{wegmann_1996, title={Metamorphic evolution of the Archaean Pony Middle Mountain Metamorphic Suite, Tobacco Root Mountains, southwestern Montana}, volume={9}, url={https://keckgeology.org/files/pdf/symvol/9th/Montana/wegmann.pdf}, booktitle={9th Keck Geology Consortium Symposium}, author={Wegmann, K.W.}, year={1996}, month={Apr}, pages={122–125} }
 @inproceedings{wegmann_allen_1995, title={Contact relationships and petrography of the Williams Lake Granitoid Body, Quetico Provincial Park, Ontario}, volume={8}, url={https://keckgeology.org/files/pdf/symvol/8th/Ontario/wegmann_allen.pdf.}, booktitle={8th Keck Geology Consortium Symposium}, author={Wegmann, K.W. and Allen, K.}, year={1995}, pages={33–36} }