@article{yang_liu_skoog_narayan_2024, title={Physico-chemical properties and cytotoxicity of gelatin methacryloyl crosslinked with nanoparticle photoinitiator}, ISSN={["2044-5326"]}, DOI={10.1557/s43578-024-01369-7}, journal={JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH}, author={Yang, Kai-Hung and Liu, Yizhong and Skoog, Shelby A. and Narayan, Roger J.}, year={2024}, month={Jun} }
 @article{yang_riley_rodenhausen_skoog_stafslien_vanderwal_narayan_2022, title={Antifungal behavior of silicon-incorporated diamond-like carbon by tuning surface hydrophobicity with plasma treatment}, ISSN={["1744-7402"]}, DOI={10.1111/ijac.14048}, abstractNote={Silicon-incorporated diamond-like carbon (Si-DLC), an amorphous material containing Si atoms with sp3- and sp2-hybridized carbon, is a promising biomaterial for versatile biomedical applications due to its excellent mechanical properties, chemical inertness, biocompatibility, and antimicrobial capability. However, the antifungal properties of plasma-treated Si-DLC have not been systematically evaluated. In this study, Si-DLC coatings were deposited by chemical vapor deposition and further treated with either oxygen or fluorine plasma to render the surface anchored with different functional groups and hydrophobicity. Surface roughness was probed with atomic force microscopy, whereas bonding character and surface composition were assessed using Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Wettability and surface charge were investigated via water contact angle and zeta potential measurements. Antifungal assessment was performed using a Candida albicans multi-well plate screening technique and crystal violet biomass quantification. The results demonstrate that oxygen plasma–treated Si-DLC exhibited hydrophilic properties, lower negative zeta potential, and significant antifungal behavior. This material can potentially be applied on surfaces for the prevention of reduced nosocomial infections.}, journal={INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY}, author={Yang, Kai-Hung and Riley, Parand and Rodenhausen, Keith B. and Skoog, Shelby A. and Stafslien, Shane J. and Vanderwal, Lyndsi and Narayan, Roger J.}, year={2022}, month={May} }
 @article{riley_yang_liu_skoog_narayan_narayan_2022, title={Effect of oxygen and fluorine plasma surface treatment of silicon-incorporated diamond-like carbon coatings on cellular responses of mouse fibroblasts}, volume={6}, ISSN={["1744-7402"]}, DOI={10.1111/ijac.14107}, abstractNote={AbstractThe surface chemistry of silicon‐incorporated diamond‐like carbon (Si‐DLC) was tailored utilizing oxygen and fluorine plasma treatments. Successful anchoring of oxygen and fluorine functional groups to the surface of Si‐DLC was verified using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The impact of surface modification of Si‐DLC on hydrophobicity was correlated with the viability of L929 mouse fibroblasts. The confocal microscopy and viability results indicated that oxygen‐treated Si‐DLC showed increased cell viability compared to untreated Si‐DLC and fluorine‐treated Si‐DLC samples 5 days after seeding. The increased cell viability was correlated with the conversion of the hydrophobic surface of Si‐DLC into a hydrophilic surface by oxygen plasma treatment.}, journal={INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY}, author={Riley, Parand R. and Yang, Kai-Hung and Liu, Yizhong and Skoog, Shelby A. and Narayan, Jagdish and Narayan, Roger J.}, year={2022}, month={Jun} }
 @article{yang_joshi_rodenhausen_sumant_skoog_narayan_2021, title={Correlation of zeta potential and contact angle of oxygen and fluorine terminated nitrogen incorporated ultrananocrystalline diamond (N UNCD) thin films}, volume={295}, ISSN={["1873-4979"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.matlet.2021.129823}, abstractNote={The surface chemistry of nitrogen incorporated ultrananocrystalline diamond (N-UNCD) films was altered by plasma treatment utilizing oxygen and fluorine plasma chemistries; the modified N-UNCD surfaces were characterized using contact angle and zeta potential measurements to give a more complete understanding of the interactions between the solid surface and the aqueous solution. The bonding character, surface composition, and morphology of the N-UNCD films before and after surface treatment were also monitored using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy to ensure the grafting of functional groups; the contributing factor to the results was purely from the surface termination.}, journal={MATERIALS LETTERS}, author={Yang, Kai-Hung and Joshi, Pratik and Rodenhausen, Keith B. and Sumant, Anirudha V. and Skoog, Shelby A. and Narayan, Roger J.}, year={2021}, month={Jul} }
 @article{yang_lindberg_soliman_lim_woodfield_narayan_2021, title={Effect of Photoinitiator on Precursory Stability and Curing Depth of Thiol-Ene Clickable Gelatin}, volume={13}, ISSN={["2073-4360"]}, DOI={10.3390/polym13111877}, abstractNote={Recent advances highlight the potential of photopolymerizable allylated gelatin (GelAGE) as a versatile hydrogel with highly tailorable properties. It is, however, unknown how different photoinitiating system affects the stability, gelation kinetics and curing depth of GelAGE. In this study, sol fraction, mass swelling ratio, mechanical properties, rheological properties, and curing depth were evaluated as a function of time with three photo-initiating systems: Irgacure 2959 (Ig2959; 320–500 nm), lithium phenyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphosphinate (LAP; 320–500 nm), and ruthenium/sodium persulfate (Ru/SPS; 400–500 nm). Results demonstrated that GelAGE precursory solutions mixed with either Ig2959 or LAP remained stable over time while the Ru/SPS system enabled the onset of controllable redox polymerization without irradiation during pre-incubation. Photo-polymerization using the Ru/SPS system was significantly faster (<5 s) compared to both Ig2959 (70 s) and LAP (50 s). Plus, The Ru/SPS system was capable of polymerizing a thick construct (8.88 ± 0.94 mm), while Ig2959 (1.62 ± 0.49 mm) initiated hydrogels displayed poor penetration depth with LAP (7.38 ± 2.13 mm) in between. These results thus support the use of the visible light based Ru/SPS photo-initiator for constructs requiring rapid gelation and a good curing depth while Ig2959 or LAP can be applied for photo-polymerization of GelAGE materials requiring long-term incubation prior to application if UV is not a concern.}, number={11}, journal={POLYMERS}, author={Yang, Kai-Hung and Lindberg, Gabriella and Soliman, Bram and Lim, Khoon and Woodfield, Tim and Narayan, Roger J.}, year={2021}, month={Jun} }
 @article{yang_yang_narayan_ma_2021, title={Laser-based bioprinting for multilayer cell patterning in tissue engineering and cancer research}, volume={65}, ISSN={["1744-1358"]}, DOI={10.1042/EBC20200093}, abstractNote={Abstract
               3D printing, or additive manufacturing, is a process for patterning functional materials based on the digital 3D model. A bioink that contains cells, growth factors, and biomaterials are utilized for assisting cells to develop into tissues and organs. As a promising technique in regenerative medicine, many kinds of bioprinting platforms have been utilized, including extrusion-based bioprinting, inkjet bioprinting, and laser-based bioprinting. Laser-based bioprinting, a kind of bioprinting technology using the laser as the energy source, has advantages over other methods. Compared with inkjet bioprinting and extrusion-based bioprinting, laser-based bioprinting is nozzle-free, which makes it a valid tool that can adapt to the viscosity of the bioink; the cell viability is also improved because of elimination of nozzle, which could cause cell damage when the bioinks flow through a nozzle. Accurate tuning of the laser source and bioink may provide a higher resolution for reconstruction of tissue that may be transplanted used as an in vitro disease model. Here, we introduce the mechanism of this technology and the essential factors in the process of laser-based bioprinting. Then, the most potential applications are listed, including tissue engineering and cancer models. Finally, we present the challenges and opportunities faced by laser-based bioprinting.}, number={3}, journal={3D BIOPRINTING}, author={Yang, Haowei and Yang, Kai-Hung and Narayan, Roger J. and Ma, Shaohua}, year={2021}, pages={409–416} }
 @misc{yang_boehm_skoog_narayan_2020, title={Nanostructured Medical Adhesives}, volume={16}, ISSN={["1550-7041"]}, DOI={10.1166/jbn.2020.2897}, abstractNote={Suturing has been the gold standard approach to close wounds for many decades. However, suturing causes tissue damage, which is accompanied by foreign body reaction, entry of pathogens, complications, infection, or death. In addition, the procedure is usually time-consuming, requiring
 manual dexterity and free moving space. Other adhesive approaches have been proposed and demonstrated with great potential, including laser-assisted tissue closure with either photothermal or photochemical reactions, application of nanoparticles, glues, constructs based on extracellular matrix
 (ECM), microbarbs, bio-inspired structures, and tape. The quality of closure has been evaluated by histological methods, indexing, morphology, tensile testing, patency rate, leakage pressure, and burst pressure. All the novel tissue joining methods aim to provide an adhesive with appropriate
 strength, non-cytotoxicity, and minimal damage. The capability for rapid attachment and release may further reduce surgical procedure time. More research is needed to prove the feasibility of new tissue joining techniques based on the type of tissue, surface chemistry, and working environment.}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL NANOTECHNOLOGY}, author={Yang, Kai-Hung and Boehm, Ryan D. and Skoog, Shelby A. and Narayan, Roger J.}, year={2020}, month={Mar}, pages={263–282} }
 @article{nguyen_yang_bryant_li_joice_werbovetz_narayan_2019, title={Microneedle-Based Delivery of Amphotericin B for Treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis}, volume={21}, ISSN={["1572-8781"]}, DOI={10.1007/s10544-018-0355-8}, abstractNote={Current therapeutic options against cutaneous leishmaniasis are plagued by several weaknesses. The effective topical delivery of an antileishmanial drug would be useful in treating some forms of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Toward this end, a microneedle based delivery approach for the antileishmanial drug amphotericin B was investigated in murine models of both New World (Leishmania mexicana) and Old World (Leishmania major) infection. In the L. mexicana model, ten days of treatment began on day 35 post infection, when the area of nodules averaged 9–15 mm2. By the end of the experiment, a significant difference in nodule area was observed for all groups receiving topical amphotericin B at 25 mg/kg/day after application of microneedle arrays of 500, 750, and 1000 μM in nominal length compared to the group that received this dose of topical amphotericin B alone. In the L. major model, ten days of treatment began on day 21 post infection when nodule area averaged 51–65 mm2 in the groups. By the end of the experiment, there was no difference in nodule area between the group receiving 25 mg/kg of topical amphotericin B after microneedle application and any of the non-AmBisome groups. These results show the promise of topical delivery of amphotericin B via microneedles in treating relatively small nodules caused by L. mexicana. These data also show the limitations of the approach against a disseminated L. major infection. Further optimization of microneedle delivery is needed to fully exploit this strategy for cutaneous leishmaniasis treatment.}, number={1}, journal={BIOMEDICAL MICRODEVICES}, author={Nguyen, Alexander K. and Yang, Kai-Hung and Bryant, Kelsey and Li, Junan and Joice, April C. and Werbovetz, Karl A. and Narayan, Roger J.}, year={2019}, month={Mar} }
 @article{yang_nguyen_goering_sumant_narayan_2018, title={Ultrananocrystalline diamond-coated nanoporous membranes support SK-N-SH neuroblastoma endothelial cell attachment}, volume={8}, ISSN={["2042-8901"]}, DOI={10.1098/rsfs.2017.0063}, abstractNote={Ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) has been demonstrated to have attractive features for biomedical applications and can be combined with nanoporous membranes for applications in drug delivery systems, biosensing, immunoisolation and single molecule analysis. In this study, free-standing nanoporous UNCD membranes with pore sizes of 100 or 400 nm were fabricated by directly depositing ultrathin UNCD films on nanoporous silicon nitride membranes and then etching away silicon nitride using reactive ion etching. Successful deposition of UNCD on the substrate with a novel process was confirmed with Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, cross-section scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy. Both sample types exhibited uniform geometry and maintained a clear hexagonal pore arrangement. Cellular attachment of SK-N-SH neuroblastoma endothelial cells was examined using confocal microscopy and SEM. Attachment of SK-N-SH cells onto UNCD membranes on both porous regions and solid surfaces was shown, indicating the potential use of UNCD membranes in biomedical applications such as biosensors and tissue engineering scaffolds.}, number={3}, journal={INTERFACE FOCUS}, author={Yang, Kai-Hung and Nguyen, Alexander K. and Goering, Peter L. and Sumant, Anirudha V. and Narayan, Roger J.}, year={2018}, month={Jun} }
 @article{yang_narayan_2017, title={Analytical methods for detection of Zika virus}, volume={7}, ISSN={["2159-6867"]}, DOI={10.1557/mrc.2017.20}, abstractNote={Due to the recent outbreak of the Zika virus (ZIKV) in several regions, rapid, and accurate methods to diagnose Zika infection are in demand, particularly in regions that are on the frontline of a ZIKV outbreak. In this paper, three diagnostic methods for ZIKV are considered. Viral isolation is the gold standard for detection; this approach can involve incubation of cell cultures. Serological identification is based on the interactions between viral antigens and immunoglobulin G or immunoglobulin M antibodies; cross-reactivity with other types of flaviviruses can cause reduced specificity with this approach. Molecular confirmation, such as reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR), involves reverse transcription of RNA and amplification of DNA. Quantitative analysis based on real-time RT–PCR can be undertaken by comparing fluorescence measurements against previously developed standards. A recently developed programmable paper-based detection approach can provide low-cost and rapid analysis. These viral identification and viral genetic analysis approaches play crucial roles in understanding the transmission of ZIKV.}, number={2}, journal={MRS COMMUNICATIONS}, author={Yang, Kai-Hung and Narayan, Roger J.}, year={2017}, month={Jun}, pages={121–130} }